WO2024021501A1 - 电机 - Google Patents

电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024021501A1
WO2024021501A1 PCT/CN2022/142012 CN2022142012W WO2024021501A1 WO 2024021501 A1 WO2024021501 A1 WO 2024021501A1 CN 2022142012 W CN2022142012 W CN 2022142012W WO 2024021501 A1 WO2024021501 A1 WO 2024021501A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air guide
guide ring
diameter
fan
inner diameter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/142012
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘天亮
Original Assignee
江苏东成工具科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 江苏东成工具科技有限公司 filed Critical 江苏东成工具科技有限公司
Publication of WO2024021501A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024021501A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H02K5/207—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium with openings in the casing specially adapted for ambient air
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/02—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine
    • H02K9/04—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium
    • H02K9/06—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium with fans or impellers driven by the machine shaft
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a motor, in particular to a motor with a wind guide cover.
  • the air guide plate used in traditional AC or DC power tool fans can guide the airflow into the fan inlet to a certain extent, it cannot reasonably distribute the motor heat dissipation flow to the air gap and the stator casing channel. It is very easy to cause uneven cooling of the outer stator, coils and rotor and excessive local temperature. For DC tools, it is the frequent over-temperature protection of the machine.
  • the existing technology does not reveal its optimal structural size for motor heat dissipation, fan power consumption, etc., nor does it reveal the inner diameter of the air guide, the distance from the coil, the diameter of the rotor, the inside and outside of the outer stator, etc. The relationship between diameter, etc. and system heat dissipation.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a motor with improved heat dissipation performance.
  • a motor including a rotating shaft extending in the axial direction, an inner rotor fixed on the rotating shaft, an outer stator sleeved on the outer periphery of the inner rotor, and an outer stator arranged on the outer circumference of the inner rotor.
  • a fan on the rotating shaft, the fan is located at the axial front end of the outer stator and rotates with the rotating shaft to generate airflow to cool the outer stator;
  • the motor also includes a fan located between the outer stator and the fan.
  • the air guide hood includes a first air guide ring located at the axial rear end and a second air guide ring located at the axial front end.
  • the fan is located in the second air guide ring, and the first air guide ring is located at the axial rear end.
  • the air guide ring is arranged adjacent to the outer stator and has an inner diameter d3 of the first air guide ring.
  • the outer stator has a first inner diameter d1.
  • the inner diameter d3 of the first air guide ring is greater than or equal to the first inner diameter of the outer stator. d1.
  • the fan has a hub driven by the rotating shaft and several blades extending radially outward from the outer circumferential surface of the hub, the hub has a hub diameter d5, and the inner rotor has a rotor outer diameter. d0, the hub diameter d5 is less than or equal to the rotor outer diameter d0.
  • the second air guide ring has an axial height h2
  • the blades have a blade height h3
  • the axial height h2 of the second air guide ring is greater than or equal to the blade height h3 of the blade 52.
  • a further improvement is that the fan has a fan diameter d6, the ratio of the hub diameter d5 to the fan diameter d6 is less than or equal to 0.5, and the ratio of the hub diameter d5 to the fan diameter d6 is greater than or equal to 0.2.
  • the air guide cover has an air guide plate located between the first air guide ring and the second air guide ring, and the air guide plate is provided with a first through which the rotating shaft passes.
  • the first opening has an inner diameter d4 of the air guide plate, wherein the relationship between the inner diameter d4 of the air guide plate, the diameter d5 of the hub, and the diameter d6 of the fan follows the following formula: 0.5(d5+d6) ⁇ d4 ⁇ d6.
  • a further improvement is that the first air guide ring has an axial height h1, and the ratio of the axial height h1 of the first air guide ring to the inner diameter d4 of the air guide plate is less than or equal to 0.5 and greater than 0.1.
  • the second air guide ring has a second air guide ring inner diameter d7, wherein the relationship between the second air guide ring inner diameter d7, the fan diameter d6 and the air guide plate inner diameter d4 follows the following Formula: d7 ⁇ 2d6–d4.
  • the air guide cover includes an extended edge protruding outward along the circumferential direction of the air guide plate inside the second air guide ring, and the extended edge is provided with a protrusion perpendicular to the second air guide ring.
  • the motor further includes an end plate located on the end side of the motor, the inner side of the first air guide ring is arc-shaped and the outer edge of the first air guide ring abuts the end plate , the first air guide ring also has a first volute part to guide the air flow.
  • a further improvement is that the second air guide ring has a second volute portion for accommodating the fan and a second opening located in the circumferential direction of the second air guide ring, and the second opening is used to conduct air flow.
  • the present invention has one or more of the following beneficial effects:
  • the air guide cover includes a first air guide ring and a second air guide ring.
  • the first air guide ring and the second air guide ring are hollow and have two sides. The end is open, the first air guide ring has an inner diameter d3, the outer stator has a first inner diameter d1, the inner diameter d3 of the first air guide ring is set to be greater than or equal to the inner diameter d1 of the outer stator, the outer stator and the casing
  • the airflow between the air guide ring and the casing is not easy to enter, the heat dissipation effect is good, and the airflow through the fan can be increased by at least 10%;
  • the hub diameter d5 is less than or equal to the rotor outer diameter d0, the airflow between the outer stator and the rotor can completely enter the fan. Compared with the hub diameter d5 which is larger than the rotor outer diameter d0, the heat dissipation effect is good and can be increased by 5 % of motor heat dissipation flow;
  • the axial height h2 of the second air guide ring is greater than or equal to the blade height h3 to ensure that the blades are completely located in the second volute part of the second air guide ring, which is beneficial to controlling the direction of the air flow and has a good heat dissipation effect.
  • the ratio of the hub diameter d5 to the fan diameter d6 is less than or equal to 0.5, and the ratio of the hub diameter d5 to the fan diameter d6 is greater than or equal to 0.2, it is not easy.
  • the vortex area is formed at the fan blades, which has a good heat dissipation effect and can increase the motor heat dissipation flow by more than 5%;
  • the inner diameter d4 of the air guide plate is greater than or equal to one-half of the sum of the hub diameter d5 and the fan diameter d6, and the inner diameter d4 of the air guide plate is less than or equal to the fan diameter d6.
  • the heat dissipation effect is Good, it can significantly increase the motor heat dissipation flow by more than 10%;
  • the first air guide ring has an axial height h1.
  • the ratio of the axial height h1 of the first air guide ring to the inner diameter d4 of the air guide plate is less than or equal to 0.5 and greater than 0.1.
  • the heat dissipation effect is good and relatively good. If the ratio is not within the range, the motor heat dissipation flow can be increased by more than 5%;
  • the second air guide ring has an inner diameter d7.
  • the inner diameter d7 of the second air guide ring is greater than or equal to twice the fan diameter d6 minus the difference between the inner diameter d4 of the air guide plate.
  • the heat dissipation effect is good and relatively good.
  • the fan outlet airflow can obtain sufficient static pressure to overcome the flow resistance and the motor can dissipate heat.
  • the flow rate increases by at least 10%, and the winding temperature rise decreases by more than 2°C;
  • the inner side of the first air guide ring is arc-shaped, which is right-angled compared to the inner side, which can prevent the airflow on the inlet side from directly colliding with the air guide plate of the air guide hood and cause a loss of airflow speed, and can improve the heat dissipation effect. .
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the motor of the present invention applied to an electric tool
  • Figure 2 is a schematic three-dimensional view of the motor according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded schematic diagram of the motor shown in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the air guide cover in the motor shown in Figure 2;
  • Figure 5 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the wind guide cover in the motor according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the motor shown in Figure 2;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the first inner diameter d1 and the second inner diameter d2 of the outer stator in the motor shown in Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of d3 of the air guide cover in the motor shown in Figure 6;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the hub ratio of the fan shown in FIG. 6 .
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • connection or integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two components.
  • connection or integral connection
  • connection or integral connection
  • connection can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection
  • it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium
  • it can be an internal connection between two components.
  • specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood on a case-by-case basis.
  • the embodiment of the present invention relates to a motor 100, which is used in electric tools, including but not limited to electric hammers, angle grinders, or jigsaws, to provide power for electric tools.
  • the electric hammer is preferably an electric hammer.
  • the electric hammer is a portable DC electric hammer that can install the battery pack 70.
  • the battery pack 70 can be installed at the bottom of the handle through the battery pack installation guide rail.
  • the circuit board 90 that controls the operation of the electric hammer is located at the bottom of the casing 80 and is electrically connected to the motor 100, battery pack 70, switches, etc. respectively.
  • the motor 100 includes a rotating shaft 10 extending in the axial direction, an inner rotor 20 fixed on the outer periphery of the rotating shaft 10 , an outer stator 30 sleeved on the outer circumference of the inner rotor 20 , and The wind guide 40 on the motor, the fan 50 provided on the rotating shaft 10 and the end plate 60 located on the end side of the motor, the inner rotor 20 is located between the rotating shaft 10 and the outer stator 30 , the outer stator 30 includes a stator core 31 and a winding 32 that are sleeved outside the inner rotor 20 .
  • the fan 50 rotates with the rotating shaft 10 to generate airflow.
  • the air guide 40 includes a first air guide ring 41 located at the axial rear end and a second air guide ring 41 located at the axial front end. Ring 42, the first air guide ring 41 and the second air guide ring 42 respectively have a first volute part 411 and a second volute part 421, the fan 50 is arranged on the second volute part 421 to help dissipate heat.
  • the air guide 40 has an air guide plate 43 connected to the first air guide ring 41 and the second air guide ring 42.
  • the air guide plate 43 is provided with
  • the first opening 431 is for the rotating shaft to pass through.
  • the first opening 431 has an inner diameter d4 of the air guide plate.
  • the air guide cover 40 includes a circumferential protrusion of the air guide plate 43 along the inner side of the second air guide ring 42 .
  • the extended edge 45 is provided with a protrusion 451 perpendicular to the second air guide ring 42.
  • the protrusion 451 is provided in the casing 80 for positioning the air guide ring.
  • the second air guide ring The ring 42 has a second opening 44 to conduct air flow.
  • the motor also includes an end plate 60 located on the end side of the motor.
  • the first air guide ring 41 has a first volute portion 411 to conduct air flow.
  • the outer edge of the first air guide ring 41 is in contact with the air flow.
  • the end plate 60 and the inner side of the first air guide ring 41 are arc-shaped, which can prevent the air flow on the inlet side from directly colliding with the air guide plate 43 of the air guide cover 40 and cause a loss of air flow speed, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect.
  • FIG. 5 is another embodiment of the air guide cover of the present invention.
  • the second air guide ring 42 is arc-shaped and may not have the second opening 44 .
  • the second air guide ring 42 is arc-shaped.
  • the second air guide ring 42 has a second opening 44 to guide the air flow and achieve better heat dissipation effect.
  • the first air guide ring 41 has an inner diameter d3, the outer stator 30 has a first stator inner diameter d1, and the outer stator 30 has a first stator inner diameter d1.
  • 30 has a second inner diameter d2 of the stator, an inner diameter d3 of the first air guide ring 41 is 40.1mm, and the first inner diameter d1 of the stator of the outer stator 30 is 26.8mm.
  • the inner diameter d3 of the outer stator 30 is, for example, but not limited to, 35mm, 38mm, 40mm, 44.5mm, 48mm, and 50mm.
  • the first stator inner diameter d1 of the outer stator 30 is, for example, but not limited to, 24mm, 25.5mm, 27mm, 29mm, 30mm, 35mm, and 40mm.
  • the present invention found through research that when the inner diameter d3 of the first air guide ring is greater than or equal to the inner diameter d1 of the outer stator, the airflow between the outer stator 30 and the power tool casing 80 will not easily enter the first air guide. The heat dissipation effect between the ring 41 and the power tool casing 80 is good.
  • the inner diameter d3 of the first air guide ring is 40.1mm
  • the first inner diameter d1 of the stator of the outer stator 30 is 41mm.
  • the airflow through the fan can At least 10% more.
  • the cooling fan is a very important component in the motor.
  • the performance of the fan directly affects the heat dissipation capacity of the motor, thereby affecting the life of the motor.
  • Most of the blades of the cooling fan are free-form surfaces, and other parts will be designed with different structures based on actual working conditions.
  • motor cooling fans There are two types of motor cooling fans: thrust type and centrifugal type. Spiral fans are thrust type, while straight blades are centrifugal. The wind from the thrust fan blows longitudinally, acts on the motor end cover and bounces back, which has poor heat dissipation effect on the motor casing.
  • the selected fan 50 is a centrifugal fan 50 .
  • the fan 50 has a hub 51 driven by the rotating shaft 10 and a plurality of blades 52 protruding radially outward from the outer circumferential surface of the hub 51 .
  • the hub 51 has a hub diameter d5
  • the fan 50 has a fan diameter d6, and the fan diameter d6 is approximately the same size as the second inner diameter d2 of the stator.
  • the ratio of the hub diameter d5 to the fan diameter d6 is defined as the hub ratio.
  • the hub ratio is less than or equal to 0.5, and the hub ratio is greater than or equal to 0.5.
  • the hub diameter d5 is 22mm
  • the fan diameter d6 is 44mm.
  • the hub diameter d5 is not limited to 22mm.
  • the hub diameter d5 is, for example, but not limited to 20mm, 21mm, 23mm, 25mm, 28mm, and 30mm.
  • the fan diameter d6 is, for example, but is not limited to 30mm, 45mm, 48mm, and 50mm. , 54mm, 56mm, 60mm.
  • the hub ratio is too small.
  • the hub ratio in the comparative example is 0.1
  • the air intake at the root of the blade is not enough to cool the bottom of the winding coil, causing the temperature of the winding coil to increase by more than 5% and damaging the motor.
  • the hub ratio is less than or equal to 0.5, as implemented
  • the hub ratio is 0.3, for example, compared to a fan with a hub ratio greater than 0.5, for example, when the hub ratio is 0.7
  • the embodiment can ensure that air enters the root of the blade to cool the bottom of the winding, reducing the winding temperature by more than 3%.
  • the inner rotor has a rotor outer diameter d0.
  • the rotor outer diameter d0 is, for example, but not limited to 20mm, 21mm, 22mm, 23mm, 25mm, 28mm, or 30mm.
  • the hub diameter d5 is 23mm
  • the rotor outer diameter d0 is 26mm, which allows the airflow between the outer stator 30 and the inner rotor 20 to completely enter the fan 50.
  • the hub diameter d5 is 40mm and the rotor outer diameter d0 is 35mm.
  • the embodiment of the present invention has a good heat dissipation effect and can increase the heat dissipation flow of the motor by 5%.
  • the second air guide ring 42 has an axial height h2, and the blade 52 has a blade height h3.
  • the axial height h2 of the second air guide ring 42 is 5 mm.
  • the blade height h3 of the blade 52 is 3.9mm.
  • the axial height h2 of the second air guide ring 42 is, for example, but not limited to 4mm, 4.5mm, 5.2mm, 6mm, 8mm. , 10mm
  • the blade height h3 of the blade 52 is, for example, but not limited to 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 3.4mm, 4mm, 5mm, or 6mm.
  • the present invention found through research that the axial height h2 of the second air guide ring 42 is greater than or equal to the blade height h3.
  • the blade 52 The blade height h3 is 3.9mm. At this time, it can be ensured that the blades 52 are completely located in the second volute portion 421 of the second air guide ring 42, which is beneficial to controlling the airflow direction and has a good heat dissipation effect.
  • the air guide 40 has an air guide plate 43 connected to the first air guide ring 41 and the second air guide ring 42.
  • the air guide plate 43 has a guide plate 43.
  • the inner diameter d4 of the air guide plate is, for example, but not limited to 30mm, 33mm, 35.5mm, 36.5mm, 37.2mm, 39.6mm, 40.8mm, or 45mm.
  • the inner diameter d4 of the air guide plate is The inner diameter d4 of the wind plate is 35.5mm.
  • the inventor unexpectedly discovered that when the inner diameter d4 of the air guide plate is larger than the diameter d6 of the fan, for example, if the inner diameter d4 of the air guide plate is 40mm and the fan diameter d6 is 35mm, cross-wind will occur.
  • the wind guide hood cannot guide the wind; if the inner diameter d4 of the air guide plate is too small, for example, the inner diameter d4 of the air guide plate is less than one-half of the sum of the hub diameter d5 and the fan diameter d6, the comparative example is such as wind guide
  • the inner diameter d4 of the plate is 20mm, the diameter d5 of the hub is 28mm, and the diameter d6 of the fan is 50mm.
  • the air flow resistance will be too large and the heat dissipation flow of the entire power tool will be reduced by more than 5%.
  • the inner diameter d4 of the air guide plate is greater than or equal to half of the sum of the hub diameter d5 and the fan diameter d6, and the inner diameter d4 of the air guide plate is less than or equal to the fan diameter d6,
  • the inner diameter d4 of the air guide plate is 35.5mm
  • the diameter d5 of the hub is 22mm
  • the diameter d6 of the fan is 44mm.
  • the heat dissipation effect is better, and the heat dissipation flow of the motor is greatly increased, up to more than 10%.
  • the first air guide ring has an axial height h1.
  • the axial height h1 of the first air guide ring is, for example, but not limited to 5mm, 8.2mm, 10mm, 11.5mm, 12.5mm, 15mm. , in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the axial height h1 of the first air guide ring is 8.2mm.
  • the ratio of the axial height h1 of the first air guide ring to the inner diameter d4 of the air guide plate is too small, for example, the axial height h1 is 5mm, the air guide The inner diameter d4 of the plate is 50mm, and the hot air between the winding coils is easy to directly hit the wall of the air guide, increasing the flow resistance and causing the local temperature to rise by more than 3%; if the axial height h1 of the first air guide ring is different from the guide
  • the ratio of the inner diameter d4 of the air guide plate is too large, for example, the axial height h1 is 18mm, and the inner diameter d4 of the air guide plate is 30mm, then the axial flow space inside the first air guide ring is too large, and an annular vortex area is easily formed, which is not conducive to heating.
  • the outlet air flows directly into the fan and is discharged, and the motor heat dissipation flow is reduced by more than 5%.
  • the second air guide ring has an inner diameter d7.
  • the inner diameter d7 of the second air guide ring is, for example, but not limited to 50mm, 54.2mm, 58mm, 60mm, 62mm, 65mm, and 70mm. In the present invention, In a preferred embodiment, the inner diameter d7 of the second air guide ring is 60.1 mm.
  • the relationship between the inner diameter d7 of the second air guide ring, the fan diameter d6 and the inner diameter d4 of the air guide plate follows the following formula: when d7 ⁇ 2d6–d4 , for example, when the inner diameter d7 of the second air guide ring is 60.1mm, the fan diameter d6 is 44mm, and the inner diameter d4 of the air guide plate is 35.5mm, the total pressure efficiency is greatly improved.
  • the inner diameter d7 of the second air guide ring is less than twice the fan diameter d6 minus the difference in the inner diameter d4 of the air guide plate, for example, the inner diameter d7 of the second air guide ring is 40mm and the fan diameter d6 is 44mm, and the inner diameter d4 of the air guide plate is 35.5mm.
  • the air outlet of the fan 50 cannot obtain sufficient expansion pressure.
  • the flow speed is too low and the static pressure is not high, so the air outlet resistance is too large. , the air outlet is not smooth.
  • the fan outlet airflow can obtain sufficient static pressure to overcome the flow resistance, the motor heat dissipation flow increases by at least 10%, and the winding temperature rise is reduced by more than 2°C.
  • the blades 52 located in the second volute part 421 will be driven to rotate at a high speed. Due to the arrangement of the air guide 40, the heat dissipation effect on the motor 100 is enhanced. At the same time, The noise generated by the rotation of the motor 100 can also be reduced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种电机，包括沿轴向延伸的转轴、固定于所述转轴上的内转子、套设于所述内转子的外周的外定子、固定于所述转轴上的风扇及位于所述外定子与所述风扇之间的导风罩，所述导风罩包括位于轴向后端的第一导风圈及位于轴向前端的第二导风圈，所述风扇位于所述第二导风圈内，所述第一导风圈邻近所述外定子设置且第一导风圈具有内径d3，所述外定子具有第一内径d1，所述第一导风圈的内径d3大于或等于所述外定子的第一内径d1，明显改善了散热效果。

Description

电机 【技术领域】
本发明涉及一种电机，特别涉及一种具有导风罩的电机。
【背景技术】
传统交流或直流电动工具风扇所用的导风板，虽一定程度上能起到引导气流进入风扇入口处的作用，但是并不能将电机散热流量对气隙和定子机壳通道进行合理的分配，这样极容易造成外定子和线圈以及转子冷却不均而局部温度过高，对于直流工具而言是机器频繁过温保护。
另外，对于导风罩本身结构而言，现有技术没有揭示其对电机散热、风扇功耗等的最优结构尺寸，也没有揭示导风罩内径、与线圈距离及与转子直径、外定子内外径等与系统散热的关系。
鉴于此，确有必要提供一种改进的电机，以克服现有技术存在的缺陷。
【发明内容】
针对现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种散热性能改进的电机。
本发明解决现有技术问题可采用如下技术方案：一种电机，包括沿轴向延伸的转轴、固定于所述转轴上的内转子、套设于所述内转子的外周的外定子及设置于所述转轴上的风扇，所述风扇位于所述外定子的轴向前端且随所述转轴旋转以产生气流冷却所述外定子；所述电机还包括位于所述外定子与所述风扇之间的导风罩，所述导风罩包括位于轴向后端的第一导风圈及位于轴向前端的第二导风圈，所述风扇位于所述第二导风圈内，所述第一导风圈邻近所述外定子设置且具有第一导风圈内径d3，所述外定子具有第一内径d1，所述第一导风 圈的内径d3大于或等于所述外定子的第一内径d1。
进一步改进方案为：所述风扇具有由所述转轴驱动的轮毂及自所述轮毂的外周面径向向外延伸的数个叶片，所述轮毂具有轮毂直径d5，所述内转子具有转子外径d0，所述轮毂直径d5小于或等于所述转子外径d0。
进一步改进方案为：所述第二导风圈具有轴向高度h2，所述叶片具有叶片高度h3，所述第二导风圈的轴向高度h2大于或等于所述叶片52的叶片高度h3。
进一步改进方案为：所述风扇具有风扇直径d6，所述轮毂直径d5与所述风扇直径d6之比小于或等于0.5，并且所述轮毂直径d5与所述风扇直径d6之比大于或等于0.2。
进一步改进方案为：所述导风罩具有位于所述第一导风圈和所述第二导风圈之间的导风板，所述导风板设有供所述转轴穿过的第一开口，所述第一开口具有导风板内径d4，其中，所述导风板内径d4、所述轮毂直径d5、所述风扇直径d6的关系遵循以下公式：0.5(d5+d6)≤d4≤d6。
进一步改进方案为：所述第一导风圈具有轴向高度h1，所述第一导风圈的轴向高度h1与所述导风板内径d4之比小于或等于0.5且大于0.1。
进一步改进方案为：所述第二导风圈具有第二导风圈内径d7，其中，所述第二导风圈内径d7、所述风扇直径d6与所述导风板内径d4的关系遵循以下公式：d7≥2d6–d4。
进一步改进方案为：所述导风罩包括沿所述第二导风圈内侧的导风板周向向外凸伸的延边，所述延边设有垂直于所述第二导风圈的凸起。
进一步改进方案为：所述电机还包括位于所述电机端侧的端板，所述第一导风圈的内侧呈圆弧状且所述第一导风圈的外缘抵接所述端板，所述第一导风圈还具有第一蜗壳部以导通气流。
进一步改进方案为：所述第二导风圈具有容纳所述风扇的第二蜗壳部及位于所述第二导风圈周向的第二开口，所述第二开口用以导通气流。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下一个或多个有益效果：
1、通过在所述电机上设置导风罩，所述导风罩包括第一导风圈及第二导风圈，所述第一导风圈及所述第二导风圈为中空且两端开口，所述第一导风圈具有内径d3，所述外定子具有第一内径d1，设置所述第一导风圈内径d3大于或等于所述外定子的内径d1，外定子与机壳间的气流不容易进入所述第一导风圈与机壳之间，散热效果好，经过风扇的气流可以至少增加10％；
2、当所述轮毂直径d5小于或等于所述转子外径d0时，可以使得外定子与转子间气流完全进入风扇，相较于轮毂直径d5大于转子外径d0，散热效果好，可以增加5％的电机散热流量；
3、所述第二导风圈的轴向高度h2大于或等于叶片高度h3，以确保叶片完全处于所述第二导风圈的第二蜗壳部中，有利于控制气流方向，散热效果好；
4、所述风扇具有风扇直径d6，所述轮毂直径d5与所述风扇直径d6之比小于或等于0.5，并且所述轮毂直径d5与所述风扇直径d6之比大于或等于0.2时，不容易在风扇叶片处形成涡流区域，散热效果好，可以提升5％以上的电机散热流量；
5、所述导风板内径d4大于或等于所述轮毂直径d5与所述风扇直径d6之和的二分之一，且所述导风板内径d4小于或等于所述风扇直径d6，散热效果好，可以显著提升10％以上的电机散热流量；
6、所述第一导风圈具有轴向高度h1，所述第一导风圈的轴向高度h1与所述导风板内径d4之比小于或等于0.5且大于0.1，散热效果好，相较于比值不在范围内，可以增加5％以上的电机散热流量；
7、所述第二导风圈具有内径d7，所述第二导风圈的内径d7大于或等于两倍的风扇直径d6再减去所述导风板内径d4的差，散热效果好，相较于所述第二导风圈的内径d7小于两倍的风扇直径d6再减去所述导风板内径d4的差，此时风扇出风气流可以获得足够的静压克服流动阻力，电机散热流量增加至少10％，绕组温升减少2℃以上；
8、所述第一导风圈内侧呈圆弧状，相较于内侧呈直角状，可以避免入口侧的气流直接冲撞所述导风罩的导风板引起气流速度的损失，可以提高散热效果。
【附图说明】
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步详细的说明:
图1是本发明电机应用于电动工具的剖视图；
图2是本发明第一实施例的电机的立体示意图；
图3是图2所示电机的分解示意图；
图4是图2所示电机中导风罩的剖视图；
图5是本发明第二实施例的电机中导风罩的立体示意图；
图6是图2所示的电机的剖视图；
图7是图6所示电机中的外定子第一内径d1与第二内径d2的示意图；
图8是图6所示电机中导风罩的d3示意图；
图9是图6所示的风扇的轮毂比示意图。
图中附图标记的含义：
Figure PCTCN2022142012-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2022142012-appb-000002
【具体实施方式】
下面结合附图和实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明。
在本发明中使用的术语是仅仅出于描述特定实施例的目的，而非旨在限制本发明。例如下述的“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”等指示方位或位置关系的词语仅基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置/元件必须具有特定的方位或以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本文中，所有以范围或百分比范围形式界定的特征如数值、数量、比值仅是为了简洁及方便。据此，数值范围或百分比范围的描述应视为已涵盖且具 体公开所有可能的次级范围及范围内的个别数值(包括整数与分数)，特别是整数数值。举例而言，“1至8”的范围描述应视为已经具体公开如1至7、2至8、2至6、3至6、4至8、3至8等等所有次级范围，特别是由整数数值所界定的次级范围，且应视为已经具体公开范围内如1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8等个别数值。除非另有指明，否则前述解释方法适用于本发明全文的所有内容，不论范围广泛与否。
若数量或其他数值或参数是以范围、优选范围或一系列上限与下限表示，则其应理解成是本文已特定公开了由任意一对该范围的上限或优选值与该范围的下限或优选值构成的所有范围，不论这些范围是否有分别公开。此外，本文中若提到数值的范围时，除非另有说明，否则该范围应包括其端点以及范围内的所有整数与分数。
在本文中，在可实现发明目的的前提下，数值应理解成具有该数值有效位数的精确度。举例来说，数字40.0应理解成涵盖39.50至40.49的范围。
此外，下面所描述的本发明不同实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互结合。
请参阅图1所示，本发明的实施方式涉及一种电机100，应用于电动工具上，包括但不限于电锤、角磨机、或曲线锯，为电动工具提供动力，在本发明中，电动工具优选电锤，电锤为可安装电池包70的便携式直流电锤，电池包70可通过电池包安装导轨安装于把手底部。控制电锤运行的线路板90设于机壳80底部，分别与电机100、电池包70、开关等电性连接。通过使用在本发明的电机上设置导风罩，可以改善电机和电动工具的通风状况，可有效降低电机和电动工具的温升，提高散热效果。
请参阅图2及图3所示，电机100包括沿轴向延伸的转轴10、固定于所述 转轴10外周的内转子20、套设于所述内转子20外的外定子30、抵靠于所述电机上的导风罩40、设置于所述转轴10上的风扇50及位于所述电机端侧的端板60，所述内转子20位于所述转轴10与所述外定子30之间，所述外定子30包括套设于所述内转子20外的定子铁芯31及绕组32，所述风扇50随所述转轴10旋转以产生气流。在电机100和风扇50之间安装导风罩40可以改善电机100的散热性能，并且所述导风罩40包括位于轴向后端的第一导风圈41及位于轴向前端的第二导风圈42，所述第一导风圈41和所述第二导风圈42分别具有第一蜗壳部411和第二蜗壳部421，将所述风扇50设置于所述第二蜗壳部421内，有助于散热。
请参阅图3及图4所示，所述导风罩40具有与所述第一导风圈41和所述第二导风圈42相连的导风板43，所述导风板43设有供所述转轴穿过的第一开口431，所述第一开口431具有导风板内径d4，所述导风罩40包括沿所述第二导风圈42内侧的导风板43周向凸伸的延边45，所述延边45设有垂直于所述第二导风圈42的凸起451，凸起451设置在机壳80中，用于导风圈的定位，所述第二导风圈42具有第二开口44以导通气流。所述电机还包括位于所述电机端侧的端板60，所述第一导风圈41具有第一蜗壳部411以导通气流，所述第一导风圈41的外缘抵接所述端板60，且所述第一导风圈41内侧呈圆弧状，可以避免入口侧的气流直接冲撞导风罩40的导风板43引起气流速度的损失，可以提高散热效果。
请参阅图5所示，为本发明导风罩的另一实施例，可以看到，其中的第二导风圈42呈圆弧状，也可以不具有第二开口44，当然优选地，第二导风圈42具有第二开口44以导通气流，具有更佳的散热效果。
请参阅图6、图7及图8所示，在本发明的一个实施例中，所述第一导风圈 41具有内径d3，所述外定子30具有定子第一内径d1，所述外定子30具有定子第二内径d2，第一导风圈41内径d3为40.1mm，所述外定子30的定子第一内径d1为26.8mm，在本发明的实施例中，所述第一导风圈41内径d3例如但不限于35mm、38mm、40mm、44.5mm、48mm、50mm，所述外定子30的定子第一内径d1例如但不限于24mm、25.5mm、27mm、29mm、30mm、35mm、40mm。本发明通过研究发现，所述第一导风圈内径d3大于或等于所述外定子的内径d1时，此时外定子30与电动工具机壳80间的气流不容易进入所述第一导风圈41与电动工具机壳80之间，散热效果好，相较于比较例第一导风圈内径d3为40.1mm，所述外定子30的定子第一内径d1为41mm，经过风扇的气流可以至少增加10％。
散热风扇是电机中非常重要的部件，风扇的性能直接影响电机的散热能力，从而影响电机的寿命。散热风扇大部分叶片都是自由曲面，同时其他部分也会根据实际工作条件设计不同结构。电动机散热风扇有推力式和离心式两种。螺旋形式的风扇属于推力式的，直的扇叶是离心式的。推力式风扇的风是纵向吹的，作用在电动机端盖上并反弹回去，对电机外壳散热效果不佳。离心式风扇的风是向四周辐射的，作用在电动机的弧形尾罩上并流向电机外壳的散热筋，对电机外壳散热效果较好，但会使得电机体积增大，成本也提高。在发明中，优选地，所选风扇50为离心风扇50。
请参阅图9所示，所述风扇50具有由所述转轴10驱动的轮毂51及自所述轮毂51的外周面径向向外凸伸的数个叶片52，所述轮毂51具有轮毂直径d5，所述风扇50具有风扇直径d6，风扇直径d6与定子第二内径d2尺寸大致相当，在本发明中，将轮毂直径d5与风扇直径d6的比值定义为轮毂比。风扇50旋转产生电机散热所需的空气流量的同时成为电机负载，其对电机效率有较大影响， 本发明的研究人员通过大量地实验及研究，发现轮毂比小于等于0.5，并且轮毂比大于或等于0.2时可以改善散热问题。在本发明实施例中，轮毂直径d5为22mm，风扇直径d6为44mm。当然，在本发明实施例中，轮毂直径d5并不仅限于22mm，轮毂直径d5例如但不限于20mm、21mm、23mm、25mm、28mm、30mm，风扇直径d6例如但不限30mm、45mm、48mm、50mm、54mm、56mm、60mm。
轮毂比过小，如比较例轮毂比为0.1时，叶片根部进风不足以冷却绕组线圈底部，导致绕组线圈温度升高5％以上，损坏电机，当所述轮毂比小于等于0.5时，如实施例轮毂比为0.3时，相较于轮毂比大于0.5的风扇，如比较例轮毂比为0.7时，实施例可以保证叶片根部进风以冷却绕组底部，使绕组温度降低3％以上。
请参阅图6所示，所述内转子具有转子外径d0，在本发明的实施例中，转子外径d0例如但不限于20mm、21mm、22mm、23mm、25mm、28mm、30mm。为了改善散热效果，通过大量的创造性实验后得出，当所述轮毂直径d5小于或等于所述转子外径d0，如在一个实施例中，所述轮毂直径d5为23mm，所述转子外径d0为26mm，可以使得外定子30与内转子20间气流完全进入风扇50，相较于轮毂直径d5大于转子外径d0，如比较例中，轮毂直径d5为40mm，转子外径d0为35mm，本发明实施例的散热效果好，可以增加5％的电机散热流量。
更多地，所述第二导风圈42具有轴向高度h2，所述叶片52具有叶片高度h3，在本发明的实施例中，所述第二导风圈42的轴向高度h2为5mm，所述叶片52的叶片高度h3为3.9mm，在本发明的优选实施例中，所述第二导风圈42的轴向高度h2例如但不限于4mm、4.5mm、5.2mm、6mm、8mm、10mm， 所述叶片52的叶片高度h3例如但不限于2mm、2.5mm、3mm、3.4mm、4mm、5mm、6mm。本发明通过研究发现，所述第二导风圈42的轴向高度h2大于或等于叶片高度h3，例如相较于比较例第二导风圈42的轴向高度h2为3mm，所述叶片52的叶片高度h3为3.9mm，此时可以确保叶片52完全处于所述第二导风圈42的第二蜗壳部421中，有利于控制气流方向，散热效果好。
请参阅图3、图6所示，所述导风罩40具有与所述第一导风圈41和所述第二导风圈42相连的导风板43，所述导风板43具有导风板内径d4，所述导风板内径d4例如但不限于30mm、33mm、35.5mm、36.5mm、37.2mm、39.6mm、40.8mm、45mm，在本发明的一个优选实施例中，所述导风板内径d4为35.5mm。发明人在做出大量的创造性劳动后，意外地发现，当导风板内径d4大于风扇直径d6时，比较例例如导风板内径d4为40mm，风扇直径d6为35mm，会导致串风，则导风罩起不到导风作用；若导风板内径d4过小，比如导风板内径d4小于所述轮毂直径d5与所述风扇直径d6之和的二分之一，比较例例如导风板内径d4为20mm，轮毂直径d5为28mm，风扇直径d6为50mm，此时会导致空气流动阻力太大使得整个电动工具的散热流量降低5％以上。而只有当所述导风板内径d4大于或等于所述轮毂直径d5与所述风扇直径d6之和的二分之一，且所述导风板内径d4小于或等于所述风扇直径d6时，例如导风板内径d4为35.5mm，所述轮毂直径d5为22mm，所述风扇直径d6为44mm，此时的散热效果较佳，电机散热流量大幅提升，可达至10％以上。
请参阅图6所示，所述第一导风圈具有轴向高度h1，所述第一导风圈的轴向高度h1例如但不限于5mm、8.2mm、10mm、11.5mm、12.5mm、15mm，在本发明的一个优选实施例中，所述第一导风圈的轴向高度h1为8.2mm，本发明人发现，所述第一导风圈的轴向高度h1与所述导风板内径d4之比小于或等 于0.5时散热效果较好，若第一导风圈的轴向高度h1与所述导风板内径d4的比值过小，例如轴向高度h1为5mm，所述导风板内径d4为50mm，绕组线圈间的热出风容易直接撞击导风罩壁，增加流动阻力，引起局部温升过高3％以上；若第一导风圈的轴向高度h1与所述导风板内径d4的比值过大，例如轴向高度h1为18mm，所述导风板内径d4为30mm，则第一导风圈内部轴向流动空间太大，容易形成环形涡流区域，不利于热出风直接流入风扇处排出，电机散热流量减小5％以上。
在一个实施例中，所述第二导风圈具有内径d7，所述第二导风圈的内径d7例如但不限于50mm、54.2mm、58mm、60mm、62mm、65mm、70mm，在本发明的一个优选实施例中，所述第二导风圈的内径d7为60.1mm，本发明人通过大量地创造性劳动后发现，所述第二导风圈的内径d7大于或等于两倍的风扇直径d6再减去所述导风板内径d4的差时，即所述第二导风圈内径d7、所述风扇直径d6与所述导风板内径d4的关系遵循以下公式：d7≥2d6–d4时，例如所述第二导风圈内径d7为60.1mm、所述风扇直径d6为44mm、所述导风板内径d4为35.5mm时，全压效率提升较大。当第二导风圈的内径d7小于两倍的风扇直径d6再减去所述导风板内径d4的差时，比较例如所述第二导风圈内径d7为40mm、所述风扇直径d6为44mm、所述导风板内径d4为35.5mm时，此时风扇50出风无法获得充分的扩压压力，更进一步地讲，此时流速过低，静压不高，从而出风阻力太大，出风不畅。前者的实施例相较于后者的比较例，因风扇出风气流可以获得足够的静压克服流动阻力，电机散热流量增加至少10％，绕组温升减少2℃以上。
通过对参数的限制，在电机启动工作时，位于第二蜗壳部421内的叶片52会被带动进行高速旋转，由于导风罩40的设置，因而，增强了对电机100的散 热效果，同时也可以减少电机100旋转所产生的噪音。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示意性实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电机，包括沿轴向延伸的转轴、固定于所述转轴上的内转子、套设于所述内转子的外周的外定子及设置于所述转轴上的风扇，所述风扇位于所述外定子的轴向前端且随所述转轴旋转以产生气流冷却所述外定子；其特征在于：所述电机还包括位于所述外定子与所述风扇之间的导风罩，所述导风罩包括位于轴向后端的第一导风圈及位于轴向前端的第二导风圈，所述风扇位于所述第二导风圈内，所述第一导风圈邻近所述外定子设置且具有第一导风圈内径d3，所述外定子具有第一内径d1，所述第一导风圈的内径d3大于或等于所述外定子的第一内径d1。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于：所述风扇具有由所述转轴驱动的轮毂及自所述轮毂的外周面径向向外延伸的数个叶片，所述轮毂具有轮毂直径d5，所述内转子具有转子外径d0，所述轮毂直径d5小于或等于所述转子外径d0。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电机，其特征在于：所述第二导风圈具有轴向高度h2，所述叶片具有叶片高度h3，所述第二导风圈的轴向高度h2大于或等于所述叶片52的叶片高度h3。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电机，其特征在于：所述风扇具有风扇直径d6，所述轮毂直径d5与所述风扇直径d6之比小于或等于0.5，并且所述轮毂直径d5与所述风扇直径d6之比大于或等于0.2。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电机，其特征在于：所述导风罩具有位于所述第一导风圈和所述第二导风圈之间的导风板，所述导风板设有供所述转轴穿过的第一开口，所述第一开口具有导风板内径d4，其中，所述导风板内径d4、所述轮毂直径d5、所述风扇直径d6的关系遵循以下公式：0.5(d5+d6)≤d4 ≤d6。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电机，其特征在于：所述第一导风圈具有轴向高度h1，所述第一导风圈的轴向高度h1与所述导风板内径d4之比小于或等于0.5且大于或等于0.1。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的电机，其特征在于：所述第二导风圈具有第二导风圈内径d7，其中，所述第二导风圈内径d7、所述风扇直径d6与所述导风板内径d4的关系遵循以下公式：d7≥2d6-d7。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的电机，其特征在于：所述导风罩包括沿所述第二导风圈内侧的导风板周向向外凸伸的延边，所述延边设有垂直于所述第二导风圈的凸起。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于：所述电机还包括位于所述电机端侧的端板，所述第一导风圈的内侧呈圆弧状且所述第一导风圈的外缘抵接所述端板，所述第一导风圈还具有第一蜗壳部以导通气流。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电机，其特征在于：所述第二导风圈具有容纳所述风扇的第二蜗壳部及位于所述第二导风圈周向的第二开口，所述第二开口用以导通气流。
PCT/CN2022/142012 2022-07-29 2022-12-26 电机 WO2024021501A1 (zh)

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CN215765401U (zh) * 2021-09-16 2022-02-08 海信（广东）空调有限公司 新风风机和空调器室内机
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