WO2023245935A1 - 耐洗碳化膜无熔滴面料 - Google Patents

耐洗碳化膜无熔滴面料 Download PDF

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WO2023245935A1
WO2023245935A1 PCT/CN2022/126661 CN2022126661W WO2023245935A1 WO 2023245935 A1 WO2023245935 A1 WO 2023245935A1 CN 2022126661 W CN2022126661 W CN 2022126661W WO 2023245935 A1 WO2023245935 A1 WO 2023245935A1
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fabric
polyamide ester
fiber
ester fiber
carbonized film
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PCT/CN2022/126661
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陈明青
王跃庆
钱赟娟
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浙江蓝天海纺织服饰科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023245935A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023245935A1/zh

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/283—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads synthetic polymer-based, e.g. polyamide or polyester fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D1/00—Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
    • D03D1/0035—Protective fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/208—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads cellulose-based
    • D03D15/217—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads cellulose-based natural from plants, e.g. cotton
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/513—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads heat-resistant or fireproof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2201/00—Cellulose-based fibres, e.g. vegetable fibres
    • D10B2201/01—Natural vegetable fibres
    • D10B2201/02—Cotton
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/06—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyethers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/04—Heat-responsive characteristics

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of blended fabrics, and in particular relates to a washable carbonized film drop-free fabric.
  • droplet-shaped combustion products of the former will stick tightly to the skin, causing serious secondary injuries, which is very dangerous. Therefore, droplet-free fabrics are used for flammable and explosive fire-fighting in petroleum, chemical industry, dust, etc. High temperature operations, emergency training and other industries and occasions.
  • the same droplet-free fabrics can be further divided into fly ash droplet-free fabrics and carbonized film droplet-free fabrics.
  • the burning ashes of the former will fly up in the air. In dangerous situations such as explosions and fires, although they are not It will cause secondary damage due to molten dripping, but it will also directly expose the skin to high temperature flame environment.
  • the latter is relatively superior. It can be carbonized to form a film. In dangerous situations such as explosions and fires, it will not cause secondary damage due to melt dripping, and it has a partial isolation effect on thermal damage to the environment.
  • the patent publication number is CN107177979A.
  • the Chinese invention patent with the announcement date of 2017.09.19 discloses a droplet-free flame-retardant polyester fiber/fabric and its preparation method. It is characterized by impregnating the outer surface of the flame-retardant polyester fiber/fabric with retardant.
  • the glue solution of flame retardant and cross-linking agent is grafted on the fabric through electron beam irradiation to introduce flame retardant and cross-linking agent to form a surface material; it is first steamed with water vapor, and then soaped, rinsed and dried to obtain a flame retardant.
  • the weight percentage of the droplet-free flame-retardant polyester fiber/fabric is 5 to 35%.
  • the droplet-free flame-retardant polyester fiber/fabric in this invention patent uses a large amount of flame retardant to achieve sufficient droplet-free flame retardant effect, so the fabric itself has a poor experience when worn next to the body.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a washable carbonized film drop-free fabric whose blended fibers include polyamide ester fiber, cotton fiber and polyester fiber.
  • the content of polyamide ester fiber is 54.2-62.5wt%. It is made from the copolymerization of terephthalic acid, dodecanediol and caprolactam.
  • the number ratio of ester bonds and amide bonds in polyamide ester fiber is (10.2-15.5):1.
  • the final fabric has a carbonized film with no melting droplets and is not easy to fly. It has the characteristics of gray, and the drop-free function of the carbonized film is still effectively maintained after repeated washing with water.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above problems is: washable carbonized film droplet-free fabric.
  • the fabric composition includes polyamide ester fiber, cotton fiber and polyester fiber.
  • the content of the polyamide ester fiber is 54.2-62.5wt%.
  • the polyamide ester fiber is made by copolymerizing terephthalic acid, dodecanediol and caprolactam.
  • the number ratio of ester bonds and amide bonds in the polyamide ester fiber is (10.2-15.5):1.
  • polyester fiber is polyester, which itself has the preliminary advantage of being resistant to washing, while cotton fiber is a natural fiber, which itself has the preliminary advantage of no melting droplets.
  • the applicant introduces the polyester of specific components quantitatively.
  • Amide fiber is used to achieve the following two purposes.
  • the ordinary no-droplet effect is improved to the no-droplet effect of the carbonized film.
  • dangerous situations such as explosions and fires, it will not cause secondary damage due to molten dripping, but also has a partial isolation effect on thermal damage to the environment. That is, it is not easy to fly ash.
  • a further preferred technical solution is that the content of the polyamide ester fiber is 56.6wt%, and the number ratio of ester bonds and amide bonds in the polyamide ester fiber is 14.6:1.
  • the two indicators of the reduction in droplet carbonization film-forming performance combine the best advantages, that is, in the early stage of wearing the fabric, the film-forming proportion after burning is large, and the proportion of fly ash flying is less than 2%. After 50 times of washing, the fabric is burned. The proportion of fly ash floating is still less than 3%, which means that the droplet-free function of the carbonized film is effective for a long time.
  • a further preferred technical solution is: when the content of the polyamide ester fiber is 54.2-56.6wt% but does not include 56.6wt%, the number ratio of ester bonds and amide bonds in the polyamide ester fiber is (10.2-14.6 ):1 but excluding 14.6:1; when the content of the polyamide ester fiber is 56.6-62.5wt%, the number ratio of ester bonds and amide bonds in the polyamide ester fiber is (14.6-15.5):1 .
  • the applicant found that when the content of polyamide ester fiber is 54.2-56.6wt% but does not include 56.6wt%, if the proportion of ester bonds and amide bonds in the polyamide ester fiber is increased at this time, it will lead to After multiple water washings, the droplet-free effect of the carbonized film is significantly degraded, so the maximum ester bond to amide bond ratio of 14.6:1 is limited.
  • the content of polyamide ester fiber is 56.6-62.5wt%
  • appropriately increasing the proportion of ester bonds and amide bonds at this time can significantly improve the initial performance of the carbonized film while slightly reducing the droplet-free performance and water washing resistance.
  • the carbonization film-forming ratio of the fabric especially in the group with a polyamide ester fiber content of 56.6wt% and an ester bond amide bond ratio of 14.6:1, has the highest carbonization film-forming ratio. Therefore, in the present invention , the consideration priority of improving the carbonization film forming ratio is higher than extending the validity period of the carbonization film forming droplet-free performance.
  • polyamide ester fiber has a length of 38 mm and a linear density of 1.33-1.56 dtex.
  • polyamide ester fiber has an elongation at break of 43-49% and a public moisture regain of 0.6-0.7%.
  • a further preferred technical solution is that the melting point of the polyamide ester fiber is 245-248°C, the melting crystallization temperature is 170-190°C, and the limiting oxygen index LOI is 21.6-22.5%.
  • the cotton fiber itself has a basic droplet-free effect.
  • the polyamide ester fiber is required to have at least a relatively basic and primary droplet-free effect. Therefore, the length and length of the polyamide ester fiber are limited.
  • the linear density is as above, which ultimately ensures that the polyamide ester fiber has an outstanding limiting oxygen index LOI of 21.6-22.5%.
  • LOI limiting oxygen index
  • the carbonized film is improved to have no melting droplets, ensuring that there will be no large amounts of fly ash after the fabric is burned.
  • a further preferred technical solution is that the fabric is made by warp and weft knitting, the polyamide ester fibers, cotton fibers and polyester fibers are made into weft yarns, and the polyamide ester fibers and polyester fibers are made into warp yarns.
  • a further preferred technical solution is that the warp density of the fabric is 390-520 threads/10cm, and the weft density is 200-280 threads/10cm.
  • a further preferred technical solution is as follows: the fly ash floating ratio after the initial fabric is burned is ⁇ 2%, and the burning fly ash floating ratio after the fabric is washed 50 times is ⁇ 3%.
  • the present invention has the following advantages.
  • the fabric has no melting droplets after burning.
  • the carbonized film has no melting droplets.
  • the carbonized film is not easy to fly ash and can still cover the skin and isolate some heat.
  • the droplet-free performance of the carbonized film before the fabric is washed is very outstanding.
  • the droplet-free performance of the carbonized film after the fabric is washed 50 times is still relatively excellent, and the droplet-free performance of the carbonized film can be effective for a long time.
  • the warp and weft weaving method of the fabric is simple and convenient, and the fabric has high application value in the fields of fire fighting and high-temperature operations.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the carbonized film formed after burning of the droplet-free fabric in the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a table of fabric performance test results in the embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention.
  • a kind of washable carbonized film drop-free fabric The fabric consists of polyamide ester fiber, cotton fiber and polyester fiber.
  • the content of the polyamide ester fiber is 56.6wt%.
  • the polyamide ester fiber is made of terephthalic acid. It is produced by copolymerizing dodecanediol, dodecanediol and caprolactam. The number ratio of ester bonds and amide bonds in the polyamide ester fiber is 14.6:1.
  • the fabric is produced by warp and weft knitting.
  • the polyamide ester fibers, cotton fibers and polyester fibers are used to prepare weft yarns, and the polyamide ester fibers and polyester fibers are used to prepare warp yarns.
  • the warp density of the fabric is 512 threads/10cm, and the weft density is 275 threads/10cm.
  • the test items included the burning fly ash floating ratio (%) of the initial fabric, the burning fly ash flying ratio (%) of the fabric after 50 times of washing, and the limiting oxygen index (%). As well as the burning droplet situation, the final test results are shown in Figure 4.
  • the length of the polyamide ester fiber is 38mm, and the linear density is 1.56dtex.
  • the polyamide ester fiber has an elongation at break of 43% and a conventional moisture regain of 0.6%.
  • the melting point of the polyamide ester fiber is 247°C, the melting crystallization temperature is 171°C, and the limiting oxygen index LOI is 21.9%.
  • a kind of washable carbonized film drop-free fabric The fabric consists of polyamide ester fiber, cotton fiber and polyester fiber.
  • the content of the polyamide ester fiber is 55.9wt%.
  • the polyamide ester fiber is made of terephthalic acid. It is prepared by copolymerizing , dodecanediol and caprolactam. The number ratio of ester bonds and amide bonds in the polyamide ester fiber is 12.5:1.
  • the length of the polyamide ester fiber is 38mm, and the linear density is 1.56dtex.
  • the polyamide ester fiber has an elongation at break of 49% and a conventional moisture regain of 0.7%.
  • the melting point of the polyamide ester fiber is 248°C, the melting crystallization temperature is 188°C, and the limiting oxygen index LOI is 22.0%.
  • the fabric is produced by warp and weft knitting.
  • the polyamide ester fibers, cotton fibers and polyester fibers are used to prepare weft yarns, and the polyamide ester fibers and polyester fibers are used to prepare warp yarns.
  • the warp density of the fabric is 475 threads/10cm, and the weft density is 236 threads/10cm.
  • the length of the polyamide ester fiber is 38mm, and the linear density is 1.33dtex.
  • the polyamide ester fiber has an elongation at break of 45% and a conventional moisture regain of 0.7%.
  • the melting point of the polyamide ester fiber is 248°C, the melting crystallization temperature is 188°C, and the limiting oxygen index LOI is 22.3%.
  • the fabric is produced by warp and weft knitting.
  • the polyamide ester fibers, cotton fibers and polyester fibers are used to prepare weft yarns, and the polyamide ester fibers and polyester fibers are used to prepare warp yarns.
  • the warp density of the fabric is 475 threads/10cm, and the weft density is 236 threads/10cm.
  • the length of the polyamide ester fiber is 38mm, and the linear density is 1.56dtex.
  • the polyamide ester fiber has an elongation at break of 47% and a conventional moisture regain of 0.7%.
  • the melting point of the polyamide ester fiber is 246°C, the melting crystallization temperature is 182°C, and the limiting oxygen index LOI is 22.0%.
  • the fabric is produced by warp and weft knitting.
  • the polyamide ester fibers, cotton fibers and polyester fibers are used to prepare weft yarns, and the polyamide ester fibers and polyester fibers are used to prepare warp yarns.
  • the warp density of the fabric is 512 threads/10cm, and the weft density is 275 threads/10cm.
  • a kind of washable carbonized film drop-free fabric The fabric consists of polyamide ester fiber, cotton fiber and polyester fiber.
  • the content of the polyamide ester fiber is 54.9wt%.
  • the polyamide ester fiber is made of terephthalic acid. It is prepared by copolymerizing , dodecanediol and caprolactam.
  • the number ratio of ester bonds and amide bonds in the polyamide ester fiber is 18.0:1.
  • the fabric is produced by warp and weft knitting.
  • the polyamide ester fibers, cotton fibers and polyester fibers are used to prepare weft yarns, and the polyamide ester fibers and polyester fibers are used to prepare warp yarns.
  • the warp density of the fabric is 504 threads/10cm, and the weft density is 237 threads/10cm.
  • a kind of washable carbonized film drop-free fabric The fabric consists of polyamide ester fiber, cotton fiber and polyester fiber.
  • the content of the polyamide ester fiber is 65.1wt%.
  • the polyamide ester fiber is made of terephthalic acid. It is prepared by copolymerizing , dodecanediol and caprolactam. The number ratio of ester bonds and amide bonds in the polyamide ester fiber is 13.4:1.
  • the length of the polyamide ester fiber is 38mm, and the linear density is 1.56dtex.
  • the polyamide ester fiber has an elongation at break of 48% and a conventional moisture regain of 0.6%.
  • the melting point of the polyamide ester fiber is 248°C, the melting crystallization temperature is 186°C, and the limiting oxygen index LOI is 21.9%.
  • the fabric is produced by warp and weft knitting.
  • the polyamide ester fibers, cotton fibers and polyester fibers are used to prepare weft yarns, and the polyamide ester fibers and polyester fibers are used to prepare warp yarns.
  • the warp density of the fabric is 394 threads/10cm, and the weft density is 208 threads/10cm.
  • the fabrics in the third and fifth embodiments both meet the standard in terms of the droplet-free performance of the initial carbonized film and the droplet-free performance of the carbonized film after 50 times of water washing, that is, the fly ash floating ratio is ⁇ 3%.
  • blended fabrics composed of polyamide ester fiber, cotton fiber and polyester fiber all have a basic drip-free effect.

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  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明属于混纺面料技术领域，尤其涉及一种耐洗碳化膜无熔滴面料。本发明的面料，其混纺纤维包括聚酰胺酯纤维、棉纤维以及聚酯纤维，聚酰胺酯纤维的含量为54.2-62.5wt%，聚酰胺酯纤维由对苯二甲酸、十二烷二醇以及己内酰胺共聚制得，聚酰胺酯纤维中酯键和酰胺键的数量比为（10.2-15.5）:1，最终面料具有碳化膜无熔滴、不易飞灰的特点，而且多次水洗后碳化膜无熔滴功能仍然高效保持。

Description

耐洗碳化膜无熔滴面料 技术领域
本发明属于混纺面料技术领域，尤其涉及一种耐洗碳化膜无熔滴面料。
 背景技术
面料在燃烧后，根据燃烧产物形态的不同，可以分为熔滴面料和无熔滴面料。众所周知，聚酯纤维燃烧后有熔滴，天然纤维燃烧后碳化无熔滴。国际上好多国家都有无熔滴面料的研发与生产，例如日本使用腈纶类纤维使面料达到无熔滴，欧洲或是国内也有使用维伦以达到无熔滴的效果。
其中，前者熔滴状的燃烧产物会紧紧地贴在皮肤上，造成严重的二次伤害，这是十分危险的，所以无熔滴面料用于石油、化工、粉尘等易燃易爆救火、高温作业、应急训练等行业及场合。
其次，同样是无熔滴面料，还可以再分，例如飞灰无熔滴面料，以及碳化膜无熔滴面料，前者的燃烧灰烬会在空中飞起来，在爆炸、火灾等危险场合，虽然不会因熔融滴落造成二次伤害，不过也会让皮肤直接暴露在高温的火焰环境下。
而后者就相对较优了，其可以碳化成膜，在爆炸、火灾等危险场合，既不会因熔融滴落造成二次伤害，而且对环境的热伤害具有部分隔绝作用。
 技术问题
但是另一方面，现有的无熔滴面料，主要还是把研发重心放在面料的燃烧无熔融效果上，还没有在无熔滴碳化成膜的面料领域有所关注与突破，个别的碳化成膜面料也只能耐洗1-2次，然后就丧失燃烧碳化成膜性能了。
专利公开号为CN107177979A，公告日为2017.09.19的中国发明专利公开了一种无熔滴阻燃涤纶纤维/织物及其制备方法，其特征是在阻燃涤纶纤维/织物的外表面浸渍含有阻燃剂、交联剂的胶液，通过电子束辐照在织物上接枝引入阻燃剂和交联剂形成表层材料；先用水蒸汽汽蒸,再经皂洗、漂洗和干燥，制得增重质量百分比为5～35%的所述无熔滴阻燃涤纶纤维/织物。
但是该发明专利中的无熔滴阻燃涤纶纤维/织物，其采用了大量阻燃剂来实现足够的无熔滴阻燃效果，因此织物本身贴身穿着的体验就很差了。
而且更重要的是，其无熔滴效果恰恰就是飞灰无熔滴，面料燃烧后，皮肤就直接暴露了，仍然是极其危险的。
所以综上所述，现在急需一种碳化成膜无熔滴功能长期有效的新型面料，至少多次水洗之后碳化成膜无熔滴功能不能显著降低。
 技术解决方案
本发明的目的是提供一种耐洗碳化膜无熔滴面料，其混纺纤维包括聚酰胺酯纤维、棉纤维以及聚酯纤维，聚酰胺酯纤维的含量为54.2-62.5wt%，聚酰胺酯纤维由对苯二甲酸、十二烷二醇以及己内酰胺共聚制得，聚酰胺酯纤维中酯键和酰胺键的数量比为（10.2-15.5）:1，最终面料具有碳化膜无熔滴、不易飞灰的特点，而且多次水洗后碳化膜无熔滴功能仍然高效保持。
本发明解决上述问题采用的技术方案是：耐洗碳化膜无熔滴面料，面料组成包括聚酰胺酯纤维、棉纤维以及聚酯纤维，所述聚酰胺酯纤维的含量为54.2-62.5wt%，所述聚酰胺酯纤维由对苯二甲酸、十二烷二醇以及己内酰胺共聚制得，所述聚酰胺酯纤维中酯键和酰胺键的数量比为（10.2-15.5）:1。
在本发明中，聚酯纤维也就是涤纶，其自身就具有初步的耐水洗优点，而棉纤维是天然纤维，其自身则具有初步的无熔滴优点，申请人通过定量引入特定组分的聚酰胺酯纤维的方式来达到以下两个目的。
第一、将普通的无熔滴效果，提升为碳化膜无熔滴，在爆炸、火灾等危险场合，既不会因熔融滴落造成二次伤害，而且对环境的热伤害具有部分隔绝作用，即不易飞灰。
第二、不仅仅要碳化膜无熔滴，而且是至少50次水洗之后，碳化膜无熔滴功能仍然高效保持，不能有显著退化。
进一步优选的技术方案在于：所述聚酰胺酯纤维的含量为56.6wt%，所述聚酰胺酯纤维中酯键和酰胺键的数量比为14.6:1。
在本发明中，申请人发现上述56.6wt%含量、14.6:1比例的特定聚酰胺酯纤维在用于编织制得面料后，该面料具有无熔滴碳化成膜性能，和多次水洗后无熔滴碳化成膜性能降低幅度这两个指标综合最佳的优点，即面料穿着初期，燃烧后成膜比例大，飞灰飘起比例低于2%，在经过50次水洗之后，面料燃烧的飞灰飘起比例仍然低于3%，即为碳化膜无熔滴功能长期有效。
进一步优选的技术方案在于：当所述聚酰胺酯纤维的含量为54.2-56.6wt%但不包括56.6wt%时，所述聚酰胺酯纤维中酯键和酰胺键的数量比为（10.2-14.6）:1但不包括14.6:1；当所述聚酰胺酯纤维的含量为56.6-62.5wt%时，所述聚酰胺酯纤维中酯键和酰胺键的数量比为（14.6-15.5）:1。
在本发明中，申请人发现当聚酰胺酯纤维的含量为54.2-56.6wt%但不包括56.6wt%时，此时若增大聚酰胺酯纤维中酯键和酰胺键的比例，则会导致多次水洗之后，碳化膜无熔滴效果显著退化，所以限定了上述14.6:1的最大酯键酰胺键比例。
另一方面，当聚酰胺酯纤维的含量为56.6-62.5wt%时，此时适当增大酯键酰胺键比例，可以在小幅降低碳化膜无熔滴性能耐水洗能力的前提下，明显提升初始面料的碳化成膜比例，尤其是在聚酰胺酯纤维的含量为56.6wt%、酯键酰胺键比例为14.6:1的这一组，其碳化成膜的比例是最高的，因此在本发明中，提高碳化成膜比例的考量优先级，是高于延长碳化成膜无熔滴性能有效期的。
进一步优选的技术方案在于：所述聚酰胺酯纤维的长度为38mm，线密度为1.33-1.56dtex。
进一步优选的技术方案在于：所述聚酰胺酯纤维的断裂伸长率为43-49%，公定回潮率为0.6-0.7%。
进一步优选的技术方案在于：所述聚酰胺酯纤维的熔点为245-248℃，熔融结晶温度为170-190℃，极限氧指数LOI为21.6-22.5%。
在本发明中，棉纤维自身具有基础的无熔滴效果，此时就要求所述聚酰胺酯纤维，也至少要具有相对基本、初级的无熔滴效果，因此限定聚酰胺酯纤维的长度、线密度如上，最终保证所述聚酰胺酯纤维具有极限氧指数LOI为21.6-22.5%的突出表现，最终不但不会给棉纤维的无熔滴效果“拖后腿”，而且反而将无熔滴效果进一步提升为碳化膜无熔滴，保证面料燃烧后不会大量飞灰。
进一步优选的技术方案在于：面料通过经纬编织的方式制得，所述聚酰胺酯纤维、棉纤维以及聚酯纤维制得纬纱，所述聚酰胺酯纤维以及聚酯纤维制得经纱。
进一步优选的技术方案在于：面料的经向密度为390-520根/10cm，纬向密度为200-280根/10cm。
进一步优选的技术方案在于：初始面料燃烧后的飞灰飘起比例≤2%，面料水洗50次后的燃烧飞灰飘起比例≤3%。
进一步优选的技术方案在于：面料在GB/T5455-1997标准下的极限氧指数为22-26%，在燃烧时无熔滴。
在本发明中，面料燃烧后飞灰飘起面积占整体面积的3%以内，保证不会有大量飘起的燃烧灰烬。
 有益效果
本发明具有以下优点。
第一、面料燃烧后无熔滴的样式为碳化膜无熔滴，碳化膜不易飞灰掉落，仍然可以覆盖皮肤，隔绝部分热量。
第二、面料水洗之前的碳化膜无熔滴性能十分突出，面料在50次水洗之后的碳化膜无熔滴性能仍然相对优秀，其碳化膜无熔滴性能可以长期有效。
第三、面料经纬编织方式简单方便，面料在消防救火、高温作业领域应用价值高。
 附图说明
图1为本发明中无熔滴面料燃烧后形成碳化膜的样式示意图。
图2为现有技术中无熔滴面料燃烧后飞灰的样式示意图。
图3为现有技术中有熔滴面料的燃烧样式示意图。
图4为本发明实施例、对比例中面料性能测试结果表格。
 本发明的实施方式
以下所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，非对本发明的范围进行限定。
实施例1
一种耐洗碳化膜无熔滴面料，面料组成包括聚酰胺酯纤维、棉纤维以及聚酯纤维，所述聚酰胺酯纤维的含量为56.6wt%，所述聚酰胺酯纤维由对苯二甲酸、十二烷二醇以及己内酰胺共聚制得，所述聚酰胺酯纤维中酯键和酰胺键的数量比为14.6:1。
其中，所述聚酰胺酯纤维的长度为38mm，线密度为1.56dtex。所述聚酰胺酯纤维的断裂伸长率为44%，公定回潮率为0.7%。所述聚酰胺酯纤维的熔点为246℃，熔融结晶温度为172℃，极限氧指数LOI为21.8%。
然后，面料通过经纬编织的方式制得，所述聚酰胺酯纤维、棉纤维以及聚酯纤维制得纬纱，所述聚酰胺酯纤维以及聚酯纤维制得经纱。面料的经向密度为512根/10cm，纬向密度为275根/10cm。
最后，对本实施例中的面料进行测试，测试项包括初始面料的燃烧飞灰飘起比例（%）、50次水洗后的面料燃烧飞灰飘起比例（%）、极限氧指数（%），以及燃烧熔滴情况，最终测试结果见附图4。
实施例2
一种耐洗碳化膜无熔滴面料，面料组成包括聚酰胺酯纤维、棉纤维以及聚酯纤维，所述聚酰胺酯纤维的含量为54.2wt%，所述聚酰胺酯纤维由对苯二甲酸、十二烷二醇以及己内酰胺共聚制得，所述聚酰胺酯纤维中酯键和酰胺键的数量比为10.2:1。
其中，所述聚酰胺酯纤维的长度为38mm，线密度为1.56dtex。所述聚酰胺酯纤维的断裂伸长率为43%，公定回潮率为0.6%。所述聚酰胺酯纤维的熔点为247℃，熔融结晶温度为171℃，极限氧指数LOI为21.9%。
然后，面料通过经纬编织的方式制得，所述聚酰胺酯纤维、棉纤维以及聚酯纤维制得纬纱，所述聚酰胺酯纤维以及聚酯纤维制得经纱。面料的经向密度为504根/10cm，纬向密度为237根/10cm。
最后，对本实施例中的面料进行测试，测试项包括初始面料的燃烧飞灰飘起比例（%）、50次水洗后的面料燃烧飞灰飘起比例（%）、极限氧指数（%），以及燃烧熔滴情况，最终测试结果见附图4。
实施例3
一种耐洗碳化膜无熔滴面料，面料组成包括聚酰胺酯纤维、棉纤维以及聚酯纤维，所述聚酰胺酯纤维的含量为62.5wt%，所述聚酰胺酯纤维由对苯二甲酸、十二烷二醇以及己内酰胺共聚制得，所述聚酰胺酯纤维中酯键和酰胺键的数量比为15.5:1。
其中，所述聚酰胺酯纤维的长度为38mm，线密度为1.56dtex。所述聚酰胺酯纤维的断裂伸长率为47%，公定回潮率为0.7%。所述聚酰胺酯纤维的熔点为248℃，熔融结晶温度为185℃，极限氧指数LOI为22.2%。
然后，面料通过经纬编织的方式制得，所述聚酰胺酯纤维、棉纤维以及聚酯纤维制得纬纱，所述聚酰胺酯纤维以及聚酯纤维制得经纱。面料的经向密度为394根/10cm，纬向密度为208根/10cm。
最后，对本实施例中的面料进行测试，测试项包括初始面料的燃烧飞灰飘起比例（%）、50次水洗后的面料燃烧飞灰飘起比例（%）、极限氧指数（%），以及燃烧熔滴情况，最终测试结果见附图4。
实施例4
一种耐洗碳化膜无熔滴面料，面料组成包括聚酰胺酯纤维、棉纤维以及聚酯纤维，所述聚酰胺酯纤维的含量为55.9wt%，所述聚酰胺酯纤维由对苯二甲酸、十二烷二醇以及己内酰胺共聚制得，所述聚酰胺酯纤维中酯键和酰胺键的数量比为12.5:1。
其中，所述聚酰胺酯纤维的长度为38mm，线密度为1.56dtex。所述聚酰胺酯纤维的断裂伸长率为49%，公定回潮率为0.7%。所述聚酰胺酯纤维的熔点为248℃，熔融结晶温度为188℃，极限氧指数LOI为22.0%。
然后，面料通过经纬编织的方式制得，所述聚酰胺酯纤维、棉纤维以及聚酯纤维制得纬纱，所述聚酰胺酯纤维以及聚酯纤维制得经纱。面料的经向密度为475根/10cm，纬向密度为236根/10cm。
最后，对本实施例中的面料进行测试，测试项包括初始面料的燃烧飞灰飘起比例（%）、50次水洗后的面料燃烧飞灰飘起比例（%）、极限氧指数（%），以及燃烧熔滴情况，最终测试结果见附图4。
实施例5
一种耐洗碳化膜无熔滴面料，面料组成包括聚酰胺酯纤维、棉纤维以及聚酯纤维，所述聚酰胺酯纤维的含量为58.2wt%，所述聚酰胺酯纤维由对苯二甲酸、十二烷二醇以及己内酰胺共聚制得，所述聚酰胺酯纤维中酯键和酰胺键的数量比为14.7:1。
其中，所述聚酰胺酯纤维的长度为38mm，线密度为1.33dtex。所述聚酰胺酯纤维的断裂伸长率为45%，公定回潮率为0.7%。所述聚酰胺酯纤维的熔点为248℃，熔融结晶温度为188℃，极限氧指数LOI为22.3%。
然后，面料通过经纬编织的方式制得，所述聚酰胺酯纤维、棉纤维以及聚酯纤维制得纬纱，所述聚酰胺酯纤维以及聚酯纤维制得经纱。面料的经向密度为475根/10cm，纬向密度为236根/10cm。
最后，对本实施例中的面料进行测试，测试项包括初始面料的燃烧飞灰飘起比例（%）、50次水洗后的面料燃烧飞灰飘起比例（%）、极限氧指数（%），以及燃烧熔滴情况，最终测试结果见附图4。
对比例1
一种耐洗碳化膜无熔滴面料，面料组成包括聚酰胺酯纤维、棉纤维以及聚酯纤维，所述聚酰胺酯纤维的含量为53.0wt%，所述聚酰胺酯纤维由对苯二甲酸、十二烷二醇以及己内酰胺共聚制得，所述聚酰胺酯纤维中酯键和酰胺键的数量比为9.8:1。
其中，所述聚酰胺酯纤维的长度为38mm，线密度为1.56dtex。所述聚酰胺酯纤维的断裂伸长率为47%，公定回潮率为0.7%。所述聚酰胺酯纤维的熔点为246℃，熔融结晶温度为182℃，极限氧指数LOI为22.0%。
然后，面料通过经纬编织的方式制得，所述聚酰胺酯纤维、棉纤维以及聚酯纤维制得纬纱，所述聚酰胺酯纤维以及聚酯纤维制得经纱。面料的经向密度为512根/10cm，纬向密度为275根/10cm。
最后，对本实施例中的面料进行测试，测试项包括初始面料的燃烧飞灰飘起比例（%）、50次水洗后的面料燃烧飞灰飘起比例（%）、极限氧指数（%），以及燃烧熔滴情况，最终测试结果见附图4。
对比例2
一种耐洗碳化膜无熔滴面料，面料组成包括聚酰胺酯纤维、棉纤维以及聚酯纤维，所述聚酰胺酯纤维的含量为54.9wt%，所述聚酰胺酯纤维由对苯二甲酸、十二烷二醇以及己内酰胺共聚制得，所述聚酰胺酯纤维中酯键和酰胺键的数量比为18.0:1。
其中，所述聚酰胺酯纤维的长度为38mm，线密度为1.56dtex。所述聚酰胺酯纤维的断裂伸长率为48%，公定回潮率为0.7%。所述聚酰胺酯纤维的熔点为245℃，熔融结晶温度为185℃，极限氧指数LOI为21.7%。
然后，面料通过经纬编织的方式制得，所述聚酰胺酯纤维、棉纤维以及聚酯纤维制得纬纱，所述聚酰胺酯纤维以及聚酯纤维制得经纱。面料的经向密度为504根/10cm，纬向密度为237根/10cm。
最后，对本实施例中的面料进行测试，测试项包括初始面料的燃烧飞灰飘起比例（%）、50次水洗后的面料燃烧飞灰飘起比例（%）、极限氧指数（%），以及燃烧熔滴情况，最终测试结果见附图4。
对比例3
一种耐洗碳化膜无熔滴面料，面料组成包括聚酰胺酯纤维、棉纤维以及聚酯纤维，所述聚酰胺酯纤维的含量为65.1wt%，所述聚酰胺酯纤维由对苯二甲酸、十二烷二醇以及己内酰胺共聚制得，所述聚酰胺酯纤维中酯键和酰胺键的数量比为13.4:1。
其中，所述聚酰胺酯纤维的长度为38mm，线密度为1.56dtex。所述聚酰胺酯纤维的断裂伸长率为48%，公定回潮率为0.6%。所述聚酰胺酯纤维的熔点为248℃，熔融结晶温度为186℃，极限氧指数LOI为21.9%。
然后，面料通过经纬编织的方式制得，所述聚酰胺酯纤维、棉纤维以及聚酯纤维制得纬纱，所述聚酰胺酯纤维以及聚酯纤维制得经纱。面料的经向密度为394根/10cm，纬向密度为208根/10cm。
最后，对本实施例中的面料进行测试，测试项包括初始面料的燃烧飞灰飘起比例（%）、50次水洗后的面料燃烧飞灰飘起比例（%）、极限氧指数（%），以及燃烧熔滴情况，最终测试结果见附图4。
需要说明的是，在燃烧测试过程中，所有面料都一分为二，一半用于测试初始燃烧测试，另一半在经过50次水洗、晾干后，再进行燃烧测试。
结合上述5个实施例、3个对比例，以及4张附图说明，可以得出以下结论。
第一、总共3个对比例，一个是聚酰胺酯纤维中酯键和酰胺键的比例过低，第二个是上述比例过高，最后一个是聚酰胺酯纤维的含量过高，最终都导致了初始面料的燃烧飞灰飘起比例过高，即碳化膜无熔滴性能不达标。
第二、50次水洗后，面料的碳化膜无熔滴性能都是有所降低的，不可能性能提升。
第三、5个实施例中的面料无论是初始碳化膜无熔滴性能，还是50次水洗后的碳化膜无熔滴性能，都是达标的，即≤3%的飞灰飘起比例。
第四、聚酰胺酯纤维、棉纤维以及聚酯纤维这三者组成的混纺面料，都是具有基础的无熔滴效果的。
上面结合附图对本发明的实施方式作了详细说明，但是本发明不限于上述实施方式，在所述技术领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下做出各种修改。这些都是不具有创造性的修改，只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。

Claims (10)

  1. 耐洗碳化膜无熔滴面料，面料组成包括聚酰胺酯纤维、棉纤维以及聚酯纤维，其特征在于：所述聚酰胺酯纤维的含量为54.2-62.5wt%，所述聚酰胺酯纤维由对苯二甲酸、十二烷二醇以及己内酰胺共聚制得，所述聚酰胺酯纤维中酯键和酰胺键的数量比为（10.2-15.5）:1。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的耐洗碳化膜无熔滴面料，其特征在于：所述聚酰胺酯纤维的含量为56.6wt%，所述聚酰胺酯纤维中酯键和酰胺键的数量比为14.6:1。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的耐洗碳化膜无熔滴面料，其特征在于：当所述聚酰胺酯纤维的含量为54.2-56.6wt%但不包括56.6wt%时，所述聚酰胺酯纤维中酯键和酰胺键的数量比为（10.2-14.6）:1但不包括14.6:1；当所述聚酰胺酯纤维的含量为56.6-62.5wt%时，所述聚酰胺酯纤维中酯键和酰胺键的数量比为（14.6-15.5）:1。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的耐洗碳化膜无熔滴面料，其特征在于：所述聚酰胺酯纤维的长度为38mm，线密度为1.33-1.56dtex。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的耐洗碳化膜无熔滴面料，其特征在于：所述聚酰胺酯纤维的断裂伸长率为43-49%，公定回潮率为0.6-0.7%。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的耐洗碳化膜无熔滴面料，其特征在于：所述聚酰胺酯纤维的熔点为245-248℃，熔融结晶温度为170-190℃，极限氧指数LOI为21.6-22.5%。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的耐洗碳化膜无熔滴面料，其特征在于：面料通过经纬编织的方式制得，所述聚酰胺酯纤维、棉纤维以及聚酯纤维制得纬纱，所述聚酰胺酯纤维以及聚酯纤维制得经纱。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的耐洗碳化膜无熔滴面料，其特征在于：面料的经向密度为390-520根/10cm，纬向密度为200-280根/10cm。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的耐洗碳化膜无熔滴面料，其特征在于：初始面料燃烧后的飞灰飘起比例≤2%，面料水洗50次后的燃烧飞灰飘起比例≤3%。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的耐洗碳化膜无熔滴面料，其特征在于：面料在GB/T5455-1997标准下的极限氧指数为22-26%，在燃烧时无熔滴。
PCT/CN2022/126661 2022-06-20 2022-10-21 耐洗碳化膜无熔滴面料 WO2023245935A1 (zh)

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