The rearing method of a kind of Heisui River horsefly
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the cultured insect field, be specifically related to the rearing method of a kind of Heisui River horsefly (Hermetia illucens).
Background technology:
Heisui River horsefly (Hermitia illucens) is a kind of insect of diptera Stratiomyidae Hermetia, claims hermetia illucens again, in global tropical and semi-tropical most of area distribution is arranged all.Many biological propertyes of Heisui River horsefly all are well suited for being used for the conversion of fowl and animal excrement, and for example larva is sought saprophagous character, and feeding habits are assorted, heavy, strong stress resistance, and the history of life is overlapping and elasticity is very big, and prepupa is of high nutritive value, and migrate attribute etc. is arranged before pupating.Therefore, be converted into the research field of insect protein at fowl and animal excrement, the Heisui River horsefly is shown one's talent from numerous dipteral insects soon, has been subjected to paying close attention to widely.
Early stage research concentrates on biological property and the environmental safety assessment of Heisui River horsefly, find that the Heisui River horsefly is harmless fully to the mankind, as safe as a house to environment, Heisui River horsefly adult is not promptly carried germ, do not invade human living environment yet, only get a spot of water of food, crops are not formed any harm.Professor Sheppard of georgia ,u.s.a university on the basis of having understood Heisui River horsefly biological property, has set up a low cost, also effectively fowl and animal excrement treatment system of while through the research of more than ten years.Experimental data shows, the Heisui River horsefly can be converted into 42% crude protein and 35% fat with 8% conversion ratio with chicken manure (dry weight), and the Heisui River horsefly can also play the effect of control housefly population by competition in plant.The Heisui River horsefly can digest about 50% stool weight, and about 62% nitrogen nutrition in the ight soil.
Shepprad (Sheppard DC, et al.2002.Rearing methods for the black soldier fly, Hermetiaillucens (L.) is .J.Med.Entomol. (Diptera:Stratiomyidae), 39 (4): 695-698.) developed the artificial feed of feeding black stratiomyiid larva, and compared 3 kinds of DIFFERENT FEED prescriptions are learned characteristic to Heisui River horsefly part biological influence, the result shows that 3 kinds of feed formulas can both make larvae development to the stage of pupating, but adult eclosion rate then assumes a marked difference.
Professor Lin Qixun of China Fujian Agricultural Univeristy once did a small amount of basic research to the Heisui River horsefly as the feasibility and the evaluation of nutrition of aquatic feeds.
But, up to the present, also do not have the ripe method of propagating the Heisui River horsefly artificially of a cover.
Summary of the invention:
The rearing method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of Heisui River horsefly of maturation.
The rearing method in Heisui River of the present invention (Hermetia illucens) is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) imago breeding that Heisui River horsefly adult is placed plantation plant, light direct projection abundance, well-ventilated with green blade are arranged, to have a protection network is indoor, the imago breeding chamber keeps 16~42 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture is 40-90%, at indoor several oopods that is placed with of imago breeding, allow adult lay eggs on oopod, after the sunrise in early morning every day, be that 1~10% sucrose water or hydromel squirt the plant leaf blade in the receptacle with mass fraction;
(2) ovum of collecting is placed in the insect box, condition of culture is: 20~28 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture 60~80%, treat ovum hatching after, the larvae feeds of feeding, until prepupal period, when larva body surface color transfers dark brown to by milky, i.e. bud into prepupa, stop to add feed this moment, and add wood chip by larva and the two volumes of getting the residual cumulative volume of food, and it is pupated in the environment of drying, pupa is sprouted wings into adult again; After perhaps treating ovum hatching, 1~2 instar larvae larvae feeds of feeding is fed after 3 length of times through pretreated fowl and animal excrement, changing food waste or food processing offcuts to mature larva or prepupa, then mature larva or prepupa is separated;
Described larvae feeds prepares by the following method, press mass ratio, wheat bran: dregs of beans: peanut press pulp=1: 1: 3 or wheat bran: peanut press pulp=1: 3, above-mentioned raw materials is mixed, adding water stirs and pinches into piece to rolling into a ball, this feed formula comes by a large amount of screenings of the inventor, take into full account the nutritional need of Heisui River horsefly larva and got the food environmental requirement, its protein, the content proportioning of carbohydrate and fat is suitable for the larvae development of Heisui River horsefly, in addition, the feed granules suitable size can guarantee air permeability and good when utilizing wheat bran to adjust moisture content, therefore, all reaching optimization effect aspect nutritional need and the physical behavior;
Described oopod prepares by the following method: with 3~5 long 10~20cm, the rectangular millboard of wide 2~5cm is bundled into a branch of and forms oopod, have many irregular apertures on the described millboard, the medium of laying eggs can be soundd out, assess to the Heisui River horsefly with oopod when laying eggs, the physical behavior that experiment showed, ventilation that papery cell that the irregular aperture on the millboard of oopod of the present invention forms provides, drying, rough surface meets the requirement of Heisui River horsefly for the medium of laying eggs very much.Irregular aperture on the millboard of oopod is the desirable spawning place of Heisui River horsefly.This oopod helps the collection of the ovum of Heisui River horsefly.
After pupa was sprouted wings into adult, it was indoor adult can be positioned over imago breeding again, carries out the raising of next cycle Heisui River horsefly.Larva that feeding process obtains or prepupa can be used as bait or feed uses, and gets food remnants and worm excrement and can be processed into fertilizer.
Described pretreated fowl and animal excrement, changing food waste or food processing offcuts, be that fowl and animal excrement, changing food waste or food processing offcuts are carried out preliminary treatment, its processing procedure generally is that fowl and animal excrement, changing food waste or food processing offcuts are pulverized earlier, and then interpolation appropriate materials, as wheat bran, wooden chaff, grass meal etc., adjust about humidity to 60%, this processing procedure belongs to the common practise of prior art.
Indoor at described imago breeding, iodine-tungsten lamp preferably also is installed, this be since Heisui River horsefly adult under light stimulus mating behavior could take place only, under the insufficient situation of sunlight,, can open iodine-tungsten lamp as the cloudy day, iodine-tungsten lamp in luminous intensity greater than 80 μ mol m
-2s
-1The time, can partly substitute the sunshine light source.
Preferably, it is 25~38 ℃ that described imago breeding chamber keeps temperature, and Heisui River horsefly living condition is best under this temperature.
Also preferably be added with sodium dehydroacetate in described larvae feeds, its addition is that every kilogram of larvae feeds adds 0.1~0.5mg, and sodium dehydroacetate can prevent that larvae feeds is putrid and deteriorated in a short time.
Heisui River horsefly larva strong stress resistance, but under hot and humid and situation that the feed composition is too single, suffer from soft rot easily, the method for preventing is keep feeding environment ventilated, and in larvae feeds, add the vegetable material of the 10-20% of larvae feeds weight, for example gourd, fruit and vegetable class material.
The Heisui River horsefly adult life-span has only 7~9 days usually, and the present invention is by after sunrise in early morning every day, is that 1~10% sucrose water or hydromel squirt blade with mass fraction, can prolong 1~2 day life-span of Heisui River horsefly, helps increasing the egg laying amount of Heisui River horsefly adult.
The invention provides the rearing method of a kind of Heisui River horsefly of maturation, this method is simply effective, easily operation, be suitable for a large amount of breedings and production Heisui River horsefly, for effective utilization of Heisui River horsefly,, turn waste into wealth or larva is laid a good foundation as the utilization of feed or bait as disposal of refuse.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the oopod of embodiment 1;
Wherein 1, millboard, 2, irregular aperture, 3, oopod, 4, rubber band.
Embodiment:
Below be to further specify to of the present invention, rather than limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
With Heisui River horsefly adult place plantation that plant, light direct projection abundance, well-ventilated with green blade are arranged, the imago breeding that has a protection network is indoor, at the indoor iodine-tungsten lamp that also is equipped with of imago breeding, under the insufficient situation of light, can open iodine-tungsten lamp as the cloudy day, iodine-tungsten lamp in luminous intensity greater than 80 μ mol m
-2s
-1The time can partly substitute the sunshine light source.Imago breeding chamber length * wide * height=5.5 * 3.5 * 2.5m, be with green blade plant for leading a cow, Portugal and Mikania micrantha, the imago breeding chamber maintains the temperature between 25-38 ℃, relative moisture is between 40~90%, be placed with 3 oopods 3 in that imago breeding is indoor, allow adult lay eggs on oopod 3, after the sunrise in early morning every day, with mass fraction is that 1% sucrose water squirts plant leaf blade, described oopod 3 prepares by the following method: as shown in Figure 1, with 5 long 10cm, the rectangle millboard 1 usefulness rubber band 4 of wide 2cm is bundled into a branch of and forms oopod 3, has many irregular apertures 2 on the longitudinal surface of described millboard 1.After 3 days, collect oopod, oopod is placed in the insect box that larvae feeds is housed in advance, make the larva of hatching can in time obtain nutritional supplementation, condition of culture is: temperature remains on 20~28 ℃, relative moisture remains on 60~80%, after about 3 days, the larva of new hatching begins appetite to be increased, and adds larvae feeds every day, and is transferred in the bigger rearing tray of volume, raising is until prepupal period, described larvae feeds prepares by the following method, presses mass ratio, wheat bran: dregs of beans: peanut press pulp=1: 1: 3, above-mentioned raw materials is mixed, press 10% pawpaw of adding pulverizing that every kilogram of larvae feeds adds the sodium dehydroacetate of 0.1mg and presses larvae feeds weight again, tomato and watermelon, mixing and stirring promptly obtains larvae feeds.About about 10 days of larval phase, when most of larva body colour becomes pitchy, i.e. bud into prepupa, stop to add feed this moment, and add wood chip by larva and the two volumes of getting the residual cumulative volume of food, and it is pupated in the environment of drying, pupa is sprouted wings into adult again.Generally begin to pupate to be transferred to the imago breeding chamber after the week, treat that it sprouts wings into adult, adult generally two days later can mate and oviposit, the artificial feeding that enters next cycle again.
Embodiment 2:
With Heisui River horsefly adult place plantation that plant, light direct projection abundance, well-ventilated with green blade are arranged, the imago breeding that has a protection network is indoor, at the indoor iodine-tungsten lamp that also is equipped with of imago breeding, under the insufficient situation of light, can open iodine-tungsten lamp as the cloudy day, iodine-tungsten lamp in luminous intensity greater than 80 μ mol m
-2s
-1The time can partly substitute the sunshine light source.Imago breeding chamber length * wide * height=5.5 * 3.5 * 2.5m, be with green blade plant for leading a cow, Portugal, Mikania micrantha, the imago breeding chamber maintains the temperature at 25~38 ℃, relative moisture remains between 40~90%, be placed with 10 oopods in that imago breeding is indoor, allow adult lay eggs on oopod, after the sunrise in early morning every day, with mass fraction is that 10% sucrose water squirts blade, described oopod prepares by the following method: the oopod of the oopod of present embodiment and embodiment 1 is basic identical, just the millboard number of plies is varying in size of 3 layers and millboard, it is with 3 long 20cm, the rectangle millboard 1 usefulness rubber band of wide 5cm is bundled into a branch of and forms oopod, has many irregular apertures 2 on the longitudinal surface of described millboard 1.After 3 days, collect oopod, oopod is placed in the insect box that larvae feeds is housed in advance, make the larva of hatching can in time obtain nutritional supplementation, condition of culture is: 20~28 ℃ of temperature, between the relative moisture 60~80%, after about 3 days, the larva of new hatching begins appetite to be increased, and adds larvae feeds every day, and is transferred in the bigger rearing tray of volume, raising is until prepupal period, described larvae feeds prepares by the following method, presses mass ratio, wheat bran: peanut press pulp=1: 3, above-mentioned raw materials is mixed, press 20% pawpaw of adding pulverizing that every kilogram of larvae feeds adds the sodium dehydroacetate of 0.5mg and presses larvae feeds weight again, tomato, watermelon after stirring, promptly obtains larvae feeds.About about 10 days of larval phase, when most of larva body colour becomes pitchy, i.e. bud into prepupa, stop to add feed this moment, and add wood chip by larva and the two volumes of getting the residual cumulative volume of food, and it is pupated in the environment of drying, pupa is sprouted wings into adult again.Generally begin to pupate to be transferred to the imago breeding chamber after the week, treat that it sprouts wings into adult, new adults usually two days later can mate and oviposit, the artificial feeding that enters next cycle again.
Embodiment 3
With Heisui River horsefly adult place plantation that plant, light direct projection abundance, well-ventilated with green blade are arranged, the imago breeding that has a protection network is indoor, at the indoor iodine-tungsten lamp that also is equipped with of imago breeding, under the insufficient situation of light, can open iodine-tungsten lamp as the cloudy day, iodine-tungsten lamp in luminous intensity greater than 80 μ mol m
-2s
-1The time can partly substitute the sunshine light source.Imago breeding chamber length * wide * height=5.5 * 3.5 * 2.5m, be with green blade plant for leading a cow, Portugal, Mikania micrantha, the imago breeding chamber maintains the temperature at 25-38 ℃, relative moisture is 40~90%, be placed with 7 oopods in that imago breeding is indoor, allow adult lay eggs on oopod, after the sunrise in early morning every day, with mass fraction is that 5% hydromel squirts plant leaf blade, described oopod prepares by the following method: the oopod of the oopod of present embodiment and embodiment 1 is basic identical, just the millboard number of plies is varying in size of 4 layers and millboard, it is with 4 long 15cm, the rectangle millboard 1 usefulness rubber band of wide 4cm is bundled into a branch of and forms oopod, has many irregular apertures 2 on the longitudinal surface of described millboard 1.After 3 days, collect oopod, oopod is placed in the insect box that larvae feeds is housed in advance, make the larva of hatching can in time obtain nutritional supplementation, condition of culture is: 20~28 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture 60~80%, daily check larva hatching situation, add larvae feeds as required, described larvae feeds prepares by the following method, presses mass ratio, wheat bran: peanut press pulp=1: 3, above-mentioned raw materials is mixed, press 20% pawpaw of adding pulverizing that every kilogram of larvae feeds adds the sodium dehydroacetate of 0.5mg and presses larvae feeds weight again, tomato, watermelon mixes and promptly obtains larvae feeds.To be transferred to the bigger rearing tray of volume above the larva in 3 ages, biological substance materials such as fowl and animal excrement, changing food waste, food processing offcuts are pulverized, add wheat bran, grass meal, wooden chaff etc. then, moisture content is adjusted to about 60%, larva feed again to mature larva and prepupa, stop to add feed, gut purge separated it with screen cloth after three days, get food remnants and worm excrement and can be processed into fertilizer, larva and prepupa then are used as feed or bait.