WO2023276324A1 - 複合材、複合材の製造方法、端子及び端子の製造方法 - Google Patents
複合材、複合材の製造方法、端子及び端子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023276324A1 WO2023276324A1 PCT/JP2022/012392 JP2022012392W WO2023276324A1 WO 2023276324 A1 WO2023276324 A1 WO 2023276324A1 JP 2022012392 W JP2022012392 W JP 2022012392W WO 2023276324 A1 WO2023276324 A1 WO 2023276324A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- oxygen
- silver
- coating layer
- mass
- composite material
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 163
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 163
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 163
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 161
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 159
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 153
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 104
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 67
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002648 laminated material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 53
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 34
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 24
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 14
- -1 brass Chemical compound 0.000 description 12
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 8
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910017750 AgSn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 229910001245 Sb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 4
- JPJALAQPGMAKDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Se]=O JPJALAQPGMAKDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 4
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon disulfide Chemical compound S=C=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910009038 Sn—P Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WUOBERCRSABHOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N diantimony Chemical compound [Sb]#[Sb] WUOBERCRSABHOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical compound O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000457 iridium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFAGQMCIGQNPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver cyanide Chemical compound [Ag+].N#[C-] LFAGQMCIGQNPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940098221 silver cyanide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VDMJCVUEUHKGOY-JXMROGBWSA-N (1e)-4-fluoro-n-hydroxybenzenecarboximidoyl chloride Chemical compound O\N=C(\Cl)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 VDMJCVUEUHKGOY-JXMROGBWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHOZNOZYMBRCBL-OUKQBFOZSA-N (2E)-2-Tetradecenal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C=O WHOZNOZYMBRCBL-OUKQBFOZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFKLSPUVNMOIJB-VMPITWQZSA-N (e)-3-methylhept-2-ene Chemical compound CCCC\C(C)=C\C OFKLSPUVNMOIJB-VMPITWQZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000033962 Fontaine progeroid syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCEUXSAXTBNJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag].[Sn] Chemical compound [Ag].[Sn] QCEUXSAXTBNJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002140 antimony alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- LGFYIAWZICUNLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony silver Chemical compound [Ag].[Sb] LGFYIAWZICUNLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- DXHPZXWIPWDXHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monosulfide Chemical class [S+]#[C-] DXHPZXWIPWDXHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1408157 Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000642 dynamic headspace extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- KERTUBUCQCSNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);disulfamate Chemical compound [Ni+2].NS([O-])(=O)=O.NS([O-])(=O)=O KERTUBUCQCSNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZCYXXKJEDCHMGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCC[CH]CCCC ZCYXXKJEDCHMGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N normal nonane Natural products CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940044654 phenolsulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UUWCBFKLGFQDME-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Pt] UUWCBFKLGFQDME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium cyanide Chemical compound [K+].N#[C-] NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940065287 selenium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003343 selenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003378 silver Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003498 tellurium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/30—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of tin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/03—Contact members characterised by the material, e.g. plating, or coating materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composite material in which a predetermined coating layer is formed on a material and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly to a composite material used as a material for sliding contact parts such as connectors and switches, and a method for manufacturing the same. Regarding.
- a control object such as an automatic transmission or a sensor and an electronic control unit (ECU) are connected by a wire harness.
- the connector becomes multipolar, the insertion force increases, so the connector needs to be divided and a fitting aid (lever) is required. As a result, the size of the connector increases and the manufacturing cost of the connector increases.
- tin (Sn)-plated materials which are tin-plated conductor materials with excellent oxidation resistance, are used.
- tin plating is prone to micro-sliding wear due to vehicle vibrations (vibrations from the road surface and vibrations from the engine when driving), and electrical resistance between contacts increases, causing problems such as poor conduction. Therefore, the contact pressure (contact pressure) between the terminals cannot be lowered. As a result, the insertion force increases.
- the micro-sliding wear is a phenomenon in which the oxidation of tin between the contacts of the terminal is accelerated by repeated sliding of the contact portion by several tens of micrometers, and a thick tin oxide is generated and deposited between the contacts. Since Sn plating cannot lower the contact pressure between terminals as described above, it is necessary to lower the coefficient of friction of Sn plating in order to secure a low insertion force. As a means for reducing the coefficient of friction with Sn plating, it has been proposed to make the plating layer thinner, but the effect of reducing the coefficient of friction is insufficient at about 10 to 20%.
- silver (Ag) is extremely excellent in both oxidation resistance and conductivity, and with Ag-plated materials, electrical resistance is small even if the contact pressure of the terminal is reduced.
- the Ag-plated material is excellent in contact reliability (characteristics such as electrical conductivity are less likely to deteriorate even when heat is applied).
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 a silver plating solution containing carbon particles from which surface lipophilic organic matter has been removed by oxidation treatment and a silver matrix orientation adjusting agent (potassium selenocyanate) is added.
- a composite material is disclosed in which a composite film containing carbon particles in a silver layer is formed on a material by electroplating.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a die pad on which an electronic circuit element is mounted, an inner lead wire-bonded to the bonding pad of the electronic circuit element, and an outer lead integrally formed with the inner lead.
- a lead frame is disclosed in which the tip of an inner lead is plated with a metal such as silver or gold, and at least the metal plated portion is subjected to a hydrophilic treatment (oxygen-plasma treatment).
- an object of the present invention is to provide a material for sliding contact parts that has a lower coefficient of friction than conventional ones.
- the present inventors plasma-treated the surface of a silver plating layer or a composite film (coating layer) containing carbon particles in the silver layer in the presence of oxygen, The inventors have found that the coefficient of friction of the material for sliding contact parts can be reduced by allowing oxygen to exist in the vicinity of the surface of the material, leading to the completion of the present invention.
- the present invention is as follows. [1] A composite material in which an oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer containing silver and having oxygen present in the vicinity of the surface thereof is formed on a material made of copper or a copper alloy.
- the amount of oxygen is 1% by mass or more with respect to the total amount of 100% by mass of all detected elements, [1]-[ 4].
- the total amount of silver, oxygen, carbon, antimony and tin was 99% by mass with respect to the total amount of all detected elements of 100% by mass. % or more, and the amount of oxygen is 1 part by mass or more when the total amount of silver, oxygen, carbon, antimony and tin is 100 parts by mass. composites.
- the amount of oxygen is 1% by mass or more with respect to the total amount of 100% by mass of all detected elements, [9] or [ 10].
- the total amount of silver, oxygen, carbon, antimony and tin was 99% by mass with respect to the total amount of all detected elements of 100% by mass. % or more, and the amount of oxygen is 1 part by mass or more when the total amount of silver, oxygen, carbon, antimony and tin is 100 parts by mass. terminal.
- a method for manufacturing a terminal comprising molding the composite material according to any one of [1] to [8] into a terminal shape.
- the composite material is obtained by forming an oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer containing silver on a material made of copper or a copper alloy and having oxygen present in the vicinity of the surface thereof.
- This composite material can be produced, for example, by the method for producing a composite material of the present invention, which will be described later. Each configuration of this composite material will be described below.
- a material that can be silver-plated and has the conductivity required for materials such as sliding contact parts such as connectors and switches is suitable.
- Cu (copper) and Cu alloys are employed in the present invention.
- Cu alloy Cu, Si (silicon), Fe (iron), Mg (magnesium), P (phosphorus), Ni (nickel), Sn (tin ), Co (cobalt), Zn (zinc), Be (beryllium), Pb (lead), Te (tellurium), Ag (silver), Zr (zirconium), Cr (chromium), Al (aluminum) and Ti (titanium ) and inevitable impurities.
- the amount of Cu in the Cu alloy is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 85% by mass or more, and still more preferably 92% by mass or more. Incidentally, the amount of Cu is preferably 99.95% by mass or less.
- the amount of Cu is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 55% by mass or more, and still more preferably 60% by mass or more.
- the amount of Cu is preferably 79% by mass or less.
- the material is preferably used for terminal applications (as a composite material with an oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer formed thereon), but the material itself may have a shape for such use, or the material may be flat. It may be shaped (such as a flat plate) and molded into the desired shape after the composite material. In some cases, it is molded at the stage of a laminated material in the manufacturing method of the composite material of the present invention, which will be described later.
- the flat plate shape is a rectangular parallelepiped shape with a low height. , the height is 0.1 to 5.
- the two surfaces formed by the vertical and horizontal sides are called plate surfaces.
- the length of the short side is, for example, 10 mm to 300 mm
- the length of the long side is, for example, 15 mm or more.
- the height is, for example, 3 mm or less, and usually 0.1 mm or more.
- the oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer formed on the material contains silver.
- an intermediate layer formed by this strike plating between the material (or the underlying layer described later) and the oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer exists, but is often so thin that it cannot be distinguished from the oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer.
- the oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer may be formed on the entire surface layer of the material, or may be formed on a part of the surface layer.
- oxygen-containing silver-based coating layers include Ag layers made of silver (Ag), AgSb alloy layers made of silver-antimony alloys (AgSb alloys), silver-tin alloys (AgSn alloy), and AgC composite layers, AgSbC composite layers, and AgSnC composite layers containing carbon particles in these layers, and those in which oxygen is present near the surface of the AgSnC composite layer (hereinafter referred to as " Also referred to as "oxygen-containing Ag layer”, “oxygen-containing AgSn alloy layer”, and “oxygen-containing AgC composite layer”).
- the oxygen-containing Ag layer and the oxygen-containing AgC composite layer are preferable because they are excellent in heat resistance and conductivity, and the oxygen-containing AgC composite layer is particularly preferable because of its especially low coefficient of friction.
- carbon particles are preferably dispersed substantially uniformly in a matrix made of silver, AgSb alloy, or AgSn alloy.
- a representative method for forming these composite layers is electroplating, and the carbon particles are involved in the matrix of silver, AgSb alloy, or AgSn alloy when a plated film is formed on the material by electroplating.
- the carbon particles are preferably graphite particles.
- the shape of the carbon particles is not particularly limited, and may be substantially spherical, scale-like, irregular, or the like.
- the average primary particle size of the carbon particles is preferably 0.5 to 15 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 to 10 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint of the wear resistance of (the composite layer of) the composite material.
- the average primary particle size is the average value of the long diameter of the particles, and the long diameter is the image (plane) of carbon particles in the composite layer (oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer) of the composite material observed at an appropriate magnification. is the length of the longest line segment that can be drawn into the particle and does not go outside the outline of the particle.
- the long diameter shall be obtained for 50 or more particles.
- Oxygen near the surface of the oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer oxygen exists near the surface of the oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer.
- the vicinity of the surface is the vicinity of the surface of the coating layer that is exposed to the outside and faces the surface that is in contact with the material (via the underlying layer if there is an underlying layer, which will be described later).
- the presence of oxygen near the surface is believed to contribute to the low coefficient of friction of the composite. The inventor presumes the mechanism as follows.
- adhesion which is a problem due to friction with the mating material of the composite material, is very difficult to occur. It is believed that this is the reason why the coefficient of friction of the composite material is lowered.
- the oxygen in the vicinity of the surface of the oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer can be detected and quantified by EDS (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy).
- EDS energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- the amount of oxygen is preferably 1% by mass or more with respect to the total 100% by mass of the amounts of all the elements detected. be.
- the electrical conductivity of the composite may decrease.
- the amount of oxygen is more preferably 1.1 to 12% by mass, still more preferably 1.6 to 10% by mass, and particularly preferably 100% by mass of the total. It is 5 to 8% by mass.
- oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer examples include an oxygen-containing Ag layer, an oxygen-containing AgSb alloy layer, an oxygen-containing AgSn alloy layer, an oxygen-containing AgC composite layer, an oxygen-containing AgSbC composite layer, and an oxygen-containing AgSnC composite layer. be done.
- the oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer is any of these, when the surface of the oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer is subjected to EDS analysis, silver, oxygen, When the total amount of carbon, antimony and tin is 99% by mass or more, and the total amount (mass) of silver, oxygen, carbon, antimony and tin is 100 parts by mass, the amount (mass) of oxygen is It is 1 part by mass or more.
- the amount of oxygen is preferably 1.1 to 12 parts by mass, more preferably 1.6 to 10 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 5 to 8 parts by mass.
- the total (mass) is usually 99.5 parts by mass or more.
- the total amount of silver and carbon is preferably 88 parts by mass or more with respect to the total of 100 parts by mass.
- the total amount of silver and carbon is more preferably 90 to 98.4 parts by mass.
- the amount of carbon is preferably 3 to 30 parts by mass, and 4 to 20 parts by mass. is more preferable.
- the thickness of the oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer is not particularly limited, it preferably has a minimum thickness in terms of coefficient of friction and electrical conductivity. Also, if the thickness is too large, the effect of the oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer is saturated and the material cost increases. From the above viewpoints, the thickness of the oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer is preferably 0.5 to 45 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5 to 35 ⁇ m, even more preferably 1 to 20 ⁇ m.
- An underlayer may be formed between the material and the oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer for various purposes.
- Constituent metals of the underlying layer include Cu, Ni and Ag.
- an underlying layer made of Ni for the purpose of preventing copper in the material from diffusing to the surface of the oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer and deteriorating the heat resistance, it is preferable to form an underlying layer made of Ni.
- the material is a copper alloy containing zinc such as brass
- it is preferable to form an underlying layer made of Cu for the purpose of preventing zinc in the material from diffusing to the surface of the oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer.
- an underlying layer made of Ag for the purpose of improving the adhesion of the oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer to the material.
- the thickness of the underlayer is not particularly limited, it is preferably 0.1 to 2 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 1.5 ⁇ m, from the viewpoints of performance and cost.
- materials subjected to Sn plating or reflow Sn plating containing Cu underlayers and Ni underlayers are often used for terminals of electric and electronic parts, and such underlayers may be formed in the present invention as well.
- a layer composed of each of Cu, Ni, and Ag or a layer combining them (laminated structure) may be used as a base for the oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer.
- the oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer specified in the present invention is formed on the connection part connected to the mating terminal (the base layer may or may not be formed), and the wire and crimp connection A different layer may be formed depending on the location, such as forming reflow Sn plating instead of forming the oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer on the crimped portion.
- the composite material of the present invention has a low coefficient of friction because the oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer has oxygen in the vicinity of its surface.
- the coefficient of friction (average F/5N of sliding load) measured under the conditions described in the examples below is preferably 0.25 or less, more preferably 0.05 to 0.17. and more preferably 0.05 to 0.14.
- the composite material of the present invention has excellent conductivity equivalent to that of conventional silver-plated materials, and specifically, the contact resistance value measured by the method of the example described later is 10 m ⁇ or less, It is preferably 5 m ⁇ or less, more preferably 0.05 to 2 m ⁇ .
- the composite material of the present invention Since the coefficient of friction of the composite material of the present invention is very low, the composite material is suitable as a constituent material for terminals, particularly in electrical contact parts such as connectors and switches that slide during use.
- the terminal can be formed into a predetermined shape by performing press molding such as punching, bending, and cutting on the composite material of the present invention.
- a terminal may be formed by forming an oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer on a material made of copper or a copper alloy after performing the aforementioned press molding.
- the surface (or part of the surface) of the coating layer containing silver is plasma-treated in the presence of oxygen. may be applied as a terminal.
- the surface of the coating layer (or part of the surface) is subjected to the plasma treatment, and then the rest of the press molding is performed to form a terminal.
- a terminal is typically a set of a male terminal and a female terminal, both of which are connected to the connection part 1 for physically and electrically connecting to the mating terminal to be connected, and external electronic parts, electric wires, etc. It has a connecting part 2 .
- the connection parts 1 and 2 are typically formed by press molding from one composite material and are electrically connected.
- the connecting part 1 of the male terminal is typically formed in a bar shape (cylindrical shape, polygonal column shape, etc.) such as a pin or tab, or in a convex shape.
- the connecting part 1 of the female terminal has an accommodating part formed in a shape to accommodate the connecting part 1 of the male terminal, and the connecting part 1 of the mated male terminal is fixed in the connecting part 1 of the female terminal. It has a fixed part for energizing it.
- the shape of the accommodating portion include a cylindrical shape and a box-like (rectangular parallelepiped) shape.
- specific fixing means in the fixing portion include springs and screws.
- the fixing means Since the fixing means is energized by contacting the male terminal, it must be highly conductive, and may be made of the same material as the material used for the composite material of the present invention.
- the fixing portion of the connecting portion 1 of the female terminal may be, for example, a separate spring separated from the accommodating portion, and the fixing portion may be installed in the accommodating portion when the terminal is connected.
- connection part 2 of the male terminal and the female terminal for connecting to an external electronic component or the like is, for example, when connected to an electric wire, a conductor made of a copper wire or the like from which the resin of the electric wire is stripped and a terminal are added. It is formed into a crimped shape for tightening and fixing. If the connection part 2 is soldered to a printed circuit board (PCB), the connection part 2 is formed in a bar shape such as a round bar or square bar. In this case, the oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer may not be formed on the connection portion 2 .
- PCB printed circuit board
- the manufacturing method is a laminated material in which a coating layer containing silver is formed on a material made of copper or a copper alloy, and the surface of the coating layer is plasma-treated in the presence of oxygen to form an oxygen-containing silver-based coating. It forms a layer.
- a coating layer containing silver is formed on a material made of copper or a copper alloy, and the surface of the coating layer is plasma-treated in the presence of oxygen to form an oxygen-containing silver-based coating. It forms a layer.
- the material is the same as the material described for the composite material of the present invention, and Cu (copper) and Cu alloys are employed as its constituent materials.
- the Cu alloy includes Cu, Si (silicon), Fe (iron), Mg (magnesium), P (phosphorus), Ni (nickel), Sn (tin), Co (cobalt), Zn (zinc), Be (beryllium), Pb (lead), Te (tellurium), Ag (silver), Zr (zirconium), Cr (chromium), Al (aluminum) and Ti (titanium), and inevitable impurities
- the amount of Cu in the Cu alloy is preferably 50% by mass, more preferably 85% by mass or more, and still more preferably 92% by mass or more. Incidentally, the amount of Cu is preferably 99.95% by mass or less. Further, in the case of so-called brass containing 20% by mass or more of Zn, the amount of Cu is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 55% by mass or more, and still more preferably 60% by mass or more. . The amount of Cu is preferably 79% by mass or less.
- the composite material is preferably used for terminals.
- a part of processing such as press working, is applied to form a terminal shape.
- the length of the short side is, for example, 10 mm to 300 mm
- the length of the long side is, for example, 15 mm. That's it.
- the height of the flat plate is 0.1 to 5 when the length of the short side is 100. As a specific numerical value, for example, it is 3 mm or less, and usually 0.1 mm or more.
- a coating layer containing silver can be formed on the material by any known method.
- a coating layer can be formed on the material by a method such as electroplating, vapor deposition, or clad (metal bonding).
- Electroplating can inexpensively form a coating layer composed of a single metal plating or an alloy plating, or a coating layer composed of a composite layer such as an AgC composite layer.
- the coating layer may be formed on the entire surface of the material, or may be formed on a part of the surface. The electroplating will be described below.
- ⁇ Electroplating> (Ag strike plating) Before forming the coating layer on the material by electroplating, it is preferable to form a very thin intermediate layer by Ag strike plating to improve adhesion between the material and the coating layer. In addition, when the underlayer described below is formed on the material, Ag strike plating is performed on the underlayer. As a method for carrying out Ag strike plating, conventionally known methods can be employed without particular limitation as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- a base layer may be formed on the material, and the coating layer may be formed on the base layer.
- This underlayer is similar to that described for the composites of the present invention. Namely, Cu, Ni and Ag are listed as constituent metals of the underlying layer.
- the underlayer may be a layer made of each of Cu, Ni, and Ag, or a layer combining them (laminated structure). It may be the whole or part of it.
- the method of forming the underlayer is not particularly limited, and it can be formed by electroplating a material by a known method using an undercoat plating solution containing ions of the constituent metals.
- Electroplating By electroplating the above material in a specific electroplating solution, a coating layer containing silver is formed on the material.
- the electroplating solution contains silver ions and may contain other metal ions depending on the composition of the coating layer to be formed.
- the concentration of silver in the electroplating solution is preferably from 5 to 150 g/L, more preferably from 10 to 120 g/L, from the viewpoint of formation speed of the coating layer and suppression of uneven appearance.
- the electroplating solution when forming a composite layer such as an AgC composite layer, also contains carbon particles.
- the carbon particles are similar to those described for the composites of the present invention.
- the volume-based cumulative 50% particle diameter (D50) measured by the laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution measuring device is preferably 0.5 to 15 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of easiness of entrainment in the electroplating film, and 1 to 15 ⁇ m. 10 ⁇ m is more preferable.
- the shape of the carbon particles is not particularly limited, and may be substantially spherical, scale-like, or amorphous, but the scale-like shape is preferred.
- the carbon particles are graphite particles.
- the amount of carbon particles in the electroplating solution described above is 10 to 100 g/L from the viewpoint of wear resistance and heat resistance of the composite material and the amount of carbon particles that can be introduced into the coating layer is limited. and more preferably 15 to 90 g/L.
- the electroplating solution preferably contains a complexing agent.
- the complexing agent complexes silver ions (and other metal ions, if present) in the electroplating solution to increase its ionic stability. This action increases the solubility of silver and other metals in the solvent that constitutes the plating solution.
- complexing agents include C1-C12 alkylsulfonic acids, C1-C12 alkanolsulfonic acids and hydroxyarylsulfonic acids. Specific examples of these compounds include methanesulfonic acid, 2-propanolsulfonic acid and phenolsulfonic acid. From the viewpoint of stabilizing silver ions and other metal ions, the amount of the complexing agent in the electroplating solution is preferably 30 to 200 g/L, more preferably 50 to 120 g/L.
- the electroplating solution may contain brighteners, hardeners, and conductivity salts.
- the curing agent include carbon sulfide compounds (e.g., carbon disulfide), inorganic sulfur compounds (e.g., sodium thiosulfate), organic compounds (sulfonates), selenium compounds, tellurium compounds, periodic table 4B or 5B group metals, and the like. mentioned. Potassium hydroxide etc. are mentioned as said conductivity salt.
- the solvent that makes up the electroplating solution is mainly water.
- Water is preferable because it dissolves complexed silver ions, dissolves other components contained in the electroplating solution, and has a low environmental impact.
- a mixed solvent of water and alcohol may also be used as the solvent.
- the proportion of water is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and still more preferably 95% by mass or more.
- the material to be electroplated is the cathode, and the anode is, for example, a silver electrode plate that dissolves to provide silver ions.
- the cathode and anode are immersed in an electroplating solution (plating bath), and current is applied for electroplating.
- the current density here is 0.5 to 10 A/ dm 2 is preferred, 1 to 8 A/dm 2 is more preferred, and 1.5 to 6 A/dm 2 is even more preferred.
- the temperature of the plating bath (plating temperature) is preferably 15 to 50.degree. C., more preferably 20 to 45.degree.
- the electroplating time (current application time) can be appropriately adjusted according to the desired thickness of the coating layer, but is typically in the range of 25 to 1800 seconds.
- the portion to be plated may be the entire surface layer of the material or a part of the surface layer of the material, depending on the application of the composite material to be manufactured.
- the surface of the coating layer is the surface of the coating layer that is exposed to the outside and faces the surface of the coating layer that is in contact with the material (via the underlying layer when the aforementioned underlying layer is present).
- Oxygen is introduced into the surface of the coating layer by the plasma treatment to form the oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer in the composite material of the present invention.
- the surface of the coating layer may be subjected to ultrasonic cleaning treatment before the plasma treatment. This is to remove carbon particles that simply adhere to the surface and do not contribute to abrasion resistance, etc., and that may hinder the introduction of oxygen to the surface of the coating layer by plasma treatment.
- the ultrasonic cleaning treatment is preferably performed at 20-100 kHz for 1-300 seconds, more preferably at 25-50 kHz for 2-270 seconds.
- Plasma is generated by glow discharge or arc discharge.
- a plasma gas containing oxygen from a plasma gas injection unit into a place where plasma is generated (position A)
- highly reactive oxygen radicals and oxygen ions hereinafter collectively referred to as active oxygen
- active oxygen also constitute plasma.
- the coating layer By arranging the coating layer in the order of the plasma gas injection section, the position A, and the coating layer along the plasma gas injection direction, the active oxygen constituting the plasma is irradiated onto the surface of the coating layer.
- active oxygen reacts with silver on the surface of the coating layer to form silver oxide, and oxygen is present in the vicinity of the surface of the coating layer.
- glow discharge is preferable because it can be processed at room temperature and is excellent in safety and cost.
- a known plasma generator can be used without particular limitation.
- Examples of commercially available products include a plasma generator (Model 618-920 SP power supply, Capplas 2007A electrode) manufactured by Cresul Co., Ltd.
- the plasma gas is preferably a gas containing oxygen, and more preferably a mixed gas containing oxygen and the balance being non-oxidizing elements.
- Non-oxidizing elements include argon, nitrogen, fluorine, and hydrogen.
- a mixed gas of argon gas and oxygen gas is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of sufficiently generating active oxygen.
- the proportion of oxygen gas in the mixed gas is preferably 1 to 20% by volume, more preferably 2 to 10% by volume, from the viewpoint of efficiently introducing oxygen to the coating layer surface.
- a mixed gas containing hydrogen it shall be used outside the explosion limit of hydrogen for safety reasons.
- the plasma gas flow rate is, for example, 0.3 to 10 L/min, preferably 0.5 to 5 L/min.
- the amount of active oxygen irradiated per unit area of the material by plasma treatment is important for the introduction of oxygen to the surface of the coating layer, and the amount of oxygen gas in the plasma gas can be used as an index. can.
- the amount of oxygen gas injected per unit area of the material is preferably 0.05 to 3 mL/cm 2 from the viewpoint of introduction of oxygen to the coating layer surface and cost. It is more preferably 15 to 2.7 mL/cm 2 and even more preferably 0.8 to 2.5 mL/cm 2 .
- the voltage of the plasma power supply in the plasma generator is preferably 3-20 kV, and the AC frequency is preferably 5-20 kHz.
- the distance between the position A where plasma is generated and the coating layer is preferably small from the viewpoint of efficiently introducing oxygen to the surface of the coating layer. It is preferable that some distance is secured so that the warped portion does not come into contact with the electrode at this time. Specifically, the distance is preferably 0.5 to 30 mm, more preferably 0.8 to 10 mm, even more preferably 0.8 to 5 mm. Note that the position A is the tip portion near the coating layer of the electrode that normally generates the plasma.
- the shape of the laminated material is flat plate shape, terminal shape, etc. as described above, and even if the coating layer is formed on the entire surface of the material, may be formed in a part of
- the laminated material has the flat plate shape
- the raw material also has a flat plate shape, and as an example, a coating layer is formed on the entire plate surface of the shape (one or two of the two plate surfaces may be used). . It is preferable to uniformly perform the plasma treatment on the coating layer as described above from the viewpoint of reducing variations in the coefficient of friction depending on the location of the coating layer.
- a plasma generator having a plasma generation unit capable of generating plasma having a width equal to or greater than the short side of the plate surface of the flat plate is used to generate the coating layer from the plasma generation unit. While irradiating plasma (active oxygen) on the plate surface of the laminated material, it is preferable to carry out the plasma treatment by relatively moving the plasma generating portion in the long side direction of the plate surface of the laminated material and scanning.
- the plasma generator (Model 618-920 SP power supply, Capplas 2007A electrode) manufactured by Cresul Co., Ltd. can generate plasma with a width equal to or greater than the short side, It can be used conveniently.
- the plasma gas is preferably a mixed gas of argon gas and oxygen gas, the flow rate of argon gas is preferably 1 to 10 L/min, and the flow rate of oxygen gas is preferably 0.01 to 1 L/min.
- the electrode may be fixed and the laminated material may be moved, or vice versa, or both may be moved.
- the scanning speed of plasma irradiation with such relative movement is 100 mm / s from the viewpoint of the productivity of the composite material and the introduction of a sufficient amount of oxygen to the surface of the coating layer to produce a composite material with a low coefficient of friction.
- the average particle diameter is measured using a laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution analyzer (MT3300 (LOW-WET MT3000II Mode) manufactured by Microtrac Bell Co., Ltd.), and the volume-based cumulative value is 50%. diameter.
- a purge and trap gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (JHS-100 manufactured by Japan Analytical Industry Co., Ltd. as a thermal desorption device and GCMS manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation as a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer) QP-5050A combined equipment) was used to analyze the gas generated by heating at 300 ° C. Due to the above oxidation treatment, nonane, decane, 3-methyl-2-heptene, etc. adhered to the carbon particles. lipophilic aliphatic hydrocarbons and lipophilic aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylene are removed.
- Example 1 ⁇ Silver strike plating> A plate material made of a Cu—Ni—Sn—P alloy with a length of 5.0 cm, a width of 5.0 cm, and a thickness of 0.2 mm (1.0% by mass of Ni, 0.9% by mass of Sn, and 0.05% by mass of A plate material of a copper alloy containing P and the balance being Cu and inevitable impurities) (NB-109EH manufactured by DOWA Metaltech Co., Ltd.) was prepared. This plate material is used as a cathode, and an iridium oxide mesh electrode plate in which a titanium mesh material is coated with iridium oxide is used as an anode, and 25° C.
- sulfonic acid-based silver strike plating containing methanesulfonic acid as a complexing agent is performed. Electroplating (silver strike plating) was performed for 150 seconds at a current density of 5 A/dm 2 in a liquid (Dyne Silver GPE-ST manufactured by Daiwa Kasei Co., Ltd., silver concentration 3 g / L, methanesulfonic acid concentration 42 g / L). . The silver strike plating was applied to the entire surface layer of the material. The thickness of the formed strike plating film was measured with a fluorescent X-ray film thickness meter (FT110A manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Science Co., Ltd.) and found to be 0.20 ⁇ m.
- FT110A fluorescent X-ray film thickness meter
- a sulfonic acid-based silver plating solution containing methanesulfonic acid as a complexing agent and having a silver concentration of 30 g/L and a methanesulfonic acid concentration of 60 g/L (Dyne Silver GPE-HB manufactured by Daiwa Kasei Co., Ltd., and the solvent is water and isopropanol.
- the carbon particles (graphite particles) subjected to the above oxidation treatment are added to obtain a carbon particle-containing sulfone containing carbon particles with a concentration of 50 g / L, silver with a concentration of 30 g / L, and methanesulfonic acid with a concentration of 60 g / L
- An acid silver plating solution was prepared.
- a plasma generator (Model 618-920 SP power supply manufactured by Cresul Co., Ltd., Capplas 2007A electrode, capable of generating plasma with a width of 5.0 cm or more) is applied to the coating layer surface of the laminated material obtained by ultrasonic cleaning treatment. Glow discharge is performed under the conditions of applying a voltage to the electrodes at a power supply voltage of 11.8 kV and a frequency of 10 kHz, and using a plasma gas that is a mixed gas of Ar flow rate of 3.0 L / min and O flow rate of 0.1 L / min.
- plasma treatment is performed at a distance of 1 mm between the coating layer surface of the laminated material and the tip of the electrode (where plasma is generated) and at a scanning speed of 1 mm / s to remove the oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer from the coating layer. formed.
- the electrode was scanned once from one end of the laminated material to the other, and the plasma treatment was completed.
- the electrode started scanning from a remote position not above the laminate and passed completely over the laminate.
- the plasma gas was jetted downward from the top of the glow discharge area, and the oxygen in the plasma gas became radicals at the glow discharge area, and the surface of the coating layer directly below was irradiated.
- a composite material was obtained in which an oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer was formed on the material.
- the amount of oxygen gas injected per unit area of the material was calculated to be 1.1 mL/cm 2 from the flow rate of the plasma gas, the size of the electrode of the plasma generator, the dimension of the laminated material, and the scanning speed.
- the composite material obtained in Example 1 was evaluated as follows.
- ⁇ Thickness of oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer The thickness of the oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer of the composite (circular area with a diameter of 0.2 mm in the central part of the surface of 5.0 cm ⁇ 5.0 cm) was measured using a fluorescent X-ray film thickness meter (manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Science Co., Ltd.) It was 3.0 ⁇ m when measured by FT110A). It is difficult to detect the C element and the O element of the carbon particles with a fluorescent X-ray film thickness meter, and the thickness is obtained by detecting the Ag element. Consider layer thickness.
- the plate-shaped composite material obtained in Example 1 above was used as a plate test piece, and the oxygen-containing silver-based The surface of the coating layer is slid at a sliding speed of 0.4 mm/sec while pressing the indented test piece against the plate test piece with a constant load (5 N) so that the convex portion of the indented test piece is in contact with the surface of the coating layer.
- the sliding load was measured from the start of sliding to a sliding distance of 5 mm.
- the friction coefficient average F/5N of sliding load
- Example 2 Using the same material as in Example 1 as a cathode and a Ni electrode plate as an anode, a nickel plating bath containing nickel sulfamate with a concentration of 342 g/L (Ni concentration of 80 g/L) and boric acid with a concentration of 45 g/L ( In an aqueous solution), electroplating (Ni plating) is performed for 135 seconds while stirring at a liquid temperature of 55 ° C and a current density of 4 A / dm 2 to form a Ni film (Ni base layer) with a thickness of 1.0 ⁇ m on the material. did. The Ni film was formed on the entire surface layer of the material.
- a composite material was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Ag strike plating was applied to the material on which the Ni underlayer was formed and the scanning speed of the electrode of the plasma generator in the plasma treatment was set to 5 mm / s. .
- Example 1 As in Example 1, the thickness of the oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer, the amount of constituent elements, the coefficient of friction, and the contact resistance of the resulting composite material were evaluated. The evaluation results are summarized in Table 1 below.
- Example 3 A composite material was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the scanning speed of the electrodes of the plasma generator in the plasma treatment was 10 mm/s.
- Example 1 As in Example 1, the thickness of the oxygen-containing silver-based coating layer, the amount of constituent elements, the coefficient of friction, and the contact resistance of the resulting composite material were evaluated. The evaluation results are summarized in Table 1 below.
- Example 4 ⁇ Ag strike plating> A material similar to that of Example 1 was prepared, this material was used as a cathode, and a titanium-platinum mesh electrode plate obtained by platinizing a titanium mesh material was used as an anode, and a cyan-based Ag strike plating solution containing a cyanide compound as a complexing agent was prepared. Electroplating (Ag strike plating) was performed for 30 seconds at a current density of 5 A/dm 2 in a bath (made from individual general reagents, silver cyanide concentration 3 g/L, potassium cyanide concentration 90 g/L, solvent water).
- a cyan Ag—Sb alloy plating solution (solvent: water) containing a cyanide compound as a complexing agent and having a silver concentration of 60 g/L and an antimony (Sb) concentration of 2.5 g/L was prepared.
- the cyan-based Ag—Sb alloy plating solution contains 10% by mass of silver cyanide, 30% by mass of sodium cyanide, and Nissin Bright N (manufactured by Nisshin Seisei Co., Ltd.). Concentration is 50 mL/L.
- Nisshin Bright N contains selenium dioxide and diantimony trioxide
- Nisshin Bright N has a selenium dioxide concentration of 0.01% by mass and a diantimony trioxide concentration of 6% by mass.
- Example 5 ⁇ Silver strike plating> Electroplating (silver strike plating) was performed on the material in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a sulfonic acid-based silver plating solution containing methanesulfonic acid as a complexing agent and having a silver concentration of 30 g/L and a methanesulfonic acid concentration of 60 g/L (Dyne Silver GPE-HB manufactured by Daiwa Kasei Co., Ltd., and the solvent is water and isopropanol. ) was prepared.
- Example 1 using the above silver strike-plated material as a cathode and the silver electrode plate as an anode, in the above sulfonic acid-based silver plating solution, while stirring at 400 rpm with a stirrer, the temperature is 25 ° C., the current density is 3 A / Electroplating was performed at dm 2 for 210 seconds to form a coating layer (Ag layer) on the material, followed by plasma treatment in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a composite material. As in Example 1, the thickness of the coating layer, the amount of constituent elements, the coefficient of friction, and the contact resistance of the resulting composite material were evaluated. The evaluation results are summarized in Table 1 below.
- Example 1 A composite material was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the plasma treatment was not performed. As in Example 1, the thickness of the coating layer, the amount of constituent elements, the coefficient of friction, and the contact resistance of the obtained composite material were evaluated. The evaluation results are summarized in Table 1 below.
- Example 2 A composite material was produced in the same manner as in Example 4, except that the plasma treatment was not performed. As in Example 1, the thickness of the coating layer, the amount of constituent elements, the coefficient of friction, and the contact resistance of the obtained composite material were evaluated. The evaluation results are summarized in Table 1 below.
- Example 3 A composite material was produced in the same manner as in Example 5, except that the plasma treatment was not performed. As in Example 1, the thickness of the coating layer, the amount of constituent elements, the coefficient of friction, and the contact resistance of the obtained composite material were evaluated. The evaluation results are summarized in Table 1 below.
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Abstract
Description
[1] 銅又は銅合金からなる素材上に、銀を含み、かつその表面近傍に酸素が存在する酸素含有銀系被覆層が形成された複合材。
[複合材]
以下、本発明の複合材の実施の形態について説明する。当該複合材は、銅又は銅合金からなる素材上に、銀を含み、かつその表面近傍に酸素が存在する酸素含有銀系被覆層が形成されたものである。この複合材は、例えば後述する本発明の複合材の製造方法により製造することができる。以下、この複合材の各構成について説明する。
その上に酸素含有銀系被覆層が形成される素材の構成材料としては、銀めっき可能であり、コネクタやスイッチなどの摺動接点部品などの材料に求められる導電性を有するものが好適であり、更にコストの観点から、本発明ではCu(銅)及びCu合金が採用される。前記Cu合金としては、導電性と耐摩耗性の両立などの観点から、Cuと、Si(ケイ素),Fe(鉄),Mg(マグネシウム),P(リン),Ni(ニッケル),Sn(スズ),Co(コバルト),Zn(亜鉛),Be(ベリリウム),Pb(鉛),Te(テルル),Ag(銀),Zr(ジルコニウム),Cr(クロム),Al(アルミニウム)及びTi(チタン)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種と、不可避不純物とで構成される合金が好ましい。
素材上に形成された酸素含有銀系被覆層は、銀を含む。なお酸素含有銀系被覆層を形成する前に素材に対してAgストライクめっきを行っている場合は、素材(又は後述する下地層)と酸素含有銀系被覆層の間にこのストライクめっきによる中間層が存在するが、非常に薄くて酸素含有銀系被覆層と区別できない場合も多い。また酸素含有銀系被覆層は素材の表層全体の上に形成されていてもよいし、表層の一部上に形成されていてもよい。
本発明の複合材においては、酸素含有銀系被覆層の表面近傍には酸素が存在している。表面近傍とは、前記被覆層の、素材と(後述する下地層が存在する場合には下地層を介して)接触している面に対向する、外部に露出している面の近傍である。前記表面近傍における酸素の存在は前記複合材の低い摩擦係数に寄与していると考えられる。そのメカニズムについて、本発明者は以下のように推定している。
上述の通り酸素含有銀系被覆層の例としては、酸素含有Ag層、酸素含有AgSb合金層、酸素含有AgSn合金層、酸素含有AgC複合層、酸素含有AgSbC複合層及び酸素含有AgSnC複合層が挙げられる。
酸素含有銀系被覆層の厚さは特に制限されないが、摩擦係数や導電性の点で、最低限の厚さがあることが好ましい。また厚さが大きすぎても酸素含有銀系被覆層の効果は飽和し、原料コストが高まる。以上の観点から、酸素含有銀系被覆層の厚さは0.5~45μmであることが好ましく、0.5~35μmであることがより好ましく、1~20μmであることが更に好ましい。
素材と酸素含有銀系被覆層の間に、種々の目的で下地層が形成されていてもよい。下地層の構成金属としては、Cu、Ni及びAgが挙げられる。例えば素材中の銅が酸素含有銀系被覆層表面に拡散して耐熱性が劣化することを防止する目的では、Niからなる下地層を形成することが好ましい。素材が黄銅などの亜鉛を含む銅合金で、素材中の亜鉛が酸素含有銀系被覆層表面に拡散することを防止する目的では、Cuからなる下地層を形成することが好ましい。酸素含有銀系被覆層の素材への密着性改善の目的では、Agからなる下地層を形成することが好ましい。下地層の厚さは特に限定されないが、その機能発揮とコストの観点から、0.1~2μmであることが好ましく、0.1~1.5μmであることがより好ましい。
本発明の複合材は、酸素含有銀系被覆層が、その表面近傍に酸素を有するものであることから摩擦係数が低い。具体的には、後述する実施例にて説明する条件で測定した摩擦係数(摺動荷重の平均F/5N)が、好ましくは0.25以下であり、より好ましくは0.05~0.17であり、更に好ましくは0.05~0.14である。
本発明の複合材は、従来の銀めっき材等と同等の優れた導電性を有しており、具体的には、後述する実施例の方法にて測定した接触抵抗値が10mΩ以下であり、好ましくは5mΩ以下であり、より好ましくは0.05~2mΩである。
本発明の複合材の摩擦係数は非常に低いので、当該複合材は、端子、特にコネクタやスイッチなどの、その使用において摺動がなされる電気接点部品における端子の構成材料として好適である。
次に、本発明の複合材の製造方法の実施の形態について説明する。当該製造方法は、銅又は銅合金からなる素材上に銀を含む被覆層が形成された積層材の、前記被覆層の表面に対して酸素の存在下にプラズマ処理を施して酸素含有銀系被覆層を形成するものである。以下、この複合材の製造方法の各構成について説明する。
前記素材は本発明の複合材について説明した素材と同様であり、その構成材料としてCu(銅)及びCu合金が採用される。前記Cu合金としては、Cuと、Si(ケイ素),Fe(鉄),Mg(マグネシウム),P(リン),Ni(ニッケル),Sn(スズ),Co(コバルト),Zn(亜鉛),Be(ベリリウム),Pb(鉛),Te(テルル),Ag(銀),Zr(ジルコニウム),Cr(クロム),Al(アルミニウム)及びTi(チタン)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種と、不可避不純物とで構成される合金が好ましい。Cu合金におけるCuの量は、好ましくは50質量%であり、より好ましくは85質量%以上であり、更に好ましくは92質量%以上である。なおCuの量は好ましくは99.95質量%以下である。また、銅合金がZnを20質量%以上含むいわゆる黄銅の場合は、Cuの量は好ましくは50質量%以上であり、より好ましくは55質量%以上であり、更に好ましくは60質量%以上である。なおCuの量は好ましくは79質量%以下である。
銀を含む被覆層は公知の任意の方法で素材上に形成することができる。例えば、電気めっき、蒸着又はクラッド(金属貼り合わせ)といった方法により被覆層を素材上に形成することができる。なお、電気めっきでは単金属めっきや合金めっきからなる被覆層や、AgC複合層などの複合層からなる被覆層を安価に形成できる。また、被覆層は素材の表面全体に形成しても、表面のうち一部に形成してもよい。以下前記電気めっきについて説明する。
素材上に電気めっきにより被覆層を形成する前に、Agストライクめっきにより非常に薄い中間層を形成して、素材と被覆層との密着性を高めることが好ましい。なお、下記で説明する下地層を素材上に形成する場合は、下地層上にAgストライクめっきを行う。Agストライクめっきの実施方法としては、本発明の効果を損なわない限り、従来公知の方法を特に制限なく採用することができる。
素材に対して下地層を形成して、その下地層上に被覆層を形成してもよい。この下地層は、本発明の複合材について説明したものと同様である。すなわち下地層の構成金属としては、Cu、Ni及びAgが挙げられる。下地層は、Cu,Ni,Agそれぞれからなる層やそれらを組み合わせた(積層構造の)層があってもよく、下地層の形成は、製造される複合材の用途に応じて、素材の表層全体でもよいし、その一部でもよい。下地層の形成方法は特に限定されず、前記の構成金属のイオンを含む下地めっき液を用いて、公知の方法により素材を電気めっきすることで、形成することができる。
特定の電気めっき液中で、上述の素材に対して電気めっきを行うことで、素材上に、銀を含む被覆層を形成する。電気めっき液は、銀イオンを含有し、形成しようとする被覆層の組成によってはそれに応じたその他の金属イオンを含有する場合がある。電気めっき液中の銀の濃度は、被覆層の形成速度や外観ムラ抑制の観点から5~150g/Lであることが好ましく、10~120g/Lであることが更に好ましい。
以上説明したようにして素材上に形成された被覆層の表面に対して、酸素の存在下、プラズマ処理を施す。前記被覆層の表面とは、被覆層の、素材と(上述した下地層が存在する場合には下地層を介して)接触している面に対向する、外部に露出している面である。前記プラズマ処理により、前記被覆層の表面に酸素が導入されて、上述の本発明の複合材における酸素含有銀系被覆層となる。
炭素粒子として平均粒径5μmの鱗片形状黒鉛粒子(日本黒鉛工業株式会社製のPAG-3000)80gを1.4Lの純水中に添加し、この混合液を攪拌しながら50℃に昇温させた。なお前記平均粒径は、レーザー回折・散乱式粒度分布測定装置(マイクロトラック・ベル株式会社製のMT3300(LOW-WET MT3000II Mode))を用いて測定した、体積基準の累積値が50%の粒径である。次に、この混合液に酸化剤として0.1モル/Lの過硫酸カリウム水溶液0.6Lを徐々に滴下した後、2時間攪拌することで酸化処理を行い、その後、ろ紙によりろ別を行い、得られた固形物に対して水洗を行った。
縦5.0cm、横5.0cm、厚さ0.2mmのCu-Ni-Sn-P合金からなる板材(1.0質量%のNiと0.9質量%のSnと0.05質量%のPを含み、残部がCu及び不可避不純物である銅合金の板材)(DOWAメタルテック株式会社製のNB-109EH)を用意した。この板材を素材として、当該素材をカソード、チタンのメッシュ素材を酸化イリジウムコーティングした酸化イリジウムメッシュ電極板をアノードとして使用して、錯化剤としてメタンスルホン酸を含む25℃のスルホン酸系銀ストライクめっき液(大和化成株式会社製のダインシルバーGPE-ST、銀濃度3g/L、メタンスルホン酸濃度42g/L)中において、電流密度5A/dm2で150秒間電気めっき(銀ストライクめっき)を行った。なお銀ストライクめっきは素材の表層全体に対して行った。形成されたストライクめっき膜の厚さを蛍光X線膜厚計(株式会社日立ハイテクサイエンス製のFT110A)で測定したところ0.20μmだった。
錯化剤としてメタンスルホン酸を含む、銀濃度30g/L、メタンスルホン酸濃度60g/Lのスルホン酸系銀めっき液(大和化成株式会社製のダインシルバーGPE-HB、溶媒は水とイソプロパノールである)に、上記の酸化処理を行った炭素粒子(黒鉛粒子)を添加して、濃度50g/Lの炭素粒子と濃度30g/Lの銀と濃度60g/Lのメタンスルホン酸を含む炭素粒子含有スルホン酸系銀めっき液を用意した。
得られた積層材の被覆層表面に対して、超音波洗浄器(AS ONE製のVS-100III、出力100W、槽内寸法:縦140mm×横240mm×深さ100mm、使用液体は純水、水温は20℃)を使用して、28kHzで4分の超音波洗浄処理を実施した。
超音波洗浄処理で得られた積層材の被覆層表面に対して、プラズマ発生装置(クレスール株式会社製のModel 618-920 SP電源装置、Capplas2007A電極、幅5.0cm以上のプラズマを生成可能)を使用して、電源電圧11.8kV、周波数10kHzにて電圧を電極に印加、Ar流量3.0L/minとO2流量0.1L/minの混合ガスであるプラズマガスを使用した条件でグロー放電のプラズマを発生させて、積層材の被覆層表面と電極先端(ここでプラズマが発生)の距離1mmかつ走査速度1mm/sでプラズマ処理を実施して、被覆層から酸素含有銀系被覆層を形成した。
この実施例1で得られた複合材について、以下の評価を行った。
複合材の酸素含有銀系被覆層(5.0cm×5.0cmの面における中央部分の直径0.2mmの円形の範囲)の厚さを蛍光X線膜厚計(株式会社日立ハイテクサイエンス製のFT110A)で測定したところ、3.0μmであった。なお蛍光X線膜厚計では炭素粒子のC元素及びO元素の検出は困難でAg元素を検出して厚さを求めているが、本実施例ではこれにより求まる厚さを酸素含有銀系被覆層の厚さとみなす。
電子顕微鏡である卓上顕微鏡(株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ製のTM4000 Plus)を用いて加速電圧15kVで1000倍に拡大して酸素含有銀系被覆層の表面を観察し、この観察領域(1視野)において、上記卓上顕微鏡に付属するエネルギー分散型X線分析装置(オックスフォード・インストゥルメンツ株式会社製のAztecOne(解析ソフトはAZtecOne 3.3 SP2))を用いてEDS分析を行った。その結果、O元素、Ag元素及びC元素が検出された。検出された元素の量の合計を100質量%としたとき、Oの含有量は6.6質量%、Agの含有量は86.5質量%、Cの含有量は6.9質量%だった。
実施例1で使用したのと同じCu-Ni-Sn-P合金板材に内径1.0mmの半球形状に押し出すインデント加工を施し、この合金板材の突き出た面(下記のプレート試験片に押し当てられる面)側に後述する比較例2と同様のめっき処理(AgSbめっき)を施し、インデント試験片を得た。
上記摩擦係数の測定に用いた摺動摩耗試験機に、上記プレート試験片及びインデント試験片を設置し、インデント試験片の凸部を一定の荷重(5N)でプレート試験片の酸素含有銀系被覆層に押し当てた際の接触抵抗を四端子法で測定した。結果、接触抵抗値は0.7mΩだった。
実施例1と同様の素材をカソード、Ni電極板をアノードとして使用して、濃度342g/Lのスルファミン酸ニッケル(Ni濃度として80g/L)と濃度45g/Lのホウ酸を含むニッケルめっき浴(水溶液)中において、液温55℃、電流密度4A/dm2で攪拌しながら135秒間電気めっき(Niめっき)を行って、素材上に厚さ1.0μmのNi皮膜(Ni下地層)を形成した。なおNi皮膜は素材の表層全体上に形成した。
プラズマ処理におけるプラズマ発生装置の電極の走査速度を10mm/sとしたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして複合材を作製した。
実施例1と同様の素材を用意し、この素材をカソード、チタンのメッシュ素材を白金めっきしたチタン白金メッシュ電極板をアノードとして使用して、錯化剤としてシアン化合物を含むシアン系Agストライクめっき液(個別の一般試薬から建浴、シアン化銀濃度3g/L、シアン化カリウム濃度90g/L、溶媒は水)中において、電流密度5A/dm2で30秒間電気めっき(Agストライクめっき)を行った。
錯化剤としてシアン化合物を含む銀濃度60g/L、アンチモン(Sb)濃度2.5g/Lのシアン系Ag-Sb合金めっき液(溶媒は水)を用意した。前記シアン系Ag-Sb合金めっき液は、10質量%のシアン化銀と30質量%のシアン化ナトリウムとニッシンブライトN(日進化成株式会社製)を含み、前記めっき液中のニッシンブライトNの濃度は50mL/Lである。そしてニッシンブライトNは、二酸化セレンと三酸化二アンチモンを含み、ニッシンブライトNにおける二酸化セレンの濃度は0.01質量%、三酸化二アンチモンの濃度は6質量%である。
実施例1と同様に、素材に対して電気めっき(銀ストライクめっき)を実施した。
錯化剤としてメタンスルホン酸を含む、銀濃度30g/L、メタンスルホン酸濃度60g/Lのスルホン酸系銀めっき液(大和化成株式会社製のダインシルバーGPE-HB、溶媒は水とイソプロパノールである)のスルホン酸系銀めっき液を用意した。
プラズマ処理を実施しなかったこと以外は実施例1と同様にして複合材を作製した。得られた複合材について、実施例1と同様に、被覆層の厚さ、構成元素量、摩擦係数の測定、接触抵抗の測定を評価した。評価結果を後記表1にまとめた。
プラズマ処理を実施しなかったこと以外は実施例4と同様にして複合材を作製した。得られた複合材について、実施例1と同様に、被覆層の厚さ、構成元素量、摩擦係数の測定、接触抵抗の測定を評価した。評価結果を後記表1にまとめた。
プラズマ処理を実施しなかったこと以外は実施例5と同様にして複合材を作製した。得られた複合材について、実施例1と同様に、被覆層の厚さ、構成元素量、摩擦係数の測定、接触抵抗の測定を評価した。評価結果を後記表1にまとめた。
Claims (16)
- 銅又は銅合金からなる素材上に、銀を含み、かつその表面近傍に酸素が存在する酸素含有銀系被覆層が形成された複合材。
- 端子用途に用いられる、請求項1に記載の複合材。
- 前記酸素含有銀系被覆層が炭素粒子を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の複合材。
- 前記素材と酸素含有銀系被覆層の間にニッケルからなる下地層が形成されている、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の複合材。
- 前記酸素含有銀系被覆層の表面をEDS分析したとき、検出されたすべての元素の量の合計100質量%に対して酸素の量が1質量%以上である、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の複合材。
- 前記酸素含有銀系被覆層の表面をEDS分析したとき、検出されたすべての元素の量の合計100質量%に対して銀、酸素、炭素、アンチモン及びスズの量の合計が99質量%以上であり、
前記銀、酸素、炭素、アンチモン及びスズの量の合計を100質量部としたとき、酸素の量が1質量部以上である、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の複合材。 - 前記銀、酸素、炭素、アンチモン及びスズの量の合計を100質量部としたとき、銀及び炭素の量の合計が88質量部以上である、請求項6に記載の複合材。
- 前記銀、酸素、炭素、アンチモン及びスズの量の合計を100質量部としたとき、酸素の量が1.1~12質量部である、請求項6又は7に記載の複合材。
- 銅又は銅合金からなる素材上に、銀を含み、かつその表面近傍に酸素が存在する酸素含有銀系被覆層が形成された複合材からなる端子。
- 前記酸素含有銀系被覆層が炭素粒子を含む、請求項9に記載の端子。
- 前記酸素含有銀系被覆層の表面をEDS分析したとき、検出されたすべての元素の量の合計100質量%に対して酸素の量が1質量%以上である、請求項9又は10に記載の端子。
- 前記酸素含有銀系被覆層の表面をEDS分析したとき、検出されたすべての元素の量の合計100質量%に対して銀、酸素、炭素、アンチモン及びスズの量の合計が99質量%以上であり、
前記銀、酸素、炭素、アンチモン及びスズの量の合計を100質量部としたとき、酸素の量が1質量部以上である、請求項9~11のいずれかに記載の端子。 - 銅又は銅合金からなる素材上に銀を含む被覆層が形成された積層材の、前記被覆層の表面に対して酸素の存在下にプラズマ処理を施して酸素含有銀系被覆層を形成する、複合材の製造方法。
- 前記プラズマ処理におけるプラズマガスとして、酸素を含むガスを使用する、請求項13に記載の複合材の製造方法。
- 前記プラズマガスが、酸素を1~20体積%含み、残部が非酸化性元素である、請求項14に記載の複合材の製造方法。
- 請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の複合材を端子の形状に成形する、端子の製造方法。
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JPH0653380A (ja) | 1991-12-24 | 1994-02-25 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | リードフレームおよびその製造方法 |
JP2006002205A (ja) * | 2004-06-16 | 2006-01-05 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | 接点と半田付け端子を有する電子部品及びその表面処理方法 |
JP2007016250A (ja) | 2005-07-05 | 2007-01-25 | Dowa Holdings Co Ltd | 複合めっき材およびその製造方法 |
JP2011074499A (ja) | 2011-01-05 | 2011-04-14 | Dowa Holdings Co Ltd | 複合めっき材およびその製造方法 |
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JPH0653380A (ja) | 1991-12-24 | 1994-02-25 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | リードフレームおよびその製造方法 |
JP2006002205A (ja) * | 2004-06-16 | 2006-01-05 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | 接点と半田付け端子を有する電子部品及びその表面処理方法 |
JP2007016250A (ja) | 2005-07-05 | 2007-01-25 | Dowa Holdings Co Ltd | 複合めっき材およびその製造方法 |
JP2011074499A (ja) | 2011-01-05 | 2011-04-14 | Dowa Holdings Co Ltd | 複合めっき材およびその製造方法 |
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