WO2024044951A1 - 电池单体、电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024044951A1
WO2024044951A1 PCT/CN2022/115781 CN2022115781W WO2024044951A1 WO 2024044951 A1 WO2024044951 A1 WO 2024044951A1 CN 2022115781 W CN2022115781 W CN 2022115781W WO 2024044951 A1 WO2024044951 A1 WO 2024044951A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery cell
wall
electrode terminal
cell according
protective
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/115781
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林蹬华
陈龙
陈新祥
郑于炼
王鹏
金海族
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/115781 priority Critical patent/WO2024044951A1/zh
Publication of WO2024044951A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024044951A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/569—Constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • Battery cells are widely used in electronic devices, such as mobile phones, laptops, battery cars, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes, electric tools, etc.
  • the battery cells may include cadmium-nickel battery cells, nickel-hydrogen battery cells, lithium-ion battery cells, secondary alkaline zinc-manganese battery cells, etc.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell, a battery and a power device, which can effectively improve the safety and reliability of the battery cell.
  • inventions of the present application provide a battery cell.
  • the battery cell includes a casing, an electrode assembly, a detection component and a protection component.
  • the casing has a receiving cavity, the electrode assembly is received in the receiving cavity, and the detection component is connected to The casing is used to detect the working status of the battery cell.
  • the protective component protrudes from the casing and is arranged on the same side as the detection component to protect the detection component.
  • the working status of the battery cells can be controlled in real time, and abnormal parameters in the operation of the battery cells can be quickly warned, so that the corresponding safety agencies or personnel can Responding in a timely manner can improve the safety and reliability of battery cells.
  • a protective component for protecting the detection component the risk of damage to the detection component during use of the battery cell can be reduced.
  • the housing includes a first wall, and the detection assembly is connected to the first wall.
  • the detection component is located on a side of the first wall facing away from the containing cavity.
  • the occupation of the internal space of the battery cell by the detection component and the protection component can be reduced; at the same time, the installation and replacement of the detection component and the protection component are facilitated.
  • the housing includes an electrode terminal, the electrode terminal protrudes from a side surface of the first wall facing away from the accommodation cavity, the electrode terminal is electrically connected to the tab of the electrode assembly, and the detection component is electrically connected to the electrode terminal. Connection portions are formed on the electrode terminals.
  • the protective assembly includes a first protective piece protruding from a side surface of the electrode terminal facing away from the first wall, and the first protective piece is used to protect the electrode terminal away from the first wall.
  • One side surface is separated from the connection part.
  • the detection component can be reduced in the battery. Risk of damage to the monomer during the formation process.
  • the first protective members are distributed in annular segments or annularly distributed along the circumferential direction of the electrode terminal.
  • the connecting portion can be protected in a more targeted manner.
  • the detection component can be protected by using less material, which can effectively reduce costs; by arranging the first protective member as a structure distributed annularly along the circumferential direction of the electrode terminal, the entire central area of the electrode terminal can be protected. Being surrounded and spaced apart maximizes the protection range of the first protective member, effectively improving the protective effect of the first protective member on the detection component.
  • the first protective member includes a main body part and an escape part, and the escape part is formed by the main body part being recessed toward the center point of the electrode terminal to avoid the connection part.
  • the avoidance portion of the first protective piece by using the avoidance portion of the first protective piece, not only the main body of the first protective piece can be placed closer to the edge of the electrode terminal, but also the friction between the first protective piece and the electrode terminal plug can be effectively reduced. direct influence. It can also make the protective area formed by the first protective piece close to the connection part larger, and further enhance the protective effect of the first protective piece on the detection component.
  • the first guard along the thickness direction of the first wall, the first guard has a dimension h1 and the connecting portion has a dimension h2, h1>h2.
  • the size h1 of the first protective member is larger than the size h2 of the connecting portion, so that the first protective member can fully isolate the connecting portion from the central area of the electrode terminal. open.
  • the risk of the formation nail touching the connection part and causing damage to the connection part when deviation occurs in the insertion can be reduced.
  • the protective effect of the first protective piece on the detection component is further enhanced.
  • h1 and h2 satisfy the relationship: h1-h2 ⁇ 1 mm.
  • the relationship between the size h1 of the first protective member and the size h2 of the connecting portion is set within the above range, which can further improve the protective effect of the first protective member.
  • the wall thickness d1 of the first protective member is ⁇ 0.5 mm.
  • setting the wall thickness d1 of the first protective member within the above range can further improve the protective effect of the first protective member.
  • the battery cell further includes an insulating member for insulating the electrode terminal from the first wall; the insulating member has a convex portion protruding from a side surface of the electrode terminal facing away from the first wall, The convex portion is configured as a first guard.
  • the protruding portion and the insulating member are integrally formed structures.
  • a convex portion is provided on the insulating member to be used as the first protective member, and the convex portion is integrally formed on the insulating member through a stamping process, so that the convex portion and the insulating member form an integrated structure.
  • the convex part of this embodiment it is convenient to apply the convex part of this embodiment to the design of the existing insulating part without making too many changes to the design of the existing insulating part.
  • the convex part is formed on the insulating part through a stamping process, and the manufacturing process is simple. , and the convex part can be formed without adding other additional materials.
  • the insulating member is provided with a through hole, and the detection component is connected to the electrode terminal through the through hole.
  • the detection component passes through the through hole and is connected to the electrode terminal located inside the insulator.
  • the connection between the detection component and the electrode terminal is located inside the insulator, which reduces the connection between the detection component and the electrode terminal. Risk of damage due to exposure to external environment.
  • a liquid injection hole is provided on the first wall
  • the protective assembly includes a second protective piece that protrudes from a side surface of the first wall facing away from the accommodation cavity and surrounds the liquid injection hole. set up.
  • the second protective member by arranging the second protective member around the liquid injection hole, the risk of damage to the detection component caused by electrolyte overflow can be reduced, and the protective effect of the protective component is further improved.
  • the size h3 of the second guard is ⁇ 1 mm.
  • setting the size h3 of the second protective piece within the above range can further improve the protective effect of the second protective piece.
  • the second protective member includes a blocking part and an adsorption part, and the adsorption part is disposed on a side of the blocking part facing away from the liquid injection hole.
  • the second protective piece includes a blocking part and an adsorption part provided on the side of the blocking part facing away from the liquid injection hole. While the blocking part can reduce the overflow of the electrolyte, the adsorption part can further prevent the electrolyte from being splashed out in rare cases. The electrolyte is absorbed, further strengthening the protective effect of the second protective piece.
  • the adsorption portion is distributed circumferentially along the circumferential direction of the blocking portion.
  • the adsorption portions are distributed in annular segments along the circumferential direction of the barrier portion, which can use less material to absorb the electrolyte that is splashed out in rare cases, and can effectively reduce costs.
  • the adsorption part is distributed annularly along the circumferential direction of the blocking part and is arranged around the entire circumference of the blocking part, which can increase the adsorption range of the adsorption part and effectively improve the adsorption effect of the adsorption part.
  • the second protective component and the first wall are integrally formed structures.
  • the first wall forms the second protective part through a stamping process, which is a simple manufacturing process and does not require the addition of other additional materials.
  • the second protective piece can be formed.
  • the housing includes a housing having an opening and an end cap for covering the opening; the end cap is configured as a first wall of the housing.
  • the protective component is made of an insulating and heat-insulating material.
  • the impact of heat generated by battery cells on the protective components during use can be reduced, and the service life of the protective components can be increased. At the same time, it can avoid interference caused by contact between the protective component and the detection component, thereby affecting the normal use of the detection component.
  • the detection assembly includes a sensing component and a connector connected to each other, and the connector is used to transmit the electrical signal to the sensing component.
  • the connector includes an optical fiber, which can increase the signal transmission speed.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a battery, including the battery cell provided in any embodiment of the second aspect.
  • embodiments of the present application provide an electrical device, including the battery cell provided in any embodiment of the second aspect, and the battery cell is used to provide electric energy.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery module shown in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the first wall structure of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a partially enlarged structural schematic diagram of the electrode terminal of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a partially enlarged structural schematic diagram of the electrode terminal of another battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a partially enlarged structural schematic diagram of the electrode terminal of another battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a partially enlarged structural schematic diagram of the electrode terminal of another battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a partially enlarged structural schematic diagram of the electrode terminal of yet another battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the first wall structure of another battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 12 is a partially enlarged structural schematic diagram of the insulator of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the first wall structure of another battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 14 is a partially enlarged structural schematic diagram of the second protective member of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the first wall structure of yet another battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the first wall structure of yet another battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Electrode assembly 20. Shell; 30. First wall; 31. Electrode terminal; 32. Insulator; 321. Through hole; 33. Liquid injection hole; 40. Detection component; 41. Connection part; 42. Sensing component; 43. Connector; 50. Protective component; 51. First protective component; 51a, main body part; 51b, avoidance part; 52. Second protective component; 52a, blocking part; 52b, adsorption part.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can be a fixed connection
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • connection can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be internal communication between two components.
  • “Plural” appearing in this application means two or more (including two).
  • parallel includes not only the absolutely parallel situation, but also the roughly parallel situation that is conventionally recognized in engineering; at the same time, the term “perpendicular” includes not only the absolutely vertical situation, but also the roughly parallel situation that is conventionally recognized in engineering. vertical situation.
  • Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power and solar power stations, but are also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles and electric cars, as well as in many fields such as military equipment and aerospace. . As the application fields of power batteries continue to expand, their market demand is also constantly expanding.
  • battery cells may include lithium ion secondary battery cells, lithium ion primary battery cells, lithium sulfur battery cells, sodium lithium ion battery cells, sodium ion battery cells or magnesium ion battery cells, etc.
  • the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery cell may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • Batteries generally include a box for packaging one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly consists of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator. Battery cells mainly rely on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the current collector that is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector that is coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer is laminated to form a positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector that is coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the current collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer is laminated to serve as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon.
  • the material of the diaphragm can be PP or PE, etc.
  • the electrode assembly may have a rolled structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell also includes an outer casing, which includes a casing, an end cover, an electrode terminal, an insulator and a filling hole.
  • the casing has an opening, and the end cover is closed and sealed with the opening to form a sealed space for accommodating the electrode assembly and the electrolyte.
  • the battery cells can be injected through the liquid injection hole on the end cover. Electrolyte is injected into the body.
  • the insulating piece is set on the electrode terminal to prevent short circuit at the electrode terminal.
  • the inventor of the present application noticed that currently existing battery cells are not equipped with detection components, so the working status of the battery cells cannot be detected in real time.
  • the working status of the battery cell includes but is not limited to voltage, temperature and other related data.
  • the existing battery cells are not equipped with protective components to protect the detection components.
  • the inventor of this application found that the working status of a battery cell can be detected in real time by setting a detection component.
  • the detection component can control the working status of the battery cells in real time, and can quickly provide early warning for abnormal parameters in the operation of the battery cells, allowing the corresponding safety agencies or personnel to respond in a timely manner, thereby improving the safety of the battery cells. performance and reliability.
  • setting up protective components to protect the detection components can reduce the risk of damage to the detection components during the use of the battery cells.
  • the inventor has designed a battery cell after in-depth research.
  • a detection component on the battery cell and a protective component for protecting the detection component
  • the working status of the battery cell can be controlled in real time. At the same time, it can also reduce the risk of damage to the detection component during the use of the battery cells.
  • Electrical devices can be vehicles, cell phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and power tools, etc.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include aircraft, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • Electric drills Electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • a battery 2 is provided inside the vehicle 1 , and the battery 2 can be provided at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 2 may be used to power the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 2 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 .
  • the vehicle 1 may also include a controller 3 and a motor 4.
  • the controller 3 is used to control the battery 2 to provide power to the motor 4, for example, to meet the power requirements for starting, navigation and driving of the vehicle 1.
  • the battery 2 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 .
  • Figure 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 2 includes a case 5 and a battery cell, and the battery cells are accommodated in the case 5 .
  • the box 5 is used to accommodate battery cells, and the box 5 can be of various structures.
  • the box body 5 may include a first box body part 5a and a second box body part 5b.
  • the first box body part 5a and the second box body part 5b cover each other.
  • the first box body part 5a and the second box body part 5b cover each other.
  • the two box portions 5b jointly define an accommodating space 5c for accommodating battery cells.
  • the second box part 5b can be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first box part 5a is a plate-like structure.
  • the first box part 5a is covered with the opening side of the second box part 5b to form a receiving space 5c.
  • the box body 5; the first box body part 5a and the second box body part 5b can also be a hollow structure with one side open, and the opening side of the first box body part 5a is covered with the opening side of the second box body part 5b , to form a box 5 having an accommodation space 5c.
  • the first box part 5a and the second box part 5b can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, rectangular parallelepiped, etc.
  • a sealing member may also be provided between the first box part 5a and the second box part 5b, such as sealant, sealing ring, etc. .
  • the first box part 5a can also be called an upper box cover, and the second box part 5b can also be called a lower box.
  • the battery 2 there may be one battery cell or a plurality of battery cells. If there are multiple battery cells, the multiple battery cells can be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection. Mixed connection means that multiple battery cells are connected in series and in parallel. Multiple battery cells can be directly connected in series or parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of multiple battery cells can be accommodated in the box 5; of course, multiple battery cells can also be connected in series or parallel first or A battery module 6 is formed by a mixed connection, and multiple battery modules 6 are connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box 5 .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery module shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 3 there are multiple battery cells 7 , and the plurality of battery cells 7 are first connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form the battery module 6 .
  • a plurality of battery modules 6 are connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box.
  • the plurality of battery cells 7 in the battery module 6 can be electrically connected through bus components to achieve parallel, series or mixed connection of the plurality of battery cells 7 in the battery module 6 .
  • Figure 4 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 7 provided by the embodiment of the present application includes an electrode assembly 10 and a casing 20 , and the electrode assembly 10 is accommodated in the casing 20 .
  • Housing 20 may also be used to contain electrolytes, such as electrolytes.
  • the housing 20 includes a first wall 30 , and the housing 20 can be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, etc.
  • the shape of the housing 20 can be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode assembly 10 . For example, if the electrode assembly 10 has a cylindrical structure, a cylindrical shell can be used; if the electrode assembly 10 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure, a rectangular parallelepiped shell can be used.
  • the battery cell 7 there may be one, two or more electrode assemblies 10 accommodated in the casing 20 .
  • the casing 20 there may be one, two or more electrode assemblies 10 accommodated in the casing 20 .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the first wall structure of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged structural schematic diagram of the electrode terminal of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 7 includes a housing 20, an electrode assembly 10, a detection component 40 and a protection component 50.
  • the housing 20 has a receiving cavity; the electrode assembly 10 is accommodated in the accommodation cavity; the detection component 40 is connected to the housing 20 and used to detect the working status of the battery cell 7; the protection component 50 protrudes from the housing 20 and is arranged on the same side as the detection component 40 to protect the detection component 40.
  • the detection component 40 can be disposed on the side of the housing 20 facing away from the accommodating cavity, or can also be disposed on the side of the housing 20 facing the accommodating cavity.
  • the detection component 40 is arranged on the side of the housing 20 away from the accommodation cavity, which can reduce the occupation of the internal space of the battery cell 7 by the detection assembly 40; overall volume.
  • the detection component 40 can detect the working status of the battery cell 7 in real time, where the working status of the battery cell 7 includes but is not limited to voltage, temperature and other related data.
  • the housing 20 includes a first wall 30 to which the detection assembly 40 is connected.
  • the first wall 30 may be any wall surrounding the housing 20 of the battery cell 7 , and the connection method between the detection component 40 and the first wall 30 may be, but is not limited to, welding, snapping, or bonding.
  • the protective component 50 is used to protect the detection component 40 and can reduce the risk of the detection component 40 being damaged during the use of the battery cell 7 such as formation or liquid injection.
  • the concept of the present invention is explained by taking the detection component 40 being disposed on the side of the first wall 30 away from the accommodation cavity as an example.
  • the protective component 50 is disposed on the same side as the detection component 40 , that is, the protective component 50 is also disposed on the surface of the end cap on the side away from the electrode assembly.
  • the protective component 50 protrudes from the housing 20 , that is, in the thickness direction of the first wall 30 , the protective component 50 protrudes from the side surface of the first wall 30 facing away from the accommodation cavity. In this way, the space occupied by the detection component 40 and the protection component 50 inside the battery cell 7 can be reduced; at the same time, the installation and replacement of the detection component 40 and the protection component 50 are also facilitated.
  • the protective component 50 for protecting the detection component 40 By providing the protective component 50 for protecting the detection component 40 , the risk of the detection component 40 being damaged during use of the battery cell 7 can be reduced.
  • the housing 20 includes an electrode terminal 31 that protrudes from a side surface of the first wall 30 facing away from the accommodation cavity.
  • the electrode terminal 31 is electrically connected to the tab of the electrode assembly 10
  • the detection component 40 is electrically connected to The electrode terminal 31 is provided with a connecting portion 41 on the electrode terminal 31 .
  • connection method between the electrode terminal 31 and the first wall 30 may be but is not limited to welding, riveting or bonding.
  • the connection method between the detection component 40 and the first wall 30 may be, but is not limited to, welding, snapping or bonding.
  • the detection component 40 is electrically connected to the electrode terminal 31 and can detect the voltage, temperature and other related data at the electrode terminal 31 of the battery cell 7 to facilitate real-time management and control of the working status of the battery cell 7.
  • the abnormal parameters can provide rapid early warning, allowing corresponding safety agencies or personnel to respond in a timely manner, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the battery cells 7 .
  • the concept of the present invention is explained by taking the detection component 40 being disposed on the side of the first wall 30 away from the accommodation cavity as an example.
  • the electrode terminal 31 protrudes from the side surface of the first wall 30 facing away from the accommodating cavity.
  • the portion of the electrode terminal 31 that protrudes from the side surface of the first wall 30 facing away from the accommodating cavity is located on the same side of the first wall 30 as the detection component 40 , to facilitate the electrical connection between the detection component 40 and the electrode terminal 31 and to form the connection portion 41 on the electrode terminal 31 .
  • the connection part 41 is the connection point between the electrode terminal 31 and the detection component 40 .
  • the protective assembly 50 includes a first protective member 51 protruding from a side surface of the electrode terminal 31 facing away from the first wall 30 , and the first protective member 51 is used to protect the electrode terminal 31 away from the first wall 30 .
  • One side surface of the wall 30 is separated from the connecting portion 41 .
  • the battery cell 7 Since the battery cell 7 has no power when the assembly is completed, it needs to be charged and activated.
  • the process of charging the battery cells 7 for the first time is called formation and is used to activate the active materials in the battery cells 7 .
  • the formation nail will be inserted into the central area of the electrode terminal 31 to perform the formation work. During this process, if the insertion of the formation nail is deviated, it is easy to accidentally touch the detection component 40 , and thus causing damage to the detection component 40.
  • the concept of the present invention is explained by taking the detection component 40 being disposed on the side of the first wall 30 away from the accommodation cavity as an example.
  • the electrode terminal 31 protrudes from the side surface of the first wall 30 facing away from the accommodating cavity.
  • the portion of the electrode terminal 31 that protrudes from the side surface of the first wall 30 facing away from the accommodating cavity is located on the same side of the first wall 30 as the detection component 40 , to facilitate the electrical connection between the detection component 40 and the electrode terminal 31 and to form the connection portion 41 on the electrode terminal 31 .
  • the connection part 41 is the connection point between the electrode terminal 31 and the detection component 40.
  • the first protective member 51 protrudes from a side surface of the electrode terminal 31 facing away from the end cover, and separates the connecting portion 41 from a central area of the side surface of the electrode terminal 31 facing away from the first wall 30 .
  • the detection assembly 40 can be reduced in size. There is a risk of damage to the battery cells 7 during the formation process.
  • FIG. 7 is a partially enlarged structural schematic diagram of the electrode terminal of another battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a partially enlarged structural schematic diagram of the electrode terminal of another battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the first protective members 51 are distributed in ring segments or in an annular shape along the circumferential direction of the electrode terminal 31 .
  • the first protective members 51 are distributed in ring segments along the circumferential direction of the electrode terminal 31 , and a protective wall is formed at the ring segment.
  • the protective wall separates the side surface of the electrode terminal 31 away from the first wall 30 from the connecting portion 41 .
  • the first protective member 51 By arranging the first protective member 51 to be annularly distributed along the circumferential direction of the electrode terminal 31, a complete protective wall is formed around the electrode terminal 31, so that the entire central area of the electrode terminal 31 can be surrounded and spaced, so that the first The protection range of the protective member 51 is maximized, which effectively improves the protective effect of the first protective member 51 on the detection component 40 .
  • FIG. 9 is a partially enlarged structural schematic diagram of the electrode terminal of yet another battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the first protective member 51 includes a main body part 51 a and an avoidance part 51 b.
  • the avoidance part 51 b is formed by the main body part 51 a being recessed toward the center point of the electrode terminal 31 to avoid the connection part. 41.
  • the main body portion 51 a of the first protective member 51 has a ring segment or annular structure along the circumferential direction of the electrode terminal 31 .
  • the escape portion 51b of the first protective member 51 is provided correspondingly to the connection portion 41 .
  • the escape portion 51b of the first protector 51 is used to escape the connection portion 41 so that the main body portion 51a of the first protector 51 can be positioned closer to the edge of the electrode terminal 31.
  • the influence of the plugging of electrode terminal 31 is arranged along the circumferential direction of the electrode terminal 31 .
  • the escape portion 51b of the first protector 51 is provided correspondingly to the connection portion 41 .
  • the escape portion 51b of the first protector 51 is used to escape the connection portion 41 so that the main body portion 51a of the first protector 51
  • the escape portion 51b is formed by the main body portion 51a being recessed in the direction of the center point of the electrode terminal 31, in the direction from the edge of the electrode terminal 31 to the center point of the electrode terminal 31, the first protective member close to the connecting portion 41
  • the protective area formed by the first protective member 51 is larger, which can further enhance the protective effect of the first protective member 51 on the detection component 40 .
  • the escape portion 51b of the first protective member 51 By arranging the escape portion 51b of the first protective member 51, not only the main body portion 51a of the first protective member 51 can be disposed closer to the edge of the electrode terminal 31, but also the first protective member 51 can be effectively reduced from becoming a nail and the electrode terminal. 31The impact of plugging. It can also make the protective area formed by the first protective member 51 close to the connection part 41 larger, and further enhance the protective effect of the first protective member 51 on the detection assembly 40 .
  • Figure 10 is a partially enlarged structural schematic diagram of the electrode terminal of yet another battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the first guard 51 has a dimension h1 and the connecting portion 41 has a dimension h2 , h1>h2.
  • the first protective member 51 protrudes from the side surface of the electrode terminal 31 away from the end cover to separate the connecting portion 41 from the central area of the electrode terminal 31 .
  • the size h1 of the first protective member 51 is the protruding height of the first protective member 51 ;
  • the size h2 of the connecting portion 41 is the height of the connecting portion 41 when the electrode terminal 31 is away from the first wall 30 The height of the protrusion on one side of the surface.
  • the size h1 of the first protective member 51 is smaller than the size h2 of the connecting portion 41 , there is a risk that the connecting portion 41 will be damaged by nails during the formation of the battery cell 7 . .
  • the size h1 of the first protective member 51 is larger than the size h2 of the connecting portion 41 , so that the first protective member 51 can fully connect the connecting portion 41 and the electrode terminal 31 .
  • the central area is separated.
  • h1 and h2 satisfy the relationship: h1-h2 ⁇ 1mm.
  • the relationship between the size h1 of the first protective member 51 and the size h2 of the connecting portion 41 is set within the above range, which can further improve the protective effect of the first protective member 51 .
  • h1-h2 can be, but are not limited to, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, and 3mm.
  • the wall thickness d1 of the first protective member 51 is ⁇ 0.5 mm.
  • the wall thickness of the first protective member 51 can be understood as the thickness of the first protective member 51 in the direction along the edge of the electrode terminal 31 toward the center point of the electrode terminal 31.
  • the wall thickness d1 of the first protective member 51 is set within the above range, which can further improve The protective effect of the first protective member 51.
  • the wall thickness d1 of the first protective member 51 may be, but is not limited to, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, or 3 mm.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the first wall structure of another battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell further includes an insulating member 32 for insulating the electrode terminal 31 from the first wall 30 ; the insulating member 32 has an insulating member 32 protruding from the electrode terminal 31 away from the first wall.
  • the convex portion on one side surface of 30 is configured as a first protective piece 51 .
  • the installation position of the insulating member 32 is not limited.
  • the insulating member 32 can be disposed on the side of the first wall 30 facing away from the accommodating cavity, the insulating member 32 can also be disposed on the side of the first wall 30 facing the accommodating cavity, or the insulating member 32 can be both disposed on the side of the first wall 30 facing away from the accommodating cavity. It is also provided on the side of the first wall 30 facing the accommodation cavity.
  • the insulating member 32 is disposed on the side of the first wall 30 away from the accommodation cavity as an example to illustrate the concept of the present invention.
  • the insulating member 32 is sleeved on the portion of the electrode terminal 31 that protrudes from the side surface of the first wall 30 away from the accommodation cavity.
  • the insulating member 32 and the electrode terminal 31 are in contact with each other.
  • the insulating member 32 is used to connect the electrode terminal 31 and the third One wall is 30 insulated.
  • the detection component 40 is disposed on a surface of the first wall 30 facing away from the accommodation cavity.
  • the insulating member 32 has a convex portion protruding from the side surface of the electrode terminal 31 facing away from the first wall 30 .
  • the convex portion is configured to connect the connecting portion of the first protective member 51 to the side surface of the electrode terminal 31 facing away from the first wall 30 .
  • the central area is separated.
  • the insulating member 32 is integrally formed with the convex portion through a stamping process, so that the convex portion and the insulating member 32 form an integrated structure.
  • the convex part of this embodiment it is convenient to apply the convex part of this embodiment to the design of the existing insulating part 32 without making too many changes to the design of the existing insulating part 32; on the other hand, the convex part is formed on the insulating part 32 through a stamping process.
  • the manufacturing process is simple, and no additional materials are needed to form the convex portion.
  • Figure 12 is a partially enlarged structural schematic diagram of the insulator of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the insulating member 32 is provided with a through hole 321 , and the detection component 40 is connected to the electrode terminal 31 through the through hole 321 .
  • the insulating member 32 is provided with a through hole 321 on a side close to the detection component.
  • the detection component passes through the through hole 321 and is electrically connected to the electrode terminal 31 located inside the insulating member 32 .
  • the detection component 40 is connected to the electrode terminal 31 located inside the insulating member 32 through the through hole 321, and the connecting portion 41 of the detecting component 40 and the electrode terminal 31 is located inside the insulating member 32, which reduces the distance between the detection component and the electrode terminal 31.
  • the connection portion 41 of the electrode terminal 31 may be damaged due to exposure to the external environment.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the first wall structure of another battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the first wall 30 is provided with a liquid injection hole 33
  • the protective assembly 50 includes a second protective member 52 .
  • the second protective member 52 protrudes from the first wall 30 away from the accommodation cavity.
  • One side surface is arranged around the liquid injection hole 33 .
  • the liquid injection hole 33 is provided through the first wall 30 , and the operator can inject electrolyte into the battery cell 7 through the liquid injection hole 33 .
  • the electrolyte may overflow outside the injection hole 33 and then flow to the detection component 40 through the surface of the first wall 30 , which may easily cause damage to the detection component 40 .
  • the concept of the present invention is explained by taking the detection component 40 disposed on the side of the first wall 30 away from the accommodation cavity as an example.
  • the second protective member 52 protrudes from the side surface of the first wall 30 away from the accommodation cavity, and the boss has a certain height along the thickness direction of the first wall 30 .
  • the detection component 40 and the second protective member 52 are located on the same side of the first wall 30 .
  • the second protective member 52 is arranged around the liquid injection hole 33 to form a boss structure surrounding the liquid injection hole 33 .
  • the orthographic projection of the second protective member 52 along the thickness direction of the first wall 30 may be a circle, a square or a triangle, etc.
  • This application does not analyze the shape of the orthographic projection of the second protective member 52 along the thickness direction of the first wall 30 . Limited and can be selected according to actual conditions.
  • the second protective member 52 can reduce the risk of electrolyte overflow.
  • the second protective member 52 By arranging the second protective member 52 around the liquid injection hole 33 , the risk of electrolyte overflow and damage to the detection component 40 can be reduced, further improving the protective effect of the protective component 50 .
  • Figure 14 is a partially enlarged structural schematic diagram of the second protective member of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the size h3 of the second protective member 52 is ⁇ 1 mm.
  • the size of the second protective member 52 can be understood as the protruding height of the second protective member 52 on the side surface of the first wall 30 away from the accommodation cavity.
  • the size h3 of the second protective member 52 is set within the above range, which can further improve the protective effect of the second protective member 52 .
  • the size h3 of the second protective member 52 may be, but is not limited to, 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, or 3 mm.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the first wall structure of yet another battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the second protective member 52 includes a blocking portion 52 a and an adsorption portion 52 b , and the adsorption portion 52 b is disposed on a side of the blocking portion 52 a facing away from the liquid injection hole 33 .
  • the blocking portion 52 a protrudes from a side surface of the first wall 30 facing away from the accommodation cavity and is provided around the liquid injection hole 33 .
  • the adsorption part 52b may be made of, but is not limited to, polyurethane, acrylic, or other materials with a liquid adsorption function.
  • the orthographic projection of the adsorbing portion 52b along the thickness direction of the first wall 30 may be a circle, a square or a triangle. This application does not limit the shape of the orthographic projection of the adsorbing portion 52b along the thickness direction of the first wall 30. It can be based on Select according to actual situation.
  • An adsorption part 52b is provided on the side of the blocking part 52a facing away from the liquid injection hole 33. When the electrolyte splashes out of the blocking part 52a, the adsorption part 52b can adsorb the splashed electrolyte.
  • the second protective member 52 includes a blocking portion 52a and an adsorbing portion 52b disposed on the side of the blocking portion 52a facing away from the liquid injection hole 33. While the blocking portion 52a can reduce electrolyte overflow, the adsorbing portion 52b can The electrolyte that is splashed out in rare cases is further adsorbed, further enhancing the protective effect of the second protective member 52 .
  • the adsorption portion 52b is distributed circumferentially along the circumferential direction of the blocking portion 52a.
  • the adsorption portions 52b are distributed in annular segments along the circumferential direction of the blocking portion 52a, which can absorb the electrolyte spilled in rare cases using less material, and can effectively reduce costs.
  • the adsorption portion 52b is distributed annularly along the circumferential direction of the blocking portion 52a and is arranged around the entire circumference of the blocking portion 52a, which can increase the adsorption range of the adsorption portion 52b and effectively improve the adsorption effect of the adsorption portion 52b.
  • the second protective component 52 and the first wall 30 are an integrally formed structure.
  • the first wall 30 integrally forms the second protective member 52 through a stamping process, so that the second protective member 52 and the first wall 30 form an integrated structure.
  • the first wall 30 forms the second protective member 52 through a stamping process, which is a simple manufacturing process and does not require the addition of other additional materials.
  • a second guard 52 may be formed.
  • the housing 20 includes a housing having an opening and an end cap for covering the opening; the end cap is configured as the first wall 30 of the housing 20 .
  • the shell can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, cuboid, etc.
  • the shape of the housing can be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode assembly. For example, if the electrode assembly has a cylindrical structure, a cylindrical shell can be selected; if the electrode assembly has a rectangular parallelepiped structure, a rectangular parallelepiped shell can be selected.
  • the end cap can have a variety of structures, for example, the end cap has a plate-like structure, a hollow structure with one end open, etc.
  • the housing has a rectangular parallelepiped structure
  • the end cover has a plate-like structure
  • the end cover covers the opening at the top of the housing.
  • the end cap can be made of insulating material (such as plastic) or conductive material (such as metal).
  • the first wall 30 in the embodiment of the present application may be an end cap.
  • the detection component 40 can be disposed on the side of the end cover away from the accommodating cavity, or can also be disposed on the side of the end cover facing the accommodating cavity.
  • the connection method between the detection component 40 and the end cover may be, but is not limited to, welding, clamping or bonding.
  • the protective component 50 is made of an insulating and heat-insulating material.
  • the battery cell 7 will be continuously charged and discharged during use, and the battery cell 7 will generate more heat during the charging and discharging process.
  • the protective component 50 and the detection component 40 are easily in contact.
  • the insulation material may be polytetrafluoroethylene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyetheretherketone, polyphenylene, etc. This application does not limit the specific materials and can be selected according to actual conditions.
  • the impact of the heat generated by the battery cell 7 during use on the protective component 50 can be reduced, and the service life of the protective component 50 can be increased. At the same time, it is possible to avoid interference between the protective component 50 and the detection component 40 due to contact, thereby affecting the normal use of the detection component 40 .
  • Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the first wall structure of yet another battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the detection assembly 40 includes a sensing component 42 and a connector 43 connected to each other.
  • the connector 43 is used to transmit electrical signals to the sensing component 42 .
  • the sensing component 42 is used to detect the working status of the battery cell.
  • the sensing component 42 includes but is not limited to a temperature sensing device, a pressure sensing device, etc.
  • the connector 43 is used to transmit electrical signals to the sensing component 42.
  • the sensing component 42 is electrically connected to the battery cell through the connector 43.
  • the connector 43 includes but is not limited to optical fiber. Using optical fiber as the connector 43 can improve the signal. transfer speed.
  • the present application also provides a battery, including the battery cell of the above solution.
  • the present application also provides an electrical device, including the battery cell of the above solution, and the battery cell is used to provide electric energy.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 7 .
  • the battery cell 7 includes a casing, an electrode assembly, an end cover, an electrode terminal 31 , an insulator 32 , a detection component 40 , a protective component 50 and a liquid injection hole 33 .
  • the housing has an opening and a receiving cavity, the electrode assembly is received in the receiving cavity, and the end cover covers the opening of the housing.
  • the electrode terminal 31 protrudes from a side surface of the end cover facing away from the accommodation cavity, and the electrode terminal 31 is electrically connected to the tab of the electrode assembly.
  • the insulating member 32 is used to insulate the electrode terminal 31 and the end cover.
  • the detection component 40 includes a sensing component 42 and a connector 43 that are connected to each other.
  • the connector 43 is used to transmit electrical signals to the sensing component 42.
  • the detection component 40 is disposed on a side surface of the end cover away from the accommodation cavity.
  • the detection component 40 is electrically connected.
  • the connection portion 41 is formed on the electrode terminal 31 .
  • the protective assembly 50 includes a first protective piece 51 and a second protective piece 52 .
  • the first protective piece 51 protrudes from the side surface of the electrode terminal 31 facing away from the end cover, and is used to separate the side surface of the electrode terminal 31 facing away from the end cover from the connecting portion 41 .
  • the first protective members 51 are distributed in annular segments or annularly along the circumferential direction of the electrode terminal 31 .
  • the first protective member 51 includes a main body part 51 a and an escape part 51 b.
  • the escape part 51 b is formed by the main body part 51 a being recessed toward the center point of the electrode terminal 31 to avoid the connection part 41 .
  • the first protective member 51 has a dimension h1
  • the connecting portion 41 has a dimension h2, h1-h2 ⁇ 1 mm.
  • the end cover is provided with a liquid injection hole 33 , and the second protective member 52 is protruding from a side surface of the end cover away from the accommodation cavity and is arranged around the liquid injection hole 33 .
  • the size h3 of the second protective member 52 is ⁇ 1 mm.
  • the detection component 40 can detect the working status of the battery cell 7 in real time, where the working status of the battery cell 7 includes but is not limited to voltage, temperature and other related data.
  • the detection component 40 By arranging the detection component 40 on the battery cell 7, it is convenient to control the working status of the battery cell 7 in real time. Abnormal parameters in the operation of the battery cell 7 can be quickly warned, and the corresponding safety agencies or personnel can be promptly warned. Therefore, the safety and reliability of the battery cell 7 can be improved.
  • the protective component 50 is used to protect the detection component 40 and can reduce the risk of the detection component 40 being damaged during the use of the battery cell 7 such as formation or liquid injection.
  • the detection assembly 40 can be reduced in size. There is a risk of damage to the battery cells 7 during the formation process.
  • the second protective member 52 By arranging the second protective member 52 around the liquid injection hole 33 , the risk of electrolyte overflow and damage to the detection component 40 can be reduced, further improving the protective effect of the protective component 50 .

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种电池单体、电池及用电装置。电池单体包括外壳、电极组件、检测组件和防护组件，其中，外壳具有容纳腔，电极组件容纳于容纳腔内，检测组件连接于外壳并用于检测电池单体的工作状态，防护组件凸出于外壳并与检测组件同侧设置，以防护检测组件。通过本申请实施例能够有效提升电池单体的安全性和可靠性。

Description

电池单体、电池及用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别涉及一种电池单体、电池及用电装置。
背景技术
电池单体广泛用于电子设备，例如手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等等。电池单体可以包括镉镍电池单体、氢镍电池单体、锂离子电池单体和二次碱性锌锰电池单体等。
在电池技术的发展中，如何提高电池单体的稳定性，是电池技术中的一个研究方向。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体、电池及用电装置，能够有效提升电池单体的安全性和可靠性。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体，电池单体包括外壳、电极组件、检测组件和防护组件，其中，外壳具有容纳腔，电极组件容纳于容纳腔内，检测组件连接于外壳并用于检测电池单体的工作状态，防护组件凸出于外壳并与检测组件同侧设置，以防护检测组件。
上述技术方案中，通过在电池单体上设置检测组件，便于对电池单体的工作状态进行实时地管控，对于电池单体工作中的异常参数能够进行快速预警，能够使相应的安全机构或人员及时地进行应对，进而能够提升电池单体的安全性和可靠性。通过设置用于防护检测组件的防护组件，能够减小检测组件在电池单体的使用过程中受到损坏的风险。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，外壳包括第一壁，检测组件连接于 第一壁。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，检测组件位于第一壁背离容纳腔的一侧。
上述技术方案中，能够减小检测组件和防护组件对电池单体内部空间的占用；同时，也便于检测组件和防护组件的安装和更换。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，外壳包括电极端子，电极端子凸出于第一壁背离容纳腔的一侧表面，电极端子与电极组件的极耳电连接，检测组件电连接于电极端子并在电极端子上形成连接部。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，防护组件包括第一防护件，第一防护件凸出于电极端子背离第一壁的一侧表面，第一防护件用于将电极端子背离第一壁的一侧表面与连接部隔开。
上述技术方案中，通过在电极端子背离第一壁的一侧表面设置第一防护件，将连接部与电极端子背离第一壁的一侧表面的中心区域隔开，能够减小检测组件在电池单体进行化成过程中受到损坏的风险。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，第一防护件沿电极端子的周向呈环段分布或者呈环状分布。
上述技术方案中，通过将第一防护件设置为沿电极端子的周向呈环段分布的结构，能够更具针对性地对连接部进行防护。能够使用较少地材料即可实现对检测组件的防护，能够有效地降低成本；通过将第一防护件设置为沿电极端子的周向呈环状分布的结构，能够使电极端子的中心区域全部被围绕间隔，使第一防护件的防护范围最大化，有效地提高了第一防护件对检测组件的防护效果。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，第一防护件包括主体部和避让部，避让部由主体部向电极端子中心点方向凹陷形成，以避让连接部。
上述技术方案中，通过将第一防护件的避让部，不仅能够使第一防护件的主体部能够更加靠近电极端子的边缘处设置，进而有效减小第一防护件对化成钉与电极端子插接的影响。还能够使第一防护件在靠近连接部处形成的防护区域更大，能够进一步加强第一防护件对检测组件的防护效果。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，沿第一壁的厚度方向上，第一防护件具有尺寸h1，连接部具有尺寸h2，h1＞h2。
上述技术方案中，在沿第一壁的厚度方向上，采用第一防护件的尺寸h1大于连接部的尺寸h2的设置方式，能够使第一防护件充分将连接部和电极端子的中心区域隔开。在电池单体进行化成的过程中，能够减小化成钉插接产生偏差时触碰到连接部进而造成连接部损坏的风险。进一步加强了第一防护件对检测组件的防护效果。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，h1和h2满足关系：h1-h2≥1mm。
上述技术方案中，沿第一壁的厚度方向上，将第一防护件的尺寸h1和连接部的尺寸h2的关系设置在上述范围，能够进一步提高第一防护件的防护效果。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，第一防护件的壁厚d1≥0.5mm。
上述技术方案中，将第一防护件的壁厚d1设置在上述范围，能够进一步提高第一防护件的防护效果。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，电池单体还包括绝缘件，绝缘件用于绝缘电极端子与第一壁；绝缘件具有凸出于电极端子背离第一壁的一侧表面的凸部，凸部被配置为第一防护件。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，凸部与绝缘件为一体成型结构。
上述技术方案中，通过在绝缘件上设置凸部以作为第一防护件使用，绝缘件通过冲压工艺一体成型凸部，使得凸部与绝缘件之间呈一体式结构。一方面，便于将本实施例的凸部应用在现有的绝缘件的设计上，无需对现有绝缘件设计进行过多改动；另一方面，绝缘件通过冲压工艺形成凸部，制作工艺简单，且无需额外增加其他的材料即可形成凸部。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，绝缘件上设置有通孔，检测组件通过通孔连接于电极端子。
上述技术方案中，检测组件通过通孔穿过通孔与位于绝缘件内部的电极端子进行连接，检测组件与电极端子的连接部位于绝缘件的内部，减小了检测部件与电极端子的连接部因暴露在外部环境中而产生损坏的风险。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，第一壁上设置有注液孔，防护组件 包括第二防护件，第二防护件凸起于第一壁背离容纳腔的一侧表面并环绕注液孔设置。
上述技术方案中，通过在注液孔的周围设置第二防护件，能够减小电解液外溢而造成检测组件损坏的风险，进一步提高了防护组件的防护效果。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，沿第一壁的厚度方向上，第二防护件的尺寸h3≥1mm。
上述技术方案中，将第二防护件的尺寸h3设置在上述范围，能够进一步提高第二防护件的防护效果。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，第二防护件包括阻挡部和吸附部，吸附部设置于阻挡部背向注液孔的一侧。
上述技术方案中，第二防护件包括阻挡部与设置于阻挡部背向注液孔的一侧的吸附部，在阻挡部能够减少电解液外溢的同时，吸附部能够进一步将少数情况下溅出的电解液进行吸附，进一步加强了第二防护件的防护效果。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，吸附部沿阻挡部的周向环绕分布。
上述技术方案中，吸附部沿阻挡部的周向呈环段分布，能够使用较少地材料即可吸附少数情况下溅出的电解液，能够有效地降低成本。吸附部沿阻挡部的周向呈环状分布，围绕阻挡部的整个周向设置，能够增大吸附部的吸附范围，能够有效提高吸附部的吸附效果。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，第二防护件与第一壁为一体成型结构。
上述技术方案中，一方面，无需对现有电池单体的外壳设计进行过多改动；另一方面，第一壁通过冲压工艺形成第二防护件，制作工艺简单，且无需额外增加其他的材料即可形成第二防护件。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，外壳包括壳体和端盖，壳体具有开口，端盖用于盖合开口；端盖被配置为外壳的第一壁。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，防护组件的材质为绝缘隔热材质。
上述技术方案中，通过采用绝缘隔热材质制作防护组件，能够降低 电池单体在使用的过程中产生的热量对防护组件的影响，提高了防护组件的使用寿命。同时能够避免防护组件与检测组件接触产生干涉，进而影响检测组件的正常使用。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，其特征在于，检测组件包括相互连接的传感部件和连接件，连接件用于传输电信号至传感部件。
在第一方面的一些实施方式中，连接件包括光纤，能够提高信号传输速度。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池，包括第二方面任一实施方式提供的电池单体。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种用电装置，包括第二方面任一实施方式提供的电池单体，电池单体用于提供电能。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在整个附图中，用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1为本申请一些实施例所提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸示意图；
图3为图2所示的电池模块的结构示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸示意图；
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的一种电池单体的第一壁结构示意图；
图6为本申请一些实施例提供的一种电池单体的电极端子处局部放大结构示意图；
图7为本申请一些实施例提供的另一种电池单体的电极端子处局部 放大结构示意图；
图8为本申请一些实施例提供的又一种电池单体的电极端子处局部放大结构示意图；
图9为本申请一些实施例提供的再一种电池单体的电极端子处局部放大结构示意图；
图10为本申请一些实施例提供的再一种电池单体的电极端子处局部放大结构示意图；
图11为本申请一些实施例提供的另一种电池单体的第一壁结构示意图；
图12为本申请一些实施例提供的一种电池单体的绝缘件处局部放大结构示意图；
图13为本申请一些实施例提供的又一种电池单体的第一壁结构示意图；
图14为本申请一些实施例提供的一种电池单体的第二防护件处局部放大结构示意图；
图15为本申请一些实施例提供的再一种电池单体的第一壁结构示意图；
图16为本申请一些实施例提供的再一种电池单体的第一壁结构示意图。
具体实施方式中的附图标号如下：
1、车辆；2、电池；3、控制器；4、马达；5、箱体；5a、第一箱体部；5b、第二箱体部；5c、容纳空间；6、电池模块；7、电池单体；10、电极组件；20、外壳；30、第一壁；31、电极端子；32、绝缘件；321、通孔；33、注液孔；40、检测组件；41、连接部；42、传感部件；43、连接件；50、防护组件；51、第一防护件；51a、主体部；51b、避让部；52、第二防护件；52a、阻挡部；52b、吸附部。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下 实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了 简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中术语“平行”不仅包括绝对平行的情况，也包括了工程上常规认知的大致平行的情况；同时，“垂直”也不仅包括绝对垂直的情况，还包括工程上常规认知的大致垂直的情况。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池的应用越加广泛。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池单体、锂离子一次电池单体、锂硫电池单体、钠锂离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极片、负极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体层叠后作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流 体层叠后作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。隔膜的材质可以为PP或PE等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池单体还包括外壳，外壳包括壳体、端盖、电极端子、绝缘件和注液孔。壳体具有开口，端盖盖合于开口并密封连接，以形成用于容纳电极组件和电解液的密封空间，在端盖与壳体连接后，可以通过端盖上的注液孔向电池单体内注入电解液。绝缘件套设于电极端子，防止电极端子处发生短路。
本申请的发明人注意到，目前现有的电池单体均未设置检测组件，因此无法对电池单体的工作状态进行实时检测。其中，电池单体的工作状态包括但不限于电压、温度等相关数据。同时，目前现有的电池单体也未设置有针对检测组件进行保护的防护组件。
为了解决无法对电池单体的工作状态进行实时检测的问题，本申请的发明人研究发现，可以通过设置检测组件对电池单体的工作状态进行实时检测。检测组件能够对电池单体的工作状态进行实时地管控，对于电池单体工作中的异常参数能够进行快速预警，能够使相应的安全机构或人员及时地进行应对，进而能够提升电池单体的安全性和可靠性。同时，设置针对检测组件进行防护的防护组件，能够减小检测组件在电池单体的使用过程中受到损坏的风险。
基于以上考虑，发明人经过深入研究，设计了一种电池单体，通过在电池单体上设置检测组件以及用于防护检测组件的防护组件，能够对电池单体的工作状态进行实时地管控的同时，还能够减小检测组件在电池单体的使用过程中受到损坏的风险。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池单体、电池以及使用电池的用电装置。
用电装置可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式 或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电装置不做特殊限制。
应理解，本申请实施例描述的技术方案不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的电池和用电设备，还可以适用于所有包括箱体的电池以及使用电池的用电设备，但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以电动车辆为例进行说明。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图。
如图1所示，车辆1的内部设置有电池2，电池2可以设置在车辆1的底部或头部或尾部。电池2可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池2可以作为车辆1的操作电源。
车辆1还可以包括控制器3和马达4，控制器3用来控制电池2为马达4供电，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池2不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸示意图。
如图2所示，电池2包括箱体5和电池单体，电池单体容纳于箱体5内。
箱体5用于容纳电池单体，箱体5可以是多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体5可以包括第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b，第一箱体部5a与第二箱体部5b相互盖合，第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b共同限定出用于容纳电池单体的容纳空间5c。第二箱体部5b可以是一端开口的空心结构，第一箱体部5a为板状结构，第一箱体部5a盖合于第二箱体部5b的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间5c的箱体5；第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b也均可以是一侧开口的空心结构，第一箱体部5a的开口侧盖合于第二箱体部5b的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间5c的箱体5。当然，第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
为提高第一箱体部5a与第二箱体部5b连接后的密封性，第一箱体部5a与第二箱体部5b之间也可以设置密封件，比如，密封胶、密封圈等。
假设第一箱体部5a盖合于第二箱体部5b的顶部，第一箱体部5a亦可称之为上箱盖，第二箱体部5b亦可称之为下箱体。
在电池2中，电池单体可以是一个，也可以是多个。若电池单体为多个，多个电池单体之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体构成的整体容纳于箱体5内；当然，也可以是多个电池单体先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块6，多个电池模块6再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体5内。
图3为图2所示的电池模块的结构示意图。
在一些实施例中，如图3所示，电池单体7为多个，多个电池单体7先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块6。多个电池模块6再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体内。
电池模块6中的多个电池单体7之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现电池模块6中的多个电池单体7的并联或串联或混联。
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸示意图。
如图4所示，本申请实施例提供的电池单体7包括电极组件10和外壳20，电极组件10容纳于外壳20内。外壳20还可用于容纳电解质，例如电解液。
在一些实施例中，外壳20包括第一壁30，外壳20可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。外壳20的形状可根据电极组件10的具体形状来确定。比如，若电极组件10为圆柱体结构，则可选用为圆柱体壳体；若电极组件10为长方体结构，则可选用长方体壳体。
在电池单体7中，容纳于外壳20内的电极组件10可以是一个、两个或者多个。示例性的，在图4中，电极组件10为两个。
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的一种电池单体的第一壁结构示意图，图6为本申请一些实施例提供的一种电池单体的电极端子处局部放大结构示意图。
如图4至图6所示，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体7，电池单体7包括外壳20、电极组件10、检测组件40和防护组件50，外壳20具有容纳腔；电极组件10容纳于容纳腔内；检测组件40连接于外壳20并用于检测电池单体7的工作状态；防护组件50凸出于外壳20并与检测组件40同侧设置，以防护检测组件40。
可选地，检测组件40可以设置于外壳20背离容纳腔的一侧，也可以设置于外壳20朝向容纳腔的一侧。检测组件40设置于外壳20背离容纳腔的一侧能够减小检测组件40对电池单体7内部空间的占用；检测组件40设置于外壳20朝向容纳腔的一侧能够减小电池单体7的整体体积。检测组件40能够对电池单体7的工作状态进行实时检测，其中，电池单体7的工作状态包括但不限于电压、温度等相关数据。通过在电池单体7上设置检测组件40，便于对电池单体7的工作状态进行实时地管控，对于电池单体7工作中的异常参数能够进行快速预警，能够使相应的安全机构或人员及时地进行应对，进而能够提升电池单体7的安全性和可靠性。
在一些实施例中，外壳20包括第一壁30，检测组件40连接于第一壁30。其中，第一壁30可以是围绕形成电池单体7外壳20的任何一个壁部，检测组件40与第一壁30的连接方式可以是但不局限于焊接、卡接或粘接等。
防护组件50用于防护检测组件40，能够减小检测组件40在化成或注液等电池单体7的使用过程中受到损坏的风险。
在本申请的实施例中以检测组件40设置于第一壁30背离容纳腔的一侧为例阐述本发明的构思。防护组件50与检测组件40同侧设置，即防护组件50也设置于端盖远离电极组件一侧的表面上。防护组件50凸出于外壳20，即在第一壁30的厚度方向上，防护组件50凸出于第一壁30背离容纳腔的一侧表面形成。如此，能够减小检测组件40和防护组件50对电池单体7内部空间的占用；同时，也便于检测组件40和防护组件50的安装和更换。
通过设置用于防护检测组件40的防护组件50，能够减小检测组件40在电池单体7的使用过程中受到损坏的风险。
在一些实施例中，外壳20包括电极端子31，电极端子31凸出于第一壁30背离容纳腔的一侧表面，电极端子31与电极组件10的极耳电连接，检测组件40电连接于电极端子31并在电极端子31上形成连接部41。
在本申请实施例中，电极端子31与第一壁30的连接方式可以是但不局限于焊接、铆接或粘接等。检测组件40与第一壁30的连接方式可以是但不局限于焊接、卡接或粘接等。检测组件40与电极端子31电连接，能够检测电池单体7的电极端子31处的电压、温度等相关数据，便于对电池单体7的工作状态进行实时地管控，对于电池单体7工作中的异常参数能够进行快速预警，能够使相应的安全机构或人员及时地进行应对，进而能够提升电池单体7的安全性和可靠性。
在本申请的实施例中以检测组件40设置于第一壁30背离容纳腔的一侧为例阐述本发明的构思。电极端子31凸出于第一壁30背离容纳腔的一侧表面，电极端子31的凸出于第一壁30背离容纳腔的一侧表面的部分与检测组件40位于第一壁30的同侧，便于检测组件40与电极端子31电连接并在电极端子31上形成连接部41。其中，连接部41即为电极端子31与检测组件40的连接处。
在一些实施例中，防护组件50包括第一防护件51，第一防护件51凸出于电极端子31背离第一壁30的一侧表面，第一防护件51用于将电极端子31背离第一壁30的一侧表面与连接部41隔开。
由于电池单体7在装配完成时是没有电的，需要进行充电激活。对电池单体7进行首次充电的过程被称为化成，用于激活电池单体7内的活性材料。在电池单体7进行化成的过程中，化成钉会插接到电极端子31的中心区域进行化成工作，在此过程中，若化成钉的插接产生偏差，容易误触到检测组件40，进而造成检测组件40的损坏。
示例性地，在本申请的实施例中以检测组件40设置于第一壁30背离容纳腔的一侧为例阐述本发明的构思。电极端子31凸出于第一壁30背离容纳腔的一侧表面，电极端子31的凸出于第一壁30背离容纳腔的一侧表面的部分与检测组件40位于第一壁30的同侧，便于检测组件40与电极端子31电连接并在电极端子31上形成连接部41。其中，连接部41即为电 极端子31与检测组件40的连接处。
第一防护件51凸起于电极端子31背离端盖的一侧表面设置，且第一防护件51将连接部41与电极端子31背离第一壁30的一侧表面的中心区域隔开。
通过在电极端子31背离第一壁30的一侧表面设置第一防护件51，将连接部41与电极端子31背离第一壁30的一侧表面的中心区域隔开，能够减小检测组件40在电池单体7进行化成过程中受到损坏的风险。
图7为本申请一些实施例提供的另一种电池单体的电极端子处局部放大结构示意图，图8为本申请一些实施例提供的又一种电池单体的电极端子处局部放大结构示意图。
如图5至图8所示，在一些实施例中，第一防护件51沿电极端子31的周向呈环段分布或者呈环状分布。
第一防护件51沿电极端子31的周向呈环段分布，环段处形成保护壁，保护壁将电极端子31背离第一壁30的一侧表面与连接部41隔开。通过将第一防护件51设置为沿电极端子31的周向呈环段分布的结构，能够更具针对性地对连接部41进行防护。能够使用较少地材料即可实现对检测组件40的防护，能够有效地降低成本。
通过将第一防护件51设置为沿电极端子31的周向呈环状分布的结构，围绕电极端子31形成一整周保护壁，能够使电极端子31的中心区域全部被围绕间隔，使第一防护件51的防护范围最大化，有效地提高了第一防护件51对检测组件40的防护效果。
图9为本申请一些实施例提供的再一种电池单体的电极端子处局部放大结构示意图。
如图5至图9所示，在一些实施例中，第一防护件51包括主体部51a和避让部51b，避让部51b由主体部51a向电极端子31中心点方向凹陷形成，以避让连接部41。
具体地，第一防护件51的主体部51a为沿电极端子31的周向呈环段状或者环状结构。第一防护件51的避让部51b与连接部41对应设置。第一防护件51的避让部51b用于避让连接部41，以使第一防护件51的主 体部51a能够更加靠近电极端子31的边缘处设置。第一防护件51的主体部51a越靠近电极端子31的边缘处，留给化成钉插接的电极端子31中心区域的面积便会更大，能够有效减小第一防护件51对化成钉与电极端子31插接的影响。同时，由于避让部51b是由主体部51a向电极端子31中心点方向凹陷形成的，沿电极端子31的边缘处至电极端子31的中心点的方向上，靠近连接部41处的第一防护件51形成的防护区域更大，能够进一步加强第一防护件51对检测组件40的防护效果。
通过将第一防护件51的避让部51b，不仅能够使第一防护件51的主体部51a能够更加靠近电极端子31的边缘处设置，进而有效减小第一防护件51对化成钉与电极端子31插接的影响。还能够使第一防护件51在靠近连接部41处形成的防护区域更大，能够进一步加强第一防护件51对检测组件40的防护效果。
图10为本申请一些实施例提供的再一种电池单体的电极端子处局部放大结构示意图。
如图5至图10所示，在一些实施例中，沿第一壁30的厚度方向上，第一防护件51具有尺寸h1，连接部41具有尺寸h2，h1＞h2。
如上所述，第一防护件51凸起于电极端子31背离端盖的一侧表面以将连接部41和电极端子31的中心区域隔开。沿第一壁30的厚度方向上，第一防护件51的尺寸h1即为第一防护件51的凸起高度；连接部41的尺寸h2即为连接部41在电极端子31背离第一壁30的一侧表面上的凸起高度。沿第一壁30的厚度方向上，若第一防护件51的尺寸h1小于连接部41的尺寸h2，在电池单体7进行化成的过程中，便会存在连接部41被化成钉损坏的风险。
如此，在沿第一壁30的厚度方向上，采用第一防护件51的尺寸h1大于连接部41的尺寸h2的设置方式，能够使第一防护件51充分将连接部41和电极端子31的中心区域隔开。在电池单体7进行化成的过程中，能够减小化成钉插接产生偏差时触碰到连接部41进而造成连接部41损坏的风险。进一步加强了第一防护件51对检测组件40的防护效果。
在一些实施例中，h1和h2满足关系：h1-h2≥1mm。
上述技术方案中，沿第一壁30的厚度方向上，将第一防护件51的尺寸h1和连接部41的尺寸h2的关系设置在上述范围，能够进一步提高第一防护件51的防护效果。
示例性的，h1-h2的数值可以但不局限于为1mm、1.5mm、2mm、3mm。
继续参考图9，在一些实施例中，第一防护件51的壁厚d1≥0.5mm。
第一防护件51的壁厚可以理解为第一防护件51沿电极端子31边缘朝向电极端子31中心点的方向上的厚度，第一防护件51的壁厚d1设置在上述范围，能够进一步提高第一防护件51的防护效果。
示例性的，第一防护件51的壁厚d1可以但不局限于为0.5mm、1mm、2mm、3mm。
图11为本申请一些实施例提供的另一种电池单体的第一壁结构示意图。
如图11所示，在一些实施例中，电池单体还包括绝缘件32，绝缘件32用于绝缘电极端子31与第一壁30；绝缘件32具有凸出于电极端子31背离第一壁30的一侧表面的凸部，凸部被配置为第一防护件51。
绝缘件32的设置位置不做限定。例如绝缘件32可以设置于第一壁30背离容纳腔一侧，绝缘件32也可以设置于第一壁30朝向容纳腔一侧，或者绝缘件32既设置于第一壁30背离容纳腔一侧也设置于第一壁30朝向容纳腔一侧。
示例性地，在本申请的实施例中以绝缘件32设置于第一壁30背离容纳腔一侧为例阐述本发明的构思。绝缘件32套设于电极端子31凸出于第一壁30背离容纳腔的一侧表面的部分，绝缘件32和电极端子31之间相互抵接，绝缘件32用于将电极端子31和第一壁30绝缘。检测组件40设置于第一壁30背离容纳腔一侧的表面。
绝缘件32具有凸出于电极端子31背离第一壁30的一侧表面的凸部，凸部被配置为第一防护件51将连接部与电极端子31背离第一壁30的一侧表面的中心区域隔开。
通过在绝缘件32上设置凸部以作为第一防护件51使用，绝缘件32 通过冲压工艺一体成型凸部，使得凸部与绝缘件32之间呈一体式结构。一方面，便于将本实施例的凸部应用在现有的绝缘件32的设计上，无需对现有绝缘件32设计进行过多改动；另一方面，绝缘件32通过冲压工艺形成凸部，制作工艺简单，且无需额外增加其他的材料即可形成凸部。
图12为本申请一些实施例提供的一种电池单体的绝缘件处局部放大结构示意图。
如图11至图12所示，在一些实施例中，绝缘件32上设置有通孔321，检测组件40通过通孔321连接于电极端子31。
具体地，绝缘件32在靠近检测部件的一侧设置有通孔321，检测部件穿过通孔321与位于绝缘件32内部的电极端子31电连接。
上述技术方案中，检测组件40穿过通孔321与位于绝缘件32内部的电极端子31进行连接，检测组件40与电极端子31的连接部41位于绝缘件32的内部，减小了检测部件与电极端子31的连接部41因暴露在外部环境中而产生损坏的风险。
图13为本申请一些实施例提供的又一种电池单体的第一壁结构示意图。
如图13所示，在一些实施例中，第一壁30上设置有注液孔33，防护组件50包括第二防护件52，第二防护件52凸起于第一壁30背离容纳腔的一侧表面并环绕注液孔33设置。
注液孔33贯穿于第一壁30设置，操作人员可通过注液孔33向电池单体7注入电解液。在向电池单体7内进行注液的过程中，电解液可能会外溢到注液孔33外面，进而通过第一壁30的表面流至检测组件40处，容易导致检测组件40产生损坏。
在本申请的实施例中以检测组件40设置于第一壁30背离容纳腔一侧为例阐述本发明的构思。第二防护件52凸起于第一壁30背离容纳腔一侧表面，沿第一壁30的厚度方向上，凸台具有一定的高度。检测组件40与第二防护件52位于第一壁30的同一侧。第二防护件52环绕注液孔33设置以形成环绕注液孔33的凸台结构。第二防护件52沿第一壁30的厚度方向上的正投影可以是圆形，正方形或三角形等，本申请不对第二防护件 52沿第一壁30的厚度方向上的正投影的形状进行限定，可根据实际情况进行选定。操作人员在通过注液孔33向电池单体7内注入电解液时，第二防护件52能够减小电解液外溢的风险。
通过在注液孔33的周围设置第二防护件52，能够减小电解液外溢而造成检测组件40损坏的风险，进一步提高了防护组件50的防护效果。
图14为本申请一些实施例提供的一种电池单体的第二防护件处局部放大结构示意图。
如图14所示，在一些实施例中，沿第一壁30的厚度方向上，第二防护件52的尺寸h3≥1mm。
沿第一壁30的厚度方向上，第二防护件52的尺寸可以理解为第二防护件52凸起于第一壁30背离容纳腔的一侧表面的凸起高度。第二防护件52的尺寸h3设置在上述范围，能够进一步提高第二防护件52的防护效果。
示例性的，沿第一壁30的厚度方向上，第二防护件52的尺寸h3可以但不局限于为1.0mm、1.5mm、2.0mm、3mm。
图15为本申请一些实施例提供的再一种电池单体的第一壁结构示意图。
如图15所示，在一些实施例中，第二防护件52包括阻挡部52a和吸附部52b，吸附部52b设置于阻挡部52a背向注液孔33的一侧。
可选地，阻挡部52a凸起于第一壁30背离容纳腔的一侧表面并环绕注液孔33设置。吸附部52b可以是但不限于聚氨酯类、丙烯酸类等具有液体吸附功能的材料制成的。吸附部52b沿第一壁30的厚度方向上的正投影可以是圆形，正方形或三角形等，本申请不对吸附部52b沿第一壁30的厚度方向上的正投影的形状进行限定，可根据实际情况进行选定。
在操作人员通过注液孔33向电池单体7内注入电解液时，即使凸起部会对电解液有一定的阻挡作用，但还会存在电解液溅出阻挡部52a的风险。在阻挡部52a背向注液孔33的一侧设置吸附部52b，当电解液溅出阻挡部52a时，吸附部52b能够将溅出的电解液进行吸附。
上述技术方案中，第二防护件52包括阻挡部52a与设置于阻挡部 52a背向注液孔33的一侧的吸附部52b，在阻挡部52a能够减少电解液外溢的同时，吸附部52b能够进一步将少数情况下溅出的电解液进行吸附，进一步加强了第二防护件52的防护效果。
在一些实施例中，吸附部52b沿阻挡部52a的周向环绕分布。
示例性地，吸附部52b沿阻挡部52a的周向呈环段分布，能够使用较少地材料即可吸附少数情况下溅出的电解液，能够有效地降低成本。吸附部52b沿阻挡部52a的周向呈环状分布，围绕阻挡部52a的整个周向设置，能够增大吸附部52b的吸附范围，能够有效提高吸附部52b的吸附效果。
在一些实施例中，第二防护件52与第一壁30为一体成型结构。
第一壁30通过冲压工艺一体成型第二防护件52，使得第二防护件52与第一壁30之间呈一体式结构。一方面，无需对现有电池单体7的外壳20设计进行过多改动；另一方面，第一壁30通过冲压工艺形成第二防护件52，制作工艺简单，且无需额外增加其他的材料即可形成第二防护件52。
在一些实施例中，外壳20包括壳体和端盖，壳体具有开口，端盖用于盖合开口；端盖被配置为外壳20的第一壁30。
壳体可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。壳体的形状可根据电极组件的具体形状来确定。比如，若电极组件为圆柱体结构，则可选用为圆柱体壳体；若电极组件为长方体结构，则可选用长方体壳体。
端盖可以是多种结构，比如，端盖为板状结构、一端开口的空心结构等。示例性的，壳体为长方体结构，端盖为板状结构，端盖盖合于壳体顶部的开口处。端盖可以由绝缘材料(例如塑胶)制成，也可以由导电材料(例如金属)制成。
在本申请实施例中的第一壁30可以是端盖。可选地，检测组件40可以设置于端盖背离容纳腔的一侧，也可以设置于端盖朝向容纳腔的一侧。检测组件40与端盖的连接方式可以是但不局限于焊接、卡接或粘接等。
在一些实施例中，防护组件50的材质为绝缘隔热材质。
电池单体7在使用的过程中会进行不断地充电和放电，电池单体7在充电和放电的过程中会产生较多的热量。防护组件50与检测组件40容 易产生接触。示例性的，绝缘隔热材质可以是聚四氟乙烯、聚苯硫醚、聚醚醚酮、聚苯酯等。本申请不对具体地材质进行限定，可以根据实际情况进行选用。
通过采用绝缘隔热材质制作防护组件50，能够降低电池单体7在使用的过程中产生的热量对防护组件50的影响，提高了防护组件50的使用寿命。同时能够避免防护组件50与检测组件40接触产生干涉，进而影响检测组件40的正常使用。
图16为本申请一些实施例提供的再一种电池单体的第一壁结构示意图。
如图16所示，在一些实施例中，检测组件40包括相互连接的传感部件42和连接件43，连接件43用于传输电信号至传感部件42。
示例性地，传感部件42用于检测电池单体的工作状态。其中，传感部件42包括但不限于温度传感器件、压力传感器件等。连接件43用于传输电信号至传感部件42，传感部件42通过连接件43电连接于电池单体，其中，连接件43包括但不限于光纤，采用光纤作为连接件43，能够提高信号传输速度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种电池，包括以上方案的电池单体。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种用电装置，包括以上方案的电池单体，电池单体用于提供电能。
为更好地理解本申请实施例提供的电池单体，基于相同的发明构思，在此提供上述电池单体在实际应用中的实施例进行说明。
本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体7，电池单体7包括壳体、电极组件、端盖、电极端子31、绝缘件32、检测组件40、防护组件50和注液孔33。其中，壳体具有开口和容纳腔，电极组件容纳于容纳腔内，端盖盖合于壳体的开口。
电极端子31凸出于端盖背离容纳腔的一侧表面，电极端子31与电极组件的极耳电连接。绝缘件32用于绝缘电极端子31与端盖。
检测组件40包括相互连接的传感部件42和连接件43，连接件43用 于传输电信号至传感部件42，检测组件40设置于端盖背离容纳腔的一侧表面，检测组件40电连接于电极端子31并在电极端子31上形成连接部41。
防护组件50包括第一防护件51和第二防护件52。第一防护件51凸出于电极端子31背离端盖的一侧表面，第一防护件51用于将电极端子31背离端盖的一侧表面与连接部41隔开。第一防护件51沿电极端子31的周向呈环段分布或者呈环状分布。第一防护件51包括主体部51a和避让部51b，避让部51b由主体部51a向电极端子31中心点方向凹陷形成，以避让连接部41。沿第端盖的厚度方向上，第一防护件51具有尺寸h1，连接部41具有尺寸h2，h1-h2≥1mm。
端盖上设置有注液孔33，第二防护件52凸起于端盖背离容纳腔的一侧表面并环绕注液孔33设置。沿第一壁30的厚度方向上，第二防护件52的尺寸h3≥1mm。
上述技术方案中，检测组件40能够对电池单体7的工作状态进行实时检测，其中，电池单体7的工作状态包括但不限于电压、温度等相关数据。通过在电池单体7上设置检测组件40，便于对电池单体7的工作状态进行实时地管控，对于电池单体7工作中的异常参数能够进行快速预警，能够使相应的安全机构或人员及时地进行应对，进而能够提升电池单体7的安全性和可靠性。
防护组件50用于防护检测组件40，能够减小检测组件40在化成或注液等电池单体7的使用过程中受到损坏的风险。
通过在电极端子31背离第一壁30的一侧表面设置第一防护件51，将连接部41与电极端子31背离第一壁30的一侧表面的中心区域隔开，能够减小检测组件40在电池单体7进行化成过程中受到损坏的风险。
通过在注液孔33的周围设置第二防护件52，能够减小电解液外溢而造成检测组件40损坏的风险，进一步提高了防护组件50的防护效果。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而 非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种电池单体，其特征在于，包括：
    外壳，具有容纳腔；
    电极组件，容纳于所述容纳腔内；
    检测组件，连接于所述外壳并用于检测所述电池单体的工作状态；
    防护组件，凸出于所述外壳并与所述检测组件同侧设置，以防护所述检测组件。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述外壳包括第一壁，所述检测组件连接于所述第一壁。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述检测组件位于所述第一壁背离所述容纳腔的一侧。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述外壳包括电极端子，所述电极端子凸出于所述第一壁背离所述容纳腔的一侧表面，所述电极端子与所述电极组件的极耳电连接，所述检测组件电连接于所述电极端子并在所述电极端子上形成连接部。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述防护组件包括第一防护件，所述第一防护件凸出于所述电极端子背离所述第一壁的一侧表面，所述第一防护件用于将所述电极端子背离所述第一壁的一侧表面与所述连接部隔开。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述第一防护件沿所述电极端子的周向呈环段分布或者呈环状分布。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述第一防护件包括主体部和避让部，所述避让部由所述主体部向所述电极端子中心点方向凹陷形成，以避让所述连接部。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的电池单体，其特征在于，沿所述第一壁的厚度方向上，所述第一防护件具有尺寸h1，所述连接部具有尺寸h2，h1＞h2。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述h1和h2满足关系：h1-h2≥1mm。
  10. 根据权利要求5所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述第一防护件的 壁厚d1≥0.5mm。
  11. 根据权利要求5所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述电池单体还包括绝缘件，所述绝缘件用于绝缘所述电极端子与所述第一壁；
    所述绝缘件具有凸出于所述电极端子背离所述第一壁的一侧表面的凸部，所述凸部被配置为所述第一防护件。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述凸部与所述绝缘件为一体成型结构。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述绝缘件上设置有通孔，所述检测组件通过所述通孔连接于所述电极端子。
  14. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述第一壁上设置有注液孔，所述防护组件包括第二防护件，所述第二防护件凸起于所述第一壁背离所述容纳腔的一侧表面并环绕所述注液孔设置。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电池单体，其特征在于，沿所述第一壁的厚度方向上，所述第二防护件的尺寸h3≥1mm。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述第二防护件包括阻挡部和吸附部，所述吸附部设置于所述阻挡部背向所述注液孔的一侧。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述吸附部沿所述阻挡部的周向环绕分布。
  18. 根据权利要求14所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述第二防护件与所述第一壁为一体成型结构。
  19. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述外壳包括壳体和端盖，所述壳体具有开口，所述端盖用于盖合所述开口；
    所述端盖被配置为所述外壳的第一壁。
  20. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述防护组件的材质为绝缘隔热材质。
  21. 根据权利要求1-20任一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述检测组件包括相互连接的传感部件和连接件，所述连接件用于传输电信号至所述传感部件。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述连接件包括光纤。
  23. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括多个权利要求1-22任一项所述的电池单体。
  24. 一种用电装置，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-22任一项所述的电池单体，所述电池单体用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/115781 2022-08-30 2022-08-30 电池单体、电池及用电装置 WO2024044951A1 (zh)

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