WO2024047925A1 - 蓄電池、電池ユニット及び電池監視装置 - Google Patents
蓄電池、電池ユニット及び電池監視装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024047925A1 WO2024047925A1 PCT/JP2023/014875 JP2023014875W WO2024047925A1 WO 2024047925 A1 WO2024047925 A1 WO 2024047925A1 JP 2023014875 W JP2023014875 W JP 2023014875W WO 2024047925 A1 WO2024047925 A1 WO 2024047925A1
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- temperature
- storage battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/34—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using capacitative elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/26—Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
- G01R27/2617—Measuring dielectric properties, e.g. constants
- G01R27/2623—Measuring-systems or electronic circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/431—Inorganic material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the disclosure in this specification relates to a storage battery, a battery unit, and a battery monitoring device.
- Such technology includes, for example, an outer surface temperature detection section that detects the outer surface temperature of the storage battery, a current detection section that detects the charging/discharging current of the storage battery, and an internal resistance estimation section that estimates the internal resistance of the storage battery.
- a technique for estimating the internal temperature of a storage battery based on the external surface temperature, charging/discharging current, and internal resistance of the battery is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- temperature sensors are provided only in battery cells at specific positions (for example, both end positions and the center position) among all the battery cells, and the temperature of each temperature sensor is detected.
- a technique is known for estimating the temperature of a battery cell without a temperature sensor by linear interpolation of values.
- existing technology does not directly detect the internal temperature of the storage battery, but estimates the internal temperature using the detected value of the external surface temperature of the storage battery, so it is difficult to estimate the internal temperature from the inside of the storage battery to the external surface.
- a detection delay occurs due to the time required for transmission. Therefore, for example, when a temperature change occurs inside the storage battery, there is a concern that there may be a delay before the temperature change can be detected. For example, thermal runaway may occur in storage batteries due to some factors, and when thermal runaway occurs, it is desirable to take appropriate measures as soon as possible.
- the present disclosure has been made in view of the above circumstances, and aims to provide a storage battery, a battery unit, and a battery monitoring device that enable quick detection of internal temperature.
- Means 1 is A storage battery comprising a positive electrode layer, a negative electrode layer, and a separator provided between the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer, The separator includes a material whose dielectric constant changes depending on temperature.
- the separator is provided in a form that contains a substance whose dielectric constant changes depending on the temperature, so by measuring the dielectric constant or its correlation value, it is possible to detect the internal temperature of the storage battery. Become. In this case, for example, when a temperature change occurs inside the storage battery, the temperature change can be directly understood as a change in the dielectric constant inside the battery. As a result, it is possible to realize a storage battery that enables quick detection of internal temperature.
- a ferroelectric substance is used as the substance.
- the dielectric constant can be increased and the sensitivity of temperature detection can be improved.
- the separator melts when the inside of the battery reaches a predetermined melting temperature, and the material has a Curie temperature at which the dielectric constant reaches a maximum value at or near the melting temperature of the separator.
- a ferroelectric material is used.
- the processes that occur when thermal runaway occurs as the internal temperature rises include melting of the separator, thermal decomposition of the positive electrode, generation of internal gas, and thermal runaway in this order.
- the internal temperature of the storage battery rises and reaches or approaches the melting temperature of the separator, a sudden change in the dielectric constant of the storage battery (a sudden change in capacitor capacity) occurs.
- the sudden change in dielectric constant it is possible to quickly understand a situation where thermal runaway of the storage battery may occur.
- Means 4 includes a storage battery according to any one of Means 1 to 3, and a calculation unit that applies an AC signal to the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer and calculates the dielectric constant or capacitor capacity based on the response signal; A temperature monitoring section that monitors the internal temperature of the storage battery based on the dielectric constant or capacitor capacity calculated by the calculation section.
- the capacitance of the capacitor between the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer changes depending on the temperature.
- the electrochemical impedance measurement method AC impedance method
- an AC signal is applied to the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer to obtain the frequency characteristics of impedance, and based on the frequency characteristics of the impedance, the capacitor capacity of the storage battery is determined. can be calculated.
- it is possible to appropriately grasp the internal temperature of the storage battery by applying an AC signal to the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer, calculating the dielectric constant or capacitor capacity, and using the dielectric constant or capacitor capacity for battery monitoring. can.
- the separator melts when the inside of the battery reaches a predetermined melting temperature, and the Curie temperature at which the dielectric constant of the substance reaches a maximum value is the melting temperature of the separator.
- a ferroelectric material whose temperature is at or near the melting temperature of the separator is used. It is determined that the temperature has risen to a predetermined temperature determined as a nearby temperature.
- the substance in means 6, includes a plurality of substances having different Curie temperatures at which the dielectric constant reaches a maximum value, and the temperature and the dielectric constant or A unique correlation with the capacitor capacity is determined, and the temperature monitoring unit uses the correlation to estimate the internal temperature of the storage battery based on the dielectric constant or capacitor capacity calculated by the calculation unit. do.
- a unique correlation between temperature and dielectric constant or capacitor capacity is established within a predetermined temperature range that includes the Curie temperatures of each substance. It is possible to keep it. In other words, it becomes possible to quantify the change in dielectric constant or the change in capacitance that corresponds to the internal temperature of the storage battery. Then, by using this correlation, the internal temperature of the storage battery can be estimated based on the dielectric constant or capacitor capacity.
- Means 7 includes a temperature determining unit that determines that the internal temperature of the storage battery is the same as the external temperature of the outside of the storage battery, and a situation where the temperature of the storage battery and the external temperature are the same. a correction value for correcting the correlation by comparing the external temperature under the situation with the internal temperature of the storage battery estimated by the temperature monitoring unit; A value calculation unit.
- the internal temperature and external temperature of the storage battery become the same.
- the accuracy of temperature estimation in the storage battery can be improved by calculating a correction value for correcting the correlation and appropriately correcting the correlation using the correction value.
- a battery monitoring device comprising: a calculation unit that applies an AC signal to the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer and calculates the dielectric constant or capacitor capacity based on the response signal; A temperature monitoring section that monitors the internal temperature of the storage battery based on the dielectric constant or capacitor capacity calculated by the calculation section.
- the capacitance of the capacitor between the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer changes depending on the temperature.
- the electrochemical impedance measurement method AC impedance method
- an AC signal is applied to the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer to obtain the frequency characteristics of the impedance, and based on the frequency characteristics of the impedance, the capacitor capacity of the storage battery is determined. can be calculated.
- Means 9 is a battery monitoring device applied to the storage battery according to any one of Means 1 to 3, wherein the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer of the storage battery have an imaginary part of zero in the complex impedance characteristic of the storage battery.
- an AC signal application section that applies an AC signal of a higher frequency than the AC frequency corresponding to the zero crossing point; and a temperature monitoring unit that monitors the internal temperature of the storage battery based on the dielectric constant calculated by the calculation unit.
- the dielectric constant of the ferroelectric changes depending on the temperature change of the storage battery.
- an AC signal with a higher frequency than the AC frequency corresponding to the zero crossing point (the real component where the imaginary part becomes zero) in the complex impedance characteristic as the real part of the complex impedance. It was found that a value corresponding to the dielectric constant of the ferroelectric material can be obtained. In this case, by determining the dielectric constant of the ferroelectric material from the real part of the complex impedance, it is possible to estimate the temperature of the storage battery from the dielectric constant.
- an AC signal with a frequency higher than the AC frequency corresponding to the zero-crossing point in the complex impedance characteristic of the storage battery is applied to the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer of the storage battery, and the response signal obtained under that condition is Based on this, the dielectric constant of the separator was calculated. Then, the internal temperature of the storage battery was monitored based on the calculated dielectric constant. Thereby, the internal temperature of the storage battery can be appropriately grasped.
- the AC signal application section applies an AC signal in a frequency range of 20 to 800 kHz as the AC signal.
- the AC frequency corresponding to the zero crossing point in the complex impedance characteristic is, for example, about 1 to 10 kHz
- the frequency of the AC signal when calculating the dielectric constant in the separator was set to 20 to 800 kHz. In this case, it is possible to appropriately grasp the situation in which the dielectric constant of the separator changes depending on the temperature.
- the alternating current signal applying section respectively sends an alternating current signal of a first frequency for measuring the complex impedance characteristic near the zero crossing point and an alternating current signal of a second frequency higher than the first frequency.
- the calculation unit calculates the internal resistance of the storage battery based on the response signal with the AC signal of the first frequency applied, and the calculation unit calculates the internal resistance of the storage battery while applying the AC signal of the second frequency.
- a dielectric constant in the separator is calculated based on the response signal of the state.
- the AC signal applying section was configured to apply an AC signal of a first frequency for measuring the complex impedance characteristics near the zero-crossing point, and an AC signal of a second frequency higher than the first frequency. Then, the internal resistance of the storage battery is calculated based on the response signal when the AC signal of the first frequency is applied, and the dielectric constant of the separator is calculated based on the response signal when the AC signal of the second frequency is applied. I tried to calculate it. In this case, the AC frequency that is suitable for calculating the internal resistance of the storage battery and the AC frequency that is suitable for calculating the dielectric constant of the separator are used, and the calculation of the internal resistance and the dielectric constant are performed separately. It can be done properly.
- the separator melts when the inside of the battery reaches a predetermined melting temperature, and the calculation unit determines that the temperature of the storage battery is a predetermined temperature lower than the melting temperature.
- the frequency of calculating the dielectric constant is increased compared to when the temperature is lower than the predetermined temperature.
- the temperature characteristics of the dielectric constant are used to ensure that the internal temperature of the storage battery reaches the melting temperature of the separator. Or, it can be determined that the temperature has approached the melting temperature of the separator.
- the dielectric constant is calculated more frequently than when the temperature is lower than the predetermined temperature.
- the dielectric constant is calculated relatively infrequently under normal conditions of the storage battery, reducing the computational load and power consumption, while temporarily reducing the detection sensitivity of temperature rises in the event of concerns about thermal runaway. can be increased.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a storage battery
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a wound body constituting a storage battery
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the temperature characteristics of the dielectric constant in a ferroelectric material
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a battery unit including a storage battery
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing storage battery temperature monitoring processing
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the temperature characteristics of dielectric constant
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing correction value calculation processing in the second embodiment
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the temperature characteristics of relative permittivity in a ferroelectric material
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a storage battery
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a wound body constituting a storage battery
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the temperature characteristics of the dielectric constant in a ferroelectric material
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a battery unit including a storage battery
- FIG. 5 is
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a complex impedance plane plot of a storage battery
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the frequency f and the real part Re_Z
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit of a storage battery
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the configuration of a control device in the third embodiment
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing storage battery temperature monitoring processing in the third embodiment
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the relationship between the real part Re_Z and the relative dielectric constant ⁇ r
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing storage battery temperature monitoring processing in a modified example.
- a lithium ion storage battery is used as the secondary battery, and a specific configuration using the lithium ion storage battery will be described.
- parts that are the same or equivalent to each other are given the same reference numerals in the drawings, and the explanations thereof will be referred to for the parts with the same reference numerals.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a lithium ion storage battery 10 in this embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a wound body 21 that constitutes the lithium ion storage battery 10.
- the lithium ion storage battery 10 is simply called the storage battery 10.
- the storage battery 10 has a housing 11 and a wound body 21 housed in the housing 11.
- the housing 11 has a flat rectangular parallelepiped shape and is made of, for example, a metal material or a resin material.
- the housing 11 includes a main body 12 and a cover 13 that can be attached to the opening side of the main body 12.
- the main body 12 and the cover 13 form a closed space in which the wound body 21 is accommodated. Ru.
- a wound body 21 is housed in the housing 11 in a state where it is impregnated with an electrolytic solution.
- the housing 11 has a positive terminal 14 and a negative terminal 15 for external connection, and a safety valve 16 that opens when the internal pressure of the housing 11 rises to a predetermined level to release the internal pressure.
- the wound body 21 is constructed by laminating a positive electrode layer 22, a negative electrode layer 23, and a separator 24.
- the positive electrode layer 22, the negative electrode layer 23, and the separator 24 are each formed into a sheet shape, and are laminated together to form a laminated sheet.
- a laminated sheet consisting of the positive electrode layer 22, the negative electrode layer 23, and the separator 24 is wound into a flat shape to form the wound body 21.
- the positive electrode layer 22, the separator 24, the negative electrode layer 23, and the separator 24 are laminated in four layers in this order, and by winding this laminated sheet, there is a gap between the positive electrode layer 22 and the negative electrode layer 23.
- a separator 24 is interposed between the two.
- the positive electrode layer 22 is formed of a positive electrode active material layer made of, for example, lithium transition metal oxide.
- the positive electrode active material for example, Li(Co1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3)O2, LiNiO2, LiMn2O4, LiCoO2, LiFePO4, etc. can be used.
- the negative electrode layer 23 is formed of a negative electrode active material layer made of, for example, a carbon-based material.
- the separator 24 is an insulating sheet with ionic conductivity. Specifically, the separator is formed of a polyolefin layer, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), or a combination of these compounds.
- PP polypropylene
- PE polyethylene
- the wound body 21 is provided with a positive electrode current collector 26 made of aluminum foil or the like, and a negative electrode current collector 27 made of copper foil or the like.
- a positive electrode current collector 26 made of aluminum foil or the like
- a negative electrode current collector 27 made of copper foil or the like.
- a ferroelectric material is added to the separator 24 of the storage battery 10 as a substance whose dielectric constant changes depending on the temperature, and the internal temperature of the storage battery 10 can be determined by measuring the dielectric constant. It is assumed to be detectable.
- barium titanate (BaTiO3) is used as the ferroelectric material.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the temperature characteristics of the dielectric constant in a ferroelectric material.
- a ferroelectric material has a characteristic that its dielectric constant reaches a maximum value at a plurality of specific temperatures (Curie temperatures).
- predetermined temperature characteristics are imparted to the separator 24 by including a ferroelectric substance in the separator 24.
- the sheet-like separator 24 has a ferroelectric material added to one or both of its front and back sheet surfaces. Specifically, it is conceivable to attach particulate ferroelectric material to the sheet surface of the separator 24 by coating. It is also possible to embed (contain) a ferroelectric substance inside the separator 24.
- the separator 24 melts when the inside of the battery reaches a predetermined melting temperature (around 120 to 140° C.).
- a predetermined melting temperature around 120 to 140° C.
- one of the Curie temperatures at which the electric constant reaches a maximum value is at or near the melting temperature of the separator 24.
- “A” is the maximum value corresponding to the melting temperature of the separator 24.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a battery unit 30 including the storage battery 10.
- the battery unit 30 is connected to the positive terminal 14 and the negative terminal 15 of the storage battery 10, and includes a calculation unit 31 that calculates the capacitor capacity of the storage battery 10 based on electrical information input from each of these terminals 14 and 15. , a temperature monitoring unit 32 that monitors the internal temperature of the storage battery 10 based on the capacitor capacity calculated by the calculation unit 31, and a notification unit 33 that notifies the user etc. based on the monitoring result by the temperature monitoring unit 32.
- a control device 40 consisting of a microcomputer or the like.
- the microcomputer includes a CPU (arithmetic unit) and a storage device (various types of memory), and implements various functions by executing programs stored in the storage device.
- Various functions may be realized by electronic circuits that are hardware, or may be realized by both hardware and software.
- the control device 40 corresponds to a "battery monitoring device.”
- the calculation unit 31 applies an AC signal to the positive terminal 14 and the negative terminal 15, and calculates the capacitor capacity based on the response signal.
- an electrochemical impedance measurement method (AC impedance method) is used, and an AC voltage is applied to the positive terminal 14 and the negative terminal 15, and the AC voltage is obtained from the AC voltage and the AC current that is the response signal.
- the capacitor capacity of the storage battery 10 is calculated based on the frequency characteristics of the complex impedance. Note that it is also possible to apply an alternating current as an alternating current signal. It is also possible to calculate the dielectric constant by using the correlation between capacitor capacitance and dielectric constant.
- the temperature monitoring unit 32 determines whether the internal temperature of the storage battery 10 has risen to a predetermined temperature (for example, 120° C.) corresponding to the melting temperature of the separator 24 based on the capacitor capacity. Based on the monitoring result by the temperature monitoring section 32, the notification section 33 notifies, for example, that there is a risk of thermal runaway of the storage battery 10, by means of audio, screen display, lamp display, or the like.
- a predetermined temperature for example, 120° C.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the temperature monitoring process of the storage battery 10, and this process is executed by the control device 40 at a predetermined period.
- step S11 the capacitor capacity of the storage battery 10 is calculated.
- an AC signal is applied to the positive terminal 14 and the negative terminal 15, and the capacitor capacity is calculated based on the response signal.
- step S12 depending on whether the capacitor capacity calculated in step S11 is larger than a predetermined value, it is determined whether the internal temperature of the storage battery 10 has risen to a predetermined temperature (for example, 120° C.) corresponding to the melting temperature of the separator 24. Determine whether or not.
- a predetermined temperature for example, 120° C.
- the capacitor capacity of the storage battery 10 is equivalent to the maximum value of the dielectric constant in the temperature characteristics of the dielectric constant, the internal temperature of the storage battery 10 has risen to a temperature equivalent to the melting temperature of the separator 24. Therefore, the answer in step S12 is affirmative, and the process proceeds to step S13.
- step S13 the user etc. are notified that there is a possibility that thermal runaway of the storage battery 10 may occur.
- the separator 24 is provided in a form that includes a substance (ferroelectric material) whose dielectric constant changes depending on the temperature. It becomes possible to detect the internal temperature of the storage battery 10. In this case, when a temperature change occurs inside the storage battery 10, the temperature change can be directly understood as a change in the dielectric constant inside the battery. As a result, it is possible to realize a storage battery 10 that enables quick detection of internal temperature.
- the storage battery 10 of this embodiment does not require any change in the electrode material of the storage battery 10 with respect to the existing configuration, and can remain the same as before.
- the electrode material affects the energy capacity, output density, and deterioration of these performances over time of the storage battery, and tuning takes a huge amount of development man-hours, so when adding a new substance to the electrode material, the same Maintaining performance again requires a huge amount of development man-hours.
- the structure is such that a ferroelectric material is added to the separator 24 as described above, the above disadvantages can be avoided.
- the dielectric constant can be increased and the sensitivity of temperature detection can be improved.
- the separator 24 is configured to include a ferroelectric material whose Curie temperature at which the dielectric constant reaches its maximum value is at or near the melting temperature of the separator 24. In this case, by understanding the sudden change in the dielectric constant, it is possible to quickly understand a situation where thermal runaway of the storage battery 10 may occur.
- the internal temperature of the storage battery 10 can be appropriately grasped. .
- a predetermined temperature determined as the melting temperature of the separator 24 or a temperature in the vicinity thereof there is a possibility that thermal runaway of the storage battery 10 may occur. It is possible to understand something at an early stage and have the user take appropriate measures such as notifying the user.
- existing technology obtains information about the heat inside the battery from a temperature sensor outside the battery or a sensor that detects gas pressure and components released outside the battery during thermal runaway. There was a need.
- information regarding the heat inside the battery can be suitably acquired from the capacitor capacity of the storage battery 10 even without a temperature sensor or gas sensor outside the battery.
- the storage battery 10 has a configuration in which a ferroelectric material is added to the separator 24 as described above. Further, in this embodiment, in particular, the change in dielectric constant or the change in capacitor capacity corresponding to the internal temperature of the storage battery 10 is quantified, and the internal temperature of the storage battery 10 is determined based on the dielectric constant information or capacitance information obtained from the storage battery 10. We are trying to estimate.
- the dielectric constant changes to a maximum value at temperatures T1 to T3, which vary depending on the substance.
- the temperatures T1 to T3 at which the maximum values occur are equally spaced.
- the temperature interval may be narrower on the low temperature side than on the high temperature side. Or, conversely, the temperature interval may be wider on the low temperature side than on the high temperature side.
- the maximum value of the dielectric constant may occur at two or more temperatures.
- a unique correlation between temperature and dielectric constant is determined in a predetermined temperature range RT including each of the above-mentioned temperatures T1 to T3.
- the temperature range RT is preferably a range that includes the operating temperature range in which the storage battery 10 operates. Further, the temperature range RT is preferably a range that includes the operating temperature range in which the storage battery 10 operates and also includes the melting temperature of the separator 24. Since the dielectric constant and capacitor capacity are in a proportional relationship, a unique correlation between temperature and capacitor capacity may be determined.
- the shifter it is possible to use, for example, a shifter in which Ba2+ of barium titanate is replaced with Sr2+, Ca2+, etc., or Ti4+ is replaced with Sn4+, Zr4+, etc.
- the depressor CaTiO3, MgTiO3, etc. can be used.
- the calculation unit 31 calculates the dielectric constant of the storage battery 10 in FIG.
- the temperature monitoring unit 32 estimates the internal temperature of the storage battery 10 based on the dielectric constant calculated by the calculation unit 31 using the relationship shown in FIG. 6(c). Further, in this embodiment, the control device 40 calculates a correction value for correcting the relationship shown in FIG. 6(c) under a situation where the internal temperature and external temperature of the storage battery 10 are the same.
- the control device 40 further includes a temperature determination section and a correction value calculation section in addition to the configuration shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the correction value calculation process in the temperature monitoring process of this embodiment, and this process is executed by the control device 40 at a predetermined period.
- step S21 it is determined whether or not the internal temperature of the storage battery 10 and the external temperature outside the storage battery 10 are the same (temperature determination unit).
- the external temperature may be, for example, a temperature detected by a temperature sensor attached to the outside of the storage battery 10 (outer surface of the housing) or a temperature sensor provided in the environment where the storage battery 10 is installed. For example, in a situation where the storage battery 10 is left unused for a long time, the internal temperature and the external temperature of the storage battery 10 become the same, and step S21 is affirmed. If step S21 is affirmed, the process proceeds to step S22.
- step S22 the dielectric constant of the storage battery 10 is calculated using the AC impedance method as described above.
- step S23 the internal temperature of the storage battery 10 is estimated based on the dielectric constant calculated in step S22 using the relationship shown in FIG. 6(c).
- step S24 the current external temperature and the estimated internal temperature of the storage battery 10 are compared to determine whether or not these respective temperatures match, specifically whether or not the difference between these respective temperatures is within a predetermined range. Determine whether If the current external temperature and the estimated internal temperature of the storage battery 10 do not match, the process proceeds to step S25, and a correction value for correcting the relationship shown in FIG. 6(c) is calculated.
- This correction value is calculated as, for example, an offset correction value, and the estimated internal temperature estimated using the relationship shown in FIG. 6(c) is corrected using the correction value during the next temperature estimation.
- the correction value is preferably stored and held in a backup memory such as an EEPROM.
- the relationship shown in FIG. 6(c) may be updated using the correction value.
- the temperature and dielectric constant (or This makes it possible to determine a unique correlation with the capacitance (capacitance). By using this correlation, it is possible to estimate the internal temperature of the storage battery 10 based on the dielectric constant.
- the internal temperature of the storage battery 10 and the external temperature become the same.
- the internal temperature (estimated temperature) and external temperature of the storage battery 10 it is possible to understand the deviation in the correlation between temperature and dielectric constant.
- the configuration is such that a correction value for correcting the correlation is calculated after performing the temperature comparison as described above, the accuracy of temperature estimation in the storage battery 10 can be improved.
- wires are generally connected to the positive terminal 14 and the negative terminal 15, and in this state, the voltage between the terminals and the current flowing are appropriately measured.
- calculation of the dielectric constant or capacitor capacity of the storage battery 10 can be easily realized by utilizing existing measurement functions. In other words, the temperature inside the battery can be suitably estimated while using the existing configuration.
- a battery module is configured by a plurality of storage batteries 10 (in other words, when an assembled battery is configured by a plurality of battery cells as the storage batteries 10), the voltage between the terminals and the current flowing for each storage battery 10 It is equipped with a measurement function. In this case, by making it possible to calculate the permittivity or capacitor capacity of all storage batteries 10 in the battery module, it becomes possible to realize voltage detection, current detection, and internal temperature detection for all storage batteries (all cells). ing.
- the relative dielectric constant ⁇ r changes depending on the temperature change of the storage battery 10.
- ⁇ r is 1500 when the temperature of the storage battery 10 is 25°C, and 5000 when the temperature of the storage battery 10 is 110°C.
- the temperature of the storage battery 10 can be determined.
- the temperature range corresponding to ⁇ r of the ferroelectric material added to the separator 24 preferably includes the melting temperature of the separator 24 or a temperature near the melting temperature. Note that it is also possible to use the dielectric constant ⁇ as a parameter instead of the relative dielectric constant ⁇ r.
- impedance measurement is performed on the storage battery 10 by applying an AC signal with a frequency of, for example, about 1 to 10 kHz.
- the internal resistance of the storage battery 10 is calculated from the real part (the real part at the zero crossing point) whose imaginary part is 0.
- the real part at the zero-crossing point mainly represents the solution resistance, which is the resistance when charges in the solution move in the storage battery 10.
- the present disclosure in the frequency range (1 to 10 kHz) used to calculate the internal resistance of the storage battery 10, even if the dielectric constant ⁇ r of the ferroelectric material of the separator 24 is different, the imaginary part of the impedance and It has been confirmed that there is no difference in the real part. On the other hand, in a frequency range higher than the frequency range used to calculate the internal resistance, it has been confirmed that when the relative permittivity ⁇ r of the ferroelectric material of the separator 24 differs, a difference occurs in the imaginary part and the real part of the impedance. ing.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a complex impedance plane plot of the storage battery 10.
- (a) shows the impedance characteristics when the frequency is changed in the range of 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz
- FIG. 9 shows two characteristics when the dielectric constant ⁇ r is 1500 and 5000.
- the relationship shown in FIG. 10 can be derived as the relationship between the frequency f and the real part Re_Z.
- the frequency range Y is a frequency range from 20 to 800 kHz. That is, by applying an AC signal of a predetermined frequency within the frequency range Y to the storage battery 10, a value corresponding to the relative permittivity ⁇ r of the ferroelectric material in the separator 24 is derived as the real part Re_Z of impedance. Can be done.
- the storage battery 10 when an AC signal with a frequency fa (for example, 40 kHz) within the frequency range Y is applied to the storage battery 10, if the dielectric constant ⁇ r is 1500, the real part Re_Z is A1, and if the dielectric constant ⁇ r is 5000, the real part Re_Z is A1. The part Re_Z becomes A2. Further, if the dielectric constant ⁇ r is between 1500 and 5000, the real part Re_Z is an intermediate value between A1 and A2.
- fa for example, 40 kHz
- the control device 50 shown in FIG. 12 applies an AC signal with a frequency higher than the AC frequency corresponding to the zero-crossing point in the complex impedance characteristic of the storage battery 10, and the AC signal obtained in the applied state of the AC signal is Based on the response signal, the relative permittivity ⁇ r of the separator 24 is calculated, and the internal temperature of the storage battery 10 is monitored based on the relative permittivity ⁇ r.
- the control device 50 analyzes the voltage fluctuation that is the response signal and calculates the real part Re_Z of the impedance. Further, using the relationship shown in FIG. 10, the relative permittivity ⁇ r of the ferroelectric material is calculated from the real part Re_Z, and the battery temperature is monitored based on the relative permittivity ⁇ r.
- the control device 50 is constituted by a microcomputer having a CPU (arithmetic unit) and a storage device (various types of memory), and implements various functions by executing programs stored in the storage device.
- L is the inductance of the wound body 21 including the positive electrode current collector 26 and the negative electrode current collector 27.
- R1 is the resistance of the electrolytic solution
- C1 is the capacitor component of ferroelectric material (barium titanate). These R1 and C1 are connected in parallel.
- R2 is the combined resistance of the reaction resistance of the positive electrode active material (resistance during intercalation) and the reaction resistance of the negative electrode active material
- C2 is the resistance formed at the interface between the positive electrode active material and the electrolyte. This is the combined electric capacity of the electric double layer and the electric double layer formed at the interface between the negative electrode and the electrolyte.
- Zcpe is a pseudo capacitance (Constant Phase Element) impedance and is defined by the following formula.
- j is an imaginary unit
- ⁇ is an angular frequency
- p is a CPE index
- T is a CPE constant.
- the control device 50 includes an AC signal applying section 51, a response signal measuring section 52, and a battery monitoring section 53.
- the AC signal application unit 51 includes an oscillator that generates an AC signal of a predetermined frequency, and applies the AC signal of a predetermined frequency to the positive electrode side and the negative electrode side of the storage battery 10.
- the AC signal application unit 51 applies an AC signal of a predetermined frequency in the frequency range of 1 to 10 kHz to the storage battery 10 when calculating the internal resistance of the storage battery 10, and when monitoring the temperature of the storage battery 10, An AC signal of a predetermined frequency in a frequency range of 800 kHz is applied to the storage battery 10.
- the frequency range of 1 to 10 kHz used when calculating the internal resistance of the storage battery 10 is also referred to as a first frequency range Y1
- the frequency range of 20 to 800 kHz used when monitoring the temperature of the storage battery 10 is also referred to as a second frequency range Y2.
- the alternating current signal may be a rectangular wave, a triangular wave, or the like in addition to being a sine wave signal.
- the response signal measurement unit 52 measures voltage fluctuation, which is information reflecting the impedance of the storage battery 10, as a response signal in a state where an AC signal of a predetermined frequency is applied to the storage battery 10 by the AC signal application unit 51.
- the battery monitoring unit 53 calculates the internal resistance and dielectric constant ⁇ r of the storage battery 10 as battery parameters indicating the state of the storage battery 10 based on the response signal (voltage fluctuation) measured by the response signal measurement unit 52. Specifically, in the battery monitoring unit 53, the resistance calculation unit 53a calculates the voltage fluctuation measured by the response signal measurement unit 52 and the AC signal when an AC signal of a predetermined frequency in the first frequency range Y1 is applied. The real part Re_Z of impedance is calculated as the internal resistance of the storage battery 10 based on the amplitude of the alternating current flowing through the storage battery 10 when applied.
- the dielectric constant calculation unit 53b calculates the voltage fluctuation measured by the response signal measurement unit 52 and the AC current flowing through the storage battery 10 when the AC signal is applied.
- the real part Re_Z of the impedance is calculated based on the amplitude of
- the relative dielectric constant ⁇ r of the ferroelectric material is calculated from the real part Re_Z.
- the temperature monitoring unit 53c monitors whether the storage battery 10 is at an excessively high temperature based on the dielectric constant ⁇ r.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing the temperature monitoring process of the storage battery 10, and this process is executed by the control device 50 at a predetermined period.
- step S21 it is determined whether conditions for implementing temperature monitoring of the storage battery 10 are currently met.
- This implementation condition is a condition for calculating the dielectric constant ⁇ r of the storage battery 10, and is a condition that is satisfied at a predetermined period while the vehicle is running (while the IG is on) or after the vehicle has stopped running (after the IG is turned off). good.
- the predetermined period is, for example, a period every few seconds, a period every several hundred milliseconds, or a period every several tens of milliseconds.
- step S22 it is determined whether it is the timing to calculate impedance. For example, immediately after the IG of the vehicle is turned on, it is preferable that the impedance calculation condition is satisfied and step S22 is affirmed. If step S22 is affirmative, the process proceeds to step S23, where an AC signal of a predetermined frequency in the first frequency range Y1 is applied to the storage battery 10. Thereafter, in step S24, the voltage fluctuation with respect to the AC signal is acquired as a response signal, and in the subsequent step S25, the real part Re_Z of impedance is calculated as the internal resistance of the storage battery 10 based on the voltage fluctuation.
- step S21 the process proceeds to step S26, and an AC signal of a predetermined frequency in the second frequency range Y2 is applied to the storage battery 10. Thereafter, in step S27, voltage fluctuations with respect to the AC signal are acquired as a response signal.
- step S28 the real part Re_Z of the impedance is calculated based on the voltage fluctuation, and the relative dielectric constant ⁇ r of the ferroelectric material is calculated based on the real part Re_Z.
- the relationship shown in FIG. 14 is determined as the relationship between the real part Re_Z of impedance and the relative permittivity ⁇ r, and using that relationship, the relative permittivity ⁇ r of the ferroelectric material is calculated from the real part Re_Z. Good.
- step S29 it is determined whether the relative dielectric constant ⁇ r calculated in step S28 is larger than a predetermined threshold Th.
- the threshold Th is determined as a value corresponding to the melting temperature of the separator 24.
- step S29 it is determined whether the internal temperature of the storage battery 10 has risen to the melting temperature of the separator 24 (for example, 120°C) or a temperature near the melting temperature (for example, 110°C).
- the relative dielectric constant ⁇ r is larger than the threshold Th, it is assumed that the internal temperature of the storage battery 10 has risen to a temperature equivalent to the melting temperature of the separator 24, and step S29 is affirmed and the process proceeds to step S30.
- step S30 the user and the like are notified that there is a possibility that thermal runaway of the storage battery 10 may occur.
- the AC signal application unit 51 is supplied with an AC signal of a first frequency (frequency within the first frequency range Y1) for measuring the complex impedance characteristic near the zero-crossing point, and an AC signal of a second frequency (frequency within the first frequency range Y1) that is higher than the first frequency. 2 (frequency within the frequency range Y2). Then, the internal resistance of the storage battery 10 is calculated based on the response signal when the AC signal of the first frequency is applied, and the internal resistance of the storage battery 10 is calculated based on the response signal when the AC signal of the second frequency is applied.
- the dielectric constant ⁇ r was calculated. In this case, while using an AC frequency suitable for calculating the internal resistance of the storage battery 10 and an AC frequency suitable for calculating the relative dielectric constant ⁇ r of the separator 24, The calculation of the rate ⁇ r can be performed appropriately.
- the ferroelectric material added to the separator 24 in the storage battery 10 may have a dielectric constant that reaches its maximum value at a predetermined cryogenic temperature (for example, -10° C.).
- a predetermined cryogenic temperature for example, -10° C.
- the control device 40 determines that the internal temperature of the storage battery 10 has decreased to an extremely low temperature based on the dielectric constant or capacitor capacity. This makes it possible to monitor the usage status of the storage battery 10, such as the frequency of use in extremely low temperature conditions.
- the frequency of the AC signal was set to 1 to 10 kHz when calculating the internal resistance of the storage battery 10, and the frequency of the AC signal was set to 20 to 800 kHz when monitoring the temperature of the storage battery 10, but it is possible to change this. It is.
- the frequency of the AC signal may be set higher than when calculating the internal resistance of the storage battery 10, for example, 10 kHz or more.
- the control device 50 may execute the process shown in FIG. 15.
- FIG. 15 is a partially modified version of the flowchart of FIG. 13, and the same steps are given the same step numbers.
- step S28 the relative dielectric constant ⁇ r of the ferroelectric material is calculated based on the voltage fluctuation in response to the AC signal. Thereafter, in step S31, it is determined whether the relative dielectric constant ⁇ r calculated in step S28 is larger than a predetermined first threshold Th1.
- the first threshold Th1 is determined as a value corresponding to a predetermined temperature (for example, 70°C) lower than the melting temperature (120°C) of the separator 24. Further, the first threshold Th1 is preferably an upper limit temperature of the storage battery 10 during normal use or a temperature higher than the upper limit temperature. At this time, if the relative permittivity ⁇ r is less than or equal to the first threshold Th1, this process is temporarily terminated, and if the relative permittivity ⁇ r is greater than the first threshold Th1, the process proceeds to step S32.
- step S32 it is decided to increase the calculation frequency of the relative dielectric constant ⁇ r in the next temperature monitoring process compared to the normal time (ie, when ⁇ r ⁇ Th1).
- the calculation frequency of the relative dielectric constant ⁇ r may be set to n times the normal frequency (n is 2 or more).
- n is 2 or more.
- step S33 it is determined whether the relative dielectric constant ⁇ r is larger than a predetermined second threshold Th2.
- the second threshold Th2 is set as a value larger than the first threshold Th1 and corresponding to the melting temperature of the separator 24. If the relative dielectric constant ⁇ r is larger than the second threshold Th2, it is assumed that the internal temperature of the storage battery 10 has risen to a temperature equivalent to the melting temperature of the separator 24, and the process proceeds to step S34. In step S34, the user and the like are notified that there is a possibility that thermal runaway of the storage battery 10 may occur.
- the calculation frequency of the relative dielectric constant ⁇ r is made relatively low to reduce the calculation load and power consumption, and when there is a concern about thermal runaway, the temperature rise is reduced. Detection sensitivity can be temporarily increased.
- ferroelectric materials include lead titanate, potassium niobate, lithium niobate, lead niobate, barium strontium niobate, lithium tantalate, potassium sodium tartrate (Rochelle salt), and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. , glycine trisulfide, etc. can be used.
- glycine trisulfide, etc. can be used as a substance whose dielectric constant changes depending on temperature.
- paraelectric materials such as magnesium titanate, calcium titanate, titanium oxide (especially rutile type), strontium titanate, forsterite (2MgO.SiO2), and steatite (MgO.SiO2) can be used.
- control unit and the method described in the present disclosure are implemented by a dedicated computer provided by configuring a processor and memory programmed to perform one or more functions embodied by a computer program. may be done.
- the controller and techniques described in this disclosure may be implemented by a dedicated computer provided by a processor configured with one or more dedicated hardware logic circuits.
- the control unit and the method described in the present disclosure may be implemented using a combination of a processor and memory programmed to perform one or more functions and a processor configured by one or more hardware logic circuits. It may be implemented by one or more dedicated computers configured.
- the computer program may also be stored as instructions executed by a computer on a computer-readable non-transitory tangible storage medium.
- a storage battery (10) comprising a positive electrode layer (22), a negative electrode layer (23), and a separator (24) provided between the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer,
- the separator includes a material whose dielectric constant changes depending on temperature.
- the separator melts when the inside of the battery reaches a predetermined melting temperature, The storage battery according to configuration 1, wherein the material is a ferroelectric material whose Curie temperature at which the dielectric constant reaches a maximum value is at or near the melting temperature of the separator.
- a storage battery according to any one of configurations 1 to 3, a calculation unit (31) that applies an AC signal to the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer and calculates the dielectric constant or capacitor capacity based on the response signal; a temperature monitoring unit (32) that monitors the internal temperature of the storage battery based on the dielectric constant or capacitor capacity calculated by the calculation unit; A battery unit equipped with.
- the separator melts when the inside of the battery reaches a predetermined melting temperature
- a ferroelectric substance whose Curie temperature at which the dielectric constant reaches a maximum value is at or near the melting temperature of the separator is used
- the temperature monitoring unit determines, based on the dielectric constant or capacitor capacity calculated by the calculation unit, that the internal temperature of the storage battery has risen to a predetermined temperature determined as the melting temperature of the separator or a temperature in the vicinity thereof. , the battery unit according to configuration 4.
- the substance includes a plurality of substances having different Curie temperatures at which the dielectric constant reaches a maximum value, and the relationship between temperature and dielectric constant or capacitor capacitance is within a predetermined temperature range including between the Curie temperatures of each substance.
- a unique correlation is established, The battery unit according to configuration 4, wherein the temperature monitoring section estimates the internal temperature of the storage battery using the correlation and based on the dielectric constant or capacitor capacity calculated by the calculation section.
- [Configuration 7] a temperature determination unit that determines that the internal temperature of the storage battery is the same as the external temperature of the storage battery; When it is determined that the temperature of the storage battery and the external temperature are the same, a comparison of the external temperature under that situation and the internal temperature of the storage battery estimated by the temperature monitoring unit. a correction value calculation unit that calculates a correction value for correcting the correlation;
- the battery unit according to configuration 6, comprising: [Configuration 8] Comprising a positive electrode layer (22), a negative electrode layer (23), and a separator (24) provided between the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer, the separator containing a substance whose dielectric constant changes depending on temperature.
- a battery monitoring device comprising: a temperature monitoring unit (32) that monitors an internal temperature of the storage battery based on the dielectric constant or capacitor capacity calculated by the calculation unit.
- a battery monitoring device comprising: [Configuration 10] The battery monitoring device according to configuration 9, wherein the AC signal applying unit applies an AC signal in a frequency range of 20 to 800 kHz as the AC signal.
- the alternating current signal applying section applies an alternating current signal of a first frequency for measuring a complex impedance characteristic near the zero crossing point, and an alternating current signal of a second frequency higher than the first frequency.
- the calculation unit calculates the internal resistance of the storage battery based on the response signal with the AC signal of the first frequency applied, and the calculation unit calculates the internal resistance of the storage battery based on the response signal with the AC signal of the second frequency applied.
- the battery monitoring device according to configuration 9 or 10, which calculates the dielectric constant of the separator based on the above.
- the separator melts when the inside of the battery reaches a predetermined melting temperature
- the calculation unit is configured to calculate the dielectric constant more frequently when the temperature of the storage battery is higher than a predetermined temperature lower than the melting temperature than when the temperature is lower than the predetermined temperature. 12.
- the battery monitoring device according to any one of 9 to 11.
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Abstract
Description
正極層と、負極層と、それら正極層及び負極層の間に設けられたセパレータとを備える蓄電池であって、
前記セパレータは、温度に応じて誘電率が変化する物質を含む形態で設けられている。
正極層と、負極層と、それら正極層及び負極層の間に設けられたセパレータとを備え、前記セパレータが、温度に応じて誘電率が変化する物質を含む形態で設けられている蓄電池に適用される電池監視装置であって、
前記正極層と前記負極層とに交流信号を印加し、その応答信号に基づいて誘電率又はコンデンサ容量を算出する算出部と、
前記算出部により算出された誘電率又はコンデンサ容量に基づいて、前記蓄電池の内部温度を監視する温度監視部と、を備える。
図1は、本実施形態におけるリチウムイオン蓄電池10の斜視図であり、図2は、リチウムイオン蓄電池10を構成する捲回体21の斜視図である。なお以下の記載では、リチウムイオン蓄電池10を単に蓄電池10と称する。
第2実施形態では、蓄電池10において、既述のとおりセパレータ24に強誘電体を付加する構成としている。また本実施形態では特に、蓄電池10の内部温度に対応する誘電率の変化又はコンデンサ容量の変化を定量化しておき、蓄電池10から得られる誘電率情報又は容量情報に基づいて、蓄電池10の内部温度を推定することとしている。
蓄電池10のセパレータ24に付加された強誘電体では、蓄電池10の温度変化に応じて比誘電率εrが変化する。例えば、図8に示すように、蓄電池10の温度が25℃の場合にεrが1500となり、蓄電池10の温度が110℃の場合にεrが5000となることが考えられる。この場合、蓄電池10の使用時において、セパレータ24の強誘電体の比誘電率εrを知ることができれば、蓄電池10の温度を把握することができる。セパレータ24に付加された強誘電体のεrに対応する温度範囲には、セパレータ24の溶融温度又はその溶融温度付近の温度が含まれているとよい。なお、比誘電率εrに代えて誘電率εをパラメータとして用いることも可能である。
上記各実施形態を例えば次のように変更してもよい。
[構成1]
正極層(22)と、負極層(23)と、それら正極層及び負極層の間に設けられたセパレータ(24)とを備える蓄電池(10)であって、
前記セパレータは、温度に応じて誘電率が変化する物質を含む形態で設けられている、蓄電池。
[構成2]
前記物質として強誘電体を用いた、構成1に記載の蓄電池。
[構成3]
前記セパレータは、電池内部が所定の溶融温度に到達することで溶融が生じるものであり、
前記物質として、誘電率が極大値となるキュリー温度が前記セパレータの溶融温度又はその近傍温度である強誘電体を用いた、構成1に記載の蓄電池。
[構成4]
構成1~3のいずれかに記載の蓄電池と、
前記正極層と前記負極層とに交流信号を印加し、その応答信号に基づいて誘電率又はコンデンサ容量を算出する算出部(31)と、
前記算出部により算出された誘電率又はコンデンサ容量に基づいて、前記蓄電池の内部温度を監視する温度監視部(32)と、
を備える電池ユニット。
[構成5]
前記蓄電池において、前記セパレータは、電池内部が所定の溶融温度に到達することで溶融が生じるものであり、
前記物質として、誘電率が極大値となるキュリー温度が前記セパレータの溶融温度又はその近傍温度である強誘電体が用いられており、
前記温度監視部は、前記算出部により算出された誘電率又はコンデンサ容量に基づいて、前記蓄電池の内部温度が前記セパレータの溶融温度又はその近傍温度として定められた所定温度まで上昇したことを判定する、構成4に記載の電池ユニット。
[構成6]
前記蓄電池において、前記物質は、誘電率が極大値となるキュリー温度の異なる複数の物質を含み、それら各物資のキュリー温度の間を含む所定の温度範囲内で温度と誘電率又はコンデンサ容量との一義的な相関関係が定められており、
前記温度監視部は、前記相関関係を用い、前記算出部により算出された誘電率又はコンデンサ容量に基づいて、前記蓄電池の内部温度を推定する、構成4に記載の電池ユニット。
[構成7]
前記蓄電池の内部温度と、当該蓄電池の外部の外部温度とが同一となる状況下であることを判定する温度判定部と、
前記蓄電池の温度と前記外部温度とが同一となる状況下であると判定された場合に、その状況下での前記外部温度と、前記温度監視部により推定された前記蓄電池の内部温度との比較により、前記相関関係を補正する補正値を算出する補正値算出部と、
を備える、構成6に記載の電池ユニット。
[構成8]
正極層(22)と、負極層(23)と、それら正極層及び負極層の間に設けられたセパレータ(24)とを備え、前記セパレータが、温度に応じて誘電率が変化する物質を含む形態で設けられている蓄電池(10)に適用される電池監視装置(40)であって、
前記正極層と前記負極層とに交流信号を印加し、その応答信号に基づいて誘電率又はコンデンサ容量を算出する算出部(31)と、
前記算出部により算出された誘電率又はコンデンサ容量に基づいて、前記蓄電池の内部温度を監視する温度監視部(32)と、を備える電池監視装置。
[構成9]
構成1~3のいずれかに記載の蓄電池に適用される電池監視装置(50)であって、
前記蓄電池の前記正極層と前記負極層とに、当該蓄電池の複素インピーダンス特性において虚数部がゼロとなるゼロクロス点に対応する交流周波数よりもよりも高い周波数の交流信号を印加する交流信号印加部と、
前記交流信号印加部により交流信号が印加された状態で、その応答信号に基づいて、前記セパレータにおける誘電率を算出する算出部と、
前記算出部により算出された誘電率に基づいて、前記蓄電池の内部温度を監視する温度監視部と、
を備える電池監視装置。
[構成10]
前記交流信号印加部は、前記交流信号として、20~800kHzの周波数域の交流信号を印加する、構成9に記載の電池監視装置。
[構成11]
前記交流信号印加部は、前記ゼロクロス点付近における複素インピーダンス特性を計測するための第1周波数の交流信号と、前記第1周波数よりも高い周波数の第2周波数の交流信号とをそれぞれ印加するものであり、
前記算出部は、前記第1周波数の交流信号を印加した状態の前記応答信号に基づいて、前記蓄電池の内部抵抗を算出する一方、前記第2周波数の交流信号を印加した状態の前記応答信号に基づいて、前記セパレータにおける誘電率を算出する、構成9又は10に記載の電池監視装置。
[構成12]
前記蓄電池において、前記セパレータは、電池内部が所定の溶融温度に到達することで溶融が生じるものであり、
前記算出部は、前記蓄電池の温度が、前記溶融温度よりも低い所定温度よりも高い場合に、当該温度が前記所定温度よりも低い場合に比べて、前記誘電率の算出頻度を大きくする、構成9~11のいずれかに記載の電池監視装置。
Claims (12)
- 正極層(22)と、負極層(23)と、それら正極層及び負極層の間に設けられたセパレータ(24)とを備える蓄電池(10)であって、
前記セパレータは、温度に応じて誘電率が変化する物質を含む形態で設けられている、蓄電池。 - 前記物質として強誘電体を用いた、請求項1に記載の蓄電池。
- 前記セパレータは、電池内部が所定の溶融温度に到達することで溶融が生じるものであり、
前記物質として、誘電率が極大値となるキュリー温度が前記セパレータの溶融温度又はその近傍温度である強誘電体を用いた、請求項1に記載の蓄電池。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電池と、
前記正極層と前記負極層とに交流信号を印加し、その応答信号に基づいて誘電率又はコンデンサ容量を算出する算出部(31)と、
前記算出部により算出された誘電率又はコンデンサ容量に基づいて、前記蓄電池の内部温度を監視する温度監視部(32)と、
を備える電池ユニット。 - 前記蓄電池において、前記セパレータは、電池内部が所定の溶融温度に到達することで溶融が生じるものであり、
前記物質として、誘電率が極大値となるキュリー温度が前記セパレータの溶融温度又はその近傍温度である強誘電体が用いられており、
前記温度監視部は、前記算出部により算出された誘電率又はコンデンサ容量に基づいて、前記蓄電池の内部温度が前記セパレータの溶融温度又はその近傍温度として定められた所定温度まで上昇したことを判定する、請求項4に記載の電池ユニット。 - 前記蓄電池において、前記物質は、誘電率が極大値となるキュリー温度の異なる複数の物質を含み、それら各物資のキュリー温度の間を含む所定の温度範囲内で温度と誘電率又はコンデンサ容量との一義的な相関関係が定められており、
前記温度監視部は、前記相関関係を用い、前記算出部により算出された誘電率又はコンデンサ容量に基づいて、前記蓄電池の内部温度を推定する、請求項4に記載の電池ユニット。 - 前記蓄電池の内部温度と、当該蓄電池の外部の外部温度とが同一となる状況下であることを判定する温度判定部と、
前記蓄電池の温度と前記外部温度とが同一となる状況下であると判定された場合に、その状況下での前記外部温度と、前記温度監視部により推定された前記蓄電池の内部温度との比較により、前記相関関係を補正する補正値を算出する補正値算出部と、
を備える、請求項6に記載の電池ユニット。 - 正極層(22)と、負極層(23)と、それら正極層及び負極層の間に設けられたセパレータ(24)とを備え、前記セパレータが、温度に応じて誘電率が変化する物質を含む形態で設けられている蓄電池(10)に適用される電池監視装置(40)であって、
前記正極層と前記負極層とに交流信号を印加し、その応答信号に基づいて誘電率又はコンデンサ容量を算出する算出部(31)と、
前記算出部により算出された誘電率又はコンデンサ容量に基づいて、前記蓄電池の内部温度を監視する温度監視部(32)と、を備える電池監視装置。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電池に適用される電池監視装置(50)であって、
前記蓄電池の前記正極層と前記負極層とに、当該蓄電池の複素インピーダンス特性において虚数部がゼロとなるゼロクロス点に対応する交流周波数よりもよりも高い周波数の交流信号を印加する交流信号印加部と、
前記交流信号印加部により交流信号が印加された状態で、その応答信号に基づいて、前記セパレータにおける誘電率を算出する算出部と、
前記算出部により算出された誘電率に基づいて、前記蓄電池の内部温度を監視する温度監視部と、
を備える電池監視装置。 - 前記交流信号印加部は、前記交流信号として、20~800kHzの周波数域の交流信号を印加する、請求項9に記載の電池監視装置。
- 前記交流信号印加部は、前記ゼロクロス点付近における複素インピーダンス特性を計測するための第1周波数の交流信号と、前記第1周波数よりも高い周波数の第2周波数の交流信号とをそれぞれ印加するものであり、
前記算出部は、前記第1周波数の交流信号を印加した状態の前記応答信号に基づいて、前記蓄電池の内部抵抗を算出する一方、前記第2周波数の交流信号を印加した状態の前記応答信号に基づいて、前記セパレータにおける誘電率を算出する、請求項9に記載の電池監視装置。 - 前記蓄電池において、前記セパレータは、電池内部が所定の溶融温度に到達することで溶融が生じるものであり、
前記算出部は、前記蓄電池の温度が、前記溶融温度よりも低い所定温度よりも高い場合に、当該温度が前記所定温度よりも低い場合に比べて、前記誘電率の算出頻度を大きくする、請求項9に記載の電池監視装置。
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| CN202380063131.1A CN119816710A (zh) | 2022-09-01 | 2023-04-12 | 蓄电池、电池单元和电池监视装置 |
| DE112023003660.8T DE112023003660T5 (de) | 2022-09-01 | 2023-04-12 | Speicherbatterie, Batterieeinheit und Batterieüberwachungsvorrichtung |
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| DE102015215091A1 (de) * | 2015-08-07 | 2017-02-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Bestimmung eines Drucks innerhalb eines Gehäuses einer Batteriezelle und Batteriezelle |
| JP6932782B2 (ja) * | 2017-07-20 | 2021-09-08 | アルプスアルパイン株式会社 | 温度センサ |
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2023
- 2023-04-12 WO PCT/JP2023/014875 patent/WO2024047925A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2023-04-12 JP JP2024543769A patent/JP7740565B2/ja active Active
- 2023-04-12 DE DE112023003660.8T patent/DE112023003660T5/de active Pending
- 2023-04-12 CN CN202380063131.1A patent/CN119816710A/zh active Pending
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| JP2001076769A (ja) * | 1999-09-06 | 2001-03-23 | Toyota Motor Corp | 電池の内部温度検出装置 |
| JP2004144683A (ja) * | 2002-10-25 | 2004-05-20 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 温度センサ、温度測定装置、温度測定システム及びプログラム |
| US20090246640A1 (en) * | 2008-03-27 | 2009-10-01 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Electrode assembly and lithium ion secondary battery having the same |
| JP2010182571A (ja) * | 2009-02-06 | 2010-08-19 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 単電池及び温度検出プレート |
| JP2011045175A (ja) * | 2009-08-20 | 2011-03-03 | Panasonic Corp | 保護回路、電池パック、及び充電システム |
| KR20120133409A (ko) * | 2011-05-31 | 2012-12-11 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 이차전지용 분리막 및 이를 포함한 리튬 이차전지 |
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| DE112023003660T5 (de) | 2025-07-03 |
| JP7740565B2 (ja) | 2025-09-17 |
| JPWO2024047925A1 (ja) | 2024-03-07 |
| CN119816710A (zh) | 2025-04-11 |
| US20250201953A1 (en) | 2025-06-19 |
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