WO2024257817A1 - 二層チューブおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
二層チューブおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C08J2335/08—Copolymers with vinyl ethers
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a double-walled tube and a method for manufacturing the same.
- Patent Document 1 describes a chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer-containing laminate having a layer (A) made of a tetrafluoroethylene/perfluorovinyl ether copolymer and/or a tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer and a layer (B) made of a chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, characterized in that the layer (A) and the layer (B) are laminated by co-extrusion molding under conditions in which the flow path temperature before the material (a) of the layer (A) and the material (b) of the layer (B) come into contact in a multilayer die is 300 to 400°C for the flow path (pa) through which the material (a) flows and 250 to 350°C for the flow path (pb) through which the material (b) flows.
- the objective of this disclosure is to provide a double-walled tube that maintains low hydrochloric acid permeability even when left in warm water for a long period of time with an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution sealed inside.
- the present disclosure provides a two-layer tube comprising an inner layer (A) and an outer layer (B) provided directly on the inner layer (A), in which the inner layer (A) contains a copolymer (a) containing tetrafluoroethylene units and perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) units, the outer layer (B) contains a polymer (b) containing at least chlorotrifluoroethylene units, the weight loss rate of the copolymer (a) after heat treatment at 380°C for 1 hour is 0.05 mass% or less, and the ratio of the thickness of the inner layer (A) to the thickness of the outer layer (B) ((A)/(B)) is 30.0/70.0 to 67.0/33.0.
- the present disclosure provides a double-walled tube that maintains low hydrochloric acid permeability even when left in warm water for a long period of time with an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution sealed inside.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional image of the tube produced in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional image of the tube produced in Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional image of the tube produced in Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an experimental apparatus used for measuring the permeability coefficient of 35% by mass hydrochloric acid through a double-layer tube.
- This disclosure relates to a two-layer tube having an inner layer (A) and an outer layer (B).
- Patent Document 1 states that, conventionally, when transporting chemicals such as hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and nitric acid used in semiconductor and liquid crystal factories, fluororesin tubes such as PFA resin tubes are often used, but the permeation of the chemicals from the tubes causes the tubes themselves to turn white and deteriorate, increasing the acid concentration in the factory, causing problems such as corrosion of equipment and environmental pollution, and that to improve this, it is desirable to have tubes with a small chemical permeation coefficient.
- Patent Document 1 describes that when layer (A) is formed using a tetrafluoroethylene/perfluorovinyl ether copolymer and/or a tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer, layer (B) is formed using a chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, and layer (A) and layer (B) are laminated by co-extrusion molding under conditions where the flow path temperature is in a specific range described below, the resulting laminate has a low 35% by mass hydrochloric acid permeability coefficient at 25°C.
- the inner layer of the bilayer tube from a copolymer containing tetrafluoroethylene units and perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) units, with an appropriately adjusted weight loss rate after heat treatment at 380°C for 1 hour, and by adjusting the thicknesses of the inner and outer layers to an extremely limited range, it is possible to obtain a bilayer tube that is less likely to crack in the inner layer even when left in hot water for a long period of time with an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution sealed inside, and that can maintain low hydrochloric acid permeability even when left in water at room temperature for a long period of time.
- the bilayer tube disclosed herein has been completed based on this knowledge.
- the two-layer tube of the present disclosure comprises an inner layer (A) and an outer layer (B), the inner layer (A) containing a copolymer (a) containing tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) units and perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) (PPVE) units, and the outer layer (B) containing a polymer (b) containing at least chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) units.
- a copolymer a) containing tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) units and perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) (PPVE) units
- CTFE chlorotrifluoroethylene
- the inner layer (A) contains a copolymer (a) containing TFE units and PPVE units, and the copolymer (a) has a specific weight reduction rate.
- the weight loss rate of copolymer (a) is 0.05% by mass or less, and preferably 0.01% by mass or more.
- the weight loss rate of copolymer (a) can be reduced to 0.05% by mass or less by subjecting copolymer (a) to an appropriate heat treatment, as described below.
- the weight loss rate of the copolymer (a) can be calculated from the weight of the copolymer (a) before and after heat treatment at 380° C. for 1 hour according to the following formula.
- Weight reduction rate (mass%) [(weight before heating) ⁇ (weight after heating)]/(weight before heating) ⁇ 100
- copolymers with a low weight loss rate after heat treatment at 380°C for 1 hour contain almost no high-temperature volatile matter with a molecular weight of 3000 or less.
- High-temperature volatile matter with a molecular weight of 3000 or less may exist in an amorphous state in a molded product of copolymer (a) in a crystalline state, forming a fine amorphous, low-density phase.
- Hydrochloric acid flowing inside the two-walled tube may remain in this phase, and the heat of association between the acid molecules and water molecules may cause thermal expansion stress, which may cause cracks to occur, or may cause the permeation of hydrochloric acid to be insufficiently suppressed even if cracks do not occur.
- the inner layer (A) from copolymer (a) with a weight loss rate of 0.05 mass% or less, the formation of an amorphous, low-density phase is suppressed, the generation of fine cracks that may occur in the inner layer (A) is suppressed, and the excellent low permeability of hydrochloric acid of the two-walled tube is maintained.
- the zero shear viscosity of copolymer (a) is preferably 2.00 ⁇ 10 4 Pa ⁇ S or more, more preferably 2.50 ⁇ 10 4 Pa ⁇ S or more, even more preferably 3.00 ⁇ 10 4 Pa ⁇ S or more, and preferably 10.00 ⁇ 10 4 Pa ⁇ S or less, more preferably 8.00 ⁇ 10 4 Pa ⁇ S or less, and even more preferably 5.00 ⁇ 10 4 Pa ⁇ S or less, since this can further suppress the occurrence of cracks in the inner layer and further suppress the permeation of hydrochloric acid while maintaining good moldability of copolymer ( a ).
- the zero shear viscosity of copolymer (a) can be adjusted by adjusting the melt flow rate and the content of PPVE units of copolymer (a) as well as by adjusting the amount of polymerization initiator, the amount of chain transfer agent, the polymerization pressure, the polymerization time, etc., when producing copolymer (a).
- the zero shear viscosity of copolymer (a) is the viscosity at 340°C when the frequency becomes 0.1 rad/sec in the melt viscoelasticity measurement of copolymer (a).
- the zero shear viscosity can be measured using a melt viscoelasticity measuring device.
- the MIT value of copolymer (a) is preferably 2.6 million or more, more preferably 10 million or less, and even more preferably 5 million or less, since it can further suppress the occurrence of cracks in the inner layer and further suppress the permeation of hydrochloric acid.
- the MIT value of copolymer (a) can be adjusted by adjusting the melt flow rate and the content of PPVE units of copolymer (a).
- the MIT value of copolymer (a) can be determined by compression molding copolymer (a) to prepare a test piece with a width of 12.7 mm, length of 90 mm, and thickness of 0.20 to 0.25 mm, bending the test piece under conditions of a load of 1.25 kg, a bending angle of 135 degrees on both sides, and a number of bending times of 175 times per minute, and measuring the number of bending times (MIT value) until the test piece breaks.
- Copolymer (a) contains TFE units and PPVE units.
- the content of PPVE units in copolymer (a) is preferably 4.0 to 6.5% by mass, more preferably 4.5% by mass or more, even more preferably 5.0% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 5.5% by mass or more, based on the total monomer units, since this can further suppress the occurrence of cracks in the inner layer and further suppress the permeation of hydrochloric acid.
- the content of TFE units in copolymer (a) is preferably 93.5 to 96.0% by mass, more preferably 95.5% by mass or less, even more preferably 95.0% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 94.5% by mass or less, based on the total monomer units.
- Copolymer (a) may contain monomer units derived from a monomer copolymerizable with TFE and PPVE.
- Examples of monomers copolymerizable with TFE and PPVE include hexafluoropropylene (HFP), vinyl monomers represented by CZ 3 Z 4 ⁇ CZ 5 (CF 2 ) n Z 6 (wherein Z 3 , Z 4 and Z 5 are the same or different and represent H or F, Z 6 represents H, F or Cl, and n represents an integer of 2 to 10), and alkyl perfluorovinyl ether derivatives represented by CF 2 ⁇ CF-OCH 2 -Rf 7 (wherein Rf 7 represents a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms).
- HFP hexafluoropropylene
- vinyl monomers represented by CZ 3 Z 4 ⁇ CZ 5 (CF 2 ) n Z 6
- Z 3 , Z 4 and Z 5 are the same or different and represent H or F
- Z 6 represents H, F or Cl
- n represents an integer of 2 to 10
- the content of monomer units derived from monomers copolymerizable with TFE and PPVE is preferably 0 to 1.5 mass%, more preferably 0.5 mass% or less, and even more preferably 0.1 mass% or less.
- the copolymer (a) at least one selected from the group consisting of copolymers consisting of only TFE units and PPVE units, and TFE/HFP/PPVE copolymers is preferred, since it can further suppress the occurrence of cracks in the inner layer and further suppress the permeation of hydrochloric acid, and a copolymer consisting of only TFE units and PPVE units is more preferred.
- the content of each monomer unit in the copolymer is measured by 19 F-NMR.
- the melting point of copolymer (a) is preferably 295 to 308°C, since this can further suppress the occurrence of cracks in the inner layer and further suppress the permeation of hydrochloric acid.
- the melting point of copolymer (a) is the temperature corresponding to the maximum value in the heat of fusion curve when the temperature is increased at a rate of 10°C/min (second run) using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).
- the copolymer (a) is preferably a fluororesin having melt processability.
- melt processability means that the polymer can be melted and processed using conventional processing equipment such as an extruder and an injection molding machine. Therefore, melt-processable fluororesins typically have a melt flow rate of 0.01 to 500 g/10 min, as measured by the measurement method described below.
- the melt flow rate (MFR) of copolymer (a) is preferably 10.0 g/10 min or less, more preferably 5.0 g/10 min or less, even more preferably 3.0 g/10 min or less, and is preferably 0.01 g/10 min or more, more preferably 0.1 g/10 min or more, even more preferably 1.0 g/10 min or more, because this can further suppress the occurrence of cracks in the inner layer and further suppress the permeation of hydrochloric acid.
- the MFR of copolymer (a) is measured in accordance with ASTM D1238 using a die 2.1 mm in diameter and 8 mm in length at 372°C under a load of 5 kg.
- the number of functional groups in the copolymer (a) may be 500 or less, preferably 300 or less, more preferably 200 or less, even more preferably 100 or less, still more preferably 50 or less, and particularly preferably 10 or less, per 106 carbon atoms.
- the functional group is a functional group present at the main chain end or side chain end of the copolymer, and a functional group present in the main chain or side chain.
- Infrared spectroscopy can be used to identify the types of functional groups and measure the number of functional groups.
- the absorption frequencies, molar absorption coefficients, and correction coefficients for the functional groups in this disclosure are shown in Table 1.
- the molar absorption coefficients were determined from FT-IR measurement data of low molecular weight model compounds.
- the absorption frequencies of --CH 2 CF 2 H, --CH 2 COF, --CH 2 COOH, --CH 2 COOCH 3 , and --CH 2 CONH 2 are several tens of Kaiser (cm -1 ) lower than the absorption frequencies of --CF 2 H, --COF, --COOH free and --COOH bonded, --COOCH 3 , and --CONH 2 shown in the table, respectively. Therefore, for example, the number of functional groups of --COF is the sum of the number of functional groups determined from the absorption peak at 1883 cm.sup. -1 due to --CF.sub.2 COF and the number of functional groups determined from the absorption peak at 1840 cm.sup. -1 due to --CH.sub.2 COF.
- a functional group is introduced into the copolymer by, for example, a chain transfer agent or a polymerization initiator used in producing the copolymer.
- a chain transfer agent or a polymerization initiator used in producing the copolymer.
- a functional group is introduced into the side chain end of the copolymer by polymerizing a monomer having a functional group.
- the copolymer (a) may be one that has been fluorination-treated.
- the copolymer (a) may also have a -CF3 terminal group.
- the inner layer (A) may contain various additives, such as conductive fillers, stabilizers such as heat stabilizers, reinforcing agents, bulking agents, ultraviolet absorbers, pigments, etc., within the scope of the present disclosure.
- the outer layer (B) contains a polymer (b) containing at least CTFE units.
- the polymer (b) at least one selected from the group consisting of polychlorotrifluoroethylene [PCTFE] and CTFE copolymer is preferred, since it can further suppress the occurrence of cracks in the inner layer and further suppress the permeation of hydrochloric acid, at least one selected from the group consisting of PCTFE, CTFE/TFE copolymer, and ethylene/CTFE copolymer is more preferred, and CTFE/TFE copolymer is even more preferred.
- PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene
- the polymer (b) is preferably a CTFE copolymer.
- the CTFE copolymer is preferably a copolymer containing a CTFE unit and a unit derived from at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of TFE, HFP, PAVE, vinylidene fluoride (VdF), vinyl fluoride, hexafluoroisobutene, a monomer represented by the formula: CH 2 ⁇ CX 1 (CF 2 ) n X 2 (wherein X 1 is H or F, X 2 is H, F or Cl, and n is an integer of 1 to 10), ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, vinyl chloride, and vinylidene chloride.
- the CTFE copolymer is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene/CTFE copolymers and copolymers containing CTFE units and units derived from at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of TFE, HFP, and PAVE.
- Ethylene/CTFE copolymer is a copolymer containing ethylene units and CTFE units, and preferably contains 46-52 mol% ethylene units and 54-48 mol% CTFE units relative to the total of the ethylene units and CTFE units.
- ECTFE may be a binary copolymer consisting of only ethylene units and CTFE units, or may further contain polymerization units based on a monomer copolymerizable with ethylene and CTFE (e.g., a perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) (PAVE) derivative).
- the content of polymerized units based on ethylene and monomers copolymerizable with CTFE is preferably 0.01 to 5 mol% based on the total of ethylene units, CTFE units, and polymerized units based on the above-mentioned copolymerizable monomers.
- the MFR of ECTFE is preferably 0.01 to 100 g/10 min.
- the MFR of ECTFE is measured at a temperature of 230°C and a load of 2.16 kg.
- those containing CTFE units, TFE units and monomer ( ⁇ ) units derived from monomer ( ⁇ ) copolymerizable therewith are particularly preferred, since they can further suppress the occurrence of cracks in the inner layer and further suppress the permeation of hydrochloric acid.
- the monomer ( ⁇ ) is not particularly limited as long as it is a monomer copolymerizable with CTFE and TFE, and examples thereof include ethylene, VdF, perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) [PAVE] represented by CF 2 ⁇ CF-ORf 1 (wherein Rf 1 is a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms), vinyl monomer represented by CX 3 X 4 ⁇ CX 5 (CF 2 ) n X 6 (wherein X 3 , X 4 and X 5 are the same or different and are a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; X 6 is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom; n is an integer of 1 to 10), CF 2 ⁇ CF-OCH 2 -Rf 2 (wherein Rf and alkyl perfluorovinyl ether derivatives represented by the formula ( 2 ) (a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) represented by CF 2 ⁇ CF-ORf 3 (wherein Rf 3 represents a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms) is preferred, such as perfluoro(methyl vinyl ether) [PMVE], perfluoro(ethyl vinyl ether) [PEVE], perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) [PPVE], and perfluoro(butyl vinyl ether).
- PMVE perfluoro(methyl vinyl ether)
- PEVE perfluoro(ethyl vinyl ether)
- PPVE perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether)
- PPVE perfluoro(butyl vinyl ether
- alkyl perfluorovinyl ether derivative those in which Rf 2 is a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms are preferred, and CF 2 ⁇ CF—OCH 2 —CF 2 CF3 is more preferred.
- the ratio of CTFE units to TFE units in polymer (b) is preferably 15 to 90 mol % CTFE units and 85 to 10 mol % TFE units, and more preferably 20 to 90 mol % CTFE units and 80 to 10 mol % TFE units. Also preferred is a copolymer composed of 15 to 25 mol % CTFE units and 85 to 75 mol % TFE units.
- the polymer (b) preferably has a total of 90 to 99.9 mol% of CTFE units and TFE units, and 0.1 to 10 mol% of monomer ( ⁇ ) units. If the monomer ( ⁇ ) units are less than 0.1 mol%, the moldability, environmental stress cracking resistance, and fuel cracking resistance tend to be poor, and if they exceed 10 mol%, the fuel barrier properties, heat resistance, and mechanical properties tend to be poor.
- a CTFE/TFE/PAVE copolymer is particularly preferred, since it can further suppress the occurrence of cracks in the inner layer and further suppress the permeation of hydrochloric acid.
- the above PAVE may be perfluoro(methyl vinyl ether) [PMVE], perfluoro(ethyl vinyl ether) [PEVE], perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) [PPVE], perfluoro(butyl vinyl ether), etc., and among these, at least one selected from the group consisting of PMVE, PEVE, and PPVE is preferred, with PPVE being more preferred.
- the PAVE units are preferably 0.5 mol% or more of the total monomer units, and preferably 5 mol% or less.
- the content ratio (mol%) of each monomer in the CTFE/TFE/PAVE copolymer is preferably (15.0-24.9)/(75.0-84.9)/(0.1-10.0), and more preferably (15.0-24.9)/(75.0-84.9)/(0.1-3.0).
- the melting point of polymer (b) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 160 to 270°C.
- the melting point of polymer (b) is the temperature corresponding to the maximum value on the heat of fusion curve when the temperature is increased at a rate of 10°C/min using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).
- the polymer (b) is preferably a fluororesin having melt processability.
- the MFR of the polymer (b) is preferably 0.5 to 100 g/10 min, more preferably 1 g/10 min or more, even more preferably 2 g/10 min or more, more preferably 50 g/10 min or less, and even more preferably 40 g/10 min or less.
- the MFR of polymer (b) is measured in accordance with ASTM D1238 using a die 2.1 mm in diameter and 8 mm in length, a load of 5 kg, and at any temperature within the general molding temperature range of fluoropolymers, approximately 230 to 350°C (e.g., 297°C).
- the measurement temperature for the MFR of a CTFE/TFE/PAVE copolymer is 297°C.
- the outer layer (B) may contain various additives, such as conductive fillers, stabilizers such as heat stabilizers, reinforcing agents, bulking agents, ultraviolet absorbers, pigments, etc., within the scope of the present disclosure.
- the two-layer tube of the present disclosure comprises an inner layer (A) and an outer layer (B), and the outer layer (B) is directly bonded onto the inner layer (A).
- the boundaries between the adjacent layers do not necessarily need to be clear, and the molecular chains of the polymers constituting the layers may interpenetrate each other from the contact surfaces, resulting in a layer structure with a concentration gradient.
- the ratio ((A)/(B)) of the thickness of the inner layer (A) to the thickness of the outer layer (B) is 30.0/70.0 to 67.0/33.0. If the ratio ((A)/(B)) is too small, when the tube is left in hot water for a long period of time with an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution sealed inside, cracks are likely to occur in the inner layer, and low hydrochloric acid permeability cannot be maintained. If the ratio ((A)/(B)) is too large, permeation of hydrochloric acid cannot be sufficiently suppressed.
- the ratio ((A)/(B)) of the thickness of the inner layer (A) to the thickness of the outer layer (B) is preferably 50.0/50.0 or more, and more preferably 60.0/40.0 or more, since this can further suppress the occurrence of cracks in the inner layer and further suppress the permeation of hydrochloric acid.
- a larger ratio ((A)/(B)) is advantageous in that it makes it easier to weld the two-layer tube of the present disclosure to other members such as fittings, and also increases the mechanical strength of the welded portion.
- the thickness of the bi-layer tube of the present disclosure i.e., the total thickness of the inner layer (A) and the outer layer (B), is preferably 1.3 mm or more, more preferably 1.5 mm or more, and preferably 10.0 mm or less, more preferably 5.0 mm or less, and even more preferably 2.0 mm or less.
- the thickness of the bi-layer tube of the present disclosure may be about 1.6 mm (e.g., 1.56 to 1.64 mm).
- the bi-layer tube of the present disclosure may be a 3/4 inch tube or a 1/2 inch tube.
- the bilayer tube of the present disclosure is characterized in that, after sealing an acid aqueous solution containing at least one acid selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid in the bilayer tube and leaving it at room temperature for 150 days or more, there are no cracks with a length of 10 ⁇ m or more in the inner layer (A). The presence or absence of cracks can be confirmed by observing the cross section of the bilayer tube using a microscope.
- the two-walled tube of the present disclosure is characterized in that, after 35% by mass of hydrochloric acid is enclosed and left in 80°C warm water for 90 hours, the inner layer (A) has no cracks with a length of 10 ⁇ m or more. The presence or absence of cracks can be confirmed by observing the cross section of the two-walled tube using a microscope.
- the bilayer tube of the present disclosure can be manufactured, for example, by a manufacturing method in which copolymer (a) is subjected to a heat treatment in which hot air at 200 to 280°C is blown onto it for at least 6 hours, and then the resulting copolymer (a) and polymer (b) are laminated to obtain a bilayer tube.
- the temperature of the hot air is preferably 230°C or higher, more preferably 250°C or higher, and preferably 270°C or lower, more preferably 260°C or lower. If the temperature of the hot air is too low, high-temperature volatile matter cannot be sufficiently removed from the copolymer (a). If the temperature of the hot air is too high, the copolymer (a) may fuse to form lumps, or, if pellets of the copolymer (a) are used for the heat treatment, the pellets may be deformed.
- the time for blowing hot air is 6 hours or more, preferably 8 hours or more, preferably 30 hours or less, more preferably 20 hours or less, and even more preferably 15 hours or less.
- the time for blowing hot air is 6 hours or more, preferably 8 hours or more, preferably 30 hours or less, more preferably 20 hours or less, and even more preferably 15 hours or less.
- the hot air that has come into contact with copolymer (a) may contain high-temperature volatile matter.
- a known method for treating copolymer (a) is fluorination treatment to reduce the number of functional groups in copolymer (a). Fluorination treatment is carried out by contacting copolymer (a) with a highly reactive fluorinating agent in a sealed container, so even if the fluorination treatment is carried out at high temperature for a long period of time, the weight loss rate of copolymer (a) cannot be adjusted to within the above range.
- Heated air, heated inert gas, etc. can be used as the hot air.
- the shape of the copolymer (a) onto which the hot air is blown is not particularly limited, and it may be in the form of a powder, pellets, etc. If the copolymer (a) is in the form of a powder, there is a high possibility that it will be blown up by the hot air, so it is preferable that the copolymer (a) be in the form of pellets.
- the method for laminating the copolymer (a) and the polymer (b) includes the following: A method in which the copolymer (a) and the polymer (b) are co-extruded to thermally bond the layers together (by melt adhesion); A method in which a layer containing the copolymer (a) and a layer containing the polymer (b) are separately prepared by an extruder, and the layers are superimposed and bonded to each other by heat fusion; A method of preparing a monolayer tube containing a copolymer (a) and extruding a polymer (b) onto the surface of the monolayer tube by an extruder; A method in which a single-layer tube containing copolymer (a) is prepared, polymer (b) is electrostatically coated on the surface of the single-layer tube, and the resultant coated article is heated overall or from the coated side to heat and melt polymer (b).
- the above coextrusion molding can be performed using conventional multilayer coextrusion manufacturing methods such as the multi-manifold method and the feed block method.
- the two-layer tube of the present disclosure can be suitably used as a tube for piping chemicals to circulate chemicals, and is particularly suitable for use as a tube for piping chemicals used to transport high-purity chemicals for semiconductor device manufacturing.
- the two-layer tube of the present disclosure is less susceptible to cracks in the inner layer and can maintain low chemical permeability for a long period of time, so it can be replaced less frequently than conventional two-layer tubes.
- the two-wall tube of the present disclosure is preferably a tube for piping a chemical liquid for circulating the chemical liquid.
- the above-mentioned chemical liquid include chemical liquids used in semiconductor manufacturing, such as ammonia water, ozone water, hydrogen peroxide solution, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, resist liquid, thinner liquid, and developing solution.
- an acid aqueous solution containing at least one acid selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid is particularly preferable.
- the two-wall tube of the present disclosure can suppress the permeation of the acid in such an acid aqueous solution for a long period of time.
- the double-walled tube disclosed herein can be used, for example, as a tube for use in semiconductor manufacturing facilities or semiconductor manufacturing equipment, such as a chemical supply line for semiconductor manufacturing, a chemical supply equipment for semiconductor manufacturing, a semiconductor cleaning device, or a coater developer.
- the two-layer tube of the present disclosure in a low humidity environment.
- the humidity of the usage environment is preferably 60% or less, and more preferably 30% or less.
- the present invention provides a two-layer tube comprising an inner layer (A) and an outer layer (B) provided directly on the inner layer (A), wherein the inner layer (A) contains a copolymer (a) containing tetrafluoroethylene units and perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) units, and the outer layer (B) contains a polymer (b) containing at least chlorotrifluoroethylene units, the weight loss rate of the copolymer (a) after heat treatment at 380°C for 1 hour is 0.05 mass% or less, and the ratio of the thickness of the inner layer (A) to the thickness of the outer layer (B) ((A)/(B)) is 30.0/70.0 to 67.0/33.0.
- the double-layer tube according to the first aspect is provided, in which the total thickness of the inner layer (A) and the outer layer (B) is 1.3 mm or more.
- the total thickness of the inner layer (A) and the outer layer (B) is 1.6 mm.
- a double-walled tube according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the content of perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) units in copolymer (a) is 4.0 to 6.5 mass% based on the total monomer units constituting copolymer (a).
- the melting point of the copolymer (a) is 295 to 308°C.
- a double-walled tube according to any of the first to fifth aspects, wherein the polymer (b) is a copolymer containing chlorotrifluoroethylene units, tetrafluoroethylene units, and monomer ( ⁇ ) units derived from a monomer ( ⁇ ) copolymerizable therewith.
- the polymer (b) is a copolymer containing chlorotrifluoroethylene units, tetrafluoroethylene units and perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) units.
- a double-layer tube according to any one of the first to seventh aspects in which the copolymer (a) has a zero shear viscosity of 2.00 ⁇ 10 4 Pa ⁇ S or more.
- the copolymer (a) has a zero shear viscosity of 2.00 ⁇ 10 4 Pa ⁇ S or more.
- a copolymer (a) having an MIT value of 2.6 million times or more.
- a two-layer tube according to any of the first to ninth aspects, in which an acid aqueous solution containing at least one acid selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid is sealed inside and allowed to stand at room temperature for 150 days or more, and thereafter no cracks having a length of 10 ⁇ m or more are present in the inner layer (A).
- a two-layer tube according to any of the first to tenth aspects, in which no cracks having a length of 10 ⁇ m or more exist in the inner layer (A) after 35% by mass hydrochloric acid is enclosed and the tube is left in warm water at 80° C. for 90 hours.
- the copolymer (a) contains tetrafluoroethylene units, perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) units, and other monomer units derived from monomers copolymerizable with tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether), the content of perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) units in the copolymer (a) is 4.0 to 6.5 mass% based on all monomer units constituting the copolymer (a), the content of tetrafluoroethylene units in the copolymer (a) is 93.5 to 96.0 mass% based on all monomer units constituting the copolymer (a), and the content of other monomer units in the copolymer (a) is 0 to 1.5 mass% based on all monomer units constituting the copolymer (a); Polymer (b) is a copolymer containing chlorotrifluoroethylene units, tetrafluor
- a method for producing a double-layer tube according to any one of the first to twelfth aspects provides a method for producing a two-layer tube by performing a heat treatment on copolymer (a) by blowing hot air at 200 to 280° C. for 6 hours or more, and then laminating the resulting copolymer (a) and polymer (b).
- MFR Melt Flow Rate
- the zero shear viscosity of the copolymer was measured using a melt viscoelasticity measuring device MCR-302 manufactured by Anton Paar, with a parallel plate attached as a measuring jig.
- the measuring temperature was 340° C., and the sample thickness was 1 mm.
- the frequency was swept from the high frequency side to the low frequency side, and the viscosity at a frequency of 0.1 rad/sec was taken as the zero shear viscosity.
- the MIT value of the copolymer was measured in accordance with ASTM D2176. Specifically, the copolymer was compression molded to prepare a test piece having a width of 12.7 mm, a length of 90 mm, and a thickness of 0.20 to 0.25 mm, and the test piece was attached to an MIT tester (model number 12176, (manufactured by Yasuda Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.)), and the test piece was bent under the conditions of a load of 1.25 kg, a bending angle of 135 degrees on the left and right sides, and a number of bending times of 175 times/min, and the number of bending times (MIT value) until the test piece broke was measured.
- MIT tester model number 12176, (manufactured by Yasuda Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.)
- the melting points (2nd run) of the copolymers (a1) and (a2) were determined as the temperatures corresponding to the maximum values in the heat of fusion curves when the temperature was increased at a rate of 10° C./min (second run) using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).
- the melting point of the polymer (b1) was determined as the temperature corresponding to the maximum value in the heat of fusion curve when the temperature was raised at a rate of 10° C./min using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).
- TFE/PPVE copolymer (mass ratio): 96.5/3.5 MFR (372°C, 5 kg): 2.0 g/10 min Weight loss rate after heat treatment at 380°C for 1 hour: 0.25% by mass
- the weight loss rate of copolymer (a2) was adjusted by the following method. 1 to 3 kg of pellets of the TFE/PPVE copolymer having the above-mentioned composition and MFR were spread on a tray, and the tray was placed in a hot air circulation type electric furnace. While heating the hot air circulation type electric furnace so that the temperature inside the furnace reached 250°C, hot air was passed through the heating furnace, and the pellets on the tray were heat-treated for 10 hours. In order to smoothly remove high-temperature volatile matter from the pellets, the heat treatment was performed while a portion of the hot air that had passed through the heating furnace was exhausted outside the heating furnace.
- Comparative Example 1 Pellets of the copolymer (a1) and a tube manufacturing apparatus were used to manufacture a 1/2 inch tube having an outer diameter of 12.70 mm and a thickness of 1.58 mm.
- Comparative Example 2 A 1/2 inch tube was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the copolymer (a2) was used instead of the copolymer (a1).
- Comparative Example 3 Using a two-kind, two-layer tube extrusion device equipped with a multi-manifold, the inner layer (A) was copolymer (a1) and the outer layer (B) was polymer (b1), and the two extruders were fed to each extruder to produce a 1/2 inch tube having an outer diameter of 12.70 mm and a thickness of 1.58 mm.
- the thickness of the inner layer (A) was 1.05 mm
- the thickness of the outer layer (B) was 0.53 mm.
- Example 1 A 1/2 inch tube was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 3, except that the copolymer (a2) was used instead of the copolymer (a1).
- the cross-sectional image of the tube shown in Figure 3 shows that the tube with an inner layer formed from copolymer (a) with an appropriately adjusted weight loss rate has no cracks in the inner layer.
- the cross-sectional images of the tube shown in Figures 1 and 2 show that the single-layer tube has numerous cracks with lengths of 10 ⁇ m or more.
- the tube was left in this state, and about 1 ml was sampled from the sampling port 24.
- the chloride ion concentration Y (ppm) contained in the pure water was quantified using an ion chromatograph (product name: IC7000-E, manufactured by Yokogawa Electric Corporation), and the hydrochloric acid permeability coefficient (X) (ng ⁇ cm/cm 2 /days) was calculated using the following formula.
- Comparative Example 3 The 35% hydrochloric acid permeability coefficients (for 150 to 250 days) of the tubes produced in Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 were as follows: Comparative example 3: 20 ng ⁇ cm/cm 2 /days Example 1: 7 ng ⁇ cm/cm 2 /days
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Abstract
Description
内層(A)は、TFE単位およびPPVE単位を含有する共重合体(a)を含有する。共重合体(a)は、特定の重量減少率を有している。
重量減少率(質量%)=[(加熱前の重量)-(加熱後の重量)]/(加熱前の重量)×100
N=I×K/t (A)
I:吸光度
K:補正係数
t:フィルムの厚さ(mm)
従って、たとえば、-COFの官能基数とは、-CF2COFに起因する吸収周波数1883cm-1の吸収ピークから求めた官能基数と、-CH2COFに起因する吸収周波数1840cm-1の吸収ピークから求めた官能基数との合計である。
外層(B)は、CTFE単位を少なくとも含有する重合体(b)を含有する。
本開示の二層チューブは、内層(A)および外層(B)を備えており、外層(B)は内層(A)上に直接接着している。本開示の二層チューブにおいて、接している各層の境界は必ずしも明確である必要はなく、各層を構成するポリマーの分子鎖同士が接している面から相互に侵入し、濃度勾配がある層構造であってもよい。
共重合体(a)と重合体(b)とを共押出成形することにより、層間を熱融着(溶融接着)させる方法、
押出機により、共重合体(a)を含有する層と、重合体(b)を含有する層とを別個に作製し、各層を重ね合せ、熱融着により層間を接着させる方法、
共重合体(a)を含有する単層チューブを作製し、単層チューブの表面上に、押出機により、重合体(b)を押し出す方法、
共重合体(a)を含有する単層チューブを作製し、単層チューブの表面上に、重合体(b)を静電塗装したのち、得られる塗装物を全体的にまたは塗装した側から加熱することにより、重合体(b)を加熱溶融する方法
などが挙げられる。
内層(A)と、内層(A)上に直接設けられた外層(B)と、を備える二層チューブであって、内層(A)が、テトラフルオロエチレン単位およびパーフルオロ(プロピルビニルエーテル)単位を含有する共重合体(a)を含有しており、外層(B)が、クロロトリフルオロエチレン単位を少なくとも含有する重合体(b)を含有しており、共重合体(a)の380℃で1時間加熱処理した後の重量減少率が、0.05質量%以下であり、内層(A)の厚さと外層(B)の厚さとの比((A)/(B))が、30.0/70.0~67.0/33.0である二層チューブが提供される。
<2> 本開示の第2の観点によれば、
内層(A)および外層(B)の合計の厚さが、1.3mm以上である第1の観点による二層チューブが提供される。
<3> 本開示の第3の観点によれば、
内層(A)および外層(B)の合計の厚さが、1.6mmである第1または第2の観点による二層チューブが提供される。
<4> 本開示の第4の観点によれば、
共重合体(a)中のパーフルオロ(プロピルビニルエーテル)単位の含有量が、共重合体(a)を構成する全単量体単位に対して、4.0~6.5質量%である第1~第3のいずれかの観点による二層チューブが提供される。
<5> 本開示の第5の観点によれば、
共重合体(a)の融点が、295~308℃である第1~第4のいずれかの観点による二層チューブが提供される。
<6> 本開示の第6の観点によれば、
重合体(b)が、クロロトリフルオロエチレン単位、テトラフルオロエチレン単位およびこれらと共重合可能な単量体(α)に由来する単量体(α)単位を含む共重合体である第1~第5のいずれかの観点による二層チューブが提供される。
<7> 本開示の第7の観点によれば、
重合体(b)が、クロロトリフルオロエチレン単位、テトラフルオロエチレン単位およびパーフルオロ(アルキルビニルエーテル)単位を含む共重合体である第1~第6のいずれかの観点による二層チューブが提供される。
<8> 本開示の第8の観点によれば、
共重合体(a)のゼロシェア粘度が、2.00×104Pa・S以上である第1~第7のいずれかの観点による二層チューブが提供される。
<9> 本開示の第9の観点によれば、
共重合体(a)のMIT値が、260万回以上である第1~第8のいずれかの観点による二層チューブが提供される。
<10> 本開示の第10の観点によれば、
塩酸、フッ酸、硝酸および硫酸からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の酸を含有する酸水溶液を封入し、室温下で150日間以上放置した後の内層(A)に、長さが10μm以上のクラックが存在しない第1~第9のいずれかの観点による二層チューブが提供される。
<11> 本開示の第11の観点によれば、
35質量%塩酸を封入し、80℃の温水中に90時間放置した後の内層(A)に、長さが10μm以上のクラックが存在しない第1~第10のいずれかの観点による二層チューブが提供される。
<12> 本開示の第12の観点によれば、
共重合体(a)が、テトラフルオロエチレン単位、パーフルオロ(プロピルビニルエーテル)単位、ならびに、テトラフルオロエチレンおよびパーフルオロ(プロピルビニルエーテル)と共重合可能な単量体に由来する他の単量体単位を含有しており、共重合体(a)中のパーフルオロ(プロピルビニルエーテル)単位の含有量が、共重合体(a)を構成する全単量体単位に対して、4.0~6.5質量%であり、共重合体(a)中のテトラフルオロエチレン単位の含有量が、共重合体(a)を構成する全単量体単位に対して、93.5~96.0質量%であり、共重合体(a)中の他の単量体単位の含有量が、共重合体(a)を構成する全単量体単位に対して、0~1.5質量%であり、
重合体(b)が、クロロトリフルオロエチレン単位、テトラフルオロエチレン単位およびパーフルオロ(アルキルビニルエーテル)単位を含む共重合体であって、各単量体の含有割合(クロロトリフルオロエチレン単位/テトラフルオロエチレン単位/パーフルオロ(アルキルビニルエーテル)単位(モル%))が、(15.0~24.9)/(75.0~84.9)/(0.1~10.0)であり、
内層(A)および外層(B)の合計の厚さが、1.56~1.64mmであり、
内層(A)の厚さと外層(B)の厚さとの比((A)/(B))が、60.0/40.0~67.0/33.0である
第1~第11のいずれかの観点による二層チューブが提供される。
<13> 本開示の第13の観点によれば、
第1~第12のいずれかの観点による二層チューブの製造方法であって、
共重合体(a)に200~280℃の熱風を6時間以上吹き付ける熱処理を行った後、得られる共重合体(a)と重合体(b)とを積層して、二層チューブを得る製造方法が提供される。
19F-NMR法により測定した。
ASTM D1238に従って、メルトインデクサー(安田精機製作所社製)を用いて、372℃または297℃、5kg荷重下で、内径2.1mm、長さ8mmのノズルから10分間あたりに流出する共重合体の質量(g/10分)を求めた。
アルミカップを380℃で30分間加熱し、アルミカップから揮発分を除去した。共重合体のペレット約10gをアルミカップに入れ、ペレット入りアルミカップを精秤した。ペレット入りアルミカップを380℃で60分間加熱した。加熱後のペレット入りアルミカップを精秤した。次式に基づき、共重合体の重量減少率を求めた。
重量減少率(質量%)=[(加熱前の重量)-(加熱後の重量)]/(加熱前の重量)×100
共重合体のゼロシェア粘度を、アントンパール社製の溶融粘弾性測定装置MCR-302に、測定治具としてパラレルプレート取り付けて測定した。測定温度は340℃、サンプル厚みは1mmとした。高周波側から低周波側に周波数を掃引し、周波数が0.1rad/secの時の粘度をゼロシェア粘度とした。
共重合体のMIT値を、ASTM D2176に準じて測定した。具体的には、共重合体を圧縮成形して、幅12.7mm、長さ90mm、厚さ0.20~0.25mmの試験片を作製し、試験片をMIT試験機(型番12176、(安田精機製作所社製))に装着し、荷重1.25kg、左右の折り曲げ角度各135度、折り曲げ回数175回/分の条件下で試験片を屈曲させ、試験片が切断するまでの回数(MIT値)を測定した。
共重合体(a1)および(a2)の融点(2nd run)は、示差走査熱量計〔DSC〕を用いて10℃/分の速度で昇温(セカンドラン)したときの融解熱曲線における極大値に対応する温度として求めた。
重合体(b1)の融点は、示差走査熱量計〔DSC〕を用い、10℃/分の速度で昇温したときの融解熱曲線における極大値に対応する温度として求めた。
TFE/PPVE共重合体
TFE/PPVE(質量比):96.5/3.5
MFR(372℃、5kg):2.0g/10分
380℃で1時間加熱処理した後の重量減少率:0.25質量%
ゼロシェア粘度(340℃):2.85×104Pa・S
MIT値:80万回
融点:308℃
TFE/PPVE共重合体
TFE/PPVE(質量比):94.0/6.0
MFR(372℃、5kg):1.6g/10分
380℃で1時間加熱処理した後の重量減少率:0.05質量%
ゼロシェア粘度(340℃):3.32×104Pa・S
MIT値:260万回
融点:300℃
TFE/CTFE/PPVE共重合体
TFE/CTFE/PPVE(モル比):76.3/21.3/2.4
融点:245℃
MFR:3g/10分(297℃、5kg)
共重合体(a1)のペレットおよびチューブ製造装置を用いて、外径12.70mm、厚さ1.58mmの1/2インチチューブを製造した。
共重合体(a1)に代えて、共重合体(a2)を用いた以外は、比較例1と同様にして、1/2インチチューブを製造した。
マルチマニホールドを装着した2種2層のチューブ押出し装置を用いて、内層(A)を共重合体(a1)とし、外層(B)を重合体(b1)として、2台の押出し機にそれぞれ供給して、外径12.70mm、厚さ1.58mmの1/2インチチューブを製造した。内層(A)の厚さは1.05mmであり、外層(B)の厚さは0.53mmであった。
共重合体(a1)に代えて、共重合体(a2)を用いた以外は、比較例3と同様にして、1/2インチチューブを製造した。
比較例1~2および実施例1で作製したチューブに、35質量%塩酸を封入して、80℃の温水中に90時間放置した。温水中からチューブを回収し、デジタルマイクロスコープを用いて、チューブの断面を観察した。チューブの断面画像を図1~3に示す。
図4に示すように、比較例3および実施例1で作製したチューブの片末端を熱により溶封し、チューブ21内に52mlの35質量%塩酸を入れ、もう一方のチューブ末端も溶封した。塩酸の入ったチューブ21をガラス管22に挿入し、フッ素ゴム製のパッキン23を用いて固定した。ついで、サンプリング口24から純水を110ml仕込み、25℃の恒温槽内においた。このときパッキン23間のチューブが純水に接液しており、接液部分の長さは18.5cmであった。この状態で放置し、サンプリング口24から1mlほどサンプリングを行い、その純水中に含まれる塩素イオン濃度Y(ppm)をイオンクロマトグラフ(商品名:IC7000-E、横河電気社製)を用いて定量し、下記式を用いて、塩酸透過係数(X)(ng・cm/cm2/days)を算出した。
式:X=[(β×膜厚)/断面積]/(8.64×107)
β(単位:μg/秒):Tに対しαをプロットすることにより描かれる透過カーブのうち、150~250日間(T=150~250)の透過カーブの接線の傾き
α:透過総量(単位:μg)=Y×W
Y:塩素イオン濃度(単位:ppm)
W:純水量(単位:ml)
T:透過開始(塩酸を二層チューブに投入した時点)からサンプリングまでの経過時間(単位:秒)
膜厚:チューブの肉厚(単位:cm、1.58mm(0.158cm))
断面積:図4に示す実験装置において、二層チューブと純水とが接している部分の面積(単位:cm2)
比較例3:20ng・cm/cm2/days
実施例1:7ng・cm/cm2/days
Claims (13)
- 内層(A)と、内層(A)上に直接設けられた外層(B)と、を備える二層チューブであって、
内層(A)が、テトラフルオロエチレン単位およびパーフルオロ(プロピルビニルエーテル)単位を含有する共重合体(a)を含有しており、
外層(B)が、クロロトリフルオロエチレン単位を少なくとも含有する重合体(b)を含有しており、
共重合体(a)の380℃で1時間加熱処理した後の重量減少率が、0.05質量%以下であり、
内層(A)の厚さと外層(B)の厚さとの比((A)/(B))が、30.0/70.0~67.0/33.0である
二層チューブ。 - 内層(A)および外層(B)の合計の厚さが、1.3mm以上である請求項1に記載の二層チューブ。
- 内層(A)および外層(B)の合計の厚さが、1.56~1.64mmである請求項1または2に記載の二層チューブ。
- 共重合体(a)中のパーフルオロ(プロピルビニルエーテル)単位の含有量が、共重合体(a)を構成する全単量体単位に対して、4.0~6.5質量%である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の二層チューブ。
- 共重合体(a)の融点が、295~308℃である請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の二層チューブ。
- 重合体(b)が、クロロトリフルオロエチレン単位、テトラフルオロエチレン単位およびこれらと共重合可能な単量体(α)に由来する単量体(α)単位を含む共重合体である請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の二層チューブ。
- 重合体(b)が、クロロトリフルオロエチレン単位、テトラフルオロエチレン単位およびパーフルオロ(アルキルビニルエーテル)単位を含む共重合体である請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の二層チューブ。
- 共重合体(a)のゼロシェア粘度が、2.00×104Pa・S以上である請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の二層チューブ。
- 共重合体(a)のMIT値が、260万回以上である請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の二層チューブ。
- 塩酸、フッ酸、硝酸および硫酸からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の酸を含有する酸水溶液を封入し、室温下で150日間以上放置した後の内層(A)に、長さが10μm以上のクラックが存在しない請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の二層チューブ。
- 35質量%塩酸を封入し、80℃の温水中に90時間放置した後の内層(A)に、長さが10μm以上のクラックが存在しない請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の二層チューブ。
- 共重合体(a)が、テトラフルオロエチレンおよびパーフルオロ(プロピルビニルエーテル)と共重合可能な単量体に由来する他の単量体単位を含有していてもよく、共重合体(a)中のパーフルオロ(プロピルビニルエーテル)単位の含有量が、共重合体(a)を構成する全単量体単位に対して、4.0~6.5質量%であり、共重合体(a)中のテトラフルオロエチレン単位の含有量が、共重合体(a)を構成する全単量体単位に対して、93.5~96.0質量%であり、共重合体(a)中の他の単量体単位の含有量が、共重合体(a)を構成する全単量体単位に対して、0~1.5質量%であり、
重合体(b)が、クロロトリフルオロエチレン単位、テトラフルオロエチレン単位およびパーフルオロ(アルキルビニルエーテル)単位を含む共重合体であって、各単量体の含有割合(クロロトリフルオロエチレン単位/テトラフルオロエチレン単位/パーフルオロ(アルキルビニルエーテル)単位(モル%))が、(15.0~24.9)/(75.0~84.9)/(0.1~10.0)であり、
内層(A)および外層(B)の合計の厚さが、1.56~1.64mmであり、
内層(A)の厚さと外層(B)の厚さとの比((A)/(B))が、60.0/40.0~67.0/33.0である
請求項1~11のいずれかに記載の二層チューブ。 - 請求項1~12のいずれかに記載の二層チューブの製造方法であって、
共重合体(a)に200~280℃の熱風を6時間以上吹き付ける熱処理を行った後、得られる共重合体(a)と重合体(b)とを積層して、二層チューブを得る製造方法。
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