WO2024045326A1 - 一种大面积地基土加固的液压夯实机 - Google Patents

一种大面积地基土加固的液压夯实机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024045326A1
WO2024045326A1 PCT/CN2022/129751 CN2022129751W WO2024045326A1 WO 2024045326 A1 WO2024045326 A1 WO 2024045326A1 CN 2022129751 W CN2022129751 W CN 2022129751W WO 2024045326 A1 WO2024045326 A1 WO 2024045326A1
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Prior art keywords
hydraulic rod
rammer
inner cavity
tamping
hydraulic
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PCT/CN2022/129751
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王艳华
阚军
谢主清
贾其军
郑甲佳
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中国路桥工程有限责任公司
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Publication of WO2024045326A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024045326A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/046—Improving by compacting by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil
    • E02D3/068—Vibrating apparatus operating with systems involving reciprocating masses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic tamping machines, specifically a hydraulic tamping machine for large-area foundation soil reinforcement.
  • the principle of the hydraulic tamping machine is: the tamping hammer raised to a certain height accelerates down under the action of force, knocks the tamping plate with shock-absorbing rubber pad, and directly rams the road surface; under the traction of the mobile machine, it can ram different parts of the ground Carry out accurate and rapid compaction. Since the connection between the cylinder and the rammer is a hard connection, after the rammer impacts the ramming plate at high speed, the cylinder will bear the force of rebound (rebound) during the long impact process. , the cylinder may be damaged.
  • One of the technical means adopted by hydraulic tamping machines in the prior art to solve the above problems is to add a buffer device between the ramming hammer and the tamping plate to reduce the impact on the oil cylinder; or another method is to use a hydraulic rod between the ramming hammer and the oil cylinder.
  • a split design is adopted, and a buffer device is set between the hydraulic rod between the rammer and the cylinder to reduce the impact on the cylinder.
  • the rammer hammer directly acts on the buffer device.
  • the buffer device hinders the downstroke of the rammer hammer, greatly reducing the impact force of the rammer hammer on the tamping plate, and the buffering effect only depends on the buffer device.
  • the second method can ensure that the tamper hammer can directly hit the tamping plate without any obstacles that hinder the fall of the tamper hammer, during the impact process, due to the inertia of expansion and contraction of the hydraulic rod, when it impacts downward, It will first push the buffer device between the rammer and the hydraulic rod to move one end of the distance. Due to the existence of this phenomenon, the thrust of the hydraulic rod on the rammer will be greatly weakened, thus affecting the falling speed of the rammer, that is, the rammer is falling. During impact, the dynamic potential energy generated by its own gravity and the thrust of the hydraulic rod will be reduced, thus affecting the impact force of the rammer.
  • the hydraulic cylinder of the current tamping device of the existing hydraulic tamping machine is subject to a large impact during operation. Frequent and large impacts will seriously affect the service life of the hydraulic cylinder, and the impact buffering and tamping effect cannot be achieved. balance.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic tamping machine for large-area foundation soil reinforcement, so as to solve the problem that the hydraulic cylinder of the tamping device of the existing hydraulic tamping machine is subject to a large impact during operation, and frequent and large impacts will seriously affect the hydraulic pressure.
  • the service life of the oil cylinder and the inability to balance the impact buffering and compaction effects are technical issues.
  • the present invention specifically provides the following technical solutions:
  • a hydraulic tamping machine for large-area foundation soil reinforcement including
  • a housing used to be connected to an external mobile device A tamping plate is connected to the bottom of the housing, and the tamping plate is in direct contact with the ground;
  • a tamper slidingly connected to the lower end of the hydraulic rod, drives the tamper to reciprocate under the telescopic effect of the hydraulic rod to vertically strike the tamping plate;
  • the inner cavity of the tamper hammer is provided with a chute for the hydraulic rod to slide.
  • One end of the hydraulic rod extending into the inner cavity of the chute is connected to an elastic compression component.
  • the top and bottom of one side wall of the tamper hammer are both provided with air outlets, and both of the air outlets are connected to the chute.
  • the two air outlets are connected to each other through a connecting pipe.
  • the inner cavity pressure of the chute located below the elastic compression component increases to reduce the tendency of the hydraulic rod to slide downward along the chute, so that The tamping hammer has greater dynamic potential energy, thereby improving the compaction effect of the hydraulic tamping machine.
  • the elastic compression component includes a plunger and a telescopic spring.
  • the plunger is connected to one end of the hydraulic rod extending into the inner cavity of the chute.
  • the plunger is connected to the telescopic spring.
  • a telescopic spring sleeved on the hydraulic rod is connected between the inner cavities of the tamper hammer, and the impact force of the tamper hammer on the hydraulic rod is buffered under the elastic deformation of the telescopic spring.
  • the tamper has a T-shaped shape
  • the chute is provided in the inner cavity of the vertical section of the tamper
  • the transverse section of the tamper is close to the tamping plate. end face, thereby enlarging the contact area between the tamper hammer and the tamping plate, and driving the transverse section of the tamper hammer to impact the end face of the tamping plate during the reciprocating motion of the hydraulic rod.
  • the top of the tamper is provided with a sliding hole connected to the chute, and the sliding hole is slidingly connected to the hydraulic rod;
  • the diameter of the sliding hole is smaller than the diameter of the sliding groove, so that the plunger is limited to slide in the inner cavity of the tamper.
  • the two air outlets are respectively the same as the distance between the top and the bottom of the vertical section of the tamper, and the size of the distance is smaller than the height of the plunger, so as to avoid When the plunger slides to the upper and lower limit positions, the gas at the upper and lower ends of the inner cavity of the chute backflows.
  • Limiting columns are fixed on both sides of the tamping plate. The sides of the two limiting columns away from the tamping plate are connected to the top of the inner cavity of the vertical section of the tamping hammer.
  • the horizontal section of the tamping hammer Limiting grooves for the limiting posts to slide through are provided inwardly on both left and right sides.
  • two limiting columns are slidably connected with movable sleeves, and one end of the two movable sleeves away from the limiting columns is respectively connected with two ends of the vertical section of the tamper hammer.
  • the two side walls are connected so that the entire tamper hammer slides down in a straight line so that the impact force is concentrated on the same point.
  • a tension spring sleeved on the limiting column is connected between the movable sleeve and the top of the inner cavity of the vertical section of the tamper hammer. Under the action of elastic deformation, the rammer has a tendency to move downward.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the invention realizes the replacement of gas at the upper and lower ends of the inner cavity of the chute back and forth through the compression effect of the elastic compression component on the chute, and further consumes the reaction force generated by the rammer by doing work on the gas, thereby buffering the rammer and driving the hydraulic rod.
  • the impact force between the moving cylinders and the elastic deformation of the elastic compression component achieve the effect of buffering the impact force of the rammer multiple times.
  • the compressed gas at the lower end offsets the thrust of the hydraulic rod.
  • the hydraulic rod and the rammer can keep moving synchronously, thereby ensuring the impact speed and impact force of the rammer, achieving a balance between the buffering effect and the impact force, and better affecting the cylinder.
  • Protective effects
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional front view of the overall structure of the device provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional side view of the overall structure of the device provided by the present invention.
  • a hydraulic tamping machine for large-area foundation soil reinforcement includes a housing 1, a hydraulic rod 3 and a tamper 4;
  • Housing 1 is used to connect to external mobile equipment.
  • the bottom of housing 1 is connected to a tamping plate 2, and the tamping plate 2 is in direct contact with the ground;
  • Hydraulic rod 3 is connected to the top of housing 1;
  • the ramming hammer 4 is slidingly connected to the lower end of the hydraulic rod 3. Under the telescopic effect of the hydraulic rod 3, the ramming hammer 4 is driven to reciprocate to vertically strike the tamping plate 2;
  • the inner cavity of the rammer 4 is provided with a chute 5 for the hydraulic rod 3 to slide.
  • One end of the hydraulic rod 3 extending into the inner cavity of the chute 5 is connected to an elastic compression component 6.
  • the impact force of the rammer 4 reversely acts on the hydraulic pressure.
  • the elastic compression component 6 undergoes elastic deformation to buffer the impact force of the rammer 4 on the hydraulic rod 3;
  • the top and bottom of one side wall of the rammer 4 are provided with air outlets 7.
  • the two air outlets 7 are connected with the chute 5.
  • the two air outlets 7 are connected through the connecting pipe 13.
  • the hydraulic rod 3 reciprocates.
  • the elastic compression component 6 compresses the gas in the inner cavity of the chute 5 to replace the gas at the upper and lower ends of the inner cavity of the rammer 4, consuming the impact force of the rammer 4 on the hydraulic rod 3 in the form of work, and cooperates with the elastic compression component 6 Elastic deformation to achieve the effect of multiple buffering blows;
  • the device adopts a split connection mode through the hydraulic rod 3 and the rammer. Compared with the existing technology, the device performs primary buffering through the elastic compression component 6, and performs work on the gas in the chute 5 through the elastic compression component 6. Secondary buffering, and during the secondary buffering process, it can not only buffer the impact of the rammer, but also protect the compression parts in the elastic compression assembly 6. At the same time, when the elastic compression assembly 6 moves to the highest end, The gas at the upper end of the chute 5 is compressed to the lower end of the chute 5 through the two air outlets 7 and the communication pipe 13. At this time, the pressure at the lower end continues to increase, and the pressure at the upper end continues to decrease, thus affecting the elastic compression component.
  • the rammer 4 is lowered synchronously, thereby increasing the dynamic potential energy of the rammer 4, and thereby increasing the impact force of the rammer while ensuring the buffering effect, so as to achieve a balance between buffering and impact force.
  • the elastic compression component 6 includes a plunger 61 and a telescopic spring 62.
  • the plunger 61 is connected to one end of the hydraulic rod 3 extending into the inner cavity of the chute 5.
  • the plunger 61 and the rammer 4 A telescopic spring 62 sleeved on the hydraulic rod 3 is connected between the inner cavities of the telescopic spring 62 to buffer the impact force of the rammer 4 on the hydraulic rod 3 under the elastic deformation of the telescopic spring 62 .
  • the oil cylinder drives the hydraulic rod 3 to move. Due to the gravity of the tamper 4, when the hydraulic rod 3 is retracted, the hydraulic rod 3 drives the plunger 61 to slide upward along the inner cavity of the chute 5.
  • the plunger 61 compresses the telescopic spring 62, thereby causing the telescopic spring 62 to elastically deform, and when the plunger 61 rises and compresses, the gas at the upper end of the chute 5 is compressed, and flows along the communication tube 13 to the lower end of the chute 5 , at this time, the pressure at the lower end continues to increase, and the pressure at the upper end continues to decrease, thereby exerting a downward and upward suction effect on the elastic compression component 6.
  • the plunger 61 compresses the gas at the upper and lower ends of the chute 5, the gas mainly flows in front of the two gas outlets 7, and the plunger 61 divides the chute 5 into two independent chambers.
  • the two independent chambers are respectively Connected to the corresponding air outlets 7, when the plunger 61 moves to the extreme positions of the upper and lower ends of the chute 5, the two air outlets 7 should avoid being directly connected to the same chamber of the chute 5.
  • the two air outlets 7 are respectively the same as the distance between the top and the bottom of the vertical section of the rammer 4, and the size of the distance is smaller than the height of the plunger 61 to prevent the plunger 61 from sliding.
  • the gas at the upper and lower ends of the inner cavity of the chute 5 will flow back.
  • the gas in the chute 5 mainly circulates through the two air outlets 7, which may be accompanied by harsh noises. Therefore, it can be considered that the connection between the rammer 4 and the hydraulic rod 3 The outside is wrapped with noise-reducing material to reduce noise generation.
  • the ramming hammer 4 directly acts on the ramming plate 2.
  • the rammer 4 is in a T-shape, and the chute 5 is provided in the inner cavity of the vertical section of the rammer 4.
  • the transverse section of the rammer 4 is close to the end surface of the ramming plate 2, thereby expanding the
  • the contact area between the ramming hammer 4 and the ramming plate 2 drives the transverse section of the ramming hammer 4 to impact the end face of the tamping plate 2 during the reciprocating motion of the hydraulic rod 3.
  • the hydraulic rod 3 slides along the chute 5 in the inner cavity of the rammer 4, the hydraulic rod 3 needs to lift the plunger 61 to the extreme position before impact. During this process, the gravity of the rammer 4 is relatively large. In order to reduce this effect, the separation between the plunger 61 and the rammer 4 may occur during the lifting process.
  • the top of the rammer 4 is provided with a sliding hole 8 connected to the chute 5, and the sliding hole 8 is slidingly connected to the hydraulic rod 3;
  • the diameter of the sliding hole 8 is smaller than the diameter of the chute 5 so that the plunger 61 is limited to slide in the inner cavity of the rammer 4. This ensures that the plunger 61 can only slide along the inner cavity of the rammer 4, effectively preventing the rammer 4 from sliding. Possibility of separation from plunger 61.
  • the telescopic spring 62 Since the telescopic spring 62 is connected between the hydraulic rod 3 and the rammer 4, during the deformation process of the telescopic spring 62, if the linear motion between the hydraulic rod 3 and the rammer 4 cannot be guaranteed, and the telescopic spring 62 elastically deforms, the tamper will The reaction force generated by 4 will not act uniformly on the telescopic spring 62, so that the buffering effect produced by the telescopic spring 62 will be weakened. Therefore, when the rammer 4 moves, it is necessary to ensure that there is sufficient space between the rammer 4 and the hydraulic rod 3. Keep moving in a straight line.
  • both sides of the ramming plate 2 are fixedly connected with limiting columns 9, and the sides of the two limiting columns 9 away from the ramming plate 2 are both in contact with the top of the inner cavity of the vertical section of the ramming hammer 4.
  • the left and right sides of the transverse section of the rammer 4 are provided with limit grooves 11 for the limit columns 9 to slide through, so that the rammer 4 can be limited so that the rammer 4 can move along the limit columns. 9 slides.
  • the tamper hammer 4 has a T-shaped structure, and the part that plays the main buffering effect is arranged on the vertical section of the tamper hammer 4, when limiting the position of the tamper hammer 4, it is also necessary to ensure that the vertical section is balance, so that the rammer 4 maintains linear motion as a whole.
  • the two limiting columns 9 are slidingly connected with movable sleeves 10.
  • One end of the two movable sleeves 10 away from the limiting column 9 is respectively connected with the two vertical sections of the rammer 4.
  • the side walls are connected so that the entire rammer 4 slides down in a straight line so that the impact force is concentrated on the same point.
  • the movable sleeve 10 is slidingly connected between the limiting column 9 and the rammer 4, the movable sleeve 10 moves synchronously driven by the rammer 4. Considering that the rammer 4 will generate impact force during the movement, therefore When the movable sleeve is limited, can the movable sleeve 10 also have a buffering effect on the rammer 4?
  • a tension spring 12 sleeved on the limiting column 9 is connected between the movable sleeve 10 and the top of the inner cavity of the vertical section of the rammer 4.
  • the rammer 4 has a tendency to move downward.
  • the tension spring 12 located on the limit column 9 undergoes elastic deformation, and the force generated by the elastic deformation has the ability to push the rammer 4
  • the downward movement trend when the rammer 4 hits the ramming plate 2, the elastic deformation of the tension spring 12 is used to further buffer the impact force of the rammer 4, and when the rammer 4 slides down, the tension spring 12 can also
  • the downward movement of the rammer 4 provides the initial speed of movement, thereby increasing the dynamic potential energy of the rammer 4, and under the elastic deformation of the tension spring 12, it can also ensure that the hydraulic rod 3 is in contact with the hydraulic rod at the moment when the force is applied. 3 can move synchronously.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Road Paving Machines (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种大面积地基土加固的液压夯实机，包括壳体，壳体的底部连接有夯板，液压杆，连接在壳体的顶部；夯锤，滑动连接在液压杆的下端，夯锤的内腔开设有供液压杆滑动的滑槽，夯锤的一侧壁的顶部与底部均开设有出气口，两个出气口均与滑槽相连通，两个出气口之间通过连通管相连通，在液压杆往复运动的过程中弹性压缩组件压缩滑槽内腔的气体使夯锤内腔上下端气体实现置换，以做功的方式消耗夯锤对液压杆的冲击力，在液压杆下压的过程中，位于弹性压缩组件下方的滑槽的内腔压强增大以消减液压杆沿滑槽向下滑动的趋势，以使夯锤具有更大的动力势能，改装置在对油缸起到缓冲的保护的条件下，也能平衡冲击力缓冲与夯实效果之间的关系。

Description

一种大面积地基土加固的液压夯实机
本申请基于申请号为202211062598.8、申请日为2022年08月31日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及液压夯实机的技术领域，具体为一种大面积地基土加固的液压夯实机。
背景技术
液压夯实机原理是：提高至一定高度的夯锤在作用力作用下加快降落，敲击带减震胶垫的夯板，间接的夯击路面；在挪动机的牵引带动下可对地面不同部位开展精确、迅速地压实，由于油缸与夯锤之间的连接方式为硬连接，因此在夯锤高速冲击夯板后，油缸会承受回弹(反震)的力，在长时间的冲击过程中，油缸可能或发生损坏。
目前现有技术中液压夯实机针对上述问题采取的技术手段一种为在夯锤与夯板之间增设缓冲装置以减少油缸受到的冲击；或是另一种采用夯锤与油缸之间液压杆采用分体式设计，并在夯锤与油缸之间液压杆之间设置缓冲装置以减少油缸受到的冲击，上述两种方法虽然都能够减轻夯锤对油缸的冲击，但是都存在一些缺陷，如：
1)、第一种方式中的夯锤直接作用在缓冲装置上，缓冲装置阻碍了夯锤的下冲，大大降低了夯锤对夯板的冲击力，且该缓冲效果仅仅依赖于缓冲装置这一种缓冲方式；
2)、第二种方式虽然能够保证夯锤能够直接撞击在夯板上，不会有阻碍夯锤下落的阻碍物，但是在撞击过程中，液压杆由于伸缩的惯性，在向下冲击时，会先推动夯锤与液压杆之间的缓冲装置运动一端距离，由于这种现象的存在，液压杆对夯锤的推力将会大大的减弱，从而影响夯锤下落的速度， 即夯锤在下落冲击时，依靠自身重力与液压杆推力产生的动力势能将会减小，从而影响夯锤的冲击力。
所以上述结构无法从根本上解决冲击力缓冲与夯实效果之间的矛盾。
综上，目前现有的液压夯实机夯实装置的液压油缸在进行作业时受冲击较大，频繁且大的冲击会严重影响液压油缸的使用寿命，且冲击力缓冲与夯实效果之间无法做到平衡。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种大面积地基土加固的液压夯实机，以解决目前现有的液压夯实机夯实装置的液压油缸在进行作业时受冲击较大，频繁且大的冲击会严重影响液压油缸的使用寿命，且冲击力缓冲与夯实效果之间无法做到平衡的技术问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明具体提供下述技术方案：
一种大面积地基土加固的液压夯实机，包括
壳体，用于连接在外部移动设备上，所述壳体的底部连接有夯板，所述夯板与地面直接接触；
液压杆，连接在所述壳体的顶部；
夯锤，滑动连接在所述液压杆的下端，在所述液压杆的伸缩作用下带动所述夯锤往复运动以竖直敲击所述夯板；
其中，所述夯锤的内腔开设有供所述液压杆滑动的滑槽，所述液压杆伸入所述滑槽内腔的一端连接有弹性压缩组件在所述夯锤因冲击力反向作用于所述液压杆时所述弹性压缩组件发生弹性形变以缓冲所述夯锤对所述液压杆的冲击力；
所述夯锤的一侧壁的顶部与底部均开设有出气口，两个所述出气口均与所述滑槽相连通，两个所述出气口之间通过连通管相连通，在所述液压杆往复运动的过程中所述弹性压缩组件压缩所述滑槽内腔的气体使所述夯锤内腔上下端气体实现置换，以做功的方式消耗所述夯锤对所述液压杆的冲击力，并配合所述弹性压缩组件的弹性形变以达到多次缓冲击的效果；
同时，在所述液压杆下压的过程中，位于所述弹性压缩组件下方的所述滑槽的内腔压强增大以消减所述液压杆沿所述滑槽向下滑动的趋势，以使所述夯锤具有更大的动力势能，从而提高所述液压夯实机的压实效果。
作为本发明的一种优选方案，所述弹性压缩组件包括柱塞与伸缩弹簧，所述柱塞连接在所述液压杆伸入所述滑槽内腔的一端上，所述柱塞与所述夯锤的内腔之间连接有套接在所述液压杆上的伸缩弹簧，在所述伸缩弹簧的弹性形变作用下以缓冲所述夯锤对所述液压杆的冲击力。
作为本发明的一种优选方案，所述夯锤为T形形状，所述滑槽设置在所述夯锤夯锤竖直段的内腔，所述夯锤的横段贴近所述夯板的端面，从而扩大所述夯锤与所述夯板的接触面积，在所述液压杆往复运动过程中以带动所述夯锤的横段冲击夯板的端面。
作为本发明的一种优选方案，所述夯锤的顶部开设有与所述滑槽相连通的滑孔，所述滑孔与所述液压杆相滑动连接；
所述滑孔的直径小于所述滑槽的直径，以使所述柱塞限定在所述夯锤的内腔滑动。
作为本发明的一种优选方案，两个所述出气口分别与所述夯锤竖直段的顶部与底部之间的间距相同，且该间距的大小小于所述柱塞的高度，以避免所述柱塞滑动至上下的极限位置时所述滑槽内腔上下端的气体发生回流。所述夯板的两侧固接有限位柱，两个所述限位柱远离夯板的一侧均与所述夯锤的竖直段的内腔顶部相连接，所述夯锤的横段左右两侧的内向均开设有的供所述限位柱滑动穿过的限位槽。
作为本发明的一种优选方案，两个所述限位柱上均滑动连接有活动套，两个所述活动套远离所述限位柱的一端分别与所述夯锤的竖直段的两个侧壁相连接，以使整个所述夯锤沿直线下滑，使冲击力集中在同一点上。
作为本发明的一种优选方案，所述活动套与所述夯锤的竖直段的内腔顶部之间连接有套接在所述限位柱上的拉伸弹簧，在所述拉伸弹簧的弹性形变作用下以使所述夯锤具有向下运动的趋势。
本发明与现有技术相比较具有如下有益效果：
本发明通过弹性压缩组件对滑槽的压缩作用，往复的实现滑槽内腔上下端气体的置换，以对气体做功的方式进一步的消耗夯锤产生的反作用力，从而缓冲夯锤与驱动液压杆运动的油缸之间的冲击力，并配合弹性压缩组件的弹性形变实现多次缓冲夯锤冲击力的效果，且在压缩过程中，下端被压缩的气体对液压杆的推力起到抵消的作用，从而在液压杆施力的瞬间，液压杆与夯锤能够保持同步运动，进而保证了夯锤的冲击速度与冲击力，达到了缓冲效果与冲击力之间的平衡，更好的对油缸起到保护作用。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明的实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是示例性的，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图引伸获得其它的实施附图。
图1为本发明提供的装置整体结构示意图；
图2为本发明提供的装置整体结构的剖面主视图；
图3为本发明提供的装置整体结构的剖面侧视图；
图中的标号分别表示如下：
1、壳体；2、夯板；3、液压杆；4、夯锤；5、滑槽；6、弹性压缩组件；7、出气口；8、滑孔；9、限位柱；10、活动套；11、限位槽；12、拉伸弹簧；13、连通管；
61、柱塞；62、伸缩弹簧。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1-3所示，一种大面积地基土加固的液压夯实机，包括壳体1、液压杆3与夯锤4；
壳体1，用于连接在外部移动设备上，壳体1的底部连接有夯板2，夯板2与地面直接接触；
液压杆3，连接在壳体1的顶部；
夯锤4，滑动连接在液压杆3的下端，在液压杆3的伸缩作用下带动夯锤4往复运动以竖直敲击夯板2；
其中，夯锤4的内腔开设有供液压杆3滑动的滑槽5，液压杆3伸入滑槽5内腔的一端连接有弹性压缩组件6在夯锤4因冲击力反向作用于液压杆3时弹性压缩组件6发生弹性形变以缓冲夯锤4对液压杆3的冲击力；
夯锤4的一侧壁的顶部与底部均开设有出气口7，两个出气口7均与滑槽5相连通，两个出气口7之间通过连通管13相连通，在液压杆3往复运动的过程中弹性压缩组件6压缩滑槽5内腔的气体使夯锤4内腔上下端气体实现置换，以做功的方式消耗夯锤4对液压杆3的冲击力，并配合弹性压缩组件6的弹性形变以达到多次缓冲击的效果；
同时，在液压杆3下压的过程中，位于弹性压缩组件6下方的滑槽5的内腔压强增大以消减液压杆3沿滑槽5向下滑动的趋势，以使夯锤4具有更大的动力势能，从而提高液压夯实机的压实效果；
该装置通过液压杆3与夯锤采用分体的连接方式，相对于现有的技术来说，本装置通过弹性压缩组件6进行一次缓冲，通过弹性压缩组件6对滑槽5中气体的做功进行二次缓冲，且在二次缓冲过程中不仅仅能够对夯锤的冲击进行缓冲，也能够对弹性压缩组件6中的压缩件起到保护作用，同时弹性压缩组件6在运动到最高端时，滑槽5上端的气体均通过两个出气口7与连通管13被压缩到滑槽5的下端，此时下端的压强的不断的增大，上端的压强不断的减小，从而对弹性压缩组件6起到下顶上吸的效果，即在液压杆3下压时，液压杆3带动弹性压缩组件6运动的力被气体产生的压强所减弱，保证了夯锤能够在液压杆下压的过程中同步下降，从而提高了夯锤4的动力势能，进而在保证缓冲的作用下也能提高夯锤的冲击力，以实现缓冲与冲击力之间的平衡。
具体的，如图2-3所示，弹性压缩组件6包括柱塞61与伸缩弹簧62，柱塞61连接在液压杆3伸入滑槽5内腔的一端上，柱塞61与夯锤4的内腔之间连接有套 接在液压杆3上的伸缩弹簧62，在伸缩弹簧62的弹性形变作用下以缓冲夯锤4对液压杆3的冲击力。
在进行压实时，油缸驱动液压杆3运动，由于夯锤4自身重力的原因，在液压杆3回收时，液压杆3带动柱塞61沿滑槽5的内腔滑动上升，在上升的过程中，柱塞61压缩伸缩弹簧62，从而使伸缩弹簧62产生弹性形变，且柱塞61上升压缩时，滑槽5内部的上端的气体被压缩，并顺着连通管13流动到滑槽5的下端，此时下端的压强的不断的增大，上端的压强不断的减小，从而对弹性压缩组件6起到下顶上吸的效果，当液压杆3下压时，下端被压缩的气体对液压杆3的推力起到抵消的作用，从而在液压杆3施力的瞬间，液压杆3与夯锤4能够保持同步运动，进而保证了夯锤4的冲击速度，当夯锤4撞击到夯板2时，夯锤4在冲击力的作用下，反向的沿液压杆3滑动，产生的反向作用力一部分用于对伸缩弹簧62的弹性形变，利用伸缩弹簧62的弹性形变来减缓冲击力。同时在夯锤4反向运动的过程中，夯锤4与柱塞61之间产生相对的位移，从而将滑槽5内腔的下端的气体导入滑槽5的上端，并在伸缩弹簧62的缓冲作用下，往复的实现滑槽5内腔上下端气体的置换，以对气体做功的方式进一步的消耗夯锤4产生的反作用力，从而缓冲夯锤4与驱动液压杆3运动的油缸之间的冲击力。
其中，在柱塞61压缩滑槽5上下端的气体时，气体主要沿两个出气口7之前流动，且柱塞61将滑槽5分割成两个独立的腔室，两个独立的腔室分别与对应的出气口7相连通，当柱塞61运动至滑槽5上下端的极限位置时，两个出气口7之间应该避免直接与滑槽5的同一个腔室连通。
具体的，如图3所示，两个出气口7分别与夯锤4竖直段的顶部与底部之间的间距相同，且该间距的大小小于柱塞61的高度，以避免柱塞61滑动至上下的极限位置时滑槽5内腔上下端的气体发生回流。
在柱塞61往复活动的过程中，滑槽5中的气体主要通过两个出气口7进行循环的，其过程中可能伴随有较为刺耳的噪音，因此可以考虑在夯锤4与液压杆3的外侧包裹降噪材料，以降低噪音的产生。
在工作过程中，夯锤4直接作用于夯板2上的，夯锤4与夯板2的接触面积 越大，该装置的压实面积将会更加的均匀，且压实面积也相对来说较大，但是，夯锤4主要通过液压杆3来提供冲击速度的，考虑到制造的成本，夯锤4需要尽可能在用材少的情况下还能保证大面积的压实。
具体地，如图1所示，夯锤4为T形形状，滑槽5设置在夯锤4夯锤4竖直段的内腔，夯锤4的横段贴近夯板2的端面，从而扩大夯锤4与夯板2的接触面积，在液压杆3往复运动过程中以带动夯锤4的横段冲击夯板2的端面。
进一步的，由于液压杆3沿夯锤4内腔的滑槽5滑动的，在冲击前液压杆3需要将柱塞61拉升至极限位置，在此过程中，夯锤4自身重力较大，可能在拉升过程中，导致柱塞61与夯锤4之间的分离，为了降低这种影响。
具体的，如图2所示，夯锤4的顶部开设有与滑槽5相连通的滑孔8，滑孔8与液压杆3相滑动连接；
滑孔8的直径小于滑槽5的直径，以使柱塞61限定在夯锤4的内腔滑动，这样能够保证柱塞61只能够沿夯锤4的内腔滑动，有效的避免夯锤4与柱塞61之间分离的可能。
由于液压杆3与夯锤4之间连接有伸缩弹簧62，在伸缩弹簧62形变过程中，若液压杆3与夯锤4之间不能够保证直线运动，伸缩弹簧62发生弹性形变时，夯锤4产生的反作用力将不会均匀的作用到伸缩弹簧62上，从而使伸缩弹簧62产生的缓冲效果将会减弱，因此在夯锤4运动时，需要保证夯锤4与液压杆3之间能够保持直线运动。
具体的，如图1-2所示，夯板2的两侧固接有限位柱9，两个限位柱9远离夯板2的一侧均与夯锤4的竖直段的内腔顶部相连接，夯锤4的横段左右两侧的内向均开设有的供限位柱9滑动穿过的限位槽11，这样能够对夯锤4进行限位，使夯锤4沿限位柱9滑动。
进一步的，由于夯锤4呈T形结构形状，其中，起到主要缓冲效果的部位设置在夯锤4的竖直段上，因此在对夯锤4限位时，也要保证竖直段的平衡，从而使夯锤4整体保持直线运动。
具体的，如图1-2所示，两个限位柱9上均滑动连接有活动套10，两个活动套10远离限位柱9的一端分别与夯锤4的竖直段的两个侧壁相连接，以使整个 夯锤4沿直线下滑，使冲击力集中在同一点上。
更进一步的，由于活动套10滑动连接在限位柱9与夯锤4之间的，活动套10在夯锤4带动下同步运动，考虑到夯锤4在运动过程中会产生冲击力，因此在活动套限位时，能否也能使活动套10也能起到对夯锤4产生一个缓冲效果。
具体的，如图1-2所示，活动套10与夯锤4的竖直段的内腔顶部之间连接有套接在限位柱9上的拉伸弹簧12，在拉伸弹簧12的弹性形变作用下以使夯锤4具有向下运动的趋势。
在夯锤4上升时，夯锤4带动活动套10沿限位柱9滑动，此时，位于限位柱9上的拉伸弹簧12发生弹性形变，弹性形变产生的作用力具有推动夯锤4向下运动的趋势，在夯锤4撞击夯板2时，利用拉伸弹簧12的弹性形变来进一步的缓冲夯锤4的冲击力，且在夯锤4下滑时，拉伸弹簧12也能够为夯锤4的下滑提供移动的初速度，从而提高夯锤4的动力势能，且在拉伸弹簧12的弹性形变作用下也能够保证了液压杆3在施力的瞬间，夯锤4与液压杆3能够同步运动。
以上实施例仅为本申请的示例性实施例，不用于限制本申请，本申请的保护范围由权利要求书限定。本领域技术人员可以在本申请的实质和保护范围内，对本申请做出各种修改或等同替换，这种修改或等同替换也应视为落在本申请的保护范围内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种大面积地基土加固的液压夯实机，其特征在于，包括
    壳体(1)，用于连接在外部移动设备上，所述壳体(1)的底部连接有夯板(2)，所述夯板(2)与地面直接接触；
    液压杆(3)，连接在所述壳体(1)的顶部；
    夯锤(4)，滑动连接在所述液压杆(3)的下端，在所述液压杆(3)的伸缩作用下带动所述夯锤(4)往复运动以竖直敲击所述夯板(2)；
    其中，所述夯锤(4)的内腔开设有供所述液压杆(3)滑动的滑槽(5)，所述液压杆(3)伸入所述滑槽(5)内腔的一端连接有弹性压缩组件(6)在所述夯锤(4)因冲击力反向作用于所述液压杆(3)时所述弹性压缩组件(6)发生弹性形变以缓冲所述夯锤(4)对所述液压杆(3)的冲击力；
    所述夯锤(4)的一侧壁的顶部与底部均开设有出气口(7)，两个所述出气口(7)均与所述滑槽(5)相连通，两个所述出气口(7)之间通过连通管(13)相连通，在所述液压杆(3)往复运动的过程中所述弹性压缩组件(6)压缩所述滑槽(5)内腔的气体使所述夯锤(4)内腔上下端气体实现置换，以做功的方式消耗所述夯锤(4)对所述液压杆(3)的冲击力，并配合所述弹性压缩组件(6)的弹性形变以达到多次缓冲击的效果；
    同时，在所述液压杆(3)下压的过程中，位于所述弹性压缩组件(6)下方的所述滑槽(5)的内腔压强增大以消减所述液压杆(3)沿所述滑槽(5)向下滑动的趋势，以使所述夯锤(4)具有更大的动力势能，从而提高所述液压夯实机的压实效果。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种大面积地基土加固的液压夯实机，其特征在于，
    所述弹性压缩组件(6)包括柱塞(61)与伸缩弹簧(62)，所述柱塞(61)连接在所述液压杆(3)伸入所述滑槽(5)内腔的一端上，所述柱塞(61)与所述夯锤(4)的内腔之间连接有套接在所述液压杆(3)上的伸缩弹簧(62)，在所述伸缩弹簧(62)的弹性形变作用下以缓冲所述夯锤(4)对所述液压杆(3)的冲击力。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种大面积地基土加固的液压夯实机，其特征在于，
    所述夯锤(4)为T形形状，所述滑槽(5)设置在所述夯锤(4)夯锤(4)竖直段的内腔，所述夯锤(4)的横段贴近所述夯板(2)的端面，从而扩大所述夯锤(4)与所述夯板(2)的接触面积，在所述液压杆(3)往复运动过程中以带动所述夯锤(4)的横段冲击夯板(2)的端面。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种大面积地基土加固的液压夯实机，其特征在于，
    所述夯锤(4)的顶部开设有与所述滑槽(5)相连通的滑孔(8)，所述滑孔(8)与所述液压杆(3)相滑动连接；
    所述滑孔(8)的直径小于所述滑槽(5)的直径，以使所述柱塞(61)限定在所述夯锤(4)的内腔滑动。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种大面积地基土加固的液压夯实机，其特征在于，
    两个所述出气口(7)分别与所述夯锤(4)竖直段的顶部与底部之间的间距相同，且该间距的大小小于所述柱塞(61)的高度，以避免所述柱塞(61)滑动至上下的极限位置时所述滑槽(5)内腔上下端的气体发生回流。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种大面积地基土加固的液压夯实机，其特征在于，
    所述夯板(2)的两侧固接有限位柱(9)，两个所述限位柱(9)远离夯板(2)的一侧均与所述夯锤(4)的竖直段的内腔顶部相连接，所述夯锤(4)的横段左右两侧的内向均开设有的供所述限位柱(9)滑动穿过的限位槽(11)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种大面积地基土加固的液压夯实机，其特征在于，
    两个所述限位柱(9)上均滑动连接有活动套(10)，两个所述活动套(10)远离所述限位柱(9)的一端分别与所述夯锤(4)的竖直段的两个侧壁相连接，以使整个所述夯锤(4)沿直线下滑，使冲击力集中在同一点上。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种大面积地基土加固的液压夯实机，其特征 在于，
    所述活动套(10)与所述夯锤(4)的竖直段的内腔顶部之间连接有套接在所述限位柱(9)上的拉伸弹簧(12)，在所述拉伸弹簧(12)的弹性形变作用下以使所述夯锤(4)具有向下运动的趋势。
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