ZA200306170B - A material for a dimensionally stable anode for the electrowinning of aluminium. - Google Patents
A material for a dimensionally stable anode for the electrowinning of aluminium. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ZA200306170B ZA200306170B ZA200306170A ZA200306170A ZA200306170B ZA 200306170 B ZA200306170 B ZA 200306170B ZA 200306170 A ZA200306170 A ZA 200306170A ZA 200306170 A ZA200306170 A ZA 200306170A ZA 200306170 B ZA200306170 B ZA 200306170B
- Authority
- ZA
- South Africa
- Prior art keywords
- cation
- essentially
- anode
- trivalent
- divalent
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 60
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 29
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000005363 electrowinning Methods 0.000 title description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 63
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 28
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminium flouride Chemical compound F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052566 spinel group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001120 nichrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000943 NiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003080 TiO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;titanium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ti].[Fe] YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical group [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002515 CoAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003321 CoFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000684 Cobalt-chrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910005382 FeSn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009626 Hall-Héroult process Methods 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000627951 Osteobrama cotio Species 0.000 description 1
- XVVDIUTUQBXOGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ce].FOF Chemical compound [Ce].FOF XVVDIUTUQBXOGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCWSNKLABDQTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])=O Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])=O PCWSNKLABDQTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 aluminate compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001479 atomic absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCCDYNYSHILRDG-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+);trifluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[Ce+3] QCCDYNYSHILRDG-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010952 cobalt-chrome Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical class FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- NPURPEXKKDAKIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodoimino(oxo)methane Chemical compound IN=C=O NPURPEXKKDAKIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQNBVCBUOCNRFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel ferrite Chemical compound [Ni]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NQNBVCBUOCNRFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- SBYHFKPVCBCYGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinuclidine Chemical compound C1CC2CCN1CC2 SBYHFKPVCBCYGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003608 titanium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
- C25C3/12—Anodes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO20010928A NO20010928D0 (no) | 2001-02-23 | 2001-02-23 | Materiale for benyttelse i produksjon |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ZA200306170B true ZA200306170B (en) | 2004-07-08 |
Family
ID=19912173
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ZA200306170A ZA200306170B (en) | 2001-02-23 | 2003-08-08 | A material for a dimensionally stable anode for the electrowinning of aluminium. |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7141148B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1364078B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2004530041A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1246502C (zh) |
AR (1) | AR034293A1 (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE284984T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2002233837B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0207690B1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2439006C (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ20032554A3 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE60202264T2 (zh) |
EA (1) | EA005900B1 (zh) |
IS (1) | IS2109B (zh) |
NO (1) | NO20010928D0 (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ528058A (zh) |
SK (1) | SK10552003A3 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2002066710A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA200306170B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NO326214B1 (no) * | 2001-10-25 | 2008-10-20 | Norsk Hydro As | Anode for elektrolyse av aluminium |
NO20024049D0 (no) * | 2002-08-23 | 2002-08-23 | Norsk Hydro As | Materiale for bruk i en elektrolysecelle |
US7033469B2 (en) | 2002-11-08 | 2006-04-25 | Alcoa Inc. | Stable inert anodes including an oxide of nickel, iron and aluminum |
US6758991B2 (en) | 2002-11-08 | 2004-07-06 | Alcoa Inc. | Stable inert anodes including a single-phase oxide of nickel and iron |
CN101542787A (zh) | 2006-09-25 | 2009-09-23 | 德克萨斯州立大学董事会 | 用于锂离子电池的阳离子取代的尖晶石氧化物和氟氧化物阴极 |
JP4866955B2 (ja) * | 2009-11-09 | 2012-02-01 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 接合体 |
FR3022917B1 (fr) * | 2014-06-26 | 2016-06-24 | Rio Tinto Alcan Int Ltd | Materiau d'electrode et son utilisation pour la fabrication d'anode inerte |
FR3034433B1 (fr) | 2015-04-03 | 2019-06-07 | Rio Tinto Alcan International Limited | Materiau cermet d'electrode |
CN111534837B (zh) * | 2020-05-07 | 2021-07-09 | 北京科技大学 | 一种适用于高温熔盐体系的惰性阳极的制备方法 |
CN113249755B (zh) * | 2021-05-12 | 2023-05-02 | 郑州大学 | 一种惰性阳极材料及其制备方法和应用 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4039401A (en) * | 1973-10-05 | 1977-08-02 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Aluminum production method with electrodes for aluminum reduction cells |
GB2069529A (en) | 1980-01-17 | 1981-08-26 | Diamond Shamrock Corp | Cermet anode for electrowinning metals from fused salts |
GB8301001D0 (en) | 1983-01-14 | 1983-02-16 | Eltech Syst Ltd | Molten salt electrowinning method |
US6083362A (en) * | 1998-08-06 | 2000-07-04 | University Of Chicago | Dimensionally stable anode for electrolysis, method for maintaining dimensions of anode during electrolysis |
NO326214B1 (no) * | 2001-10-25 | 2008-10-20 | Norsk Hydro As | Anode for elektrolyse av aluminium |
-
2001
- 2001-02-23 NO NO20010928A patent/NO20010928D0/no unknown
-
2002
- 2002-02-13 EP EP02700902A patent/EP1364078B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-13 CA CA2439006A patent/CA2439006C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-13 BR BRPI0207690-0A patent/BR0207690B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-02-13 WO PCT/NO2002/000061 patent/WO2002066710A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-02-13 SK SK1055-2003A patent/SK10552003A3/sk not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-02-13 DE DE60202264T patent/DE60202264T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-02-13 EA EA200300923A patent/EA005900B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-02-13 NZ NZ528058A patent/NZ528058A/en unknown
- 2002-02-13 CN CN02805369.9A patent/CN1246502C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-13 CZ CZ20032554A patent/CZ20032554A3/cs unknown
- 2002-02-13 AU AU2002233837A patent/AU2002233837B2/en not_active Expired
- 2002-02-13 AT AT02700902T patent/ATE284984T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-02-13 JP JP2002566008A patent/JP2004530041A/ja not_active Abandoned
- 2002-02-13 US US10/468,830 patent/US7141148B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-22 AR ARP020100620A patent/AR034293A1/es unknown
-
2003
- 2003-08-08 ZA ZA200306170A patent/ZA200306170B/en unknown
- 2003-08-20 IS IS6921A patent/IS2109B/is unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2002233837B2 (en) | 2007-02-01 |
NO20010928D0 (no) | 2001-02-23 |
ATE284984T1 (de) | 2005-01-15 |
AR034293A1 (es) | 2004-02-18 |
US7141148B2 (en) | 2006-11-28 |
CZ20032554A3 (cs) | 2004-02-18 |
IS6921A (is) | 2003-08-20 |
DE60202264T2 (de) | 2005-12-08 |
EP1364078B1 (en) | 2004-12-15 |
WO2002066710A1 (en) | 2002-08-29 |
EA005900B1 (ru) | 2005-06-30 |
SK10552003A3 (sk) | 2004-01-08 |
JP2004530041A (ja) | 2004-09-30 |
US20040094429A1 (en) | 2004-05-20 |
EA200300923A1 (ru) | 2004-02-26 |
NZ528058A (en) | 2004-10-29 |
BR0207690B1 (pt) | 2011-05-31 |
EP1364078A1 (en) | 2003-11-26 |
IS2109B (is) | 2006-05-15 |
CA2439006C (en) | 2010-04-20 |
CA2439006A1 (en) | 2002-08-29 |
CN1246502C (zh) | 2006-03-22 |
BR0207690A (pt) | 2004-03-09 |
DE60202264D1 (de) | 2005-01-20 |
CN1501988A (zh) | 2004-06-02 |
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