CN105558440B - Tenebrio molitor and hermetia illucens feed based on organic garbage fermentation residues - Google Patents
Tenebrio molitor and hermetia illucens feed based on organic garbage fermentation residues Download PDFInfo
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- CN105558440B CN105558440B CN201610050502.4A CN201610050502A CN105558440B CN 105558440 B CN105558440 B CN 105558440B CN 201610050502 A CN201610050502 A CN 201610050502A CN 105558440 B CN105558440 B CN 105558440B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of waste recycling and animal feed preparation, and particularly discloses a yellow mealworm and black soldier fly feed based on organic garbage fermentation residues. The feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-40% of kitchen waste fermentation residues, 10-35% of agricultural and forestry waste fermentation residues, 8-25% of wheat bran, 5-15% of soybean meal, 4-6% of sweet potato vine powder, 1.5-5% of purslane, 0.5-3% of honeysuckle powder, 0.5-3% of feeding compound vitamin and 0.1-5% of bacillus subtilis probiotics. The feed is prepared by taking the organic waste fermentation residues as the main raw material and assisting Chinese herbal medicines and probiotics, is more suitable for the growth and the propagation of yellow mealworm larvae and hermetia illucens larvae, has simple and easily obtained formula materials, solves the problem of treatment of the organic waste fermentation residues, and is suitable for industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of waste recycling and animal feed preparation, and particularly relates to a yellow mealworm and black soldier fly feed based on organic garbage fermentation residues.
Background
The organic garbage refers to kitchen garbage, agricultural and forestry wastes (such as vegetable garbage, livestock and poultry carcasses, straws and straws) and the like, and at present, the treatment and disposal of the organic garbage become social problems which are paid increasing attention to by people. The current integrated biotechnological process is one of the main ways of organic waste treatment. People often use microorganism to ferment organic garbage aerobically or anaerobically to realize resource utilization, and fermentation residues are good insect nutrition feed.
At present, the yellow mealworms and the hermetia illucens are widely applied to the treatment of organic garbage; if the residue after the fermentation of the organic garbage is used as the feed for the tenebrio molitor larvae and the hermetia illucens larvae, the organic garbage is fully utilized, and a high-quality food source is provided for the larvae. However, feeding insects with organic garbage fermentation residues alone can maintain their lives, but their development is affected by incomplete nutrition. If the fermentation residues are prepared into mixed feed, the aim of healthy development of the insect bodies can be fulfilled.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the yellow mealworm and black soldier fly feed based on the organic garbage fermentation residues, the feed is prepared by taking the organic garbage fermentation residues as the main raw material and Chinese herbal medicines as auxiliary materials, is more suitable for the growth and the reproduction of yellow mealworm larvae and black soldier fly larvae, is simple and easily obtained in formula materials, solves the problem of treatment of the organic garbage fermentation residues, and is suitable for industrial production.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following means.
The feed for the yellow mealworms and the hermetia illucens based on the organic garbage fermentation residues comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-40% of kitchen waste fermentation residues, 10-35% of agricultural and forestry waste fermentation residues, 8-25% of wheat bran, 5-15% of soybean meal, 4-6% of sweet potato vine powder, 1.5-5% of purslane, 0.5-3% of honeysuckle powder, 0.5-3% of feeding compound vitamin and 0.1-5% of bacillus subtilis probiotics.
The kitchen waste contains rich nutrient components, the protein and fat content is high, and the fermented residue is beneficial to digestion and absorption of hermetia illucens and tenebrio molitor. The agricultural and forestry wastes contain a large amount of organic components, and the fermented residues contain sugar obtained by decomposing cellulose, amino acid obtained by decomposing meat, stearic acid, palmitic acid and the like, so that the feed is an ideal feed for hermetia illucens and tenebrio molitor. The palatability and the nutritive value of the feed can be improved by matching and combining the two.
In addition, the wheat bran in the feed ingredients is rich in cellulose and vitamins, and contains minerals; the soybean meal is high protein and contains various amino acids; the sweet potato vine powder contains more starch, and simultaneously contains crude protein, crude fiber, vitamins and the like; herba Portulacae has effects of clearing heat, promoting diuresis, and removing toxic substances, and also contains abundant SL3 fatty acid and vitamin A-like substances; the honeysuckle has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials and improving the disease resistance of the yellow mealworms and the black soldier flies; the feed compound vitamin can fully supplement vitamins required by larvae, so that the yellow mealworm larvae and black soldier fly larvae have higher nutritional value; the probiotics containing the bacillus subtilis can promote the normalization of the flora in larvae, inhibit the generation of putrefactive substances and keep the normal operation of the functions of the larvae. Through a large amount of experimental researches, the proportion of each component of the feed is optimized, the nutrition in the organic garbage fermentation residues and other components is fully utilized, and the feed is beneficial to the independent culture or the continuous culture of the tenebrio molitor larvae and the black soldier fly larvae.
Preferably, the feed consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 35% of kitchen waste fermentation residues, 24% of agricultural and forestry waste fermentation residues, 20% of wheat bran, 10% of soybean meal, 5% of sweet potato vine powder, 3% of purslane, 1% of honeysuckle powder, 1% of feeding compound vitamin and 1% of bacillus subtilis probiotics.
Preferably, the kitchen waste fermentation residues and the agriculture and forestry waste fermentation residues are solid residues of the kitchen waste and the agriculture and forestry waste after microbial aerobic or anaerobic fermentation respectively.
Preferably, the agricultural and forestry wastes refer to one or more of fruit and vegetable wastes, animal carcasses, excrement, straws, traditional Chinese medicine residues, straws or dead branches and fallen leaves.
Preferably, the anaerobic fermentation refers to one or more of biogas fermentation, ethanol fermentation or acidogenic fermentation.
Preferably, the microorganism used for anaerobic fermentation is one or more of yeast, rhizopus, aspergillus niger, bacillus, zymomonas mobilis, lactobacillus bulgaricus, lactobacillus delbrueckii, weissella or white rot fungus. Preferably, the microorganism used for anaerobic fermentation is one or more of ethanol bacteria, acetic acid bacteria, butyric acid bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, methanogen, cellulolytic bacteria, lipid-decomposing bacteria or starch-decomposing bacteria.
Preferably, the feed is prepared by mixing and pressing all the components into granules or uniformly mixing all the components with water, and the using amount of the water is 10-20% of the mass of the feed.
The microorganism for anaerobic fermentation can adopt anaerobic fermentation microorganism in the prior art, and preferably, the microorganism for anaerobic fermentation is one or more of yeast, rhizopus, aspergillus niger, bacillus, zymomonas mobilis, lactobacillus bulgaricus, lactobacillus delbrueckii, weissella or white rot fungus.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the feed prepared by taking the organic waste fermentation residues as the main raw material and Chinese herbal medicines as the auxiliary materials is more suitable for the growth and the propagation of yellow mealworm larvae and hermetia illucens larvae, and individuals are not easy to be infected with diseases; the formula materials are simple and easy to obtain, and the method is suitable for industrial production; the environment is protected and good economic benefit is generated at the same time.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are not intended to limit the present invention in any manner. Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated.
Example 1
Feeding the yellow mealworm larvae of more than 4 years old, wherein the formula of the feed is as follows: 35% of kitchen waste fermentation residues fermented by lactic acid bacteria for 12 days, 24% of waste fruits, vegetables and animal carcass fermentation residues fermented by anaerobic fermentation for 30 days, 20% of wheat bran, 10% of soybean meal, 5% of sweet potato vine powder, 3% of purslane, 1% of honeysuckle powder, 1% of feeding compound vitamin and 1% of bacillus subtilis-containing probiotics. Mixing the above components, and granulating with feed granulator. Generally, the yellow mealworms can complete the biotransformation within 48 hours and then be fed again. By continuously feeding for 90 days, the larvae grow well and start to pupate, which is 20-50% larger than the tenebrio molitor larvae fed by organic garbage or organic garbage fermentation residues serving as single feed.
Example 2
Feeding the black soldier fly larvae of more than 3 ages, wherein the feed formula is as follows: 30% of kitchen waste fermentation residues fermented for 10 days by saccharomycetes, 13% of residues obtained after aerobic composting of corn stalks and straws for 15 days, 24.2% of wheat bran, 15% of soybean meal, 6% of sweet potato vine powder, 5% of purslane, 3% of honeysuckle powder, 3% of feeding compound vitamin and 0.8% of bacillus subtilis-containing probiotics. The above components are mixed with 15% boiled water and directly used. Generally, hermetia illucens larvae can complete biotransformation within 24 hours, then are fed again, and are continuously fed for 7 days. At the moment, the larval individual tends to be mature, which is 10-30% larger than the black soldier fly larval individual fed by organic garbage or organic garbage fermentation residues as single feed.
Example 3
The yellow mealworm larvae and the black soldier fly larvae are continuously fed. The formula of the feed comprises: 40% of kitchen waste fermentation residues after aerobic composting fermentation for 10 days, 35% of residues after traditional Chinese medicine residues and dry branches and fallen leaves are fermented for 20 days by cellulose decomposition bacteria, 13.5% of wheat bran, 4% of bean pulp, 3% of sweet potato vine powder, 1.5% of purslane, 0.5% of honeysuckle powder, 0.5% of feeding compound vitamin and 2% of bacillus subtilis-containing probiotics. The ingredients are uniformly mixed with 10% boiled water, and then directly fed with the yellow mealworms, and the feed is fed again after 48 hours, and the feed is continuously fed for 80 days. Then, separating the yellow mealworms from the residues by using a sieve; and taking the residue and feeding the residue and the feed to the hermetia illucens larvae. Since the hermetia illucens are saprophytic hermetia illucens, the tenebrio molitor feces and the organic garbage fermentation residues can be taken to produce high-value animal protein feed. The tenebrio molitor larvae and the hermetia illucens larvae obtained in the embodiment are high-quality protein feeds and have high economic value; the ratio of the organic garbage to the organic garbage is 20-50% and 10-35% larger than that of the organic garbage or the organic garbage fermentation residue fed by single feed.
Comparative example 1
The formula of the feed is basically the same as that of the feed used in example 1, except that the kitchen waste fermentation residue fermented by lactic acid bacteria for 12 days is 60%, and agricultural and forestry waste fermentation residue components are not contained. The method of feeding the tenebrio molitor larvae was the same as in example 1.
As a result, the number of larvae of Tenebrio molitor obtained was 5 to 10% smaller than that of example 1. The main reason is that the agricultural and forestry waste fermentation residues contain a large amount of nutrient components required by the tenebrio molitor larvae, and if the agricultural and forestry waste fermentation residues and the kitchen waste fermentation residues are matched according to the proportion of the invention, the nutrient components can be supplemented with each other, so that the nutrition is more balanced, and the development of the tenebrio molitor larvae is promoted.
Comparative example 2
The formula of the feed used in the comparative example is basically the same as that of the feed used in example 2, except that the kitchen waste fermentation residue and the agriculture and forestry waste fermentation residue have different component proportions, specifically: 10% of kitchen waste fermentation residues fermented for 10 days by saccharomycetes and 33% of residues obtained after 15 days of aerobic composting of corn straws and straws. The method of feeding hermetia illucens larvae was the same as in example 2.
As a result, the number of hermetia illucens larvae obtained is 10-15% smaller than that of the hermetia illucens larvae obtained in example 2. The main reasons are that the content of kitchen garbage in the comparative example is smaller than that in the comparative example, the nutrition is unbalanced, the feed is not easily absorbed by the black soldier fly larvae, and the normal growth requirement of the black soldier fly larvae cannot be met.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example is substantially the same as the feed formulation used in example 3, except that the ratio of bacillus subtilis-containing probiotic was 6%. The procedure for the continuous feeding of the yellow mealworm larvae and black soldier fly larvae was as in example 3.
As a result, the number of individuals of the yellow mealworm larvae and the black soldier fly larvae is 10-30% smaller than that of the yellow mealworm larvae and the black soldier fly larvae in example 3. The reason for this is mainly that the excess bacillus subtilis-containing probiotics disrupt the balance between the flora in the larvae, preventing the normal development of the larvae.
Comparative example 4
The formula of the feed used in the comparative example is basically the same as that of the feed used in example 1, except that the feed used is different in the proportion of soybean meal, sweet potato vine, purslane and honeysuckle, and the specific formula is as follows: 35% of kitchen waste fermentation residues fermented by lactic acid bacteria for 12 days, 25% of waste fruits and vegetables and animal carcass fermentation residues fermented by anaerobic fermentation for 30 days, 20% of wheat bran, 3% of soybean meal, 10% of sweet potato vine powder, 1% of purslane, 5% of honeysuckle powder and 1% of feeding compound vitamin. The method of feeding the tenebrio molitor larvae was the same as in example 1.
As a result, the number of eggs of Tenebrio molitor was 6-12% less than that of example 1. The main reason is that the soybean meal, the sweet potato vine powder, the purslane and the honeysuckle powder are prepared according to the proportion range of the invention, and the obtained feed can enhance the disease resistance of the yellow mealworms and improve the reproductive capacity. If the feed is not prepared in the proportion range, the disease resistance and reproductive capacity of the yellow mealworms are reduced.
Comparative example 5
The formula of the feed in the comparative example is basically the same as that of the feed in example 1, except that the mulberry leaf powder is added into the feed, and the specific formula is as follows: 30% of kitchen waste fermentation residues fermented by butyric acid bacteria for 10 days, 35% of waste fruit and vegetable fermentation residues fermented by zymomonas mobilis for 7 days, 22% of wheat bran, 10% of soybean meal, 4% of sweet potato vine powder, 5% of purslane, 3% of honeysuckle powder, 2% of feeding compound vitamin, 16% of mulberry leaf powder and 3% of bacillus subtilis-containing probiotics.
The method for feeding the hermetia illucens larvae is the same as that in example 2, and the number of the hermetia illucens eggs is 5% -8% less than that in example 2. The reason is mainly that the new components except the components are added into the feed, and new products can be generated in the black soldier fly larvae, so that the overall effect of the feed is influenced, and the disease resistance and reproductive capacity of the black soldier fly larvae are reduced.
Claims (5)
1. The yellow mealworm and black soldier fly feed based on organic garbage fermentation residues is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 30-40% of kitchen waste fermentation residues, 10-35% of agricultural and forestry waste fermentation residues, 8-25% of wheat bran, 5-15% of soybean meal, 4-6% of sweet potato vine powder, 1.5-5% of purslane, 0.5-3% of honeysuckle powder, 0.5-3% of feeding compound vitamin and 0.1-5% of bacillus subtilis probiotics; the feed is prepared by mixing and pressing all the components into granules or adding water into all the components and uniformly mixing, wherein the amount of the water is 10-20% of the mass of the feed.
2. The feed according to claim 1, wherein the feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35% of kitchen waste fermentation residues, 24% of agricultural and forestry waste fermentation residues, 20% of wheat bran, 10% of soybean meal, 5% of sweet potato vine powder, 3% of purslane, 1% of honeysuckle powder, 1% of feeding compound vitamin and 1% of bacillus subtilis probiotics.
3. The feed as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the kitchen waste fermentation residue and the agriculture and forestry waste fermentation residue are solid residues of kitchen waste and agriculture and forestry waste after microbial aerobic or anaerobic fermentation, respectively.
4. The feed of claim 3, wherein the agricultural and forestry waste is one or more of fruit and vegetable waste, animal carcasses, excrement, straw, straws, herb residues or fallen leaves of dead branches.
5. The feed of claim 3, wherein the anaerobic fermentation is one or more of biogas fermentation, ethanol fermentation or acidogenic fermentation.
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| CN109090043A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2018-12-28 | 开平市华声生物科技有限公司 | A kind of black soldier flies larva cultural method |
| CN109452500A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-03-12 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of compound roughage and preparation method thereof feeding black soldier flies |
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| CN110199958B (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2021-09-21 | 广州市宝源节能环保科技有限公司 | Method for treating traditional Chinese medicine residues by biological insects |
| CN110558455A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-12-13 | 深圳市腾浪再生资源发展有限公司 | Fermented feed for hatching hermetia illucens |
| CN110839787A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2020-02-28 | 广东海大集团股份有限公司 | Special feed for black soldier fly brooding |
| CN111066733B (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2022-04-05 | 李路胜 | Method for breeding hermetia illucens by preparing feed from organic perishable garbage |
| CN114532297A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-27 | 北京昊业怡生科技有限公司 | Method for treating kitchen waste by using hermetia illucens |
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