WO2024083106A1 - 一种小体积高转速机械扩孔与无尘作业钻机 - Google Patents

一种小体积高转速机械扩孔与无尘作业钻机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024083106A1
WO2024083106A1 PCT/CN2023/124897 CN2023124897W WO2024083106A1 WO 2024083106 A1 WO2024083106 A1 WO 2024083106A1 CN 2023124897 W CN2023124897 W CN 2023124897W WO 2024083106 A1 WO2024083106 A1 WO 2024083106A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
dust
small
reaming
frame
drilling rig
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/124897
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
蒋静宇
陈钢
黄文涛
刘益
Original Assignee
江苏中煤矿山设备有限公司
中国矿业大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 江苏中煤矿山设备有限公司, 中国矿业大学 filed Critical 江苏中煤矿山设备有限公司
Priority to US18/611,649 priority Critical patent/US20240229580A1/en
Publication of WO2024083106A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024083106A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
    • E21B19/24—Guiding or centralising devices for drilling rods or pipes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B15/00—Supports for the drilling machine, e.g. derricks or masts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
    • E21B19/08—Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables; Apparatus for increasing or decreasing the pressure on the drilling tool; Apparatus for counterbalancing the weight of the rods
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
    • E21B19/08—Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables; Apparatus for increasing or decreasing the pressure on the drilling tool; Apparatus for counterbalancing the weight of the rods
    • E21B19/086—Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables; Apparatus for increasing or decreasing the pressure on the drilling tool; Apparatus for counterbalancing the weight of the rods with a fluid-actuated cylinder
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
    • E21B19/14—Racks, ramps, troughs or bins, for holding the lengths of rod singly or connected; Handling between storage place and borehole
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/01—Arrangements for handling drilling fluids or cuttings outside the borehole, e.g. mud boxes
    • E21B21/011—Dust eliminating or dust removing while drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/01—Arrangements for handling drilling fluids or cuttings outside the borehole, e.g. mud boxes
    • E21B21/015—Means engaging the bore entrance, e.g. hoods for collecting dust
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B3/00—Rotary drilling
    • E21B3/02—Surface drives for rotary drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/02—Drilling rigs characterised by means for land transport with their own drive, e.g. skid mounting or wheel mounting
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/046—Directional drilling horizontal drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/20—Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of coal mine drilling rigs, and in particular to a small-volume, high-speed mechanical hole enlarging and dust-free operation drilling rig.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and provide a small-volume, high-speed mechanical hole reaming and dust-free operation drilling rig that runs smoothly and operates efficiently.
  • a small-volume, high-speed mechanical hole reaming and dust-free operation drilling rig comprising a mainframe body, a working mechanism, a harmonic reduction device, an inserter, a pumping and releasing pipe pressurizing device, a dust collecting device, a crawler walking device, a drill rod frame and an electric pump conversion box, crawler walking devices are fixed on both sides of the mainframe body, the crawler walking devices are in contact with the ground and are used to move the mainframe body; a working mechanism is arranged above the mainframe body, and an electric pump conversion box is arranged above the mainframe body; the mainframe body comprises a mainframe frame, a mounting plate is arranged on the mainframe frame, the mounting plate is connected to the working mechanism via a rotary reduction device, an electric pump conversion box is arranged on one side of the working mechanism, and the drill rod frame is connected in front of the mounting plate;
  • the working mechanism includes a slide assembly, a sliding guide rod, a propulsion cylinder and a power head.
  • the slide assembly is provided with a propulsion cylinder and a compensation cylinder in parallel.
  • the propulsion cylinder is connected to the sliding guide rod, and the compensation cylinder is connected to the compensation slide rail.
  • the outer wall of the propulsion cylinder is provided with a sprocket chain, and the chain is connected to the compensation cylinder.
  • the sliding guide rod is provided with a power head, and the power head clamps the drill rod through a connector.
  • the slide assembly is also provided with an inserter and a pumping pipe presser, and the inserter, the pumping pipe presser and the power head are on the same horizontal line.
  • the compensating slide rail is connected to the vertical rotary reducer, and the vertical rotary reducer is connected to the harmonic reducer;
  • the harmonic reducer includes a supporting and positioning column, a rack and a harmonic reducer, the supporting and positioning column is arranged on a mounting plate, a flat key type rack is arranged on the outer wall of the supporting and positioning column, the flat key type rack is connected to the harmonic reducer, one side of the harmonic reducer is connected to the vertical rotary reducer through a supporting plate, and the bottom of the harmonic reducer is connected to the horizontal rotary reducer.
  • the inserter includes a shell, both ends of the shell are provided with shaft sleeves respectively, and are fixed to the slide assembly through connecting parts, the top surface of the shell is provided with a pressure plate, the top of the pressure plate is provided with a plug-in sleeve, the plug-in sleeve is provided with a plug-in plate that can be pulled in and out, the top end of the plug-in plate is connected to a connecting rod through a pin shaft, the connecting rod is connected to a plug-in cylinder, and the plug-in cylinder is set on the pressure plate through a pin shaft.
  • a semicircular notch is provided at the bottom end of the plug board.
  • the pumping pipe pressurizer includes a left shell and a right shell, the bottom ends of the left shell and the right shell are hinged on the bottom plate, and a front support frame is provided at the front end respectively, and the front support frame is connected to the slide assembly; a driving wheel and a driven wheel are provided in the left shell, and the driving wheel and the driven wheel are connected by a transmission chain, the driving wheel is connected to the hydraulic motor, and two driven wheels are provided in the right shell.
  • a tension spring is provided at the front end and the bottom end of the left shell and the right shell respectively, and the opening angle can be adjusted to be suitable for drill rods of different sizes.
  • a dust collecting device is provided at the drill bit of the drill rod, and the dust collecting device includes a collecting bucket, a dust collecting hood, a flexible conveyor and a conveying motor.
  • the dust collecting hood includes an integrated transverse tube and a horn cover below the transverse tube. One end of the transverse tube of the dust collecting hood is sleeved on the drill rod, and the other end is connected to the collecting bucket.
  • the horn cover of the dust collecting hood is connected to the conveying motor through a flexible conveyor.
  • both ends of the transverse tube of the dust collecting hood are respectively provided with a circle of annular brushes.
  • a negative pressure extraction hole is provided on the dust collecting hood.
  • the drill rod frame includes multiple support plates, which form a cube frame with an open side.
  • a latch is provided on the top of the support plates on both sides of the open side respectively.
  • the drill rod frame is buckled on the front end of the mounting plate through the latch to achieve buckle-type disassembly.
  • the power head is a high-speed power head.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the drilling rig of the present invention is small in size, light in weight, compact in structure, simple in operation and convenient in maintenance; it can adapt to narrow construction spaces, thereby quickly completing construction operations, greatly improving the operating efficiency of the drilling rig in narrow spaces.
  • the present invention drives the drill rod to a high speed through a high-speed power head, with a maximum drilling speed of 660rpm and a maximum torque of 1300N.m, thus overcoming the problems of low hole formation rate and low drilling efficiency in the drilling process of soft and protruding coal seams; on the other hand, the high speed brings instability.
  • the present invention uses a harmonic reducer to drive the gear rack to achieve vertical up and down movement, which is safer and more reliable, and runs more smoothly, solving the shaking and instability problems caused by high-speed drilling rigs.
  • the drill rod propulsion frame of the present invention is provided with an inserter and a pumping and releasing pipe presser. The inserter achieves an anti-bias effect, so that the rotation of the drill rod is stable and reliable.
  • the casing of the pumping and releasing pipe presser is pressed down by the active wheel and the driven wheel, and the active wheel drives the casing to move forward to realize the pipe delivery operation.
  • the casing is separated from the pipe feeder and automatically resets due to weightlessness, further stabilizing the drill rod.
  • the present invention realizes dust-free operation through the dust collection device, and collects dust through the cooperation of the dust collection hood and the collection bucket, thereby minimizing the harm of dust to human body and environment.
  • FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a front view of the dust collecting device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the harmonic reduction device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a top view of the harmonic reduction gear of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a drill rod frame of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the support inserter of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the operating principle of the support inserter of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the pumping tube pressure feeder of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a front view of the pumping tube pressurizer of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the pumping tube pressurizer of the present invention.
  • Mainframe 1 mounting plate 1.1, working mechanism 2, carriage assembly 2.1, sliding guide rod 2.2, thrust cylinder 2.3, power head 2.4, harmonic reducer 3, support and positioning column 3.1, rack 3.2, harmonic reducer 3.3, inserter 4, housing 4.1, pressure plate 4.2, plug-in sleeve 4.3, plug-in plate 4.4, connecting rod 4.5, plug-in cylinder 4.6, extraction pipe presser 5, left housing 5.1, right housing 5.2, driving wheel 5.3, Transmission chain 5.4, hydraulic motor 5.5, driven wheel 5.6, tension spring 5.7, front support frame 5.8, bottom plate 5.9, dust collecting device 6, collecting bucket 6.1, dust collecting cover 6.2, annular brush 6.3, flexible conveyor 6.4, conveying motor 6.5, horizontal rotary reducer 7.1, vertical rotary reducer 7.2, crawler walking device 8, drill rod frame 9, support plate 9.1, latch 9.2, electric pump conversion box 10, inspection wiring window 10.1.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a small-volume, high-speed mechanical hole reaming and dust-free operation drilling rig.
  • a small-volume, high-speed mechanical hole reaming and dust-free operation drilling rig of the present invention comprises a main body 1, a working mechanism 2, a harmonic reduction device 3, an inserter 4, a pumping pipe press 5, a dust collecting device 6, a crawler walking device 8, a drill rod frame 9 and an electric pump conversion box 10.
  • Crawler walking devices 8 are fixed on both sides of the main body 1, and the crawler walking devices 8 are in contact with the ground and are used to move the main body 1; a working mechanism 2 is provided above the main body 1, and the working mechanism 2 is used to propel the drill rod, and the drill rod frame 9 is used to store the drill rod; an electric pump conversion box 10 is provided above the main body 1.
  • the main machine body 1 includes a main machine frame, on which a mounting plate 1.1 is provided.
  • the mounting plate 1.1 is connected to a working mechanism 2 via a rotary reduction device.
  • An electric pump conversion box 10 is provided on one side of the working mechanism 2.
  • the front of the mounting plate 1.1 is connected to a drill rod frame 9.
  • the working mechanism 2 includes a slide assembly 2.1, a sliding guide rod 2.2, a propulsion cylinder 2.3 and a power head 2.4.
  • the propulsion cylinder 2.3 and the compensation cylinder are arranged in parallel on the slide assembly 2.1.
  • the propulsion cylinder 2.3 is connected to the sliding guide rod 2.2, and the compensation cylinder is connected to the compensation slide rail;
  • the outer wall of the propulsion cylinder 2.3 is provided with a sprocket chain, and the chain is connected to the compensation cylinder;
  • the sliding guide rod 2.2 is provided with a power head 2.4, and the power head 2.4 clamps the drill pipe through a connector.
  • the slide assembly 2.1 is also provided with an inserter 4 and a pumping pipe press 5, and the inserter 4, the pumping pipe press 5 and the power head 2.4 are on the same horizontal line.
  • the power head 2.4 adopts a high-speed power head with a maximum drilling speed of 660rpm and a maximum torque of 1300N.m.
  • the compensating slide rail is connected to the vertical rotary reducer 7.2, and the vertical rotary reducer 7.2 is connected to the harmonic reduction device 3.
  • the stroke multiplication mechanism of the propulsion cylinder 2.3 and the chain combination enables the power assembly to move forward and backward quickly, so as to load and unload the drill rod and realize the drilling and retreat of the drill rod.
  • the compensation cylinder plays a compensating role when drilling holes in the same horizontal or vertical position.
  • the harmonic reduction device 3 includes a supporting and positioning column 3.1, a rack 3.2 and a harmonic reducer 3.3.
  • the supporting and positioning column 3.1 is arranged on the mounting plate 1.1.
  • the outer wall of the supporting and positioning column 3.1 is provided with a flat key type rack 3.2, and the flat key type rack 3.2 is connected to the harmonic reducer 3.3.
  • One side of the harmonic reducer 3.3 is connected to the vertical rotary reducer 7.2 through the supporting plate, and the lower part of the harmonic reducer 3.3 is connected to the horizontal rotary reducer 7.1.
  • the inserter 4 includes a shell 4.1, and both ends of the shell 4.1 are provided with shaft sleeves respectively, which are fixed to the slide assembly 2.1 through connecting parts.
  • the top surface of the shell 4.1 is provided with a pressure plate 4.2, and a plug-in sleeve 4.3 is provided above the pressure plate 4.2.
  • the plug-in sleeve 4.3 is cylindrical and fixed by a hexagonal flat-end set screw.
  • a plug-in plate 4.4 that can be pulled in and out is provided in the plug-in sleeve 4.3.
  • a semicircular recess is provided at the bottom end of the plug-in plate 4.4, and the top end is connected to a connecting rod 4.5 through a pin shaft.
  • the connecting rod 4.5 is connected to a plug-in cylinder 4.6, and the plug-in cylinder 4.6 is provided on the pressure plate 4.2 through a pin shaft.
  • the pumping pipe pressurizer 5 comprises a left shell 5.1 and a right shell 5.2.
  • the bottom ends of the left shell 5.1 and the right shell 5.2 are hinged on the bottom plate 5.9, and a front support frame 5.8 is respectively provided at the front end, and the front support frame 5.8 is fixed by inserting the shaft sleeve of the inserter 4;
  • a driving wheel 5.3 and a driven wheel 5.6 are provided in the left shell 5.1, and the output shafts of the driving wheel 5.3 and the driven wheel 5.6 are connected by a transmission chain 5.4, and the driving wheel 5.3 is connected to the hydraulic motor 5.5, and the driving wheel 5.3 is driven by the hydraulic motor 5.5 to drive the driven wheel 5.6 to drive, and two driven wheels 5.6 are provided in the right shell 5.2 for rolling transmission.
  • the driving wheel 5.3 on the left drives the casing forward, and the driven wheel on the right is driven to roll by the transmission force to reduce friction;
  • a tension spring 5.7 is respectively provided at the front end and the bottom end of the left housing 5.1 and the right housing 5.2, and the opening angle can be adjusted to be suitable for drill rods of different sizes.
  • a dust collecting device 6 is provided at the drill bit of the drill rod, and the dust collecting device 6 comprises a collecting bucket 6.1, a dust collecting cover 6.2, a flexible conveyor 6.4 and a conveying motor 6.5.
  • the dust collecting cover 6.2 comprises an integrated transverse tube and a horn cover below the transverse tube. One end of the transverse tube of the dust collecting cover 6.2 is sleeved on the drill rod, and the other end is connected to the collecting bucket 6.1.
  • the horn cover of the dust collecting cover 6.2 is connected to the conveying motor 6.5 through the flexible conveyor 6.4.
  • a ring of brushes 6.3 are respectively provided at both ends of the transverse tube of the dust collecting cover 6.2;
  • the dust collecting cover 6.2 is provided with a negative pressure extraction hole.
  • the crawler walking device 8 includes a left crawler walking part and a right crawler walking part symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main frame 1.1.
  • the left side of the main frame 1.1 is connected to the left crawler walking part through a left crawler connecting frame, and the right side is connected to the right crawler walking part through a right crawler connecting frame;
  • the left crawler walking part includes a sealed crawler assembly, a guide wheel, a sprocket, a track frame, a tensioning buffer device and five supporting rollers.
  • the sealed crawler assembly includes a combined sealed crawler chain made of high-strength alloy steel.
  • the crawler chain is mounted on the sprockets and guide wheels arranged at the front and rear.
  • the guide wheel is connected to the crawler frame, and a tensioning buffer device is provided on the crawler frame.
  • Five supporting rollers are connected to the bottom of the crawler frame.
  • the sprocket is connected to the travel motor, and the sprocket is driven by the travel motor to realize the travel of the crawler chain.
  • the drill rod frame 9 includes a plurality of support plates 9.1, which form a cube frame with an open edge.
  • a latch 9.2 is provided on the top of the support plates 9.1 on both sides of the open edge.
  • the drill rod frame 9 is buckled on the front end of the mounting plate 1.1 through the latch 9.2 to achieve buckle-type disassembly.
  • the top surface of the electric pump conversion box 10 is provided with a wiring inspection window 10.1.
  • a rotary reducer is added to the lower part of the harmonic reducer to achieve horizontal all-round rotation, which is suitable for multi-directional exploration and drilling operations. It can basically achieve all-round drilling when combined with the vertical rotary reducer.
  • the hydraulic cylinder lifting is replaced by a harmonic reducer to drive the gear rack to achieve vertical up and down movement.
  • the original hydraulic self-locking is replaced by a harmonic reducer mechanical self-locking, which is safer and more reliable, and the position can still be fixed if the oil pipe leaks; the hydraulic cylinder has a certain jitter due to the compressibility of the hydraulic oil, and the gear rack moves up and down more smoothly; the cylinder lifting is limited by the cylinder stroke, while the rack range of the harmonic reducer can be increased or decreased arbitrarily without limiting the stroke.

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Abstract

本发明涉及的一种小体积高转速机械扩孔与无尘作业钻机，它包括主机机体、工作机构、谐波减速装置、插扶器、抽放管压送器、集尘装置、履带行走装置、钻杆框和电泵转换箱，所述主机机体的两侧固定有履带行走装置；所述主机机体的上方设有工作机构，所述主机机体的上方设置电泵转换箱；所述主机机体包括主机机架，所述主机机架上设有一块安装板，安装板上通过回转减速装置连接工作机构，工作机构的一侧设置电泵转换箱，所述安装板的前方连接钻杆框；所述工作机构连接垂直回转减速器，所述垂直回转减速器连接谐波减速装置。本发明采用谐波减速器带动齿轮齿条，实现垂直上下移动，运行更加平稳，解决了高转速钻机带来的抖动和不平稳问题。

Description

一种小体积高转速机械扩孔与无尘作业钻机 技术领域
本发明涉及煤矿钻机技术领域，尤其涉及一种小体积高转速机械扩孔与无尘作业钻机。
 背景技术
随着经济的发展，对坚硬煤层的开发与利用有过度的趋势，具体体现在坚硬煤层日益减少，以及开采的深度逐渐增加等方面，这都给开发与利用增加了难度。我国松软煤层分布较多，约占煤炭总产量的42％，因此对煤炭资源的开发与利用逐渐转向松软煤层。在生产实践中发现，坚硬煤层因其结构完整，并且煤层瓦斯含量较少，在施工本煤层瓦斯抽采钻孔时，进尺速度快，成孔率较高。所以，在设计坚硬煤层钻机时，均以“大扭矩低转速”为主；因为坚硬煤层相对较硬，结构完整，较大的扭矩不仅能满足孔底破碎，而且能快速成孔，对转速的要求并不是很高。而目前的行业形势在向松软煤层方向发展，以“大扭矩低转速”为设计思想的钻机并不能很好的适用于松软煤层本煤层瓦斯抽采钻孔的施工，“高转速大功率”更适合松软煤层本煤层瓦斯抽采钻孔的施工。
并且，在矿山巷道掘进作业中，传统的锚杆钻车体积较大，整机外形较大，机体宽度较宽，在狭窄的矿山巷道中运转不灵活，适应性较差，很难与掘进机错车交替进行作业，在定向钻孔、施工移动、摆动过程中，它的稳定性、灵活性大大降低，增加了施工作业时间。
而高转速的钻机在钻孔时产生的灰尘量更多且快速产生，如果不采取保护措施，任由这些粉尘漂浮在空气当中，而目前的钻车大都缺乏有效的装置来防止粉尘扩散，不仅会对现场施工人员的身体造成危害，也会导致遮挡操作人员对工作环境的视线、无法实时勘察避免危急情况，并且对环境造成很大的污染。
因此亟需一种小体积高转速机械扩孔与无尘作业钻机。
 发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述不足，提供一种小体积高转速机械扩孔与无尘作业钻机，运行平稳，高效作业。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：
一种小体积高转速机械扩孔与无尘作业钻机，它包括主机机体、工作机构、谐波减速装置、插扶器、抽放管压送器、集尘装置、履带行走装置、钻杆框和电泵转换箱，所述主机机体的两侧固定有履带行走装置，履带行走装置与地面接触，用于移动主机机体；所述主机机体的上方设有工作机构，所述主机机体的上方设置电泵转换箱；所述主机机体包括主机机架，所述主机机架上设有一块安装板，安装板上通过回转减速装置连接工作机构，工作机构的一侧设置电泵转换箱，所述安装板的前方连接钻杆框；
所述工作机构包括滑架总成、滑动导杆、推进油缸和动力头，所述滑架总成上平行设置推进油缸和补偿油缸，所述推进油缸连接滑动导杆，补偿油缸连接补偿滑轨；所述推进油缸的外壁设有链轮链条，链条连接补偿油缸；所述滑动导杆上设有动力头，所述动力头通过连接器夹持钻杆，所述滑架总成上还设有插扶器和抽放管压送器，所述插扶器、抽放管压送器与动力头在同一水平线；
所述补偿滑轨连接垂直回转减速器，所述垂直回转减速器连接谐波减速装置；所述谐波减速装置包括支撑定位立柱、齿条和谐波减速器，所述支撑定位立柱设置在安装板上，所述支撑定位立柱的外壁设有一条平键式齿条，平键式齿条上连接谐波减速器，所述谐波减速器的一侧通过支撑板连接垂直回转减速器，所述谐波减速器的下方连接水平回转减速器。
优选地，所述插扶器包括壳体，所述壳体的两端设有分别设有轴套，通过连接件固定在滑架总成上，所述壳体的顶面设有压板，压板的上方设有插接套，所述插接套内设有可抽插出入的插板，所述插板的顶端通过销轴连接连杆，所述连杆连接插拔油缸，所述插拔油缸通过销轴设置在压板上。
优选地，所述插板的底端设置一个半圆形凹口。
优选地，所述抽放管压送器包括左壳体和右壳体，左壳体和右壳体的底端均铰接在底板上，前端分别设有一个前支撑架，所述前支撑架连接滑架总成；所述左壳体内设有一个主动轮和一个从动轮，所述主动轮和一个从动轮通过传动链条连接，所述主动轮连接液压马达，所述右壳体内设有两个从动轮。 
优选地，所述左壳体和右壳体的前端和底端分别设有一个涨紧弹簧，可调节张开角度适用于不同尺寸的钻杆。
优选地，所述钻杆的钻头处设有集尘装置，所述集尘装置包括收集桶、集尘罩、柔性输送器和输送马达，所述集尘罩包括一体的横向管和横向管下方的喇叭罩，所述集尘罩的横向管的一端套设在钻杆上，另一端连接收集桶，所述集尘罩的喇叭罩通过柔性输送器连接输送马达。
优选地，所述集尘罩的横向管的两端分别设有一圈环形刷。
优选地，所述集尘罩上设有负压抽放孔。
优选地，所述钻杆框包括多根支撑板，多根支撑板组成一个边开口的正方体框，开口边的两侧的支撑板的顶部分别设有一个插销，所述钻杆框通过插销插扣在安装板的前端，实现插扣式拆卸。
优选地，所述动力头采用高速动力头。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
（1）本发明的钻机体积小，重量轻，结构紧凑，操作简单，维护方便；可适应狭窄的施工空间，从而可以快速完成施工作业，大大提高了钻机在狭窄空间中的作业效率。
（2）本发明通过高速动力头驱动钻杆达到高转速，最高钻速660rpm，最大扭矩可达到1300N.m，从而克服了松软突出煤层钻进过程成孔率低、钻机效率不高的问题；另一方面高转速带来的不稳定问题，本发明采用谐波减速器带动齿轮齿条，实现垂直上下移动，更安全可靠，运行更加平稳，解决了高转速钻机带来的抖动和不平稳问题。并且，本发明的钻杆推进架上设置插扶器和抽放管压送器，插扶器达到防偏效果，使得钻杆旋转稳定可靠，抽放管压送器的套管下压主动轮与从动轮合紧，主动轮带动套管向前运动实现送管作业，套管脱离送管器，失重自动复位，进一步稳定钻杆。
（3）本发明通过集尘装置实现了无尘化作业，通过集尘罩和收集桶配合收集粉尘，将粉尘对人体与环境的危害降至最低。
 附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图2为本发明的主视图。
图3为本发明的俯视图。
图4为本发明的集尘装置的主视图。
图5为本发明的谐波减速装置的结构示意图。
图6为本发明的谐波减速装置的俯视图。
图7为本发明的钻杆框的结构示意图。
图8为本发明的插扶器的结构示意图。
图9为本发明的插扶器的动作原理示意图。
图10为本发明的抽放管压送器的结构示意图。
图11为本发明的抽放管压送器的主视图。
图12为本发明的抽放管压送器的剖视图。
其中：
主机机体1、安装板1.1、工作机构2、滑架总成2.1、滑动导杆2.2、推进油缸2.3、动力头2.4、谐波减速装置3、支撑定位立柱3.1、齿条3.2、谐波减速器3.3、插扶器4、壳体4.1、压板4.2、插接套4.3、插板4.4、连杆4.5、插拔油缸4.6、抽放管压送器5、左壳体5.1、右壳体5.2、主动轮5.3、传动链条5.4、液压马达5.5、从动轮5.6、涨紧弹簧5.7、前支撑架5.8、底板5.9、集尘装置6、收集桶6.1、集尘罩6.2、环形刷6.3、柔性输送器6.4、输送马达6.5、水平回转减速器7.1、垂直回转减速器7.2、履带行走装置8、钻杆框9、支撑板9.1、插销9.2、电泵转换箱10、检查接线窗口10.1。
 实施方式
为更好地理解本发明的技术方案，以下将结合相关图示作详细说明。应理解，以下具体实施例并非用以限制本发明的技术方案的具体实施态样，其仅为本发明技术方案可采用的实施态样。需先说明，本文关于各组件位置关系的表述，如A部件位于B部件上方，其系基于图示中各组件相对位置的表述，并非用以限制各组件的实际位置关系。
实施例1
参见图1-图12，图1绘制了一种小体积高转速机械扩孔与无尘作业钻机的结构示意图。如图所示，本发明的一种小体积高转速机械扩孔与无尘作业钻机，它包括主机机体1、工作机构2、谐波减速装置3、插扶器4、抽放管压送器5、集尘装置6、履带行走装置8、钻杆框9和电泵转换箱10，所述主机机体1的两侧固定有履带行走装置8，履带行走装置8与地面接触，用于移动主机机体1；所述主机机体1上方设有工作机构2，所述工作机构2用于推进钻杆，钻杆框9用于存储钻杆；所述主机机体1上方设置电泵转换箱10。
所述主机机体1包括主机机架，所述主机机架上设有一块安装板1.1，安装板1.1上通过回转减速装置连接工作机构2，工作机构2的一侧设置电泵转换箱10，所述安装板1.1的前方连接钻杆框9。
所述工作机构2包括滑架总成2.1、滑动导杆2.2、推进油缸2.3和动力头2.4，所述滑架总成2.1上平行设置推进油缸2.3和补偿油缸，所述推进油缸2.3连接滑动导杆2.2，补偿油缸连接补偿滑轨；所述推进油缸2.3的外壁设有链轮链条，链条连接补偿油缸；所述滑动导杆2.2上设有动力头2.4，所述动力头2.4通过连接器夹持钻杆，所述滑架总成2.1上还设有插扶器4和抽放管压送器5，所述插扶器4、抽放管压送器5与动力头2.4在同一水平线。
所述动力头2.4采用高速动力头，最高钻速660rpm，最大扭矩可达到1300N.m。
所述补偿滑轨连接垂直回转减速器7.2，所述垂直回转减速器7.2连接谐波减速装置3。
所述推进油缸2.3和链条组合的行程倍增机构的使动力组件能快速前后移动，以便装卸钻杆实现钻杆的钻进和后退，补偿油缸在钻同一水平位置或垂直位置孔时起补偿作用。
所述谐波减速装置3包括支撑定位立柱3.1、齿条3.2和谐波减速器3.3，所述支撑定位立柱3.1设置在安装板1.1上，所述支撑定位立柱3.1的外壁设有一条平键式齿条3.2，平键式齿条3.2上连接谐波减速器3.3，所述谐波减速器3.3的一侧通过支撑板连接垂直回转减速器7.2，所述谐波减速器3.3的下方连接水平回转减速器7.1。
所述插扶器4包括壳体4.1，所述壳体4.1的两端设有分别设有轴套，通过连接件固定在滑架总成2.1上，所述壳体4.1的顶面设有压板4.2，压板4.2上方设有插接套4.3，所述插接套4.3为圆柱体型，通过内六角平端紧定螺钉固定，所述插接套4.3内设有可抽插出入的插板4.4，所述插板4.4的底端设置一个半圆形凹口，顶端通过销轴连接连杆4.5，所述连杆4.5连接插拔油缸4.6，所述插拔油缸4.6通过销轴设置在压板4.2上。
所述抽放管压送器5包括左壳体5.1和右壳体5.2，左壳体5.1和右壳体5.2的底端均铰接在底板5.9上，前端分别设有一个前支撑架5.8，所述前支撑架5.8通过插入插扶器4的轴套固定；所述左壳体5.1内设有一个主动轮5.3和一个从动轮5.6，所述主动轮5.3和一个从动轮5.6的输出轴通过传动链条5.4连接，所述主动轮5.3连接液压马达5.5，通过液压马达5.5驱动主动轮5.3从而带动从动轮5.6传动，所述右壳体5.2内设有两个从动轮5.6，用于滚动传送，当钻杆通过时，左边的主动轮5.3带动套管前进，右边的从动轮被传送力带动滚动，减少摩擦；
所述左壳体5.1和右壳体5.2的前端和底端分别设有一个涨紧弹簧5.7，可调节张开角度适用于不同尺寸的钻杆。
所述钻杆的钻头处设有集尘装置6，所述集尘装置6包括收集桶6.1、集尘罩6.2、柔性输送器6.4和输送马达6.5，所述集尘罩6.2包括一体的横向管和横向管下方的喇叭罩，所述集尘罩6.2的横向管的一端套设在钻杆上，另一端连接收集桶6.1，所述集尘罩6.2的喇叭罩通过柔性输送器6.4连接输送马达6.5；
所述集尘罩6.2的横向管的两端分别设有一圈环形刷6.3；
所述集尘罩6.2上设有负压抽放孔。
所述履带行走装置8包括对称设置在主机机架1.1两侧的左履带行走部和右履带行走部，所述主机机架1.1的左侧通过左履带连接架连接左履带行走部，右侧通过右履带连接架连接右履带行走部；所述左履带行走部包括密封履带总成、一个引导轮、一个链轮、履带架、张紧缓冲装置和五个支重轮，密封履带总成包括由高强度合金钢制造的组合式密封履带链，履带链套设在前后设置的链轮和引导轮上，引导轮连接履带架，履带架上设有张紧缓冲装置，履带架的下方连接五个支重轮，所述链轮连接行走马达，通过行走马达驱动链轮，从而实现履带链的行走。
所述钻杆框9包括多根支撑板9.1，多根支撑板9.1组成一个边开口的正方体框，开口边的两侧的支撑板9.1顶部分别设有一个插销9.2，所述钻杆框9通过插销9.2插扣在安装板1.1的前端，实现插扣式拆卸。
所述电泵转换箱10的顶面设有一个检查接线窗口10.1。
工作原理：
谐波减速器的下部增加回转减速器实现水平全方位旋转，适用多方位勘探钻孔作业，与垂直方向回转减速器配合基本实现全方位钻孔。
液压油缸升降改用谐波减速器带动齿轮齿条，实现垂直上下移动，原先液压自锁改用谐波减速器机械自锁，更安全可靠，油管泄漏仍能位置固定；液压缸由于液压油可压缩性存在一定抖动，齿轮齿条移动上下移动更平稳；油缸升降受油缸行程限制范围，而谐波减速器的齿条范围可任意增减，不限制行程。
打钻时采用水汽联动钻孔，降低风尘，收集桶插入煤壁收集煤粉，内置环形刷清理煤粉并带有降尘作用，收集的煤封通过柔性输送器输送到指定位置集中处理，从而降低煤矿风尘。
以上仅是本发明的具体应用范例，对本发明的保护范围不构成任何限制。凡采用等同变换或者等效替换而形成的技术方案，均落在本发明权利保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种小体积高转速机械扩孔与无尘作业钻机，其特征在于：它包括主机机体（1）、工作机构（2）、谐波减速装置（3）、插扶器（4）、抽放管压送器（5）、集尘装置（6）、履带行走装置（8）、钻杆框（9）和电泵转换箱（10），所述主机机体（1）的两侧固定有履带行走装置（8），履带行走装置（8）与地面接触，用于移动主机机体（1）；所述主机机体（1）上方设有工作机构（2），所述主机机体（1）上方设置电泵转换箱（10）；所述主机机体（1）包括主机机架，所述主机机架上设有一块安装板（1.1），安装板（1.1）上通过回转减速装置连接工作机构（2），工作机构（2）的一侧设置电泵转换箱（10），所述安装板（1.1）的前方连接钻杆框（9）；
    所述工作机构（2）包括滑架总成（2.1）、滑动导杆（2.2）、推进油缸（2.3）和动力头（2.4），所述滑架总成（2.1）上平行设置推进油缸（2.3）和补偿油缸，所述推进油缸（2.3）连接滑动导杆（2.2），补偿油缸连接补偿滑轨；所述推进油缸（2.3）的外壁设有链轮链条，链条连接补偿油缸；所述滑动导杆（2.2）上设有动力头（2.4），所述动力头（2.4）通过连接器夹持钻杆，所述滑架总成（2.1）上还设有插扶器（4）和抽放管压送器（5），所述插扶器（4）、抽放管压送器（5）与动力头（2.4）在同一水平线；
    所述补偿滑轨连接垂直回转减速器（7.2），所述垂直回转减速器（7.2）连接谐波减速装置（3）；所述谐波减速装置（3）包括支撑定位立柱（3.1）、齿条（3.2）和谐波减速器（3.3），所述支撑定位立柱（3.1）设置在安装板（1.1）上，所述支撑定位立柱（3.1）的外壁设有一条平键式齿条（3.2），齿条（3.2）上连接谐波减速器（3.3），所述谐波减速器（3.3）的一侧通过支撑板连接垂直回转减速器（7.2），所述谐波减速器（3.3）的下方连接水平回转减速器（7.1）。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种小体积高转速机械扩孔与无尘作业钻机，其特征在于：所述插扶器（4）包括壳体（4.1），所述壳体（4.1）的两端设有分别设有轴套，通过连接件固定在滑架总成（2.1）上，所述壳体（4.1）的顶面设有压板（4.2），压板（4.2）上方设有插接套（4.3），所述插接套（4.3）内设有可抽插出入的插板（4.4），所述插板（4.4）的顶端通过销轴连接连杆（4.5），所述连杆（4.5）连接插拔油缸（4.6），所述插拔油缸（4.6）通过销轴设置在压板（4.2）上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种小体积高转速机械扩孔与无尘作业钻机，其特征在于：所述插板（4.4）的底端设置一个半圆形凹口。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种小体积高转速机械扩孔与无尘作业钻机，其特征在于：所述抽放管压送器（5）包括左壳体（5.1）和右壳体（5.2），左壳体（5.1）和右壳体（5.2）的底端均铰接在底板（5.9）上，前端分别设有一个前支撑架（5.8），所述前支撑架（5.8）连接滑架总成（2.1）；所述左壳体（5.1）内设有一个主动轮（5.3）和一个从动轮（5.6），所述主动轮（5.3）和一个从动轮（5.6）通过传动链条（5.4）连接，所述主动轮（5.3连接液压马达（5.5），所述右壳体（5.2）内设有两个从动轮（5.6）。 
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种小体积高转速机械扩孔与无尘作业钻机，其特征在于：所述左壳体（5.1）和右壳体（5.2）的前端和底端分别设有一个涨紧弹簧（5. 7），可调节张开角度适用于不同尺寸的钻杆。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种小体积高转速机械扩孔与无尘作业钻机，其特征在于：所述钻杆的钻头处设有集尘装置（6），所述集尘装置（6）包括收集桶（6.1）、集尘罩（6.2）、柔性输送器（6.4）和输送马达（6.5），所述集尘罩（6.2）包括一体的横向管和横向管下方的喇叭罩，所述集尘罩（6.2）的横向管的一端套设在钻杆上，另一端连接收集桶（6.1），所述集尘罩（6.2）的喇叭罩通过柔性输送器（6.4）连接输送马达（6.5）。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种小体积高转速机械扩孔与无尘作业钻机，其特征在于：所述集尘罩（6.2）的横向管的两端分别设有一圈环形刷（6.3）。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种小体积高转速机械扩孔与无尘作业钻机，其特征在于：所述集尘罩（6.2）上设有负压抽放孔。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种小体积高转速机械扩孔与无尘作业钻机，其特征在于：所述钻杆框（9）包括多根支撑板（9.1），多根支撑板（9.1）组成一个边开口的正方体框，开口边的两侧的支撑板（9.1）顶部分别设有一个插销（9.2），所述钻杆框（9）通过插销（9.2）插扣在安装板（1.1）的前端，实现插扣式拆卸。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种小体积高转速机械扩孔与无尘作业钻机，其特征在于：所述动力头（2.4）采用高速动力头。
PCT/CN2023/124897 2022-10-19 2023-10-17 一种小体积高转速机械扩孔与无尘作业钻机 WO2024083106A1 (zh)

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