WO2024203672A1 - 樹脂組成物、これを用いた成形品及びサポート材材料 - Google Patents

樹脂組成物、これを用いた成形品及びサポート材材料 Download PDF

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WO2024203672A1
WO2024203672A1 PCT/JP2024/010895 JP2024010895W WO2024203672A1 WO 2024203672 A1 WO2024203672 A1 WO 2024203672A1 JP 2024010895 W JP2024010895 W JP 2024010895W WO 2024203672 A1 WO2024203672 A1 WO 2024203672A1
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Prior art keywords
resin composition
aliphatic
group
polyester
acid
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PCT/JP2024/010895
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
紀人 酒井
純己 福田
広大 上田
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
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Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
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Priority to JP2025510612A priority Critical patent/JPWO2024203672A1/ja
Priority to CN202480018063.1A priority patent/CN120981521A/zh
Priority to EP24779795.4A priority patent/EP4692224A1/en
Publication of WO2024203672A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024203672A1/ja
Priority to US19/303,791 priority patent/US20250382490A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D129/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Coating compositions based on hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D129/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
    • C09D129/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L29/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
    • C08L29/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/40—Structures for supporting 3D objects during manufacture and intended to be sacrificed after completion thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2029/00—Use of polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylethers, polyvinylaldehydes, polyvinylketones or polyvinylketals or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2029/04—PVOH, i.e. polyvinyl alcohol
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/0088—Blends of polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
    • B29K2995/0059—Degradable
    • B29K2995/006—Bio-degradable, e.g. bioabsorbable, bioresorbable or bioerodible
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F216/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical
    • C08F216/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an alcohol radical
    • C08F216/04—Acyclic compounds
    • C08F216/06—Polyvinyl alcohol ; Vinyl alcohol
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/16—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/16—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/18—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds the acids or hydroxy compounds containing carbocyclic rings
    • C08G63/181—Acids containing aromatic rings
    • C08G63/183—Terephthalic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a resin composition that is highly water-soluble and biodegradable.
  • the present invention also relates to a melt-molded product and a support material that use the resin composition.
  • Polyvinyl alcohol resins have excellent water solubility due to their molecular structure that contains many hydroxyl groups.
  • One application that takes advantage of the excellent water solubility of PVA resins is as a support material for the production of three-dimensional structures by additive manufacturing.
  • Additive manufacturing is a method for creating a three-dimensional structure having a predetermined structure, in which a constituent material of the three-dimensional structure (model material) is extruded in a fluid state, and further model material is layered on a stage or on a solidified material to create the three-dimensional structure.
  • a support structure that acts as a base to support the upper layer or a complementary structure that virtually fills the hollow portion is additively manufactured together with the three-dimensional structure to be produced (model material).
  • support structures are unnecessary for the desired three-dimensional structure, they must be removed after modeling.
  • a water-soluble PVA-based resin is used as the material for the support structures (support material)
  • the support structures can be dissolved and removed by simply washing the resulting layered object with water, and the desired three-dimensional structure can be obtained.
  • PVA-based resins are hard and have poor impact resistance, and are not easily molten into filaments. When used as a support material for additive manufacturing, it is necessary to provide a filament with flexibility.
  • a thermoplastic elastomer such as styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS) (for example, WO 2018/061694 (Patent Document 1) and JP 2019-155917 (Patent Document 2)).
  • the resin composition is a mixture of thermoplastic elastomer and PVA-based resin. Because the thermoplastic elastomer is water-insoluble, the waste liquid (aqueous solution of PVA-based resin) that is generated after dissolving it in water is in a suspension state with the water-insoluble thermoplastic elastomer dispersed therein. Because the thermoplastic elastomer is not biodegradable, separate waste disposal is required.
  • JP 2018-99788 A proposes using a biodegradable polyester instead of SEBS, which is not biodegradable. Specifically, it is a composition containing a PVA-based resin containing 1,2-diol in the side chain and a biodegradable polyester, and can be used as a support material.
  • Patent Document 3 has improved water solubility, agglomerates of the biodegradable polyester are generated in the wastewater generated after removal by rinsing with water, and may remain attached to the surface of the molded object, so there is still room for improvement in its use as a support material.
  • Patent Document 4 proposes a resin composition that does not have problems with aggregates and can be drained as is.
  • the resin composition is a support material that uses a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin that has sulfonic acid groups or salt-containing groups with excellent water solubility as a PVA-based resin.
  • Patent Document 4 it is confirmed (Examples) that a composition (support material) containing 43 parts of polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) as a biodegradable polyester per 100 parts of sulfonic acid-modified PVA-based resin had excellent adhesion to model materials and excellent water solubility, and that no aggregates were generated in the waste liquid after washing.
  • PBAT polybutylene adipate terephthalate
  • This resin composition has also been confirmed to have excellent adhesive properties with various model materials such as polylactic acid (PLA), ABS resin, and polyamide (PA).
  • the resin compositions that can be used as support materials as described above can also be used as materials for melt-molded products.
  • materials for melt-molded products with the recent rise in green chemistry, disposable water-soluble, highly biodegradable molded products are being considered as alternatives to plastic materials.
  • the present invention was made in consideration of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to provide a resin composition that is water-soluble and biodegradable, can be used as a support material and even as a molded product material, and has excellent biodegradability, and can be discharged and disposed of in the outside world without any special treatment of wastewater generated when disposing of molded products or dissolving them in water.
  • Japan As a member of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Japan must meet the biodegradability requirements set by the OECD in order to be able to discharge and dispose of wastewater and molded products without any special treatment.
  • OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
  • the material must be recognized as readily degradable (60% or more biodegradable within a specified period of time under conditions specified by the test) in tests established by the OECD.
  • the support material disclosed in the examples of Patent Document 2 did not reach 60% in the biodegradability test.
  • the inventors investigated combinations of acid-modified PVA-based resins, which have excellent water solubility, with various biodegradable resins, and discovered a combination that meets the requirements of water solubility, biodegradability, and melt moldability, and also has satisfactory strength, flexibility, and adhesion (shapeability) to various model materials so that it can be used as a support material, thereby completing the present invention.
  • the resin composition of the present invention may have the following aspects.
  • polyvinyl alcohol-based resin (A) is a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin containing 0.5 to 3 mol % of structural units represented by the following formula (3-1), (3-2), or (3-3) as sulfonic acid groups or salt-containing groups thereof.
  • the present invention also includes a melt-molded article comprising any one of the resin compositions described above in [1] to [8]. That is, the melt-molded article of the present invention is a melt-molded article comprising any one of the resin compositions described above in [1] to [8], and preferably has a biodegradability of 60% or more as measured by OECD301F.
  • the form of the melt-molded article of the present invention is not particularly limited, but a preferred form is a filament.
  • the present invention also includes a support material containing the resin composition described in any one of [1] to [8] above.
  • the resin composition of the present invention has excellent water solubility and biodegradability, and meets the requirements for easy decomposition set by the OECD, so it can be used as a disposable molding material. Furthermore, when the resin composition of the present invention is used as a support material for additive manufacturing, it has excellent modeling properties (modeling complementation of the model material, filament delivery properties) and excellent water solubility, so that wastewater generated when the support structure part is washed away with water after additive manufacturing can be discharged without any special treatment.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the measurement method performed in the examples.
  • the resin composition of the present invention contains a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin (A) having an acid-modified group and a biodegradable polyester (B) having a specific structure. Each component will be described below.
  • (A) Polyvinyl alcohol resin having an acid-modified group examples of the acid-modified group used in the (A) polyvinyl alcohol resin having an acid-modified group used in the resin composition of the present invention include, for example, a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, a maleic acid group, an itaconic acid group, an acrylic acid group, a methacrylic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a phosphonic acid group, an amino group, and salts thereof.
  • a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof is preferred because it is possible to obtain a modified PVA-based resin having excellent heat resistance and water solubility.
  • the PVA-based resin having a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof will be described in detail below.
  • the (A-1) PVA-based resin having a sulfonic acid group or salt-containing group thereof refers to a PVA-based resin having a vinyl alcohol unit represented by the following formula (1), which is a basic structural unit of the PVA-based resin, and, in the case where the degree of saponification is less than 100%, a vinyl ester unit represented by the following formula (2) which corresponds to an unsaponified portion, as well as a structural unit having a sulfonic acid group or a salt-containing group thereof, which is represented by the following formula (3-1), (3-2) or (3-3), in a side chain.
  • the vinyl alcohol unit represented by the formula (1) and the vinyl ester unit represented by the formula (2) are derived from a vinyl ester compound used as a raw material monomer for PVA-based resins.
  • vinyl ester compounds used as the vinyl ester monomer include vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl valerate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl isobutyrate, vinyl pivalate, vinyl caprate, vinyl laurate, vinyl stearate, vinyl benzoate, and vinyl versatate. From the viewpoint of economy, vinyl acetate is preferably used.
  • R a is an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, depending on the vinyl ester compound used as a raw material for synthesizing the PVA-based resin.
  • R a is preferably a methyl group
  • a preferred vinyl ester unit is a vinyl acetate unit represented by the following formula (2a):
  • R c may be hydrogen, an alkyl group, a sulfonic acid group or a salt-containing group thereof ("-SO 3 M" (M is hydrogen, an alkali metal or an ammonium group)), or a group containing -SO 3 M.
  • the structural unit having a sulfonic acid group or a salt-containing group thereof of the formula (3-1) is formed by using an unsaturated monomer having a sulfonic acid group or a salt-containing group thereof (hereinafter referred to as a "sulfonic acid group-containing unsaturated monomer") such as the following olefin sulfonic acid (4-1), sulfoalkyl (meth)acrylamide (4-2) or (4-3), or sulfoalkyl (meth)acrylate (4-4).
  • a sulfonic acid group-containing unsaturated monomer such as the following olefin sulfonic acid (4-1), sulfoalkyl (meth)acrylamide (4-2) or (4-3), or sulfoalkyl (meth)acrylate (4-4).
  • the intervening groups X and Y are an alkylene group (-(CH 2 ) n -), an ester bond (-COO-), a carbonyl bond (-CO-), an amide bond, or a combination thereof, depending on the type of sulfonic acid group-containing unsaturated monomer used.
  • R 11 , R 12 , R 13 and R 14 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, n represents an integer of 2 to 4, and M represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal or an ammonium group.
  • the structural unit having a sulfonic acid group or a salt-containing group of the formula (3-2) can be formed, for example, by using the sulfoalkyl maleate shown below as an unsaturated monomer containing a sulfonic acid group or the like.
  • n is an integer from 2 to 4
  • M represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, or an ammonium group.
  • the structural unit having a sulfonic acid group or a salt-containing group thereof of formula (3-3) can be formed, for example, by using the following sulfoalkyl(meth)acrylamide as the unsaturated monomer containing a sulfonic acid group or the like.
  • R 15 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
  • n is an integer of 2 to 4
  • M is a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, or an ammonium group.
  • olefin sulfonic acid examples include olefin sulfonic acids such as vinyl sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, and methallyl sulfonic acid, and salts thereof.
  • sulfoalkyl maleate examples include sodium sulfopropyl-2-ethylhexyl maleate, sodium sulfopropyl-2-ethylhexyl maleate, sodium sulfopropyl tridecyl maleate, and sodium sulfopropyl eicosyl maleate.
  • sulfoalkyl(meth)acrylamide examples include sodium sulfomethylacrylamide, sodium sulfo-t-butylacrylamide, sodium sulfo-S-butylacrylamide, and sodium sulfo-t-butylmethacrylamide.
  • specific examples of the above-mentioned sulfoalkyl (meth)acrylate include, for example, sodium sulfoethyl acrylate, etc.
  • sulfoalkyl (meth)acrylate is introduced by copolymerization, among the above-mentioned sulfonic acid group-containing unsaturated monomers, olefin sulfonic acid or a salt thereof is preferably used.
  • the degree of saponification (measured according to JIS K 6726) of the PVA-based resin having sulfonic acid groups or salt-containing groups (A-1) used in the present invention is preferably 75 to 99 mol%, more preferably 80 to 95 mol%, and even more preferably 85 to 90 mol%. If the degree of saponification is too low, there is a risk of reduced heat resistance (excessive flexibility), and if it is too high, water solubility tends to decrease.
  • the average degree of polymerization of the (A-1) PVA-based resin having a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof is preferably 150 to 4,000, more preferably 250 to 1,000, and even more preferably 300 to 500. If the average degree of polymerization is too low, the melt viscosity tends to be low, and the strength of melt-molded products such as filaments tends to be insufficient. In addition, when used as a support material, it tends to be prone to sagging during additive manufacturing, and filament-shaped support material materials tend to be prone to breaking during molding.
  • the content (modification rate) of structural units having a sulfonic acid group or a salt-containing group thereof in (A-1) PVA-based resin having a sulfonic acid group or a salt-containing group thereof is preferably 0.01 to 10 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 5 mol%, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 3 mol%. If the modification rate is too low, the charge of the resin tends to decrease and the protective colloid properties tend to decrease. This causes a decrease in compatibility with (B) the biodegradable polyester. If the modification rate is too high, the heat resistance of the support material tends to decrease and synthesis of the PVA-based resin having a sulfonic acid group or a salt-containing group thereof tends to become difficult.
  • (A-1) PVA-based resin having a sulfonic acid group or a salt-containing group thereof can be produced by (1) a method of copolymerizing a vinyl ester-based monomer and an unsaturated monomer having a sulfonic acid group or the like, followed by saponification, (2) a method of polymerizing a vinyl ester-based monomer and a compound having a functional group, such as an alcohol, an aldehyde or a thiol, having a sulfonic acid group or a salt-containing group thereof, in the presence of a chain transfer agent, followed by saponification, (3) a method of treating a PVA-based resin with bromine, iodine or the like, followed by heating in an acidic aqueous solution of sodium sulfite, (4) a method of heating a PVA-based resin in a concentrated aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, or (5) a method of acetalizing a PVA-based resin with an alde
  • the PVA-based resin having a sulfonic acid group or a salt-containing group thereof that is the subject of the present invention may be copolymerized with the following monomers (other monomers) in the range of 1 mol % or less in addition to the above-mentioned vinyl ester monomers and oxyalkylene group-donating vinyl monomers.
  • Examples of other monomers include olefins such as ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, ⁇ -octene, ⁇ -dodecene, and ⁇ -octadecene; hydroxyl group-containing ⁇ -olefins such as 3-buten-1-ol, 4-penten-1-ol, 5-hexen-1-ol, and 3,4-dihydroxy-1-butene, as well as derivatives thereof such as acylated products; unsaturated acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid, and undecylenic acid, as well as salts, monoesters, or dialkyl esters thereof; nitriles such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile; acrylamide, Examples include amides such as methacrylamide; olefin sulfonic acids such as ethylene sulfonic acid, allyl sulf
  • the method for copolymerizing the vinyl ester monomer with the above-mentioned unsaturated monomer containing a sulfonic acid group or the like, and further with other monomers added as necessary, is not particularly limited, and any known method such as bulk polymerization, solution polymerization, suspension polymerization, dispersion polymerization, or emulsion polymerization can be used, but solution polymerization is usually carried out.
  • the method of feeding the monomer components during copolymerization is not particularly limited, and any method such as batch feeding, divided feeding, continuous feeding, etc. may be used.
  • Solvents used in such copolymerization usually include lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-propanol, and butanol, and ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, and industrially, alcohols having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, particularly methanol, are preferably used.
  • a polymerization catalyst is used in the copolymerization, and examples of such a polymerization catalyst include known radical polymerization catalysts such as azobisisobutyronitrile, acetyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, and lauryl peroxide, and low-temperature active radical polymerization catalysts such as azobisdimethylvaleronitrile and azobismethoxydimethylvaleronitrile.
  • the amount of the polymerization catalyst used varies depending on the type of catalyst and cannot be generally determined, but is selected arbitrarily depending on the polymerization rate.
  • the amount is preferably 0.01 to 1.0 mol %, particularly preferably 0.02 to 0.5 mol %, based on the vinyl ester monomer.
  • the reaction temperature for the copolymerization reaction is from 30°C to the boiling point depending on the solvent and pressure used, more specifically, from 35 to 150°C, preferably from 40 to 75°C.
  • the copolymer thus obtained is then saponified by dissolving the copolymer thus obtained in an alcohol or a water-containing alcohol and using an alkali catalyst or an acid catalyst.
  • the alcohol include lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, and tert-butanol, among which alcohols having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, particularly methanol, are preferably used.
  • the concentration of the copolymer in the alcohol is appropriately selected depending on the viscosity of the system, but is usually selected from the range of 10 to 60 mass %.
  • Examples of the catalyst used for saponification include alkali catalysts such as hydroxides and alcoholates of alkali metals such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methylate, sodium ethylate, potassium methylate, and lithium methylate; and acid catalysts such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, metasulfonic acid, zeolite, and cation exchange resin.
  • alkali catalysts such as hydroxides and alcoholates of alkali metals such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methylate, sodium ethylate, potassium methylate, and lithium methylate
  • acid catalysts such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, metasulfonic acid, zeolite, and cation exchange resin.
  • the amount of the saponification catalyst used is appropriately selected depending on the saponification method, the desired degree of saponification, etc., but when an alkali catalyst is used, the appropriate amount is usually 0.1 to 30 mmol, preferably 2 to 15 mmol, per mol of the total amount of the vinyl ester monomer and the unsaturated monomer containing a sulfonic acid group or the like.
  • the reaction temperature for the saponification reaction is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 60° C. (particularly, 20 to 50° C.).
  • (A-1) a PVA-based resin having a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof is obtained.
  • the PVA-based resin having a sulfonic acid group or a salt-containing group thereof obtained as described above usually contains sodium acetate as a by-product during synthesis.
  • the (B) biodegradable polyester used in the present invention comprises a combination of (B1) an aliphatic polyester containing an aliphatic diol unit and an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid unit; and (B2) an aromatic-aliphatic polyester containing an aliphatic diol unit, an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid unit, and an aromatic dicarboxylic acid unit, and the mixing ratio (B1/B2) of the aliphatic polyester (B1) to the aromatic-aliphatic polyester (B2) is 61/39 to 99/1.
  • (B1) Aliphatic polyester containing aliphatic diol units and aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units
  • the aliphatic polyester corresponding to (B1) refers to a polyester containing an aliphatic diol unit represented by the formula (11) and an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid unit represented by the formula (12) as essential constituents and substantially not containing an aromatic structural unit.
  • p is an integer of 2 to 10, preferably 2 to 6.
  • q is an integer from 2 to 10.
  • the aliphatic diol derived from formula (11) usually has 2 to 10 carbon atoms, such as ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol. Among these, diols having 2 to 4 carbon atoms are preferred, with ethylene glycol and 1,4-butanediol being more preferred, and 1,4-butanediol being particularly preferred.
  • the aliphatic diol unit constituting the unit is not limited to one type, and may contain two or more types.
  • Aliphatic dicarboxylic acids derived from formula (12) include succinic acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, and dodecanedioic acid.
  • the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid constituting the compound is not limited to one type, and may contain two or more types.
  • aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units When two or more kinds of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units are contained, it is preferable to contain a combination of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid in which q is 4 to 6 and an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid in which q is less than 4 (e.g., succinic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, etc.), and among these, it is preferable to have both an adipic acid unit and a succinic acid unit.
  • an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid in which q is 4 to 6 an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid in which q is less than 4
  • succinic acid e.g., succinic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, etc.
  • aliphatic polyesters containing less than 4 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units in a range of 50 to 95 mol %, preferably 60 to 90 mol %, and more preferably 65 to 85 mol %, based on the total aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units, tend to have high moldability and mechanical strength.
  • units derived from hydroxycarboxylic acid represented by the following formula (14) may be included within a range that does not impair biodegradability (for example, 20 mol % or less, preferably 10 mol % or less).
  • r is an integer of 1 to 10, preferably 2 to 8, and more preferably 4 to 6.
  • hydroxycarboxylic acids derived from the formula (14) include 4-hydroxybutyric acid, 5-hydroxyvaleric acid, 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid, glycolic acid, and lactic acid.
  • aliphatic polyester (B1) used in the present invention examples include polybutylene succinate (PBS), polybutylene succinate adipate (PBSA), and polyethylene succinate adipate (PESA).
  • PBS polybutylene succinate
  • PBSA polybutylene succinate adipate
  • PESA polyethylene succinate adipate
  • Commercially available products may be used, such as Bionolle 3000 manufactured by Showa Polymer Co., Ltd., BioPBS FD92PM (product name of polybutylene succinate adipate) manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, polyethylene succinate, and "GS-PLA” manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, which is mainly composed of a condensation polymer of succinic acid/1,4-butanediol/lactic acid.
  • the weight-average molecular weight of the aliphatic polyester (B1) is usually 10,000 to 500,000, preferably 15,000 to 400,000, and particularly preferably 20,000 to 300,000. If the weight-average molecular weight is too large, the strength of the molded product such as the filament and the shaped support structure tends to decrease, and the dissolution homogeneity in water tends to decrease when the product is washed away with water.
  • Aliphatic polyesters having the above structure tend to have excellent water solubility and biodegradability, depending on the type of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid they contain, but it tends to be difficult to ensure strength and adhesion to model materials.
  • (B2) Aromatic-Aliphatic Polyester (B2) is an aromatic-aliphatic polyester that contains, in addition to the aliphatic diol unit represented by the above formula (11) and the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid unit represented by the formula (12) having a main chain carbon number (q) of 2 or more, an aromatic dicarboxylic acid unit represented by the formula (13).
  • Ar represents an aromatic ring.
  • the aromatic dicarboxylic acid derived from formula (13) include terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, among which terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid are preferred, and terephthalic acid is particularly preferred.
  • examples of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid include aromatic dicarboxylic acids in which a part of the aromatic ring is substituted with a sulfonate salt.
  • the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid unit contained in the aromatic-aliphatic polyester (B2) has the above formula (12) in which the number of carbon atoms constituting the main chain, q, is an integer of 2 to 10, preferably 4 to 6.
  • Examples of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids derived from formula (12) include succinic acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, and dodecanedioic acid.
  • the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid constituting the structural unit is not limited to one type, and may contain two or more types. Of these, adipic acid is preferably used.
  • the content of aromatic dicarboxylic acid units is preferably 5 mol% to 95 mol% relative to 100 mol% of the total dicarboxylic acid units (the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units and the aromatic dicarboxylic acid units), from the viewpoint of the balance between heat resistance and biodegradability, more preferably 35 mol% to 65 mol%, and particularly preferably 40 mol% to 65 mol%.
  • aromatic-aliphatic polyester (B2) examples include polybutylene adipate terephthalate and polyethylene adipate terephthalate.
  • Commercially available products may be used, such as "Ecoflex” (trade name) manufactured by BASF, which contains a condensation polymer of adipic acid/terephthalic acid and 1,4-butanediol as its main component, Biomax (registered trademark) manufactured by DuPont, and EasterBio (registered trademark) manufactured by Eastman Chemical Company.
  • the aromatic-aliphatic polyester (B2) described above has excellent strength in molded products and excellent adhesion to various model materials, although this depends on the type and content ratio of the constituent aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units and aromatic dicarboxylic acid units.
  • the time to complete dissolution tends to be longer than that of the aliphatic polyester (B1). It also tends to be inferior in biodegradability to other biodegradable resins.
  • the weight average molecular weight of (B2) the aromatic-aliphatic polyester is usually 10,000 to 400,000, preferably 15,000 to 300,000, and particularly preferably 20,000 to 200,000. If the weight average molecular weight is too large, the fluidity decreases, and when used as a support material, precision modeling tends to decrease. On the other hand, if the weight average molecular weight is too small, the flexibility decreases, and the filament tends to break easily when made into a filament.
  • aliphatic polyester (B1) having the above structural units can increase biodegradability, depending on the type of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid contained, since aliphatic polyesters generally have a relatively low degree of crystallinity and are susceptible to enzymatic decomposition. However, if the crystallinity is too low, the polyester is prone to softening and the tensile strength at high temperatures is reduced, so that its use as a melt-molded product tends to be limited.
  • the filamentous support material softens before being introduced into the nozzle, which is likely to cause a feed failure, and as a result, the additive manufacturing may be interrupted. Feed failure due to softening of the filamentous support material tends to occur easily, especially in 3D printers in which the chamber temperature is set to a high temperature.
  • aromatic-aliphatic polyesters (B2) containing aromatic dicarboxylic acid units generally have a high degree of crystallinity, higher tensile strength at high temperatures than aliphatic polyesters, and tend to have excellent adhesion to model materials such as ABS, although this depends on the type of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units contained and the content ratio of aromatic dicarboxylic acid units to aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units.
  • model materials such as ABS
  • the resin composition of the present invention uses a mixture of an aliphatic polyester (B1) and an aromatic polyester (B2) as a biodegradable resin, and thereby it is possible to ensure flexibility, moldability, and biodegradability without impairing the water solubility of the acid-modified PVA-based resin.
  • the mixing ratio (B1/B2) of the aliphatic polyester (B1) and the aromatic polyester (B2) is preferably 61/39 to 99/1, more preferably 65/35 to 98/2, even more preferably 70/30 to 95/5, and particularly preferably 75/25 to 90/10, by weight.
  • the content of aliphatic diol units in the biodegradable resin (B) is preferably 60 to 99 mol%, more preferably 70 to 98.5 mol%, and even more preferably 85 to 97 mol%. By keeping it in this range, it is possible to achieve both good biodegradability and moldability.
  • biodegradable resin such as polylactic acid or polylactone
  • aliphatic polyester B1
  • the melt flow rate (MFR) of the biodegradable polyester (B) is usually 1.0 g/10 min or more, preferably 2.0 g/10 min or more, most preferably 3.0 g/10 min or more, and the upper limit is usually 6.0 g/10 min or less, preferably 5.0 g/10 min or less, and more preferably 4.0 g/10 min or less, when measured at 190° C. and under a load of 2.16 kg.
  • the MFR is less than 1.0 g/10 min, the fluidity during melting is poor, and therefore a good morphology as an island structure cannot be formed between the PVA-based resin and the resin composition during the melt-kneading process of the resin composition, and the strength of the resulting melt-molded product and support material tends to decrease.
  • the MFR is more than 6.0 g/10 min, the island parts of the finely dispersed biodegradable polyester (B) in the morphology of the resin composition prepared by melt-kneading tend to be too small, and the flexibility of the filament and support material tends to decrease.
  • the total content of the aliphatic polyester (B1) and the aromatic-aliphatic polyester (B2) is preferably 15 to 70 parts by weight, more preferably 20 to 60 parts by weight, and even more preferably 30 to 50 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol-based resin (A). If the content of the biodegradable polyester (B) is too high, water solubility tends to decrease, and cleaning and removal workability after additive manufacturing decreases.
  • biodegradable polyester (B) if the total content of biodegradable polyester (B) is too low, the affinity with the modeling material tends to decrease, which in turn causes a decrease in modeling ability. In addition, the flexibility of the support material decreases, making the filament-like support material used in modeling more likely to break.
  • the support material preferably contains 12 to 55 parts by weight of the aliphatic polyester (B1) per 100 parts by weight of the PVA-based resin (A), more preferably 20 to 50 parts by weight, even more preferably 28 to 45 parts by weight, and particularly preferably 30 to 40 parts by weight. If the content of the aliphatic polyester (B1) is too low, the flexibility of the filament as the support material decreases, the filament becomes more likely to break during modeling, and the adhesion to the layered object during layered modeling tends to decrease. On the other hand, if the content of the aliphatic polyester (B1) is too high, the water solubility of the support material decreases, and the time required for the water washing and removal work increases.
  • the content of aromatic-aliphatic polyester (B2) in the support material per 100 parts by weight of PVA-based resin (A) is preferably 1 to 20 parts by weight, more preferably 2 to 15 parts by weight, and even more preferably 3 to 10 parts by weight. If the content ratio of (B2) is too low, the filament becomes overly flexible, the heat resistance during modeling decreases, and the filament's feedability decreases. Also, if the content ratio of (B2) is too high, biodegradability tends to be insufficient.
  • the PVA-based resin contained in the resin composition of the present invention may contain a PVA-based resin that is not modified with an acid, such as an unmodified PVA-based resin or another modified PVA-based resin, within a range that does not impair the compatibility with the biodegradable polyester (B) (specifically, 30% by weight or less, preferably 10% by weight or less of the total PVA-based resin).
  • the biodegradable polyester contained in the resin composition of the present invention may contain biodegradable polyesters not classified as (B1) or (B2) or other biodegradable polymers, as long as the amount is within a range that does not impair biodegradability and moldability (specifically, 10% by weight or less, preferably 5% by weight or less of the biodegradable polyester (B)).
  • biodegradable polymers such as synthetic biodegradable polymers, such as polycaprolactone and polylactic acid; natural polymers, such as modified starch and cellulose starch.
  • the resin composition of the present invention may contain a filler as appropriate depending on the required properties of the molded product. It is preferable to use a biodegradable substance or a natural product as the filler.
  • biodegradable fillers include starch, cellulose, and other biodegradable plastics, and examples of natural products include talc, silica, calcium carbonate, and montmorillonite.
  • the average particle size of such a filler is usually 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 30 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 10 to 20 ⁇ m.
  • the average particle size referred to here refers to a particle size D50 measured by a laser diffraction method.
  • the filler content varies depending on the application.
  • the filler content in the support material is preferably 0.3 to 40% by weight, more preferably 2 to 30% by weight, and particularly preferably 5 to 10% by weight. If the content is too low, the effect of containing the filler tends not to be obtained, and if the content is too high, the surface smoothness of the support structure obtained when used as a support material tends to decrease, or the strength tends to decrease.
  • the resin composition of the present invention may be appropriately blended with known additives such as plasticizers, antioxidants, colorants, antistatic agents, UV absorbers, lubricants, and other thermoplastic resins.
  • additives such as plasticizers, antioxidants, colorants, antistatic agents, UV absorbers, lubricants, and other thermoplastic resins.
  • the content of these additives is preferably 20% by weight or less, more preferably 10% by weight or less, even more preferably 1% by weight or less, and particularly preferably 0.5% by weight or less, and it is also preferable to use environmentally friendly (eco-friendly) additives such as biodegradable or bio-based materials.
  • the resin composition of the present invention having the above-mentioned composition can be made into various forms such as powder, pellets, films, filaments, and molded bodies, and various forms can be adopted depending on the application.
  • the support material of the present invention comprises the resin composition of the present invention.
  • the form of the support material is not particularly limited. Similar to the form of the resin composition, pellets, films, etc. are possible, but filaments are preferred.
  • the filament-shaped support material can be provided by melt-kneading the resin composition using a single-screw extruder, extruding it into a filament shape, and then cooling and winding it onto a reel.
  • the resin composition of the present invention is flexible and strong, so it can be suitably used as a support material for applications that require stable delivery over long periods of time, such as 3D printers, where the filament is fed out.
  • the pellet-like composition obtained by melt-kneading in a twin-screw extruder is heated, melt-kneaded in a single-screw extruder, extruded from a single-hole or multi-hole strand die into filaments with a diameter of 1.5 to 3.0 mm, cooled and solidified by air cooling, and then wound up on a reel for provision.
  • Such filamentous support materials are convenient because they can be fed from the head together with the model material during additive manufacturing.
  • Filamentous support materials are required to have sufficient flexibility and toughness to avoid breakage during the reel winding process, sufficient rigidity to allow the filament to be sent to the head without delay in tracking the moving nozzle or stage during additive manufacturing, and the rigidity to allow the filament to be sent to the head without delay even when the chamber temperature is set to a relatively high temperature, and the support material of the present invention is able to satisfy these requirements.
  • the support material of the present invention has a biodegradability of 60% or more, which is determined to be readily biodegradable, according to the evaluation method defined in OECD 301F. Therefore, the aqueous solution of the support material, which is a waste liquid generated by the cleaning process for removing the support structure from the layered object, falls under the category of a biodegradable substance. Therefore, even in the case of recent strict requirements for wastewater treatment after additive manufacturing, it is possible to discharge the wastewater generated by washing and removing with water.
  • laminated object refers to an laminated object obtained when laminate-forming a three-dimensional structure (model material) having a desired shape, and is an integral structure of a support structure and a model material.
  • the method for producing a three-dimensional structure (model material) having a desired shape using the support material of the present invention includes the steps of: laminating and solidifying the filaments of the support material for additive manufacturing and the model material of the present invention in a softened and molten state to produce an additively manufactured object; and bringing the additively manufactured object into contact with water.
  • Constituent materials (thermoplastic resins) of model materials to which the support material of the present invention can be applied include polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), polyamide (PA), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), glycol modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), wood-filled composite materials, metal-filled composite materials, carbon fiber-filled composite materials, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), thermoplastic elastomers (TPE), thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU), polyolefins, polypropylene (PP), acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA), polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polystyrene (PS), polyoxymethylene (POM), and mixtures thereof.
  • PLA polylactic acid
  • PA acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer
  • PC polyamide
  • the additive manufacturing device for carrying out the step of producing the additive manufacturing object may be a fusion deposition modeling type additive manufacturing device having a plurality of heads capable of extruding the model material and the support material in a filament shape, for example, a dual-head type FDM additive manufacturing device such as Create manufactured by Flashforge, Eagled manufactured by Rays Enterprises, MBot Grid II manufactured by 3D Systems, NJB-200W manufactured by Ninjabot, and EVO manufactured by Airwolf. Strands or filaments of model material and support material are fed to separate heads of the additive manufacturing device, heated and melted in the heads, and layered in sequence to form a desired shape.
  • a fusion deposition modeling type additive manufacturing device having a plurality of heads capable of extruding the model material and the support material in a filament shape
  • a dual-head type FDM additive manufacturing device such as Create manufactured by Flashforge, Eagled manufactured by Rays Enterprises, MBot Grid II manufactured by 3D Systems, NJB-200W manufactured by Ninjabot, and EVO manufactured by Airwolf
  • the temperature of the head is selected appropriately depending on the melting point and softening point of the model material and support material used, and is usually 150 to 300°C.
  • extrusion is performed at a pressure of 200 to 1000 psi, and the layer pitch is usually 0.04 to 0.2 mm.
  • melt-extruded supporting material and modeling material are successively cooled and solidified, and newly melt-extruded supporting material and modeling material are layered on top and solidified to form an additive object containing the desired modeling material.
  • the filaments melted and softened by the nozzle head are sequentially sent out onto the stage, and are sequentially layered based on the designed shape.
  • the filaments of the support material are melted by being pressed into the high-temperature nozzle moving in the X, Y, and Z directions, and the molten resin is supplied from the nozzle hole to the stage and the pre-layered resin part by layer coating.
  • the nozzle movement speed (modeling speed) and modeling accuracy it is necessary to send out the filament from the reel and layer it while keeping the filament diameter constant.
  • the support material of the present invention has improved biodegradability without excessively lowering its melting point or softening temperature, so it can also meet the requirements for modeling ability based on adhesion to the model material and modeling ability based on filament feed stability.
  • the step of bringing the layered object into contact with water is a step of washing and removing the support structure from the layered object in which the layered support structure and the model material structure are integrated.
  • the method of washing and removing the support structure with water may involve immersion in water or warm water in a container, or rinsing with running water. When immersing, stirring or ultrasonic waves may be applied to shorten the removal time.
  • the water temperature is preferably about 25 to 80°C.
  • water or warm water in an amount of about 10 to 10,000 times the weight of the support structure is used.
  • the resin composition of the present invention can clear the OECD 301F solubility standard, it is easily biodegradable not only in wastewater (PVA-based resin aqueous solution) generated in processes such as washing with water, but also in molded products. Therefore, it can be disposed of (discharged) as it is without any special separation treatment. Therefore, it can be used as a support material that can be preferably washed with running water using a relatively large amount of water (warm water) as a washing and removal method, as well as a molded product material for single-use or disposable food containers and packaging containers that do not require long-term durability.
  • the present invention also includes melt molded articles made from molded article materials that include the resin compositions of the present invention.
  • the resin composition of the present invention can be used as a melt molding material, and the resulting molded products also have appropriate strength, flexibility and heat resistance.
  • the filament of the present invention is a representative example of the above-mentioned melt-molded product, and includes a filament containing the resin composition of the present invention.
  • the filament can be manufactured by the above-mentioned method for manufacturing the filamentary support material.
  • Degree of Polymerization It is expressed as a number-average degree of polymerization calculated from the viscosity (mPa ⁇ s) of a 4% aqueous solution at 20° C. measured in accordance with JIS K6726.
  • the filamentous support material obtained above was set on the nozzle head (220° C.) of an FDM type dual head 3D printer (EVO manufactured by Airwolf3D), and the printer was operated for 5 hours.
  • the abnormal occurrence temperature was the chamber temperature setting when the filament stopped being drawn out while the printer was in operation. If the filament softens too much, the filament cannot be fed against the inside of the high-temperature nozzle, melted, and the filament feeding force cannot be generated to eject the molten resin, so the molten resin cannot be ejected from the nozzle, and as a result, additive manufacturing cannot be performed.
  • the printer was operated as described above with chamber temperatures set to 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, and 65°C, and the temperature at which an abnormality occurred was checked. If normal output was possible even at 65°C, the measured value was recorded as ">65°C.”
  • Modeling ability adheresion to modeling materials
  • Fig. 1 is a modeled object (support structure) made of the supporting material
  • 2 is an L-shaped model material molded with the model material
  • 3 is a stage.
  • the nozzle head temperature for the model material was set to 235°C, and the nozzle head temperature for the support material was set to 210°C.
  • the platform (stage) temperature was set to 80°C.
  • the temperature inside the chamber was set to 65°C.
  • the laminated object was evaluated according to the following criteria, based on the molding state of the created laminated object, and the adhesive strength between the support structure and the model structure on the ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ surfaces of the laminated object (whether or not they can be peeled off by hand).
  • the ⁇ surface is the surface where the model material 2 is layered on the object 1 made of the support material
  • the ⁇ surface is the surface where the support structure 1 is layered on the molded model material 2
  • the ⁇ surface is the contact surface between the stage 3 and the support material 1.
  • Acid-modified PVA-based resin Two types of acid-modified PVA-based resins having the following properties were used.
  • S-PVA1 Saponification degree 87.3 mol%
  • Number average degree of polymerization 385
  • Biodegradable resin The following biodegradable resins were used. Polybutylene succinate adipate (PBSA (Mitsubishi Chemical's Bio-PBS), melting point 84°C), succinic acid unit content of all aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units is 74% Polybutylene succinate (PBS (Mitsubishi Chemical's Bio-PBS), melting point 115°C) Polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT (BASF Ecoflex C1200), melting point 120°C), dicarboxylic acid unit content of terephthalic acid unit is 47% ⁇ Polylactic acid (PLA) Ingeo Biopolymer "4032D” ⁇ Polycaprolactone (PCL) Ingevity's "Capa (registered trademark) 6800"
  • PPA Polylactic acid
  • PCL Polycaprolactone
  • Resin composition No. 1-7 A blend of 100 parts of the sulfonic acid-modified PVA-based resin 1 or 2 produced above and 42.9 parts by weight of a biodegradable resin shown in Table 1 was fed to a twin-screw extruder to obtain a pellet-shaped composition. The pellets were melt-kneaded using the single-screw extruder described below, extruded into a filament having a diameter of 2.85 mm, air-cooled on a belt, and wound on a reel to obtain a filament.
  • the resin compositions No. 1-7 prepared above were evaluated for filament delivery stability, moldability, water solubility, and biodegradability based on the above measurement and evaluation methods. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • No. 6 is a case where it is combined with polycaprolactone, which has excellent biodegradability. It has excellent water solubility and biodegradability, but the filament feedability and modeling properties are poor.
  • No. 5 is a case where only aliphatic polyester (B1) is used as the biodegradable resin. As with polycaprolactone, it showed excellent water solubility and biodegradability. Although the filament feedability and modeling properties were improved compared to when polycaprolactone was used, it was overly flexible, and when the chamber temperature became too high, abnormal filament feed occurred, making modeling impossible. It was not at a satisfactory level as a support material.
  • the B1/B2 ratio was set within the range of 61/39 to 99/1 (Nos. 1 and 2), and all of the filament payout properties, formability, water solubility, and biodegradability were satisfied.
  • No. 7 and No. 1 differ in that the type of biodegradable resin used in combination with the biodegradable polyester (B2) containing aromatic dicarboxylic acid units is aliphatic polyester (B1) in No. 1, whereas polylactic acid in No. 7.
  • the content of aromatic-aliphatic polyester (B2) in the biodegradable resin is the same, but the improvement in moldability is insufficient, and more surprisingly, the biodegradability is lower than that of No. 4. In Nos.
  • the resin composition of the present invention is excellent in water solubility and biodegradability, and has strength, flexibility, and excellent adhesion to other molded product materials. Therefore, it can be suitably used as a molded product material that can be disposed of alone, or as a support material for additive manufacturing.
  • a support material for additive manufacturing When used as a support material for additive manufacturing, it has excellent moldability, can be removed by washing with water after additive manufacturing, and the wastewater generated by the water washing and removal process corresponds to a readily decomposable substance according to the OECD standard, so it can be discharged without any special treatment. Therefore, it is useful for the production of a three-dimensional structure that is easy to wash and remove after additive manufacturing, and to treat the wastewater after washing and removal.

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