WO2024041629A1 - R型酮咯酸的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents

R型酮咯酸的制备方法及其应用 Download PDF

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WO2024041629A1
WO2024041629A1 PCT/CN2023/114864 CN2023114864W WO2024041629A1 WO 2024041629 A1 WO2024041629 A1 WO 2024041629A1 CN 2023114864 W CN2023114864 W CN 2023114864W WO 2024041629 A1 WO2024041629 A1 WO 2024041629A1
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ketorolac
add
preparation
product
chiral amine
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张领兵
张东旭
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长春亿诺科医药科技有限责任公司
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Publication of WO2024041629A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024041629A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/04Ortho-condensed systems
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12PFERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P17/00Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms
    • C12P17/18Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms containing at least two hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system, e.g. rifamycin
    • C12P17/182Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms in the condensed system
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12PFERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P41/00Processes using enzymes or microorganisms to separate optical isomers from a racemic mixture
    • C12P41/003Processes using enzymes or microorganisms to separate optical isomers from a racemic mixture by ester formation, lactone formation or the inverse reactions
    • C12P41/005Processes using enzymes or microorganisms to separate optical isomers from a racemic mixture by ester formation, lactone formation or the inverse reactions by esterification of carboxylic acid groups in the enantiomers or the inverse reaction
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07BGENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C07B2200/00Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
    • C07B2200/07Optical isomers

Definitions

  • This application belongs to the technical field of organic synthesis, and specifically relates to a preparation method and application of R-type ketorolac.
  • Ketorolac is a new type of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic with It is powerful, non-addictive, and non-narcotic. It produces strong analgesic effects by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins.
  • the racemic ketorolac has been on the market in the United States since 1991 and is sold as ketorolac trishydroxymethylaminomethane.
  • ketorolac The structure of the ketorolac molecule is shown in Formula I. There is a chiral carbon atom in the molecule, and there is a pair of enantiomers. Studies have shown that the analgesic effect of the S-configuration ketorolac is greater than that of the R-configuration. It is 230 times stronger and has 60 times stronger anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, since ketorolac has been on the market, people have been constantly seeking ways to obtain its S-isomer.
  • Chinese patent CN02102547.9 discloses a method for preparing optically active ketochromic acid.
  • the first step of this method is a kinetic resolution reaction.
  • the two amides generated by the reaction do not appear at the same time, but appear one after another.
  • the most ideal situation is that one isomer of racemic ketorolac is completely converted to the amide product before the other isomer begins to react.
  • the reaction products and unreacted raw materials should be optically active, that is, the reaction can show selectivity and achieve resolution.
  • the final result of the application is the S-isomer.
  • This invention opens up a new application field of R-ketorolac, and provides a meaningful reference for preventing and treating aortic dissection and aortic aneurysm disease, and improving vascular disease conditions.
  • the application discloses the application of R-ketorolac in the prevention and treatment of aortic dissection and aortic aneurysm disease. Applications in aortic dissection and aortic aneurysm do not involve the preparation of R-isomers.
  • this application aims to provide a preparation method and application of R-type ketorolac.
  • This application optimizes the preparation method to make the obtained R-type ketorolac more pure, and the obtained R Ketorolac can be used in combination with chemotherapy, which can significantly increase the effect of chemotherapy and improve the cure rate of tumors.
  • a preparation method of R-type ketorolac including the following steps:
  • product B which is 5-benzoyl- A mixture of 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrozine-1,1-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester; filter the mixture containing product B, transfer the filtrate to the reaction kettle for concentration, and then add it to the reaction kettle in sequence Tetrahydrofuran solution and sodium hydroxide solution were heated for the second time until the reaction was complete, the product was separated, the organic phase was collected, a tetrahydrofuran solution of HCl was added to the organic phase to adjust the pH to 3, concentrated, and methyl tert. was added to the concentrated solution. Butyl ether, wash with water, separate the liquids, collect the organic phase, decolorize and recrystallize, filter and dry to obtain product C, which is ketorolac;
  • Step 2 Resolution of R-configuration ketorolac, the resolution being chiral amine resolution or enzyme resolution;
  • ketorolac and isopropyl alcohol into the reaction kettle, raise the temperature to dissolve the ketorolac, then add chiral amine and seed crystals, stir evenly, add ethyl acetate dropwise, cool down to crystallize, filter, obtain solid 1 and filtrate, and Solid 1 is acidified by adding hydrochloric acid and filtered to obtain the product FP, which is R-configuration ketorolac;
  • the steps of enzyme splitting are:
  • ketorolac and methanol into the reaction kettle, lower the temperature to -5 ⁇ 5°C, add SOCl 2 , raise the temperature to 40-50°C until the reaction is complete, concentrate and add water to crystallize, filter and dry to obtain product D, i.e. ketorolac methyl ester;
  • step (1) The molar ratio of 2-benzoylpyrrole, triethyl methanetricarboxylate, manganese acetate dihydrate, sodium acetate and glacial acetic acid described in step (1) is 0.99 ⁇ 1.01:1.09 ⁇ 1.12:1.9 ⁇ 2.1:2.8 ⁇ 3.2:28 ⁇ 32;
  • the molar ratio of 2-benzoylpyrrole, triethyl methanetricarboxylate, manganese acetate dihydrate, sodium acetate and glacial acetic acid described in step (1) is 1:1.1:3:2:30.
  • the mass ratio of the added amount of methyl tert-butyl ether to 2-benzoylpyrrole described in step (1) is 18:1;
  • the heating reaction temperature in step (1) is 65-75°C, preferably 70°C; the reaction time is 14-20h, preferably 16h.
  • the cooling temperature in step (1) is 35-45°C; preferably 40°C.
  • the recrystallization operation steps described in step (1) are: adding ethanol with a mass ratio of 4:1 to 2-benzoylpyrrole to the concentrated organic phase, raising the temperature to 40°C and stirring to dissolve the solid, Then the temperature is lowered to -10°C to crystallize the solid, filtered and dried to obtain product A; the cooling time is 6-10 hours.
  • the criterion for determining the completeness of the reaction in step (1) is SM1/A ⁇ 5%.
  • the molar ratio of 1,2-dichloroethane, product A, potassium carbonate and tetrabutylammonium bromide described in step (2) is 85 ⁇ 95:0.99 ⁇ 1.01:8.7 ⁇ 11.6:0.75 ⁇ 1.25;
  • the molar ratio of 1,2-dichloroethane, product A, potassium carbonate and tetrabutylammonium bromide described in the above step (2) is 90:1:10:1.
  • the temperature of the first heating in step (2) is 75-85°C, preferably 80°C; the reaction time is 14-20h, preferably 18h; the criterion for determining the completeness of the reaction is product A/product B ⁇ 5 %.
  • the added amount of the tetrahydrofuran solution described in step (2) is such that the mass ratio to product A is 8:1;
  • the mass fraction of the sodium hydroxide solution described in step (2) is 20%; the added amount of the sodium hydroxide solution is such that the mass ratio to product A is 4:1;
  • the second heating temperature in step (2) is 50-60°C, preferably 55°C; the reaction time is 1-5h, preferably 5h; the criterion for determining the complete reaction is B/C ⁇ 5%.
  • the mass fraction of the HCl solution in tetrahydrofuran described in step (2) is 11%, and the added amount is such that the mass ratio to product A is 1.45:1;
  • the mass ratio of the amount of methyl tert-butyl ether added to product A in step (2) is 7:1.
  • the decolorization described in step (2) uses a CUNO filter
  • the recrystallization step described in step (2) is: concentrate the decolorized organic phase and add n-heptane, stir to dissolve the solid after rising to 40°C, then slowly cool to -10°C to crystallize the solid, filter, Dry under vacuum to obtain product C.
  • the mass ratio of the amount of isopropanol added in the chiral amine separation step to product C (ketorolac) is 4.2:1 to 8.0:1; preferably 4.75:1.
  • the heating temperature in the step of resolving the chiral amine is 50-60°C, preferably 55°C.
  • the chiral amine described in the chiral amine resolution step is dehydroabidamine, (s)-1-phenylethylamine, (1S, 2S)-(+)-1,2-diamino Cyclohexane, one of L-(-)-epinephrine, (R)–(+)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine, and cinchonine; preferably cinchonine.
  • the molar ratio of the product C (ketorolac) to the chiral amine is 1:0.82 ⁇ 1:1.73;
  • the molar ratio of the product C (ketorolac) to the seed crystal is 1:0.0005 ⁇ 1:0.05;
  • the chiral amine is added in batches.
  • the specific adding method is: first add the chiral amine with a molar ratio of 0.52-0.86:1 to product C, stir to dissolve the solid, and then add the chiral amine with product C.
  • a chiral amine with a molar ratio of 0.04 to 0.17:1 stir again to dissolve the solid, then add a chiral amine with a molar ratio of 0.04 to 0.17:1 to product C, stir for another 1 hour, and then add a chiral amine with a molar ratio of 0.04 to 0.17 to product C. :1 chiral amine, and finally after stirring for 1.5 h, add a chiral amine with a molar ratio of 0.17 to 0.35:1 to product C.
  • the adding method of the chiral amine is: first add cinchonine with a molar ratio of 0.68:1 to product C, stir to dissolve the solid, then add cinchonine with a molar ratio of 0.07:1 to product C, and then stir until the solid is dissolved. After the solid is dissolved, add cinchonine with a molar ratio of 0.13:1 to product C. After stirring for another 1 hour, add cinchonine with a molar ratio of 0.1:1 to product C. Finally, after stirring for 1.5 hours, add cinchonine with a molar ratio of 0.25:1 to product C.
  • Xin Koning the adding method of the chiral amine is: first add cinchonine with a molar ratio of 0.68:1 to product C, stir to dissolve the solid, then add cinchonine with a molar ratio of 0.07:1 to product C, and then stir until the solid is dissolved. After the solid is dissolved, add cinch
  • the seed crystal is added after adding the second batch of chiral amine.
  • the added amount of ethyl acetate described in the above chiral amine separation step is such that the mass ratio to ketorolac is 5:1; after the dropwise addition is completed, stirring is continued for 6 to 12 hours at 50 to 60°C. Preferably, after the dropwise addition is completed, stirring is continued at 55°C for 9 hours.
  • the temperature reduction in the step of resolving the chiral amine is to 15°C.
  • the filtrate obtained after splitting the chiral amine is further concentrated and then added with ethyl acetate, stirred and then cooled for crystallization, filtered to obtain solid 2, discard the filtrate, combine solid 1 and solid 2 and acidify with hydrochloric acid, and filter to obtain the product.
  • FP R-configuration ketorolac.
  • the solid 1 and solid 2 are both cinchonine salts of R-type ketorolac, wherein solid 1 is the cinchonine salt of R-type ketorolac obtained by the first salt formation, and solid 2 is the cinchonine salt of R-type ketorolac obtained by the first salt formation.
  • the cinchonine salt of R-type ketorolac is obtained by filtering the mother liquor and crystallizing it again.
  • the mass ratio of the added amount of ethyl acetate to ketorolac is 8:1, and the cooling temperature is 20°C.
  • the enzyme described in the above enzyme resolution is Novozym435; the mass ratio of the enzyme to product D is 10:1.
  • This application also provides the use of the R-configuration ketorolac described in the previous scheme in the preparation of drugs for treating cancer; preferably, the cancer is colon cancer or/and breast cancer.
  • This application uses chiral amines or enzymes to perform chiral separation of ketorolac, which can obtain high-purity, high-yield R-type ketorolac, and the obtained R-type ketorolac can prevent chemotherapy resistance. , improve the efficacy and cure rate of chemotherapy.
  • Figure 1 is a liquid chromatogram of product A prepared in Example 1;
  • Figure 2 is a liquid chromatogram of product C prepared in Example 1;
  • Figure 3 is a liquid chromatogram of the product FP prepared by splitting chiral amines in Example 1;
  • Figure 4 is a chiral purity HPLC spectrum of the product FP prepared by splitting chiral amines in Example 1;
  • Figure 5 is a liquid chromatogram of product D prepared in Example 1;
  • Figure 6 is a liquid chromatogram of the product FP prepared by enzyme splitting in Example 1;
  • Figure 7 is a chiral purity HPLC spectrum of the product FP prepared by enzymatic resolution in Example 1;
  • Figure 8 is a liquid chromatogram of product A prepared in Example 2.
  • Figure 9 is a liquid chromatogram of product C prepared in Example 2.
  • Figure 10 is a liquid chromatogram of the product FP prepared by splitting chiral amines in Example 2.
  • Figure 11 is a chiral purity HPLC spectrum of the product FP prepared by splitting chiral amines in Example 2;
  • Figure 12 is a liquid chromatogram of product A prepared in Example 3.
  • Figure 13 is a liquid chromatogram of product C prepared in Example 3.
  • Figure 14 is a liquid chromatogram of the product FP prepared by chiral amine resolution in Example 3.
  • Figure 15 shows the chiral purity HPLC spectrum of the product FP prepared by chiral amine resolution in Example 3.
  • Figure 17 Tumor growth curve of R-type ketorolac combined with cyclophosphamide in the colon cancer model Colon-26;
  • Figure 18 Tumor growth curve of R-type ketorolac combined with cyclophosphamide in breast cancer model 4T1.
  • the purchasing manufacturers and models of the raw material components used in the present invention are as follows:
  • Example 2 A preparation method of R-type ketorolac
  • the breast cancer tumor model was established using adult female BALB/C mice, and 5 ⁇ 10 5 well-growing 4T1 tumor cells were subcutaneously inoculated. Starting from the 7th day after tumor inoculation, the two largest diameters of the tumor were measured with vernier calipers twice a week, and the tumor size was expressed as area (square millimeters).

Abstract

本发明提供了一种R型酮咯酸的制备方法及其应用,属于有机合成技术领域。所述的制备方法包括以下步骤:步骤一、酮咯酸的制备;步骤二、R构型酮咯酸的拆分,所述的拆分为手性胺拆分或酶拆分;本申请以冰醋酸为反应溶剂,不仅清洁环保,而且容易去除,可以明显提高原料SM1的转化,从而提高酮咯酸的收率和纯度,使得到的酮咯酸收率最高可达到70%以上,纯度达到99%以上;采用手性胺或酶对酮咯酸进行手性拆分,能够获得高纯度、高收率的R型酮咯酸,并且得到的R型酮咯酸可以预防化疗耐药性,提高化疗疗效和治愈率。

Description

R型酮咯酸的制备方法及其应用
本申请要求于2022年08月26日提交中国专利局、申请号为CN202211032611.5、发明名称为“R型酮咯酸的制备方法及其应用”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请属于有机合成技术领域,具体涉及一种R型酮咯酸的制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
近年来,由于人们认识到药物在生物体内的一系列活动与其结构有密切关系,不同对映体所表现的药理活性、代谢过程和药动学情况存在着很大的差异,合成及制备单一对映体的研究已成为国内外学术界的热点。在自然界中,如医药、农药以及食品工业中的氨基酸等大多是手性物质,并且经常是以两种或更多种对映体的外消旋体同时存在,从生物活性的观点来看,是几种完全不同的物质。一般而言,只有其中一种对映体具有所需要的生物活性,而另一(几)种则是多余的,并影响有效物质活性的发挥,甚至起到相反的副作用。据统计,目前市售的药物中,除一些激素、抗生素等天然药物主要以单一异构体存在外,其他的合成药物则多数是以消旋体供药的,这显然会给疾病的治疗和其他方面的应用带来一些严重的问题。因此如何进行手性拆分并提供单一的手性药物,从而控制药品生产质量,已成为人们关注的重大课题。
酮咯酸(Ketorolac,5-苯甲酰基-1,2-二氢-3H吡咯并[1,2-a]吡咯-1-羧酸)是一种新型的非甾体消炎镇痛药,具有强效、不成瘾、非麻醉性等特点,通过抑制前列腺素的合成产生强的镇痛作用。外消旋体酮咯酸已与1991年在美国上市,以酮咯酸三羟甲基氨基甲烷的形式出售。
酮咯酸分子的结构如式Ⅰ所示,其分子内有一个手性碳原子,存在一对对映异构体,研究表明,S-构型酮咯酸的镇痛效果比R-构型强230倍,抗炎效果强60倍,因此自从酮咯酸上市以来,人们就不断寻求获得其S-异构体的方法。
中国专利CN02102547.9公开了一种光学活性酮铬酸的制备方法,该方法第一步是动力学拆分反应,反应生成的两种酰胺不是同时出现,而是先后出现。最理想的情况是外消旋酮咯酸的一个异构体完全转化为酰胺产物后,另一个异构体才开始反应。对于动力学拆分反应,原则上只要在外消旋原料完全转化为产物前终止反应,则反应产物及未反应的原料均应是光学活性的,即反应可以表现出选择性,实现拆分,该申请最终拆分得到的是S-异构体。
但是针对R-异构体制备的报道却很少,中国专利CN202111115983.X公开了一种R-酮咯酸在防治主动脉夹层和主动脉瘤中的应用,通过口服R-酮咯酸能抑制主动脉的病理性扩张,减少主动脉夹层及主动脉瘤的发生率和死亡率;且R-酮咯酸可以抑制血管壁炎症反应的发生,减少主动脉瘤体的破裂,抑制管腔内壁内血肿的发生,维持血管壁弹力纤维的完整性,治疗主动脉夹层和主动脉瘤。该发明开拓了R-酮咯酸一个新的应用领域,对于防治主动脉夹层和主动脉瘤疾病,改善血管病变状况提供了有意义的参考,而该申请中公开了R-酮咯酸在防治主动脉夹层和主动脉瘤中的应用,并不涉及R-异构体的制备。
中国专利CN201880084997.X公开了R-酮咯酸用于恶病质的治疗,提供了用于治疗恶病质以便降低慢性疾病的发病率和死亡率并且总体上改善治疗慢性疾病的有效性的方法,但是该申请同样不涉及R-酮咯酸的制备。
因此需要提供一种R型酮咯酸的制备方法。
发明内容
基于现有技术中存在的不足,本申请旨在提供一种R型酮咯酸的制备方法及其应用,本申请通过优化制备方法使得到的R型酮咯酸纯度较高,并且得到的R型酮咯酸能够与化疗联用,可以显著增加化疗效果,提高肿瘤的治愈率。
为解决上述技术问题,本申请通过以下技术方案实现:
一种R型酮咯酸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、酮咯酸的制备:
(1)将冰醋酸、醋酸锰二水合物(三价)、甲烷三羧酸三乙酯(SM2)、2-苯甲酰吡咯(SM1)和醋酸钠加入反应釜中,升温至反应完全,降温向反应体系中加入甲基叔丁基醚,过滤,得滤液;向滤液中加入碳酸钾水溶液调节pH为4~8,分液收集有机相,浓缩后重结晶,过滤、干燥,即(5-苯甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-基)三乙酯甲酸三乙酯;
反应方程式为:
(2)将1,2-二氯乙烷、产物A、碳酸钾和四丁基溴化铵加入反应釜中,第一次升温至反应完全,得含有产物B,即5-苯甲酰基-2,3-二氢-1H-吡咯嗪-1,1-二羧酸二乙酯的混合液;将含有产物B的混合液过滤,滤液转入反应釜中浓缩,然后向反应釜中依次加入四氢呋喃溶液和氢氧化钠溶液,第二次升温至反应完全,对产物进行分液,收集有机相,向有机相中加入HCl的四氢呋喃溶液调节pH为3,浓缩,向浓缩液中加入甲基叔丁基醚,加水洗涤后分液,收集有机相,脱色后重结晶,过滤、烘干,得到产物C,即酮咯酸;
反应方程式为:
步骤二、R构型酮咯酸的拆分,所述的拆分为手性胺拆分或酶拆分;
所述的手性胺拆分步骤为:
将酮咯酸和异丙醇加入反应釜中,升温使酮咯酸溶解,然后加入手性胺和晶种,搅拌均匀后滴加乙酸乙酯,降温结晶,过滤,得到固体1和滤液,将固体1加盐酸酸化,过滤得到产物FP,即R构型酮咯酸;
反应方程式为:
所述的酶拆分的步骤为:
①将酮咯酸和甲醇加入到反应釜中,降温至-5~5℃,加入SOCl2,升温40-50℃至反应完全,浓缩后加水结晶,过滤干燥得到产物D,即酮咯酸甲酯;
反应方程式为:
②依次将产物D,叔丁醇,buffer溶液以及酶加入到反应釜中,反应并监测手性纯度;反应完成后过滤,加甲基叔丁基醚和水洗涤,然后分液、浓缩有机相后再次分液,收集有机相并加入甲基叔丁基醚,降温至-5~5℃,加入异丙胺,搅拌过滤,将过滤得到的固体加入反应釜中然后加水和4mol/L盐酸水溶液酸化,过滤得到产物FP,即R型酮咯酸;
反应方程式为:
步骤(1)中所述2-苯甲酰吡咯、甲烷三羧酸三乙酯、醋酸锰二水合物、醋酸钠和冰醋酸的摩尔比为0.99~1.01:1.09~1.12:1.9~2.1:2.8~3.2:28~32;
优选的,步骤(1)中所述2-苯甲酰吡咯、甲烷三羧酸三乙酯、醋酸锰二水合物、醋酸钠和冰醋酸的摩尔比为1:1.1:3:2:30。
优选的,步骤(1)中所述甲基叔丁基醚的加入量与2-苯甲酰吡咯质量比为18:1;
优选的,步骤(1)中所述升温反应温度为65~75℃,优选为70℃;反应时间为14~20h,优选为16h。
优选的,步骤(1)中所述降温温度为35~45℃;优选为40℃。
优选的,步骤(1)中所述重结晶操作步骤为:向浓缩后的有机相中加入与2-苯甲酰吡咯的质量比为4:1的乙醇,升温至40℃搅拌使固体溶解,后降温至-10℃使固体结晶,过滤、干燥,得产物A;其中冷却降温时间为6-10h。
优选的,步骤(1)中确定反应完全的标准是SM1/A≤5%。
优选的,步骤(2)中所述的1,2-二氯乙烷、产物A、碳酸钾和四丁基溴化铵的摩尔比为85~95:0.99~1.01:8.7~11.6:0.75~1.25;
优选的,上述步骤(2)中所述1,2-二氯乙烷、产物A、碳酸钾和四丁基溴化铵的摩尔比为90:1:10:1。
优选的,步骤(2)中的第一次升温的温度为75~85℃,优选为80℃;反应时间为14-20h,优选为18h;确定反应完全的标准是产物A/产物B≤5%。
优选的,步骤(2)中所述的四氢呋喃溶液的加入量为与产物A的质量比为8:1;
优选的,步骤(2)中所述的氢氧化钠溶液的质量分数为20%;所述的氢氧化钠溶液的加入量为与产物A的质量比为4:1;
优选的,步骤(2)中第二次升温温度为50~60℃,优选为55℃;反应时间为1~5h,优选为5h;确定反应完全的标准是B/C≤5%。
优选的,步骤(2)中所述的HCl的四氢呋喃溶液的质量分数为11%,加入量为与产物A的质量比为1.45:1;
优选的,步骤(2)中甲基叔丁基醚的加入量与产物A的质量比为7:1。
优选的,步骤(2)中所述脱色使用CUNO过滤器;
优选的,步骤(2)中所述重结晶步骤为:将脱色后的有机相浓缩后加入正庚烷,升至40℃搅拌使固体溶解,再缓慢降温至-10℃使固体结晶,过滤、真空干燥,得产物C。
优选的,所述手性胺拆分步骤中所述的异丙醇的加入量与产物C(酮咯酸)的质量比为4.2:1~8.0:1;优选为4.75:1。
优选的,所述手性胺拆分步骤中所述的升温温度为50~60℃,优选为55℃。
优选的,所述手性胺拆分步骤中所述的手性胺为脱氢枞胺,(s)-1-苯乙胺,(1S,2S)-(+)-1,2-二氨基环己烷,L-(-)-肾上腺素,(R)–(+)-1-(1-萘基)乙胺,辛可宁中的一种;优选为辛可宁。
优选的,所述的产物C(酮咯酸)与手性胺的摩尔比为1:0.82~1:1.73;
优选的,所述的产物C(酮咯酸)与晶种的摩尔比为1:0.0005~1:0.05;
优选的,所述的手性胺的加入方式为分批加入,具体加入方式为:先加入与产物C摩尔比为0.52-0.86:1的手性胺,搅拌使固体溶解,再加入与产物C摩尔比为0.04~0.17:1的手性胺,再搅拌使固体溶解后加入与产物C摩尔比为0.04~0.17:1的手性胺,再搅拌1h后加入与产物C摩尔比为0.04~0.17:1的手性胺,最后经搅拌1.5h后加入与产物C摩尔比为0.17~0.35:1的手性胺。
优选的,所述的手性胺的加入方式为:先加入与产物C摩尔比为0.68:1的辛可宁,搅拌使固体溶解,再加入与产物C摩尔比为0.07:1的辛可宁,再搅拌使固体溶解后加入与产物C摩尔比为0.13:1的辛可宁,再搅拌1h后加入与产物C摩尔比为0.1:1的辛可宁,最后经搅拌1.5h后加入与产物C摩尔比为0.25:1的辛可宁。
优选的,所述的晶种在加入第二批手性胺后加入。
优选的,上述手性胺拆分步骤中所述的乙酸乙酯的加入量为与酮咯酸的质量比为5:1;滴加完毕后在50~60℃条件下继续搅拌6~12h,优选地,滴加完毕后在55℃条件下继续搅拌9h。
优选的,所述手性胺拆分步骤中所述的降温为降至15℃。
优选的,将手性胺拆分后得到的滤液继续浓缩后加入乙酸乙酯,搅拌后冷却结晶,过滤得到固体2,弃去滤液,将固体1和固体2合并后加盐酸酸化,过滤得到产物FP,即R构型酮咯酸。
优选的,所述的固体1和固体2均为R型酮咯酸的辛可宁盐,其中,固体1为第一次成盐得到的R型酮咯酸的辛可宁盐,固体2为第一次成盐过滤母液再次结晶后得到的R型酮咯酸的辛可宁盐。
优选的,所述的乙酸乙酯的加入量为与酮咯酸的质量比为8:1,所述的冷却温度为20℃。
优选的,上述酶拆分中所述的酶为Novozym435;所述的酶与产物D的质量比为10:1。
优选的,上述酶拆分中所述的buffer成分为磷酸钾缓冲溶液,pH=7.0。
本申请还提供了前述方案所述R构型酮咯酸在制备治疗癌症药物中的应用;优选的,所述的癌症为结肠癌或/和乳腺癌。
与现有技术相比,本申请的有益效果在于:
(1)现有技术中采用高沸点甲苯为溶剂,存在难以去除,不便于结晶的缺陷,本申请以冰醋酸为反应溶剂,不仅清洁环保,而且容易去除,可以明显提高原料SM1的转化,从而提高酮咯酸的收率和纯度,使得到的酮咯酸收率最高可达到70%以上,纯度达到99%以上;
(2)本申请采用手性胺或酶对酮咯酸进行手性拆分,能够得到高纯度、高收率的R型酮咯酸,并且得到的R型酮咯酸可以预防化疗耐药性,提高化疗疗效和治愈率。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的产物A的液相色谱图;
图2为实施例1制备的产物C的液相色谱图;
图3为实施例1手性胺拆分制备的产物FP的液相色谱图;
图4为实施例1手性胺拆分制备的产物FP的手性纯度HPLC谱图;
图5为实施例1制备的产物D的液相色谱图;
图6为实施例1酶拆分制备的产物FP的液相色谱图;
图7为实施例1酶拆分制备的产物FP的手性纯度HPLC谱图;
图8为实施例2制备的产物A的液相色谱图;
图9为实施例2制备的产物C的液相色谱图;
图10为实施例2手性胺拆分制备的产物FP的液相色谱图;
图11为实施例2手性胺拆分制备的产物FP的手性纯度HPLC谱图;
图12为实施例3制备的产物A的液相色谱图;
图13为实施例3制备的产物C的液相色谱图;
图14实施例3手性胺拆分制备的产物FP的液相色谱图;
图15实施例3手性胺拆分制备的产物FP的手性纯度HPLC谱图;
图16R型酮咯酸与吉西他滨联用在结肠癌模型Colon-26的肿瘤生长曲线图;
图17R型酮咯酸与环磷酰胺联用在结肠癌模型Colon-26的肿瘤生长曲线图;
图18R型酮咯酸与环磷酰胺联用在乳腺癌模型4T1的肿瘤生长曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施方式来对本发明的技术方案做进一步的限定,但要求保护的范围不仅局限于所作的描述。
本发明中所使用的原料组分的购买厂家以及型号如下:
实施例1:一种R型酮咯酸的制备方法
包括以下步骤:
步骤一、酮咯酸的制备:
(1)将冰醋酸(11015g)、醋酸锰二水合物(三价)(4087g)、甲烷三羧酸三乙酯(SM2)(1300g)、2-苯甲酰吡咯(SM1)(870g)和醋酸钠(835g)加入反应釜中,升温至(65~75℃)反应完全,降温(35~45℃)向反应体系中加入甲基叔丁基醚(7000ml),过滤,得滤液;向滤液中加入碳酸钾水溶液调节pH为4~8,分液收集有机相,浓缩后重结晶,过滤、干燥,得产物A(1220g,收率为59.80%,纯度为99.59%(见图1));
反应方程式为:
(2)将1,2-二氯乙烷(28767g)、产物A(1144g)、碳酸钾(3939g)和四丁基溴化铵(918.74g)加入反应釜中,升温至(75~85℃)反应完全,得含有产物B的混合液;将含有产物B的混合液过滤,滤液转入反应釜中浓缩,然后向反应釜中依次加入四氢呋喃溶液(6800mL)和氢氧化钠溶液(20%,4.0kg),升温至55摄氏度反应完全,对产物进行分液,收集有机相,向有机相中加入HCl的四氢呋喃溶液调节pH为3,浓缩,向浓缩液中加入甲基叔丁基醚(5000mL),加水洗涤后分液,收集有机相,脱色后重结晶,过滤、烘干,得到产物C(303g,收率为41.8%,纯度为99.54%(见图2)),即酮咯酸;
反应方程式为:
步骤二、R构型酮咯酸的拆分
2.1手性胺拆分
将产物C(286g)和异丙醇(1610ml)加入反应釜中,升温(55℃)使产物C 溶解,然后加入手性胺(386.76g)和晶种(4.0g),搅拌均匀后滴加乙酸乙酯(1610ml),降温结晶,过滤,得到固体1和滤液,将固体1加盐酸酸化(4mol/L,1275ml),过滤得到产物FP(211.98g,收率为74%,纯度98.58%(见图3)和手性纯度98.84%(见图4)),即R构型酮咯酸。
反应方程式为:
2.2酶拆分:
①将产物C(180g)和甲醇(2844g)加入到反应釜中,降温(-5~5℃),加入SOCl2(126g),升温(40~50℃)至反应完全,浓缩后加入工艺水(900g)结晶,过滤干燥得到产物D(178.69g,收率为94%,纯度为99.45%(见图5));
反应方程式为:
②将产物D(100g)、叔丁醇(400mL)、缓冲溶液(100mL)和酶(10g),调温(25~35℃)至反应完全,过滤,加入甲基叔丁醚(100mL)和工艺水(150mL)洗涤分液,浓缩,分液,加入甲基叔丁基醚(150mL)和异丙胺(12.2g)成盐,过滤得到固体,将固体加盐酸(45mL,4mol/L)酸化得到产物FP(35.91g,收率为39.6%,纯度为97.27%(见图6)和手性纯度87.47%(见图7))。
反应方程式为:
实施例2:一种R型酮咯酸的制备方法
包括以下步骤:
步骤一、酮咯酸的制备:
(1)将冰醋酸(18980g)、醋酸锰二水合物(三价)(4700g)、甲烷三羧酸三乙酯(SM2)(1500g)、2-苯甲酰吡咯(SM1)(1000g)和醋酸钠(960g)加入反应釜中,升温至(65~75℃)反应完全,降温(35~45℃)向反应体系中加入甲基叔丁基醚(7000ml),过滤,得滤液;向滤液中加入碳酸钾水溶液调节pH为4~8,分液收集有机相,浓缩后重结晶,过滤、干燥,得产物A(1740g,收率为74%,纯度为99.69%(见图8));
反应方程式为:
(2)将1,2-二氯乙烷(36.04kg)、产物A(1.72kg)、碳酸钾(6.14kg)和四丁基溴化铵(1.4kg)加入反应釜中,升温至80℃反应完全,得含有产物B的混合液;将含有产物B的混合液过滤,滤液转入反应釜中浓缩,然后向反应釜中依次加入四氢呋喃溶液(12.02kg)和氢氧化钠溶液(7.00kg),升温至(54℃)反应完全,对产物进行分液,收集有机相,向有机相中加入HCl的四氢呋喃溶液(2.5kg)调节pH为3,浓缩,向浓缩液中加入甲基叔丁基醚(6.10kg),加水洗涤后分液,收集有机相,脱色后重结晶,过滤、烘干,得到产物C(0.64kg,收率为56%,纯度为98.34%(见图9)),即酮咯酸;
反应方程式为:
步骤二、R构型酮咯酸的拆分
将产物C(0.56kg)和异丙醇(2.50kg)加入反应釜中,升温(55℃)使产物C溶 解,然后加入手性胺(0.70kg)和晶种(0.011kg),搅拌均匀后滴加乙酸乙酯(2.88kg),降温结晶,过滤,得到固体1和滤液,将固体1加盐酸酸化(4mol/L,2.10kg),过滤得到产物FP(0.32kg,收率为54%,纯度为99.56%(见图10),手性纯度为98.97%(见图11)),即R构型酮咯酸。
反应方程式为:
实施例3:一种R型酮咯酸的制备方法
包括以下步骤:
步骤一、酮咯酸的制备:
(1)将冰醋酸(28.74kg)、醋酸锰二水合物(三价)(8.01kg)、甲烷三羧酸三乙酯(SM2)(2.56kg)、2-苯甲酰吡咯(SM1)(1.71kg)和醋酸钠(1.64kg)加入反应釜中,升温至(65~70℃)反应完全,降温向反应体系中加入甲基叔丁基醚(13.0kg),过滤,得滤液;向滤液中加入碳酸钾水溶液调节pH为4~8,分液收集有机相,浓缩后重结晶,过滤、干燥,得产物A(2.84kg,收率为70%,纯度99.73%(见图12));
反应方程式为:
(2)将1,2-二氯乙烷(59.0kg)、产物A(2.82kg)、碳酸钾(10.0kg)和四丁基溴化铵(2.28kg)加入反应釜中,升温(75~80℃)至反应完全,得含有产物B的混合液;将含有产物B的混合液过滤,滤液转入反应釜中浓缩,然后向反应釜中依次加入四氢呋喃溶液(16.02kg)和氢氧化钠溶液(8.60kg),升温至(50~60℃)反应完全,对产物进行分液,收集有机相,向有机相中加入HCl的四氢呋喃溶液(4.15kg)调节pH为3,浓缩,向浓缩液中加入甲基叔丁基醚 (20.10kg),加水洗涤后分液,收集有机相,脱色后重结晶,过滤、烘干,得到产物C(1.06kg,收率为56%,纯度为94.97%(见图13)),即酮咯酸;
反应方程式为:
步骤二、R构型酮咯酸的拆分
将产物C(1.06kg)和异丙醇(4.64kg)加入反应釜中,升温(50~60℃)使产物C溶解,然后加入手性胺(1.50kg)和晶种(0.018kg),搅拌均匀后滴加乙酸乙酯(5.42kg),降温结晶,过滤,得到固体1和滤液,将固体1加盐酸酸化(6.20kg),过滤得到产物FP(0.452kg,收率为42%,纯度为99.50%(见图14)和手性纯度为99.58%(见图15)),即R构型酮咯酸。
反应方程式为:
应用实施例:R构型酮咯酸在制备治疗结肠癌或乳腺癌药物中的应用
1、R构型酮咯酸与吉西他滨联用在结肠癌模型Colon-26上的治疗效果
结肠癌肿瘤模型的建立使用成年雄性BALB/C小鼠,皮下接种106生长良好的Colon-26肿瘤细胞。从肿瘤接种第7天开始,用游标卡尺测量肿瘤的两个最大直径,每周测量两次,肿瘤大小用面积表示(平方毫米)。肿瘤生长到一定大小后,对小鼠随机分为4组,其中包含一个对照组(n=5)与3个治疗组:R型酮咯酸单药组(n=5)通过灌胃方式给药,每天0.1毫克,一共给药12天;吉西他滨单药组(n=4)通过腹腔注射,每3天1次,每次2毫克,一共给药4次;联合治疗组(n=5)两种药物联用,给药剂量和次数同单药组。
治疗开始后,继续每周测量肿瘤两次,用肿瘤平均面积±SEM做肿瘤生长曲线图。由以下生长曲线图16可见,虽然R型酮咯酸单独给药,对结肠癌 症肿瘤生长没有影响,但当与吉西他滨联用时,可显著增强对肿瘤生长的抑制效果(*p=0.021)。
2、与环磷酰胺联用在结肠癌模型Colon-26上的治疗效果
结肠癌肿瘤模型的建立同上。当肿瘤生长到一定大小后,随机分为3组,其中包括1个对照组(n=6)与2个治疗组:环磷酰胺单药组(n=6)通过腹腔注射给药,每6天注射一次,每次3毫克,一共注射3次;联合治疗组(n=7)环磷酰胺的给药剂量和次数同单药组;在此基础上灌胃给药R型酮咯酸,每天一次,每次0.1毫克,一共给药18次。
治疗开始后,继续每周测量肿瘤两次,用肿瘤平均面积±SEM做肿瘤生长曲线图。由以下生长曲线图17可见,R型酮咯酸与环磷酰胺联用,可显著增强对肿瘤生长的抑制效果(***p=0.0002)。更重要的是,联合治疗组的的7只小鼠中有4只达到完全治愈(治愈率57.1%),而环磷酰胺组6只小鼠中只有1只治愈(治愈率16.7%)。由此可见联合治疗组的治愈率是环磷酰胺单药组的3.4倍。
3、与环磷酰胺联用在乳腺癌模型4T1上的治疗效果
乳腺癌肿瘤模型的建立使用成年雌性BALB/C小鼠,皮下接种5×105生长良好的4T1肿瘤细胞。从肿瘤接种第7天开始,用游标卡尺测量肿瘤的两个最大直径,每周测量两次,肿瘤大小用面积表示(平方毫米)。肿瘤生长到一定大小后,对小鼠随机分为3组,其中包括1个对照组(n=5)与2个治疗组:环磷酰胺单药组(n=6)通过腹腔注射给药,每6天注射一次,每次3毫克,一共注射4次;联合治疗组(n=6)环磷酰胺的给药剂量和次数同单药组,在此基础上灌胃给药R型酮咯酸,每天一次,每次0.1毫克,一共给药24次。
治疗开始后,继续每周测量肿瘤两次,用肿瘤平均面积±SEM做肿瘤生长曲线图。由以下生长曲线图18可见,R型酮咯酸与环磷酰胺联用,可显著增强环磷酰胺对乳腺癌4T1肿瘤生长的抑制效果(**p=0.0075)。
最后应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,虽然可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,但是并不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。

Claims (23)

  1. 一种R型酮咯酸的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    步骤一、酮咯酸的制备;
    步骤二、R构型酮咯酸的拆分:所述的拆分为手性胺拆分或酶拆分;
    所述的手性胺拆分步骤为:
    将酮咯酸和异丙醇加入反应釜中,升温使酮咯酸溶解,然后加入手性胺和晶种,搅拌均匀后滴加乙酸乙酯,降温结晶,过滤,得到固体1和滤液,将固体1加盐酸酸化,过滤得到产物FP,即R构型酮咯酸;
    反应方程式为:
    所述的酶拆分的步骤为:
    ①将酮咯酸和甲醇加入到反应釜中,降温至-5~5℃,加入SOCl2,升温40~50℃至反应完全,浓缩后加水结晶,过滤干燥得到产物D,即酮咯酸甲酯;
    反应方程式为:
    ②依次将产物D,叔丁醇,缓冲溶液以及酶加入到反应釜中,反应并监测手性纯度;反应完成后过滤,加甲基叔丁基醚和水洗涤,然后分液、浓缩有机相后再次分液,收集有机相并加入甲基叔丁基醚,降温至-5~5℃,加入异丙胺,搅拌过滤,将过滤得到的固体加入反应釜中然后加水和4mol/L盐酸水溶液酸化,过滤得到产物FP,即R型酮咯酸;
    反应方程式为:
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤一所述的酮咯酸的制备,包括以下步骤:
    (1)将冰醋酸、醋酸锰二水合物、甲烷三羧酸三乙酯(SM2)、2-苯甲酰吡咯(SM1)和醋酸钠加入反应釜中,升温至反应完全,降温向反应体系中加入甲基叔丁基醚,过滤,得滤液;向滤液中加入碳酸钾水溶液调节pH值为4-8,分液收集有机相,浓缩后重结晶,过滤、干燥,得产物A,即(5-苯甲酰基-1H-吡咯-2-基)三乙酯甲酸三乙酯;
    反应方程式为:
    (2)将1,2-二氯乙烷、产物A、碳酸钾和四丁基溴化铵加入反应釜中,第一升温至反应完全,得含有产物B,即5-苯甲酰基-2,3-二氢-1H-吡咯嗪-1,1-二羧酸二乙酯的混合液;将含有产物B的混合液过滤,滤液转入反应釜中浓缩,然后向反应釜中依次加入四氢呋喃溶液和氢氧化钠溶液,第二升温至反应完全,对产物进行分液,收集有机相,向有机相中加入HCl的四氢呋喃溶液调节pH值为3,浓缩,向浓缩液中加入甲基叔丁基醚,加水洗涤后分液,收集有机相,脱色后重结晶,过滤、烘干,得到产物C,即酮咯酸;
    反应方程式为:
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述手性胺拆分步 骤中所述的异丙醇的加入量与酮咯酸的质量比为4.2:1~8.0:1;。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述手性胺拆分步骤所述升温的温度为50~60℃。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述手性胺拆分步骤中所述的手性胺为脱氢枞胺、(s)-1-苯乙胺、(1S,2S)-(+)-1,2-二氨基环己烷、L-(-)-肾上腺素、(R)–(+)-1-(1-萘基)乙胺和辛可宁中的一种。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述手性胺拆分步骤中所述的酮咯酸与手性胺的摩尔比为1:0.82~1:1.73。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述手性胺拆分步骤中所述的酮咯酸与晶种的摩尔比为1:0.0005~1:0.05。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述手性胺拆分步骤中所述的手性胺的加入方式为分批加入;分批加入的步骤为:先加入与酮咯酸摩尔比为0.52~0.86:1的手性胺,搅拌使固体溶解,再加入与酮咯酸摩尔比为0.04~0.17:1的手性胺,再搅拌使固体溶解后加入与酮咯酸摩尔比为0.04~0.17:1的手性胺,再搅拌1h后加入与酮咯酸摩尔比为0.04~0.17:1的手性胺,最后经搅拌1.5h后加入与酮咯酸摩尔比为0.17~0.35:1的手性胺。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在第二次加入手性胺后加入晶种。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述手性胺拆分步骤所述的乙酸乙酯的加入量为与酮咯酸的质量比为5:1;滴加完毕后还包括在50-60℃条件下继续搅拌6~12h。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述手性胺拆分步骤所述的降温结晶为降温至15℃。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述酶拆分步骤中所述的酶为Novozym 435;所述的酶的加入量与产物D的质量比为10:1。
  13. 根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述2-苯甲酰吡咯、甲烷三羧酸三乙酯、醋酸锰二水合物、醋酸钠和冰醋酸的摩尔比为0.99~1.01:1.09~1.12:1.9~2.1:2.8~3.2:28~32。
  14. 根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述 甲基叔丁基醚与2-苯甲酰吡咯的质量比为18:1。
  15. 根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述1,2-二氯乙烷、产物A、碳酸钾和四丁基溴化铵的摩尔比为85~95:0.99~1.01:8.7~11.6:0.75~1.25。
  16. 根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述的四氢呋喃溶液与产物A的质量比为8:1;所述的氢氧化钠溶液与产物A的质量比为4:1。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氢氧化钠溶液的质量分数为20%。
  18. 根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述HCl的四氢呋喃溶液的质量分数为11%,所述HCl的四氢呋喃溶液的加入量与产物A的质量比为1.45:1。
  19. 根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述甲基叔丁基醚与产物A的质量比为7:1。
  20. 根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述的重结晶步骤为:将脱色后的有机相浓缩后加入正庚烷,升至40℃搅拌使固体溶解,再缓慢降温至-10℃使固体结晶,过滤、真空干燥,得到产物C。
  21. 如权利要求1~20任一项所述的制备方法制备的R构型酮咯酸在制备治疗癌症的药物中的应用。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的应用,其特征在于:所述的癌症选自结肠癌和/或乳腺癌。
  23. 根据权利要求21所述的应用,其特征在于:所述治疗癌症的药物包括R构型酮咯酸和化疗药物;所述化疗药物包括吉西他滨或环磷酰胺。
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