WO2023286654A1 - 電解コンデンサ - Google Patents
電解コンデンサ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023286654A1 WO2023286654A1 PCT/JP2022/026649 JP2022026649W WO2023286654A1 WO 2023286654 A1 WO2023286654 A1 WO 2023286654A1 JP 2022026649 W JP2022026649 W JP 2022026649W WO 2023286654 A1 WO2023286654 A1 WO 2023286654A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- foil
- acid
- aluminum
- electrolytic capacitor
- sintered
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 202
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- -1 organic acid salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 24
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 13
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 9
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 8
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 6
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 4
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- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/048—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by their structure
- H01G9/052—Sintered electrodes
- H01G9/0525—Powder therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/022—Electrolytes; Absorbents
- H01G9/035—Liquid electrolytes, e.g. impregnating materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/042—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by the material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/042—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by the material
- H01G9/045—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by the material based on aluminium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/048—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by their structure
- H01G9/052—Sintered electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/048—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by their structure
- H01G9/055—Etched foil electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/145—Liquid electrolytic capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to electrolytic capacitors.
- Electrolytic capacitors are characterized by their small size, large capacity, and low cost, and are widely used as one of the important components of electronic equipment, electrical equipment, and vehicle-mounted equipment.
- Conventional electrolytic capacitors such as the most widely used aluminum electrolytic capacitor, are manufactured by chemically or electrochemically etching a high-purity aluminum foil to increase its surface area, and then anodizing the surface of the aluminum foil to It can be produced by using a coated anode foil and a surface-etched cathode foil. Next, the obtained anode foil and cathode foil are placed facing each other, and a separator is interposed between the foils to form an element having a wound structure, and the element having this structure is impregnated with an electrolytic solution. The element impregnated with the electrolytic solution is housed in a case and sealed with an elastic sealing member to complete the electrolytic capacitor.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 59-140430.
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-2-267916, and Patent Document 3: JP-A-2006-108159.
- the electrode foils disclosed in these documents have a small particle size of the aluminum powder, the gaps between the sintered grains are filled when the anodized film is formed, which may reduce the capacitance.
- the capacitance at high frequencies decreases.
- the present invention has been made in view of the demand for higher capacity and the reduction of the environmental load described above.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electrolytic capacitor capable of realizing a higher capacitance than an electrolytic capacitor.
- An electrolytic capacitor according to the present invention includes an anode foil, a cathode foil, a capacitor element having a separator interposed between the anode foil and the cathode foil, and an electrolytic solution impregnated in the capacitor element.
- the electrolytic capacitor is characterized in that the anode foil or the cathode foil has a sintered body composed of sintered grains of powder made of at least one of aluminum and an aluminum alloy.
- the anode foil or the cathode foil preferably comprises the sintered body and a base material supporting the sintered body. Further, it is preferable that the electrolytic solution has a specific resistance of 1500 ⁇ cm or less, and the average particle diameter (D50) of the powder or the sintered particles is 6 ⁇ m or less.
- the electrolytic solution contains a solvent consisting of an organic solvent, or a solvent consisting of a mixture of water and an organic solvent, an organic acid or an organic acid salt, an inorganic acid or an inorganic acid salt, and an organic acid or an organic acid salt and an inorganic acid. or at least one electrolyte selected from the group consisting of mixtures with inorganic acid salts.
- the electrode foil has a surface area larger than the pit area of conventional etching foil, so a large capacitance can be realized. Moreover, as a result of eliminating the necessity of etching the electrode foil, the environmental load can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of an electrolytic capacitor according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of the capacitor element according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing values of leakage current during a high temperature load test of the electrolytic capacitors of Examples 13 and 14.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of an electrolytic capacitor according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of the capacitor element according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing values of leakage current during a high temperature load test of the electrolytic capacitors of Examples 13 and 14.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of an electrolytic capacitor according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of the capacitor element according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing values of leakage current during a high temperature load test of the electrolytic capacitors of Examples 13 and 14.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an outline of the overall configuration of an electrolytic capacitor 10 according to this embodiment, and FIG.
- the capacitor element 1 is arranged inside a bottomed cylindrical outer case 4 made of metal such as aluminum, and the opening of the outer case 4 is sealed with the sealing member 3.
- the sealing member 3 is fixed by crimping the opening edge (curl 14).
- the capacitor element 1 includes an anode foil 20 in which a sintered compact 22 of aluminum powder is formed on the surface of a core material (base material) 21, a cathode foil 23, an anode foil 20 and a cathode foil 23.
- a wound capacitor element 1 configured by winding a first separator 24 and a second separator 25 disposed between sealed.
- Reference numeral 2 denotes lead wires 2 connected to the anode foil 20 and the cathode foil 23, respectively. Each lead wire 2 has a lead tab 5 and a terminal 6 which are connecting portions with the anode foil 20 or the cathode foil 23 .
- the form of the electrolytic capacitor 10 according to the present invention is not limited, and other than the wound type shown in FIG.
- the form of the terminal portion (the entire portion connected to the electrode foils 20 and 23 and exposed to the outside of the electrolytic capacitor 10) is not limited, and other than the lead type shown in FIG. It may be a shape or the like. Therefore, the shape, number, connection form, and the like of the members constituting the terminal portion are not limited.
- a substrate self-supporting electrolytic capacitor (not shown) in which terminals 6 are erected on a substrate made of, for example, a two-layered sealing member 3, lead tabs 5, which are connections with electrode foils 20 and 23,
- Each of the electrode foils 20 and 23 may be connected to a plurality of locations.
- This configuration may be understood as a configuration in which a plurality of lead tabs 5 are provided, or as a configuration in which the lead tabs 5 are branched at their ends. According to this configuration, the metal resistance and inductance of the electrode foils 20 and 23 can be reduced as compared with the configuration in which the lead tabs 5 are connected to the electrode foils 20 and 23 one by one (one place each).
- the impedance of the electrolytic capacitor can be lowered, and the allowable ripple current can be improved.
- the lead tabs 5 connected to the electrode foils 20 and 23 at multiple locations are collected and fixed to the terminal 6 and the sealing member 3, thereby improving the stability of the capacitor element 1 and improving the vibration resistance of the electrolytic capacitor.
- the sintered bodies 22 of aluminum powder according to the present embodiment are formed on both sides or one side of the base material 21 .
- the base material 21 does not necessarily have to be included, and the electrode foil (anode foil 20) may be composed only of the sintered body 22 of aluminum powder.
- the electrode foil here, the anode foil 20
- the anode foil 20 at least the surface of which is formed of the sintered body 22 is referred to as "sintered body foil" in the present application.
- the anode foil 20 is composed of a sintered foil and the cathode foil 23 is composed of an etched foil.
- At least one electrode foil may be formed of a sintered body foil.
- both the anode foil 20 and the cathode foil 23 may be made of sintered foil.
- the electrode foil (anode foil 20) has a surface area larger than the pit area of conventional etching foil, so a large capacitance can be realized.
- the present embodiment has a structure in which the sintered body 22 is wound in a foil shape, so the distance between the anode and the cathode current collector is reduced. is close, the resistance component through the electrolytic solution becomes small, and the capacitance at high frequencies (about 10 kHz) is excellent.
- the present embodiment is superior in capacitance at high frequencies (about 10 kHz) to electrolytic capacitors using foils to which fine aluminum powder is adhered (for example, Patent Documents 2 and 3).
- the sintered body 22 of powder refers to a sintered body composed of sintered grains of powder.
- the sintered grains mean sintered particles (referred to as “sintered grains” in the present application) obtained by sintering powder particles (referred to as “powder grains” in the present application).
- the aluminum powder sintered body 22 according to the present embodiment is composed of sintered grains of powder made of at least one of aluminum and an aluminum alloy.
- the aluminum and the aluminum in the aluminum alloy preferably have an aluminum purity of 99.8% by weight or more from the viewpoint of preventing problems caused by impurities. More preferably, the purity is 99.99% by weight or more.
- An alloy containing one or more of elements such as vanadium (V), gallium (Ga), nickel (Ni), boron (B) and zirconium (Zr) can be used.
- the content of each of these elements is preferably 100 ppm by weight or less, particularly 50 ppm by weight or less.
- the sintered body 22 is obtained by sintering sintered particles of powder made of at least one of aluminum and aluminum alloy while maintaining gaps between them. That is, each sintered grain is connected to each other while maintaining voids, and has a three-dimensional network structure.
- the porosity of the sintered body 22 can be appropriately set within a range of usually 10% or more according to the desired capacitance and the like.
- the porosity can be controlled by, for example, the particle size of the starting material aluminum or aluminum alloy powder, the composition (resin binder) of the paste composition containing the powder, and the like.
- the shape of the sintered body 22 is not particularly limited, but in the case of the structure including the base material 21, it is generally preferable that the average thickness of one side is 5 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, particularly 5 ⁇ m or more and 60 ⁇ m or less. .
- the average thickness can be calculated by observing the cross section of the sintered foil with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or the like, measuring the thickness at arbitrary 10 points, and averaging the thicknesses.
- the average particle size of the sintered grains is preferably 80 ⁇ m or less. If the average particle size is more than 80 ⁇ m, the desired capacitance may not be obtained.
- the average particle size of the sintered grains is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more. If the average particle size is less than 1 ⁇ m, the desired withstand voltage may not be obtained.
- a smaller average particle size is more advantageous for increasing the surface area. may decrease. From the viewpoint of preventing such a decrease in capacitance, it is more preferable to set the average particle size to 2.5 ⁇ m or more. In particular, from the viewpoint of improving the capacitance characteristics around 10 kHz, the average particle size is preferably 2.5 ⁇ m or more and 6 ⁇ m or less.
- the substrate 21 is not particularly limited, but aluminum foil can be preferably used.
- the substrate 21 can be used without etching, but may be etched if necessary.
- the thickness of the aluminum foil as the base material 21 is not particularly limited, it is preferably in the range of 5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, particularly 5 ⁇ m to 60 ⁇ m.
- the method of forming the sintered body 22 on the base material 21 to form the electrode foil 20 (23) is as follows. i.e. 1. 1. A first step of forming a coating on the base material 21 from a composition containing powder of at least one of aluminum and aluminum alloy; A second step of sintering the film at a temperature of 560° C. or higher and 660° C. or lower is included.
- a film made of a composition containing powder of at least one of aluminum and aluminum alloy is formed on the substrate 21 .
- the composition and components of aluminum or an aluminum alloy those described above can be used.
- the particle shape of the powder, that is, the powder grains is not particularly limited, and any of spherical, irregular, scale-like powder grains can be suitably used, but spherical powder grains can be particularly suitably used.
- the average particle size of the powder, that is, the powder grains is preferably 80 ⁇ m or less. If the average particle size is more than 80 ⁇ m, the desired capacitance may not be obtained.
- the average particle size of the powder, that is, the powder grains is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more.
- the average particle size is less than 1 ⁇ m, the desired withstand voltage may not be obtained.
- a smaller average particle size is more advantageous for increasing the surface area. may decrease.
- the average particle size is preferably 2.5 ⁇ m or more and 6 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle size of the powder grains does not change significantly even after sintering in the second step, and by adjusting the average particle size of the powder grains, the average particle size of the sintered grains can be adjusted to the same extent. can.
- the composition may contain resin binders, solvents (solvents), sintering aids, surfactants, etc., if necessary. Any of these can be known or commercially available.
- a paste composition containing at least one of a resin binder and a solvent. Thereby, a film can be efficiently formed.
- solvent can also be used.
- organic solvents such as ethanol, toluene, ketones and esters can be used.
- the film is sintered at a temperature of 560°C or higher and 660°C or lower.
- the sintering temperature is 560° C. or higher and 660° C. or lower, preferably 560° C. or higher and lower than 660° C., more preferably 570° C. or higher and 659° C. or lower.
- the sintering time varies depending on the sintering temperature and the like, it can usually be appropriately determined within the range of about 5 hours to 24 hours.
- the sintering atmosphere is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a vacuum atmosphere, an inert gas atmosphere, an oxidizing gas atmosphere (including an air atmosphere), a reducing atmosphere, etc., but particularly a vacuum atmosphere or a reducing atmosphere. It is preferable to Also, the pressure conditions may be normal pressure (atmospheric pressure), reduced pressure or increased pressure.
- the temperature range is from 100° C. to 600° C. for a holding time of 5 hours or longer.
- Heat treatment (degreasing treatment) is preferably performed.
- the heat treatment atmosphere is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a vacuum atmosphere, an inert gas atmosphere, an oxidizing gas atmosphere, or the like.
- the pressure conditions may be normal pressure (atmospheric pressure), reduced pressure, or increased pressure.
- the electrode material of the present invention can be obtained. This can be used as the electrode (electrode foil 20 (23)) for the aluminum electrolytic capacitor 10 as it is without etching, but may be etched if necessary.
- the electrode material is slit to an appropriate size after the second step, or after the third step if the third step below is performed.
- the electrode material can be subjected to a chemical conversion treatment in a third step to form a chemical conversion film (oxide film).
- a chemical conversion film oxide film
- the anode foil 20 for the electrolytic capacitor 10 having a desired withstand voltage can be obtained by forming an oxide film, which is a dielectric with withstand voltage, by a predetermined anodizing treatment.
- the cathode foil 23 uses an aluminum foil or an aluminum alloy foil as an electrode material, and the electrode material is etched. It is configured as an etched foil.
- aluminum alloy foil for example, silicon (Si), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), titanium (Ti ), vanadium (V), gallium (Ga), nickel (Ni), boron (B), and zirconium (Zr), one or more of these elements in a total content of 1% by weight or less.
- Alloy foil can be used.
- an aluminum alloy foil containing copper is etched by a chemical etching method, so that the cathode foil 23 can be produced at a relatively low cost.
- the cathode foil 23 which is an etched foil, is usually not subjected to a chemical conversion treatment, and instead a natural oxide film is formed, or chemical conversion (formation of an oxide film) is performed by using the electrolytic capacitor 10 (for example, repeated charging and discharging). ) progresses. Therefore, for the purpose of suppressing the progress of chemical conversion particularly during charging and discharging, the cathode foil 23 may be subjected to chemical conversion treatment in advance to form a chemical conversion film (oxide film). According to this, even when charging and discharging are repeated, progress of anodization of the cathode foil 23 can be suppressed.
- the formation voltage of the formation cathode foil 23 is preferably set in the range of 2V to 6V.
- the other electrode foil in this embodiment, the anode foil 20
- the other electrode foil in this embodiment, the anode foil 20
- the electrode foil (cathode foil 23 in this embodiment) is also preferably set to have a relatively large foil capacity.
- the foil capacitance of the cathode foil 23 is much smaller than the foil capacitance of the anode foil 20 (sintered foil)
- repeated charging and discharging of the electrolytic capacitor 10 would Neutralization of the charge between the electrode foils 20 and 23 at the time of discharge becomes insufficient, and this charge causes a potential difference between the cathode foil 23 and the electrolytic solution, and chemical conversion of the cathode foil 23 proceeds.
- the foil capacitance of the cathode foil 23 decreases, and the electrostatic capacitance of the electrolytic capacitor 10 decreases.
- the other electrode foil when one of the electrode foils is a sintered foil, the other electrode foil preferably has a foil capacitance of 30 ⁇ F/cm 2 or more. , 80 ⁇ F/cm 2 or more, and more preferably 100 ⁇ F/cm 2 or more.
- the cathode foil 23 may be a titanium-deposited foil or the like obtained by depositing titanium on an aluminum foil or an aluminum alloy foil, which is the base material 21, other than the etched foil or the sintered body foil. . Since the titanium vapor-deposited foil has a larger foil capacity than the etched foil, a sufficient foil capacity can be secured for the cathode foil 23 .
- the electrolyte preferably has a specific resistance of 1500 ⁇ cm or less.
- the ratio of the capacitance at 10 kHz to the capacitance at 120 Hz becomes closer to 1 than in the conventional case, and good capacitance characteristics can be obtained over a wide frequency range.
- the electrolyte preferably has a specific resistance of 100 ⁇ cm or more.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention contains at least an electrolyte and a solvent. Additives described later may also be added.
- a solvent for dissolving the electrolyte and additives preferably an organic solvent can be used alone, or a water-organic solvent system, ie a mixture of an organic solvent and water, can be used. .
- protic solvents or aprotic solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more. If necessary, one or more protic solvents and one or more aprotic solvents may be used in any combination.
- Suitable protic solvents include, for example, alcohol compounds. Specific examples of alcohol compounds that can be advantageously used here include, but are not limited to, monohydric alcohols such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, and butyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, and diethylene glycol listed below.
- dihydric alcohols such as triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, glycerin, etc. trihydric alcohols, or derivatives thereof.
- Suitable aprotic solvents include, but are not limited to, lactone compounds such as ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone and ⁇ -valerolactone listed below, sulfolane, methylsulfolane, dimethylsulfolane, propylene carbonate, Ethylene carbonate, isobutylene carbonate, methylpyrrolidone, imidazolidinone, pyrrolidine, pyrrolidinone, methylpyrrolidinone, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, N-methylformamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, nitrobenzene, their derivatives and other intramolecularly polarizable compounds. can be mentioned.
- a water-organic solvent system solvent can be used instead of using an organic solvent alone.
- a water-organic solvent system solvent By using such a water-organic solvent system solvent, the freezing point of the solvent can be lowered. As a result, it is possible to improve the specific resistance characteristics of the electrolyte at low temperatures, and achieve good low-temperature characteristics indicated by a small difference in specific resistance between low temperatures and normal temperatures.
- this proton-based organic solvent has a boiling point of 198°C and a melting point of about -13°C.
- the temperature range required for capacitors is generally -40°C to 105°C. Coagulation may degrade electrical properties.
- the electrolytic solution according to the present embodiment uses an organic solvent with excellent temperature characteristics alone or in a mixture of multiple types, and when using an organic solvent with a relatively high freezing point, water is added to - By using an organic solvent, the freezing point of the solvent can be lowered to ensure electrical properties at low temperatures. Since this water-organic solvent-based electrolytic solution has a very high electrolyte dissolving power and ion mobility, it can realize a much lower specific resistance than an electrolytic solution containing only an organic solvent. Moreover, at low temperatures, the properties of the solvent are improved, so the electrolytic solution has an epoch-making property that the difference in resistivity between low temperature and room temperature is small. Therefore, the electrolytic capacitor 10 using such an electrolytic solution can of course have good temperature characteristics reflecting the characteristics of the electrolytic solution.
- the amount of water added in the water-organic solvent system is preferably in the range of 0.1% by mass to 20% by mass of the total mass of the electrolytic solution. According to this, the above-mentioned low specific resistance and good oxide film repairing properties can be realized, and water molecules are used to repair the oxide film of the electrode foils 20 and 23, and relatively excellent oxide film repairing properties are exhibited. be.
- an organic acid preferably a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a boron complex of a dicarboxylic acid or a hydroxycarboxylic acid or a salt thereof, and an inorganic acid or a salt thereof are used.
- These electrolyte components may be used alone, or two or more electrolyte components may be used in any combination.
- the freezing point of the electrolyte solution can be lowered, thereby improving the low-temperature properties of the electrolyte solution. can contribute to further improvement.
- carboxylic acids that can be used as electrolyte components include, but are not limited to, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, p-nitrobenzoic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid, methylbenzoic acid, ethylbenzoic acid.
- the dicarboxylic acid or hydroxycarboxylic acid in the boron complex of dicarboxylic acid or hydroxycarboxylic acid that can also be used as an electrolyte component is not limited to those listed below, but borodioxalic acid, borodimalonic acid, borodisuccinic acid , borodidipic acid, borodimaleic acid, borodiglycolic acid, borodilactic acid, borodimalic acid, boroditartaric acid, borodicitric acid, borodisalicylic acid, borodiphthalic acid, borodi(2-hydroxy)isobutyric acid, borodimandelic acid, borodi(3-hydroxy)propion Acids and the like can be mentioned.
- inorganic acids that can also be used as electrolyte components include, but are not limited to, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, phosphonic acid, hypophosphorous acid, phosphinic acid, alkylphosphoric acid, phosphomolybdenum Acids, boric acid, sulfamic acid and the like can be mentioned. Derivatives of such inorganic acids may also be used, if desired.
- salts of the carboxylic acids or inorganic acids described above can be used as the salts of the carboxylic acids or inorganic acids described above.
- suitable salts include, but are not limited to, sodium salts, potassium salts, ammonium salts, alkylammonium salts, and one or more selected from amine salts and amidine salts listed below.
- salts of primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines can be used, examples being methylamine, ethylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, ethyldimethylamine, diethyl Methylamine, methanolamine, ethanolamine, dimethanolamine, diethanolamine, trimethanolamine, triethanolamine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, methylmorpholine, ethylmorpholine, oxazolidine, thiomorpholine, thiazolidinemorpholine, methylmorpholine, ethylmorpholine , oxazolidine, thiomorpholine, thiazolidine and the like.
- Amidine salts include 1,3-dimethylimidazolinium, 1,3-diethylimidazolinium, 1,2,3-trimethylimidazolinium, 1,2,3,4-tetramethylimidazolinium, 1, 3-dimethyl-2-ethylimidazolinium, 1,2-dimethyl-3-ethylimidazolinium, 1,2-dimethyl-3-ethylimidazolinium, 1,2,3-triethylimidazolinium, 1, Salts such as 2,3,4-tetraethylimidazolinium are included. Further, tetraalkylammonium salts, imidazolium salts and the like can be mentioned.
- an inorganic acid or a salt thereof as an electrolyte component can be expected to lower the freezing point of the electrolyte, contributing to the improvement of the low-temperature characteristics of the electrolyte.
- an electrolyte component such as an inorganic acid or a salt thereof in combination with an electrolyte component such as the aforementioned carboxylic acid or a salt thereof
- a comparison can be made when the carboxylic acid or a salt thereof is used alone.
- the life of the electrolytic capacitor 10 is significantly extended.
- the amount of electrolyte contained in the electrolytic solution according to this embodiment can be appropriately determined according to conditions such as the properties required for the electrolytic solution, the type of solvent used, and the type of electrolyte used. Generally speaking, when a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof is used as an electrolyte, the amount thereof should be about 3% to 30% by weight of the total weight of the electrolyte. If the amount of the electrolyte is less than 3% by mass, the desired conductivity cannot be sufficiently ensured, and if it exceeds 30% by mass, the effect is saturated and the electrolyte becomes difficult to dissolve in the solvent.
- the amount thereof is preferably about 0.1% by mass to 15% by mass of the total mass of the electrolytic solution. If the amount of the electrolyte is less than 0.1% by mass, it becomes difficult to sufficiently secure the desired electrical conductivity, and if it exceeds 15% by mass, the electrical conductivity gradually saturates and becomes difficult to dissolve in the solvent. .
- a carboxylic acid or its salt and an inorganic acid or its salt are used together, they can be used within the range of about 0.1% by mass to 15% by mass of the total mass of the electrolytic solution.
- the amount of electrolyte can be appropriately determined according to conditions such as the properties required for the electrolyte and the type of electrolyte used.
- phosphorus oxyacid phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, etc.
- the salt is contained in an amount of at least 0.01% by mass of the total mass of the electrolyte, the effect is exhibited. Therefore, by combining a plurality of electrolyte components as necessary and adjusting the amount of each electrolyte component, a desired conductivity can be secured and desired characteristics can be obtained.
- the electrolytic solution related to this embodiment includes (1) chelate compounds, (2) sugars, (3) gluconic acid and (or) gluconolactone, (4) nitro compounds, (5) polymer compounds, (6) )
- Additives such as phosphate esters are preferably added as required. These additives may be used alone, or two or more additives may be used in any combination. Each additive will be described below.
- Chelate compound Chelate compounds such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N',N',N'-tetraacetic acid-hydrate (CyDTA), dihydroxy ethylglycine (DHEG), ethylenediaminetetrakis(methylenephosphonic acid) (EDTPO), diethylenetriamine-N,N,N',N'',N''-pentaacetic acid (DTPA), diaminopropanoltetraacetic acid (DPTA-OH), Ethylenediaminediacetic acid (EDDA), ethylenediamine-N,N'-bis(methylenephosphonic acid) hemihydrate (EDDPO), glycol etherdiaminetetraacetic acid (GEDTA), hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid (EDTA-OH), etc.
- EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- the chelate compound is generally preferably added in the range of 0.01% by mass to 3% by mass of the total mass of the electrolytic solution.
- a chelate compound extends the life of the electrolytic capacitor 10 by suppressing the hydration reaction of the aluminum (Al) electrode foils 20 and 23, and improves the low-temperature characteristics of the electrolytic capacitor 10 (the solvent is non-freezing). Since the composition is close to the state, the change in impedance between room temperature and low temperature is small), and it can bring about effects such as improved corrosion resistance.
- Saccharides Saccharides include monosaccharides such as glucose, fructose, xylose, galactose, ribose, mannose, arabinose, lyxose, allose, altose, gulose and idostallose, derivatives thereof, erythritol, xylitol and mannitol.
- Sugar alcohols disaccharides such as maltose, sucrose, lactose, cellobiose, sucrose, agarobiose and their derivatives, trisaccharides such as maltotriose and their derivatives, polysaccharides such as starch, glycogen, alginic acid, agar and mannan, and Derivatives thereof and the like are included.
- sugars in the range of 0.01% by mass to 5% by mass of the total mass of the electrolytic solution.
- Such sugars extend the service life of the electrolytic capacitor 10 by protecting the electrode foils 20 and 23, and in a low impedance capacitor, suppress the hydration reaction of the aluminum (Al) electrode foils 20 and 23 to extend the length of the electrolytic capacitor 10. Longer service life, suppression of deterioration of predetermined electrolyte components (for example, suppression of decomposition and activation of carboxylic acid), improvement of low-temperature characteristics of electrolytic capacitor 10 become smaller) and other effects can be brought about.
- predetermined electrolyte components for example, suppression of decomposition and activation of carboxylic acid
- improvement of low-temperature characteristics of electrolytic capacitor 10 become smaller
- other effects can be brought about.
- boric acid or its derivatives they form esters, thereby improving the solubility of the sugars. Therefore, it is possible to reliably add a predetermined amount of saccharides and allow them to sufficiently act in the electrolytic solution.
- boric acid and its derivatives may be added to the electrolytic solution as an electrolyte component (solute component), or may be added exclusively for the purpose of reacting with sugars.
- mannitol and the like are preferably used as sugars added together with boric acid and its derivatives.
- the electrolytic solution according to the present embodiment can contain gluconic acid and (or) gluconolactone, etc. alone or in combination, if necessary.
- Additives of this type are generally preferably added in the range of 0.01% by mass to 5% by mass of the total mass of the electrolytic solution.
- the electrolytic solution involved in the present embodiment is optionally nitrobenzene, nitrophenol (eg, p-nitrophenol), nitrobenzoic acid (eg, p-nitrobenzoic acid, dinitrobenzoic acid), nitro It may contain at least one nitro compound selected from acetophenone (eg p-nitroacetophenone), nitroanisole, nitrobenzyl alcohol, nitroxylene and other aromatic nitro compounds.
- nitrobenzene nitrophenol
- nitrobenzoic acid eg, p-nitrobenzoic acid, dinitrobenzoic acid
- nitro It may contain at least one nitro compound selected from acetophenone (eg p-nitroacetophenone), nitroanisole, nitrobenzyl alcohol, nitroxylene and other aromatic nitro compounds.
- the electrolytic solution according to this embodiment has the effect of absorbing the hydrogen gas generated at the electrode foils 20 and 23 when the nitro compound as described above is used.
- a more favorable effect can be expected from using a mixture of two or more nitro compounds rather than using the above nitro compounds alone.
- the nitro compound is preferably added in an amount of 0.01% by mass to 5% by mass based on the total mass of the electrolytic solution. If the amount of the nitro compound added is less than 0.01% by mass, the desired effect can hardly be obtained. In some cases, it is conceivable that other characteristics may be adversely affected.
- Polymer compound examples include water-soluble silicone, polyacrylic acid and its derivatives, polymethacrylic acid and its derivatives, polyacrylamide and its derivatives, polyglutamic acid and its derivatives, polyglycerin and its derivatives, polyethylene glycol and its derivatives. Derivatives, polypropylene glycol and its derivatives, polyvinyl alcohol and its derivatives, polyoxyethylene glycol and its derivatives, polyoxyalkylene compounds, polysiloxane, silicon dioxide and the like can be used. These may be used alone or in any combination of two or more. The total amount of these added is preferably in the range of 0.1% by mass to 30% by mass of the total mass of the electrolytic solution.
- Such a polymer compound can bring about effects according to the action of each polymer compound, such as improvement of the withstand voltage characteristics of the electrolytic capacitor 10 and extension of the life of the electrolytic capacitor 10 .
- a wide range of molecular weight polymer compounds can be used, from relatively low molecular weight (oligomers) to high molecular weight, depending on the action of each polymer compound, solubility and dispersibility in solvents, and desired effects. can.
- Phosphate ester for example, methyl phosphate, ethyl phosphate, dimethyl phosphate, diethyl phosphate, trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, and the like can be used. Similar to a chelate compound or the like, such a phosphate ester suppresses the hydration reaction of the electrode foils 20 and 23, thereby suppressing the deterioration of the electrode foils 20 and 23 and suppressing the generation of hydrogen gas. It is possible to extend the life of the capacitor 10 .
- the electrolytic solution according to the present embodiment may further contain additives commonly used in the field of aluminum electrolytic capacitors and other electrolytic capacitors, in addition to the additives described above.
- Suitable additives include, for example, silane coupling agents, polymer electrolytes, colloidal silica, and the like.
- the separators 24 and 25 are not particularly limited, they are preferably made of naturally occurring cellulose materials such as manila hemp or vegetable pulp, and the raw material pulp is subjected to a dust removal process, a washing process, and a beating process. Those manufactured through a process, a papermaking process, etc. can be advantageously used. Also usable are woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics, sheets and films made from synthetic fibers such as rayon, nylon, polyester, polyvinyl compounds, aramid, acryl, and polyurethane. In addition, it is also possible to use a mixed product of natural fibers and synthetic fibers, a blended product, and the like.
- the sintered foil has a relatively long path leading to the deep part of the pit (here, it means the void formed in the sintered body), and the highly viscous electrolyte cannot impregnate the sintered foil. may be inadequate.
- a certain amount or more of a polymer compound or the like having an effect of improving pressure resistance is added to the electrolytic solution applied to the electrolytic capacitor 10 for high voltage, the viscosity of the polymer compound or the like increases the viscosity of the electrolytic solution, resulting in impregnation. may be inadequate.
- the separators 24 and 25 are provided with an electrolyte having a withstand voltage improving effect such as a polymer compound or the like. It is preferable to apply an additive for the liquid in advance. According to this, it is possible to obtain a relatively low-viscosity electrolytic solution that does not contain the additive at all or contains only a small amount of the additive, and it is possible to prevent deterioration of the impregnating property.
- the sintered foil is likely to produce fine powder and burrs when slitting, which causes the electrolytic capacitor 10 having the sintered foil to have a relatively high rate of occurrence of short circuits. Therefore, in the electrolytic capacitor 10 according to the present embodiment, the thickness of the separators 24 and 25 is set in the range of 20 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m, and the density is set in the range of 0.2 g/cm 3 to 1.0 g/cm 3 . preferable. As a result, the occurrence rate of short circuits can be reduced.
- the capacitor element 1 includes the anode foil 20 which is a sintered foil, the cathode foil 23 which is an etched foil, and the anode foil 20 and the cathode foil 23 interposed between the anode foil 20 and the cathode foil 23 as described above. Separators 24, 25 are provided.
- the manufacturing procedure is as follows. First, after forming the sintered body, the anode foil 20 that has undergone the chemical forming process is slit into an appropriate size. Similarly, the cathode foil 23 that has undergone the etching process is also slit into appropriate sizes. Subsequently, the lead tabs 5 are joined to the anode foil 20 and the cathode foil 23, respectively.
- the electrode foils 20 and 23 and the lead tab 5 can be joined by known methods such as crimping, cold pressure welding, ultrasonic joining, and laser welding.
- crimping in order to prevent foil cracking during joining, through holes may be formed in advance in the joining portions of the electrode foils 20 and 23 prior to joining by press working.
- cold pressure welding among the dies that perform the pressure welding, the dies on the side that are in contact with the electrode foils 20 and 23 are coated with a high-hardness, low-friction material such as diamond-like carbon (DLC) or titanium carbide (TiC). You may As a result, the wear resistance of the die can be ensured, and adhesion and deposition of fine powder on the electrode foils 20, 23 and the like can be prevented.
- DLC diamond-like carbon
- TiC titanium carbide
- anode foil 20, cathode foil 23, and separators 24 and 25 are arranged in wound type electrolytic capacitor 10, and anode foil 20 and cathode foil 23 form first separator 24 or second
- the capacitor element 1 is manufactured by winding so as to be partitioned by the separator 25 of the wire (however, the lead wire 2 (the lead tab 5 and the terminal 6) is omitted in FIG. 2).
- the capacitor element 1 is impregnated with the electrolytic solution by immersing the capacitor element 1 in the electrolytic solution. Impregnation with the electrolytic solution may be performed under normal pressure (atmospheric pressure), but is more preferably performed under reduced pressure.
- the capacitor element 1 is immersed in the electrolytic solution in a reduced pressure atmosphere, and after a certain period of time has passed, the immersion state is maintained and the atmosphere is returned to the atmospheric pressure to impregnate the electrolytic solution. Moreover, after returning to the air atmosphere, the pressurized atmosphere may be further maintained while the immersion state is maintained.
- the pressure reduction is preferably 1.5 kPa or less in absolute pressure, and the pressurization is preferably in the range of 0.15 MPa to 1.0 MPa in gauge pressure.
- the electrolytic solution may be heated within a range in which evaporation of the components of the electrolytic solution is allowed throughout the period from depressurization to pressurization. When the electrolytic solution is heated, the viscosity of the electrolytic solution is lowered, so that the impregnability can be improved.
- the capacitor element 1 impregnated with the electrolytic solution is housed in the exterior case 4 .
- the opening of the exterior case 4 is sealed with the sealing member 3, and the edge of the opening is crimped.
- the electrolytic capacitor 10 can be manufactured by the above procedure. After that, aging processing may be performed as necessary.
- the lead wire 2 is pulled out from the lead wire through-hole of the sealing body 3 .
- Terminals 6 used as external connection terminals or external electrode terminals may be configured integrally with lead tabs 5 , or may be connected to lead tabs 5 as appropriate during the manufacturing process of electrolytic capacitor 10 .
- the lead wires 2 (lead tabs 5 and terminals 6) can be formed from various metallic materials such as iron, copper, tin, lead, silver, gold, zinc, bismuth, tungsten, nickel, titanium, chromium.
- it is advantageous to form the lead wire 2 from a highly conductive metal material such as copper, silver, iron, or gold, and copper or silver is particularly preferred.
- Advantageous is particularly preferred.
- the lead tab 5 which is the connection portion with the electrode foils 20 and 23, has a potential difference with the electrolytic solution due to repeated charging and discharging of the electrolytic capacitor 10, similar to the etching foil (cathode foil 23) described above. Formation proceeds. Therefore, for the purpose of suppressing the progress of chemical conversion during charging and discharging, the lead tab 5 may be subjected to chemical conversion treatment to form a chemical conversion film (oxide film). According to this, the effect of reducing leakage current can be obtained.
- the chemical conversion treatment at this time is preferably phosphorylation or adipic oxidation. According to this, since a substance having good anodability can be arranged on the lead tab 5 and the electrode foils 20 and 23, the film can be repaired in a shorter time, and even when mechanical stress is applied, leakage current increases. can be prevented.
- the lead tab 5 connected to the cathode foil 23 may be etched.
- non-heat-treated aluminum with a purity of 99.0% or higher e.g., non-heat-treated material of aluminum 1100
- heat-treated aluminum with a purity of 99.0% or higher e.g., H22 material of 1000 series aluminum
- manganese (Mn) and/or magnesium (Mg) containing aluminum alloy refining material for example, aluminum alloy 3003 O material, 3000 series aluminum alloy H22 material, aluminum alloy 3004 O material
- the capacitor element 1 may be housed in the exterior case 4 by being adhered to it with an adhesive. According to this, the capacitor element 1 can be fixed and the vibration resistance of the electrolytic capacitor 10 can be improved. A known adhesive can be appropriately used for this adhesive.
- the sealing member 3 used in the electrolytic capacitor 10 of the present embodiment is made of a material having high hardness, moderate elasticity, impermeability to the electrolyte, and good airtightness as the sealing member 3. As long as it can be made from a variety of commonly used materials. Suitable sealing member 3 materials include, for example, elastic rubbers such as natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), ethylene-propylene terpolymer (EPT), and isobutylene-isoprene rubber (IIR). . In particular, isobutylene-isoprene rubber (IIR) is suitable because it has high airtightness and does not permeate the electrolytic solution as vapor.
- NR natural rubber
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- EPT ethylene-propylene terpolymer
- IIR isobutylene-isoprene rubber
- IIR is suitable because it has high airtightness and does not permeate
- an IIR having better heat resistance such as sulfur vulcanization, quinoid vulcanization, resin vulcanization, peroxide vulcanization, and the like.
- a rubber material with a higher hardness in order to suppress mechanical stress.
- the hardness by using a sealing rubber having a hardness of 80 (IRHD/M) or more in rubber hardness measurement (30-second value) with an IRHD hardness tester, mechanical stress is less likely to be applied, and an increase in leakage current is suppressed. can do.
- the sealing member 3 instead of the material of the sealing member 3 as described above, a hybrid material obtained by laminating an airtight and sufficiently high strength resin material and elastic rubber together can be advantageously used.
- the resin material include fluorine resin such as PTFE, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyarylate (PAR), liquid crystal polymer, polysulfone (PSF), polyethersulfone, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherimide ( PEI), polyamide (aromatic polyamide, aliphatic polyamide), polyimide (PI), polyamideimide (PAI), polycarbonate, polyacetal, phenol resin, modified polyphenylene ether, and the like.
- fluorine resin such as PTFE, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyarylate (PAR), liquid crystal polymer, polysulfone (PSF), polyethersulfone, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherimide ( PEI), polyamide (aromatic polyamide
- Example 1 an aluminum electrolytic capacitor with a wound structure was produced according to the following procedure.
- An anode foil of an aluminum powder sintered body was produced by the manufacturing method (first to third steps) disclosed above, and then a lead wire for leading out an electrode was attached. Also, another aluminum foil was electrochemically etched to prepare a cathode foil, and then a lead wire for leading out the electrode was attached. Subsequently, a capacitor element was produced by winding a separator (separating paper) between the anode foil and the cathode foil.
- an electrolytic solution was prepared by sequentially adding a solvent component and an electrolyte component to a fixed container and then stirring and dissolving them.
- the capacitor element was impregnated with the electrolytic solution produced by the above preparation method, it was housed in an aluminum case with a bottom so that the lead wire for leading out the electrode protruded from the case, and the opening of this case was sealed with an elastic sealing member.
- a post-aging treatment was performed to produce an electrolytic capacitor having a wound structure.
- Comparative example 1 In Comparative Example 1, after an aluminum foil was electrochemically etched, an oxide film was formed on the surface by anodizing, and this was used as an anode foil. Other electrolytic capacitor manufacturing methods were the same as those described in Example 1 above.
- Example 1 In both Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, samples with a foil withstand voltage equivalent to 400 WV in capacitor withstand voltage were produced.
- Example 1 the capacitances of the electrolytic capacitors produced in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were measured at 25°C at frequencies of 120 Hz and 10 kHz, and the measured values shown in Table 1 below were obtained.
- Examples 2-12 Next, the relationship between the specific resistance of the electrolytic solution and the capacitance of the capacitor is compared for capacitors manufactured by the same method as in Example 1 at average powder particle sizes of 2.5 ⁇ m and 6 ⁇ m.
- the electrolytic capacitors of Examples 2 to 12 were prepared by repeating the same method as in Example 1, and the electrolytic solution was prepared using the same components as in Example 1, and the specific resistance was 100 ⁇ cm by adjusting the composition. , 30° C. to 2000 ⁇ cm, and 30° C., respectively. Samples with an average powder particle diameter of 2.5 ⁇ m and a capacitor with an average powder particle diameter of 6 ⁇ m were prepared to have a withstand voltage of 400 WV and a foil withstand voltage of 450 WV, respectively.
- Comparative Examples 2-12 The same method as in Comparative Example 1 was repeated as the method for producing capacitors of etched aluminum foil used in Comparative Examples 2 to 12, and the method for producing the electrolytic solution was the same as in Examples 2 to 12 above. As in Examples 2 to 12, samples with a capacitor withstand voltage of 400 WV and 450 WV were produced.
- Tables 2 and 3 list the capacitance at 120 Hz and 10 kHz.
- a typical use of capacitors is for smoothing the primary side of switching power supplies.
- MOS-FETs that repeat switching at a frequency of around 10 kHz in the latter stage of the circuit It also has the role of absorbing current noise from elements such as This noise is called EMI, and since it adversely affects other electrical equipment through commercial power lines, it is regulated by the EMC Directive (89/336/EEC). Increasing the capacitance near 10 kHz is important because it contributes to this noise reduction.
- the capacitance ratio at 120 Hz and 10 kHz shown in Tables 2 and 3 when the specific resistance of the electrolyte is 100 ⁇ cm to 1500 ⁇ cm, the aluminum powder sintered foil has a higher value than the etched foil. showing. At 2000 ⁇ cm, the sintered powder foil shows a lower value than the etched foil. It is considered that this is because particles are aggregated rather than pits, and the path length to the depths of the pits is long, so that when an electrolytic solution with a high specific resistance is used, it becomes difficult to obtain capacitance at high frequencies.
- an aluminum electrolytic capacitor if a foil of a sintered aluminum powder is combined with an electrolytic solution having a specific resistance of 1500 ⁇ cm or less, a 10 kHz capacitance against a 120 Hz capacitance can be obtained more easily than the conventionally used aluminum etched foil.
- Example 13 the relationship between the purity of the aluminum substrate and the life of the capacitor is compared.
- the electrolytic capacitor of Example 13 was produced using an aluminum powder sintered foil whose base material had an aluminum purity of 99.99% by weight or more and whose powder had an aluminum purity of 99.99% by weight or more, For other capacitor fabrication methods, the method described in Example 1 was repeated. Further, in the electrolytic capacitor of Example 14, aluminum powder sintered in which the aluminum purity of the base material is 99.8% by weight or more and less than 99.95% by weight, and the aluminum purity of the powder is 99.99% by weight or more A body foil was used for fabrication, and the method described in Example 1 was repeated for other capacitor fabrication methods.
- FIG. 3 shows the value of the leakage current of the electrolytic capacitor during the high temperature load test.
- the leakage current was suppressed to less than 12 ⁇ A in all the capacitors according to the examples, but especially the capacitor with a base material purity of 99.99% by weight or more (Example 13) tends to increase the leakage current after 3000 hours. is not observed, and the increase in leakage current is suppressed.
- An increase in leakage current leads to an increase in the amount of gas generated inside the capacitor, and the internal pressure gradually rises, increasing the risk of early valve actuation.
- the aluminum purity of the base material is 99.99% by weight or more. Also, for the aluminum powder that is electrically connected to the base material, it is clear that the purity of aluminum is preferably 99.99% by weight or more for the same reason.
- average particle size (D50) means, in the case of powder, the particle size at an integrated value of 50% in the volume-based particle size distribution obtained by the laser diffraction/scattering method, and sintered.
- D50 average particle size
- grains it means the grain size at an integrated value of 50% in the volume-based grain size distribution of the sintered grains measured by observing the surface or cross section of the sintered body with a scanning electron microscope. The diameter of the observed sintered grains is measured as the grain size.
- the sintered grains may be in a state in which the sintered powder grains are melted and partially deformed, or in a state in which the sintered powder grains are partially connected to each other.
- the portion having a substantially circular shape is approximately regarded as one grain of sintered grain, and the maximum diameter thereof is measured as the grain size.
- a portion whose substantially circular shape is difficult to discriminate is excluded.
- the particle size of a predetermined number of sintered grains is measured, and the volume-based particle size distribution is calculated from the number-based particle size distribution. Then, the particle size at the integrated value of 50% in the particle size distribution is obtained as the average particle size (D50) of the sintered particles.
- the particle size of the powder grains hardly changes before and after sintering, and the average particle size (D50) of the powder obtained by the above method and the average particle size (D50) of the sintered grains of the powder are are substantially the same.
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Abstract
Description
図1に本実施形態に係る電解コンデンサ10の全体構成の概略を示す断面図、図2はコンデンサ素子1の説明図である。
本実施形態に係る電解コンデンサ10は、アルミニウム等の金属で形成された有底筒状の外装ケース4の内部にコンデンサ素子1が配置され、外装ケース4の開口部が封口体3で密封され、開口縁をかしめることにより(カール14)封口体3を固定して構成されている。
本実施形態に係るアルミニウム粉末の焼結体22は、アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金の少なくとも1種からなる粉末の焼結粒で構成される。このアルミニウム、及びアルミニウム合金におけるアルミニウムは、不純物に起因する不具合を防止する観点からアルミニウム純度が99.8重量%以上であることが好ましく、特に高温負荷に対する漏れ電流の増大を抑制するには、アルミニウム純度が99.99重量%以上であることがより好ましい。また、アルミニウム合金の場合は、例えば、珪素(Si)、鉄(Fe)、銅(Cu)、マンガン(Mn)、マグネシウム(Mg)、クロム(Cr)、亜鉛(Zn)、チタン(Ti)、バナジウム(V)、ガリウム(Ga)、ニッケル(Ni)、ホウ素(B)およびジルコニウム(Zr)等の元素の1種又は2種以上を含む合金を用いることができる。この場合、これらの元素の含有量は、それぞれ100重量ppm以下、特に50重量ppm以下とすることが好ましい。
焼結粒の平均粒子径は1μm以上が好ましい。平均粒子径が1μmより小さいと、所望の耐電圧が得られないおそれがある。なお、表面積を大きくするうえでは平均粒子径が小さい方が有利だが、平均粒子径を小さくしすぎると、必要に応じて陽極酸化皮膜を形成する際に焼結粒間の隙間が埋まり静電容量が低下してしまうおそれがある。そのような静電容量の低下を防止する観点では、平均粒子径を2.5μm以上にすることがより好ましい。
特に、10kHz付近における静電容量特性を良好にする観点では、平均粒子径が2.5μm以上6μm以下であることが好ましい。
基材21としてのアルミニウム箔は、前述のアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金に係る粉末と同様の組成のアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金を用いることができる。特に高温負荷に対する漏れ電流の増大を抑制するには、アルミニウム純度99.99重量%以上であることがより好ましい。
基材21としてのアルミニウム箔の厚みは、特に限定されないが、5μm以上100μm以下、特に5μm以上60μm以下の範囲内とするのが好ましい。
1.アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金の少なくとも1種の粉末を含む組成物からなる皮膜を基材21に形成する第1工程、および
2.前記皮膜を560℃以上660℃以下の温度で焼結する第2工程
を含む。
第1工程では、アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金の少なくとも1種の粉末を含む組成物からなる皮膜を基材21に形成する。
アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金の組成及び成分としては、前述のものを用いることができる。
前記粉末すなわち粉末粒の粒子形状は、特に限定されず、球状、不定形状、鱗片状等の粉末粒のいずれも好適に使用できるが、球状の粉末粒が特に好適に使用できる。
前記粉末すなわち粉末粒の平均粒子径は80μm以下が好ましい。平均粒子径が80μmより大きいと、所望の静電容量が得られないおそれがある。
前記粉末すなわち粉末粒の平均粒子径は1μm以上が好ましい。平均粒子径が1μmより小さいと、所望の耐電圧が得られないおそれがある。なお、表面積を大きくするうえでは平均粒子径が小さい方が有利だが、平均粒子径を小さくしすぎると、必要に応じて陽極酸化皮膜を形成する際に焼結粒間の隙間が埋まり静電容量が低下してしまうおそれがある。そのような静電容量の低下を防止する観点では、平均粒子径を2.5μm以上にすることがより好ましい。
特に、10kHz付近における静電容量特性を良好にする観点では、平均粒子径が2.5μm以上6μm以下であることが好ましい。
なお、粉末粒の粒子径は、第2工程の焼結後も大きく変化することなく、粉末粒の平均粒子径を調整することによって、焼結粒の平均粒子径も同程度に調整することができる。
第2工程では、前記皮膜を560℃以上660℃以下の温度で焼結する。
焼結温度は、560℃以上660℃以下とし、好ましくは560℃以上660℃未満、より好ましくは570℃以上659℃以下とする。焼結時間は、焼結温度等により異なるが、通常は5時間~24時間程度の範囲内で適宜決定することができる。
前記の第2工程を経て、本発明の電極材を得ることができる。これは、エッチング処理を施すことなく、そのままアルミニウム電解コンデンサ10用の電極(電極箔20(23))として用いることが可能であるが、必要に応じてエッチング処理を施してもよい。電極箔20(23)として用いるに当たって、前記電極材は、第2工程の後、または下記の第3工程が実施される場合は第3工程の後、適切なサイズにスリットされる。
前記電極材は、必要に応じて第3工程として化成処理を施すことにより化成皮膜(酸化皮膜)を形成させることができる。例えば、所定の陽極酸化処理により耐電圧性を備えた誘電体である酸化皮膜を形成することで、所望の耐電圧を有する電解コンデンサ10用の陽極箔20とすることができる。
本発明では、電解液の比抵抗が1500Ω・cm以下であることが好ましい。これにより、従来に比べて120Hzの静電容量に対する10kHzの静電容量の比が1に近くなり、広い周波数範囲で良好な静電容量特性が得られる。また、所望の耐電圧を確保する観点では、電解液の比抵抗が100Ω・cm以上であることが好ましい。
本発明の電解液は、電解質と、溶媒とを少なくとも含有する。また後述する添加剤を添加してもよい。電解質および添加剤を溶解するための溶媒として、好ましくは、有機溶媒を単独で使用するか、さもなければ、水-有機溶媒系の溶媒、すなわち有機溶媒と水との混合物を使用することができる。
キレート化合物として、例えばエチレンジアミン四酢酸(EDTA)、トランス-1,2-ジアミノシクロヘキサン-N,N,N’,N’,N’-四酢酸-水和物(CyDTA)、ジヒドロキシエチルグリシン(DHEG)、エチレンジアミンテトラキス(メチレンホスホン酸)(EDTPO)、ジエチレントリアミン-N,N,N’,N’’,N’’-五酢酸(DTPA)、ジアミノプロパノール四酢酸(DPTA-OH)、エチレンジアミンニ酢酸(EDDA)、エチレンジアミン-N,N’-ビス(メチレンホスホン酸)1/2水和物(EDDPO)、グリコールエーテルジアミン四酢酸(GEDTA)、ヒドロキシエチルエチレンジアミン三酢酸(EDTA-OH)等を用いることができる。キレート化合物は、一般的に、電解液の全質量の0.01質量%~3質量%の範囲で添加するのが好ましい。このようなキレート化合物は、低インピーダンスコンデンサにおいて、アルミニウム(Al)電極箔20、23の水和反応の抑制による当該電解コンデンサ10の長寿命化、電解コンデンサ10の低温特性の改善(溶媒が不凍状態に近い組成なので、常温と低温でのインピーダンスの変化が小さくなる)、耐食性の向上などの効果をもたらすことができる。
糖類として、例えば、グルコース、フルクトース、キシロース、ガラクトース、リボース、マンノース、アラビノース、リキソース、アロース、アルトース、グロース、イドースタロースなどの単糖類ならびにそれらの誘導体、エリトリトール、キシリトール、マンニトールなどの糖アルコール、マルトース、スクロース、ラクトース、セロビオース、ショ糖、アガロビオースなどの二糖類ならびにそれらの誘導体、マルトトリオースなどの三糖類ならびにそれらの誘導体、でんぷん、グリコーゲン、アルギン酸、寒天、マンナンなどの多糖類ならびにそれらの誘導体などが挙げられる。糖類は、一般的に、電解液の全質量の0.01質量%~5質量%の範囲で添加することが好ましい。このような糖類は、電極箔20、23の保護作用による電解コンデンサ10の長寿命化、低インピーダンスコンデンサにおいて、アルミニウム(Al)電極箔20、23の水和反応の抑制による当該電解コンデンサ10の長寿命化、所定の電解質成分の劣化抑制(例えばカルボン酸の分解や活性化の抑制)、電解コンデンサ10の低温特性の改善(溶媒が不凍状態に近い組成なので、常温と低温でのインピーダンス変化が小さくなる)などの効果をもたらすことができる。このような糖類は、ホウ酸やその誘導体と共に使用されると、これらがエステルを作ることで糖類の溶解性が向上する。したがって、所定量の糖類の添加が確実に可能になると共に、これらを電解液中で十分に作用させることができる。その結果、電解コンデンサ10の安定的で且つ十分な長寿命化を実現できる。このとき、ホウ酸やその誘導体は電解液中に電解質成分(溶質成分)として添加されてもよく、専ら糖類との反応を目的として添加されてもよい。一方、ホウ酸やその誘導体と共に添加される糖類としては、マンニトール等が好適に適用する。また、ホウ酸やその誘導体と、糖類との添加比率は、「ホウ酸やその誘導体:糖類= 10:1 ~ 1:5」の範囲が好ましい。糖類の添加量が多すぎると、それらが溶媒に溶けにくくなる。
本実施形態に関わる電解液は、必要に応じて、グルコン酸および(または)グルコノラクトン等を単独でもしくは組合せて含有することができる。この種の添加剤は、一般的に、電解液の全質量の0.01質量%~5質量%の範囲で添加することが好ましい。
本実施形態に関わる電解液が、必要に応じて、ニトロベンゼン、ニトロフェノール(例えば、p-ニトロフェノール)、ニトロ安息香酸(例えば、p-ニトロ安息香酸、ジニトロ安息香酸)、ニトロアセトフェノン(例えば、p-ニトロアセトフェノン)、ニトロアニソール、ニトロベンジルアルコール、ニトロキシレンその他の芳香族ニトロ化合物から選択される少なくとも1種のニトロ化合物を含有することができる。
ポリマー化合物として、例えば水溶性シリコーン、ポリアクリル酸やその誘導体、ポリメタクリル酸やその誘導体、ポリアクリルアミドやその誘導体、ポリグルタミン酸やその誘導体、ポリグリセリンやその誘導体、ポリエチレングリコールやその誘導体、ポリプロピレングリコールやその誘導体、ポリビニルアルコールやその誘導体、ポリオキシエチレングリコールやその誘導体、ポリオキシアルキレン化合物、ポリシロキサン、二酸化ケイ素等を用いることができる。これらを単独で使用してもよく、2種類以上を任意に組合せて使用してもよい。これら合計の添加量は、電解液の全質量の0.1質量%~30質量%の範囲が好ましい。このようなポリマー化合物は、電解コンデンサ10の耐電圧特性の改善、電解コンデンサ10の長寿命化など、各ポリマー化合物の作用に応じた効果をもたらすことができる。
ポリマー化合物の分子量は、各ポリマー化合物の作用や溶媒への溶解性・分散性、あるいは所望する効果などに応じて、比較的低分子量のもの(オリゴマー)から高分子量のものまで幅広く使用することができる。
リン酸エステルとして、例えば、メチルリン酸エステル、エチルリン酸エステル、ジメチルリン酸エステル、ジエチルリン酸エステル、トリメチルリン酸エステル、トリエチルリン酸エステル等を用いることができる。このようなリン酸エステルは、キレート化合物等と同様に、電極箔20、23の水和反応を抑制することで、電極箔20、23の劣化を抑制すると共に水素ガス発生を抑制して、電解コンデンサ10の長寿命化を図ることができる。
さらに、機械的ストレスを抑制するために、より高硬度のゴム材料を使用する方法もある。硬度としては、IRHD硬さ試験機によるゴム硬度測定(30秒値)で80(IRHD/M)以上を有する封口ゴムを使用することによって、機械的ストレスがかかりにくくなり、漏れ電流の増大を抑制することができる。
本例では巻回構造のアルミニウム電解コンデンサを下記の手順に従って作製した。
比較例1では、アルミニウム箔を電気化学的にエッチング処理した後に、陽極酸化処理により表面に酸化皮膜を形成し、これを陽極箔とした。その他の電解コンデンサ作製方法は前記実施例1に記載の手法と同様とした。
次に、実施例1と同等の手法で作製したコンデンサについて、平均粉末粒子径2.5μmおよび6μmにおける、電解液の比抵抗とコンデンサ静電容量との関係を比較する。実施例2~12の電解コンデンサ作製方法は前記実施例1と同等の手法を繰り返し、電解液の作製方法は、前記実施例1と成分を同じくし、組成を調整する事で比抵抗100Ω・cm,30℃~2000Ω・cm,30℃のものをそれぞれ作製した。なお平均粉末粒子径2.5μmのものはコンデンサ耐圧で400WV相当、平均粉末粒子径6μmのものはコンデンサ耐圧で450WV相当の箔耐圧の試料を作製した。
比較例2~12に用いたアルミニウムエッチング箔のコンデンサ作製方法は上記比較例1と同等手法を繰り返し、電解液の作製方法は上記実施例2~12に記載の手法を繰り返した。実施例2~12と同じく、コンデンサ耐圧で400WV相当、および450WV相当の箔耐圧の試料を作製した。
次に、アルミニウム基材の純度とコンデンサの寿命との関連を比較する。
実施例13の電解コンデンサは、基材のアルミニウム純度が99.99重量%以上であり、かつ、粉末のアルミニウム純度が99.99重量%以上であるアルミニウム粉末焼結体箔を用いて作製し、その他のコンデンサ作製方法は実施例1に記載の手法を繰り返した。
また、実施例14の電解コンデンサは、基材のアルミニウム純度が99.8重量%以上99.95重量%未満であり、かつ、粉末のアルミニウム純度が99.99重量%以上であるアルミニウム粉末焼結体箔を用いて作製し、その他のコンデンサ作製方法は実施例1に記載の手法を繰り返した。
Claims (4)
- 陽極箔と、陰極箔と、前記陽極箔と前記陰極箔との間に介在したセパレータを有するコンデンサ素子と、前記コンデンサ素子に含浸された電解液と、を備えた電解コンデンサであって、
前記陽極箔もしくは前記陰極箔は、アルミニウムおよびアルミニウム合金の少なくとも1種からなる粉末の焼結粒で構成された焼結体を有していること
を特徴とする電解コンデンサ。 - 前記陽極箔もしくは前記陰極箔は、前記焼結体と、前記焼結体を支持する基材とからなること
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の電解コンデンサ。 - 前記電解液の比抵抗が、1500Ω・cm以下であり、
前記粉末または前記焼結粒の平均粒子径(D50)が、6μm以下であること
を特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の電解コンデンサ。 - 前記電解液は、
有機溶媒からなる溶媒、もしくは水と有機溶媒との混合物からなる溶媒と、
有機酸または有機酸塩、無機酸または無機酸塩、および有機酸もしくは有機酸塩と無機酸もしくは無機酸塩との混合物からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種類の電解質と、を含むこと
を特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の電解コンデンサ。
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WO2023286226A1 (ja) | 2023-01-19 |
JP7168823B1 (ja) | 2022-11-09 |
WO2023286482A1 (ja) | 2023-01-19 |
EP4343800A1 (en) | 2024-03-27 |
CN221861469U (zh) | 2024-10-18 |
CN116802759A (zh) | 2023-09-22 |
US20240282534A1 (en) | 2024-08-22 |
KR20240024892A (ko) | 2024-02-26 |
JPWO2023286482A1 (ja) | 2023-01-19 |
CN117480583A (zh) | 2024-01-30 |
TW202312199A (zh) | 2023-03-16 |
JP2023014075A (ja) | 2023-01-26 |
JPWO2023286654A1 (ja) | 2023-01-19 |
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