CN114889234B - 一种用于复杂环境下的含玄武岩纤维防护服的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于复杂环境下的含玄武岩纤维防护服的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114889234B
CN114889234B CN202210469599.8A CN202210469599A CN114889234B CN 114889234 B CN114889234 B CN 114889234B CN 202210469599 A CN202210469599 A CN 202210469599A CN 114889234 B CN114889234 B CN 114889234B
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fiber
basalt
mass
protective clothing
mixed
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CN114889234A (zh
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李震
徐栋
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Beijing Continuous Basalt Fiber Technology Co ltd
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Xingan League Shiyuan Basalt Fiber Engineering Technology Research Institute
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    • A41D13/0002—Details of protective garments not provided for in groups A41D13/0007 - A41D13/1281
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于复杂环境下的含玄武岩纤维防护服的制备方法，所述防护服的面料包括，表面层，内层以及中间层，其中所述方法包括：分别制备表面层，内层以及中间层，然后由表面层和内层夹持中间层通过热熔胶复合热压粘合，所述防护服具有较高的抗渗水性，较低的热收缩率和较高的热防护性能。

Description

一种用于复杂环境下的含玄武岩纤维防护服的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于复杂环境下的含玄武岩纤维防护服的制备方法。
背景技术
防护服种类包括消防防护服、工业用防护服、医疗款防护服、军用防护服和特殊人群使用防护服。防护服主要应用于消防、军工、船舶、石油、化工、喷漆、清洗消毒、实验室等行业与部门。
耐高温防护服是对在高温或超高温条件下工作的人员进行安全保护、从而避免热源对人体造成伤害的各种保护性服装，要求具有阻燃性、拒液性、燃烧时无熔滴产生、遇热时能够保持服装的完整性和穿着舒适性等特性。耐高温防护服广泛用于石油、化工、冶金、造船、消防、国防以及有明火、散发火花、熔融金属和有易燃物质的场所。
现有的高温作业场所使用的防护服主要有以下几类。一类是铝膜复合面料制成，一类是阻燃纤维与普通纤维混纺的阻燃隔热防护服。铝膜复合防护服的热辐射性能好，但是铝本身并不耐高温，对熔融金属不能起到防护作用，这种防护服也存在透气性差的缺点，因此防护功能性和舒适性都不能满足要求。混纺面料制成的防护服只能作为普通的阻燃防护使用，不能适应一些特殊的高温作业场所。
本发明的目的是提供一种用于复杂环境下的含玄武岩纤维防护服，其具有较高的抗渗水性，较低的热收缩率和较高的拉伸强度和耐腐蚀性能，具有良好的防护功能性和舒适性。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种用于复杂环境下的含玄武岩纤维防护服的制备方法，所述防护服的面料包括，表面层，内层以及中间层，其中所述方法包括：分别制备表面层，内层以及中间层，然后由表面层和内层夹持中间层通过热熔胶复合热压粘合，所述防护服具有较高的抗渗水性，较低的热收缩率和较高的热防护性能。
一种用于复杂环境下的含玄武岩纤维防护服的制备方法，其特征在于具体制备步骤为：
1)将聚酯纤维、碳纤维、氟硅橡胶纤维和尼龙纤维以质量比65-80:15-20:15-20:40-50混纺制成面料，作为防护服的表面层；
2)将棉纤维、改性玄武岩纤维、玻璃纤维和维纶纤维以质量比25-30:50-60:15-20:40-50混纺制成面料，作为防护服的中间层；
3)将尼龙纤维，羊毛纤维、棉纤维以质量比50-60:20-30:20-40混纺制成面料，作为防护服的内层；
4)将所述中间层经过浸润剂浸润后干燥，然后将表面层，干燥后的中间层和内层通过热熔胶复合粘合；所述浸润液包括硅烷偶联剂KH-550，硅酸钾，纳米氧化铝，聚醋酸乙烯，硬脂酸聚氧乙烯酯，聚己二酸乙二醇基聚氨酯和磷酸乙二胺。
进一步的，其中所述改性玄武岩纤维由以下步骤制备得到：
1)将玄武岩矿石，磷酸钡和氯化钙进行粉碎混合处理，过筛，得到混合玄武岩颗粒；将混合颗粒进行熔融，待玄武岩颗粒完全融化后，形成纺丝熔液；将纺丝熔液进行拉丝，得到玄武岩纤维原丝；
2)对玄武岩纤维原丝进行降温冷却，冷却过程中通入碳源气体与氢气的混合气体，冷却至室温，得到石墨化碳包覆的改性玄武岩纤维。
进一步的，其中步骤1为：将玄武岩矿石，磷酸钡和氯化钙以质量比100:2-3:1-2的比例进行粉碎混合处理，过筛，得到粒径为300-500微米的混合玄武岩颗粒；将混合颗粒在1300-1500℃的温度下进行熔融，待玄武岩颗粒完全融化后，形成纺丝熔液；将纺丝熔液进行拉丝，得到直径为10-30μm的玄武岩纤维原丝。
进一步的，其中步骤2为：对玄武岩纤维原丝进行冷却，冷却速度为30-60℃/min，通入乙炔、乙烯或甲烷中的至少一种碳源气体与氢气的混合气体，碳源气体的气流量为200-400ml/min，氢气的流量为50-100ml/min，冷却至室温，得到石墨化碳包覆的玄武岩纤维。
进一步的，其中步骤4为：在搅拌下，依次将1.5-2质量份硅烷偶联剂KH-550，0.5-1.0质量份硅酸钾，1.5-2.0质量份纳米氧化铝，0.2-0.5质量份聚醋酸乙烯，1.5-1.8质量份硬脂酸聚氧乙烯酯，1-2质量份聚己二酸乙二醇基聚氨酯，2-3质量份磷酸乙二胺加入到甘油与去离子水的体积比为2:1的混合溶液中，加热搅拌至完全溶解，待其冷却至室温，得到浸润液；将中间层浸入到所述浸润液中浸润；取出烘干，然后将表面层，中间层和内层通过热熔胶复合粘合。
进一步的，一种用于复杂环境下的含玄武岩纤维防护服，所述防护服由所述的方法制备得到。
本发明的有益技术效果
1)防护服采用三层材质通过热熔胶粘接而成，而其中作为表层主要是防污性能，内层起到穿着的舒适性能，而中间层作为功能层，主要起到防止热收缩和热防护性能；而中间层中的玄武岩纤维为发明人自制的改性玄武岩纤维，对于提升防护服的性能起到了至关重要的作用；
2)本发明在制备玄武岩纤维的过程中加入了磷酸钡和氯化钙，其中钡离子钙离子和玄武岩纤维中的铁离子能够在随后的碳前驱体包覆碳化的过程中共同催化碳源进行裂解，在低温条件下，在玄武岩表面直接沉积低缺陷的石墨化碳，从而提高玄武岩纤维的表面活性，能够在其后的浸润剂表面处理的过程中在玄武岩纤维的表面接枝更多的活性基团，提高玄武岩纤维的机械强度以及在涂料中的分散能力；
3)由硅烷偶联剂KH-550，硅酸钾，纳米氧化铝，聚醋酸乙烯，硬脂酸聚氧乙烯酯，聚己二酸乙二醇基聚氨酯，磷酸乙二胺构成的浸润剂既能有效地润滑玄武岩纤维表面，快速在纤维表面接枝大量活性基团，提高了玄武岩纤维与其他材料之间的化学键接能力，又能将数百根乃至数千跟玄武岩单丝集成一束，实现了玄武岩纤维力学性能的提高；并且浸润剂能够使棉纤维和维纶纤维保持了较高的热变形保持能力，提高了耐高温性能。
实施例
列举实施例和比较例对本发明进行更具体的说明，但本发明在不超出其主旨的范围内并不受这些实施例的限制。
实施例1
1)将聚酯纤维、碳纤维、氟硅橡胶纤维和尼龙纤维以质量比65:15:15:40混纺制成面料，作为防护服的表面层；
2)将棉纤维、改性玄武岩纤维、玻璃纤维和维纶纤维以质量比25:50:15:40混纺制成面料，作为防护服的中间层；所述改性玄武岩纤维由以下工艺制备得到：将玄武岩矿石，磷酸钡和氯化钙以质量比100:2:1的比例进行粉碎混合处理，过筛，得到粒径为300微米的混合玄武岩颗粒；将混合颗粒在1300℃的温度下进行熔融，待玄武岩颗粒完全融化后，形成纺丝熔液；将纺丝熔液进行拉丝，得到直径为10μm的玄武岩纤维原丝；对玄武岩纤维原丝进行冷却，冷却速度为40℃/min，通入乙炔碳源气体与氢气的混合气体，碳源气体的气流量为300ml/min，氢气的流量为80ml/min，冷却至室温，得到石墨化碳包覆的改性玄武岩纤维。
3)将尼龙纤维，羊毛纤维、棉纤维以质量比50:20:20混纺制成面料，作为防护服的内层；
4)在搅拌下，依次将1.5质量份硅烷偶联剂KH-550，0.5质量份硅酸钾，1.5质量份纳米氧化铝，0.2质量份聚醋酸乙烯，1.5质量份硬脂酸聚氧乙烯酯，1质量份聚己二酸乙二醇基聚氨酯，2质量份磷酸乙二胺加入到甘油与去离子水的体积比为2:1的混合溶液中，加热搅拌至完全溶解，待其冷却至室温，得到浸润液；中间层浸入到浸润液中浸润30min；取出烘干，将表面层，烘干的中间层和内层通过热熔胶复合粘合。
实施例2
1)将聚酯纤维、碳纤维、氟硅橡胶纤维和尼龙纤维以质量比80:20:20:50混纺制成面料，作为防护服的表面层；
2)将棉纤维、改性玄武岩纤维、玻璃纤维和维纶纤维以质量比30:60:20:50混纺制成面料，作为防护服的中间层；所述改性玄武岩纤维由以下工艺制备得到，将玄武岩矿石，磷酸钡和氯化钙以质量比100:3:2的比例进行粉碎混合处理，过筛，得到粒径为500微米的混合玄武岩颗粒；将混合颗粒在1500℃的温度下进行熔融，待玄武岩颗粒完全融化后，形成纺丝熔液；将纺丝熔液进行拉丝，得到直径为30μm的玄武岩纤维原丝，对玄武岩纤维原丝进行冷却，冷却速度为40℃/min，通入乙炔碳源气体与氢气的混合气体，碳源气体的气流量为300ml/min，氢气的流量为80ml/min，冷却至室温，得到石墨化碳包覆的改性玄武岩纤维。
3)将尼龙纤维，羊毛纤维、棉纤维以质量比60:30:40混纺制成面料，作为防护服的内层；
4)在搅拌下，依次将2质量份硅烷偶联剂KH-550，1.0质量份硅酸钾，2.0质量份纳米氧化铝，0.5质量份聚醋酸乙烯，1.8质量份硬脂酸聚氧乙烯酯，2质量份聚己二酸乙二醇基聚氨酯，3质量份磷酸乙二胺加入到甘油与去离子水的体积比为2:1的混合溶液中，加热搅拌至完全溶解，待其冷却至室温，得到浸润液；将中间层浸润到浸润液中浸润30min；取出烘干，将表面层，烘干的中间层和内层通过热熔胶复合粘合。
实施例3
1)将聚酯纤维、碳纤维、氟硅橡胶纤维和尼龙纤维以质量比70:18:18:45混纺制成面料，作为防护服的表面层；
2)将棉纤维、改性玄武岩纤维、玻璃纤维和维纶纤维以质量比30:55:18:45混纺制成面料，作为防护服的中间层；所述改性玄武岩纤维由以下工艺制备得到，将玄武岩矿石，磷酸钡和氯化钙以质量比100:3:2的比例进行粉碎混合处理，过筛，得到粒径为400微米的混合玄武岩颗粒；将混合颗粒在1400℃的温度下进行熔融，待玄武岩颗粒完全融化后，形成纺丝熔液；将纺丝熔液进行拉丝，得到直径为20μm的玄武岩纤维原丝，对玄武岩纤维原丝进行冷却，冷却速度为40℃/min，通入乙炔碳源气体与氢气的混合气体，碳源气体的气流量为300ml/min，氢气的流量为80ml/min，冷却至室温，得到石墨化碳包覆的改性玄武岩纤维。
3)将尼龙纤维，羊毛纤维、棉纤维以质量比55:25:30混纺制成面料，作为防护服的内层；
4)在搅拌下，依次将1.5质量份硅烷偶联剂KH-550，0.8质量份硅酸钾，1.6质量份纳米氧化铝，0.4质量份聚醋酸乙烯，1.6质量份硬脂酸聚氧乙烯酯，2质量份聚己二酸乙二醇基聚氨酯，2质量份磷酸乙二胺加入到甘油与去离子水的体积比为2:1的混合溶液中，加热搅拌至完全溶解，待其冷却至室温，得到浸润液；将中间层浸润到浸润液中浸润30min；取出烘干，将表面层，干燥的中间层和内层通过热熔胶复合粘合。
对比例1
1)将聚酯纤维、碳纤维、氟硅橡胶纤维和尼龙纤维以质量比70:18:18:45混纺制成面料，作为防护服的表面层；
2)将棉纤维、改性玄武岩纤维、玻璃纤维和维纶纤维以质量比30:55:18:45混纺制成面料，作为防护服的中间层；所述改性玄武岩纤维由以下工艺制备得到，将玄武岩矿石进行粉碎混合处理，过筛，得到粒径为400微米的混合玄武岩颗粒；将混合颗粒在1400℃的温度下进行熔融，待玄武岩颗粒完全融化后，形成纺丝熔液；将纺丝熔液进行拉丝，得到直径为20μm的玄武岩纤维原丝，对玄武岩纤维原丝进行冷却，冷却速度为40℃/min，通入乙炔碳源气体与氢气的混合气体，碳源气体的气流量为300ml/min，氢气的流量为80ml/min，冷却至室温，得到石墨化碳包覆的改性玄武岩纤维。
3)将尼龙纤维，羊毛纤维、棉纤维以质量比55:25:30混纺制成面料，作为防护服的内层；
4)在搅拌下，依次将1.5质量份硅烷偶联剂KH-550，0.8质量份硅酸钾，1.6质量份纳米氧化铝，0.4质量份聚醋酸乙烯，1.6质量份硬脂酸聚氧乙烯酯，2质量份聚己二酸乙二醇基聚氨酯，2质量份磷酸乙二胺加入到甘油与去离子水的体积比为2:1的混合溶液中，加热搅拌至完全溶解，待其冷却至室温，得到浸润液；将中间层浸润到浸润液中浸润30min；取出烘干，将表面层，中间层和内层通过热熔胶复合粘合。
对比例2
1)将聚酯纤维、碳纤维、氟硅橡胶纤维和尼龙纤维以质量比70:18:18:45混纺制成面料，作为防护服的表面层；
2)将棉纤维、玄武岩纤维、玻璃纤维和维纶纤维以质量比30:55:18:45混纺制成面料，作为防护服的中间层；所述玄武岩纤维由以下工艺制备得到，将玄武岩矿石，磷酸钡和氯化钙以质量比100:3:2的比例进行粉碎混合处理，过筛，得到粒径为400微米的混合玄武岩颗粒；将混合颗粒在1400℃的温度下进行熔融，待玄武岩颗粒完全融化后，形成纺丝熔液；将纺丝熔液进行拉丝，得到直径为20μm的玄武岩纤维原丝，对玄武岩纤维原丝进行冷却至室温。
3)将尼龙纤维，羊毛纤维、棉纤维以质量比55:25:30混纺制成面料，作为防护服的内层；
4)在搅拌下，依次将1.5质量份硅烷偶联剂KH-550，0.8质量份硅酸钾，1.6质量份纳米氧化铝，0.4质量份聚醋酸乙烯，1.6质量份硬脂酸聚氧乙烯酯，2质量份聚己二酸乙二醇基聚氨酯，2质量份磷酸乙二胺加入到甘油与去离子水的体积比为2:1的混合溶液中，加热搅拌至完全溶解，待其冷却至室温，得到浸润液；将中间层浸润到浸润液中浸润30min；取出烘干，得到改性玄武岩纤维；将表面层，中间层和内层通过热熔胶复合粘合。
对比例3
1)将聚酯纤维、碳纤维、氟硅橡胶纤维和尼龙纤维以质量比70:18:18:45混纺制成面料，作为防护服的表面层；
2)将棉纤维、改性玄武岩纤维、玻璃纤维和维纶纤维以质量比30:55:18:45混纺制成面料，作为防护服的中间层；所述改性玄武岩纤维由以下工艺制备得到，将玄武岩矿石，磷酸钡和氯化钙以质量比100:3:2的比例进行粉碎混合处理，过筛，得到粒径为400微米的混合玄武岩颗粒；将混合颗粒在1400℃的温度下进行熔融，待玄武岩颗粒完全融化后，形成纺丝熔液；将纺丝熔液进行拉丝，得到直径为20μm的玄武岩纤维原丝，对玄武岩纤维原丝进行冷却，冷却速度为40℃/min，通入乙炔碳源气体与氢气的混合气体，碳源气体的气流量为300ml/min，氢气的流量为80ml/min，冷却至室温，得到石墨化碳包覆的改性玄武岩纤维。
3)将尼龙纤维，羊毛纤维、棉纤维以质量比55:25:30混纺制成面料，作为防护服的内层；
4)将表面层，中间层和内层通过热熔胶复合粘合。
对比例4
1)将聚酯纤维、碳纤维、氟硅橡胶纤维和尼龙纤维以质量比70:18:18:45混纺制成面料，作为防护服的表面层；
2)将棉纤维、改性玄武岩纤维、玻璃纤维和维纶纤维以质量比30:55:18:45混纺制成面料，作为防护服的中间层；所述改性玄武岩纤维由以下工艺制备得到，将玄武岩矿石，磷酸钡和氯化钙以质量比100:3:2的比例进行粉碎混合处理，过筛，得到粒径为400微米的混合玄武岩颗粒；将混合颗粒在1400℃的温度下进行熔融，待玄武岩颗粒完全融化后，形成纺丝熔液；将纺丝熔液进行拉丝，得到直径为20μm的玄武岩纤维原丝，对玄武岩纤维原丝进行冷却，冷却速度为40℃/min，通入乙炔碳源气体，碳源气体的气流量为300ml/min，冷却至室温，得到石墨化碳包覆的改性玄武岩纤维。
3)将尼龙纤维，羊毛纤维、棉纤维以质量比55:25:30混纺制成面料，作为防护服的内层；
4)在搅拌下，依次将1.5质量份硅烷偶联剂KH-550，0.8质量份硅酸钾，1.6质量份纳米氧化铝，0.4质量份聚醋酸乙烯，1.6质量份硬脂酸聚氧乙烯酯，2质量份聚己二酸乙二醇基聚氨酯，2质量份磷酸乙二胺加入到甘油与去离子水的体积比为2:1的混合溶液中，加热搅拌至完全溶解，待其冷却至室温，得到浸润液；将中间层浸润到浸润液中浸润30min；取出烘干，将表面层，中间层和内层通过热熔胶复合粘合。
对比例5
1)将聚酯纤维、碳纤维、氟硅橡胶纤维和尼龙纤维以质量比70:18:18:45混纺制成面料，作为防护服的表面层；
2)将棉纤维、改性玄武岩纤维、玻璃纤维和维纶纤维以质量比30:55:18:45混纺制成面料，作为防护服的中间层；所述改性玄武岩纤维由以下工艺制备得到，将玄武岩矿石，磷酸钡和氯化钙以质量比100:3:2的比例进行粉碎混合处理，过筛，得到粒径为400微米的混合玄武岩颗粒；将混合颗粒在1400℃的温度下进行熔融，待玄武岩颗粒完全融化后，形成纺丝熔液；将纺丝熔液进行拉丝，得到直径为20μm的玄武岩纤维原丝，对玄武岩纤维原丝进行冷却，冷却速度为40℃/min，通入乙炔碳源气体与氢气的混合气体，碳源气体的气流量为300ml/min，氢气的流量为80ml/min，冷却至室温，得到石墨化碳包覆的改性玄武岩纤维。
3)将尼龙纤维，羊毛纤维、棉纤维以质量比55:25:30混纺制成面料，作为防护服的内层；
4)在搅拌下，依次将1.5质量份硅烷偶联剂KH-550，1.6质量份硬脂酸聚氧乙烯酯，2质量份磷酸乙二胺加入到甘油与去离子水的体积比为2:1的混合溶液中，加热搅拌至完全溶解，待其冷却至室温，得到浸润液；将中间层浸润到浸润液中浸润30min；取出烘干，将表面层，干燥的中间层和内层通过热熔胶复合粘合。
实验效果
耐高温防护服面料性能测试
由表1可见，添加不同的玄武岩纤维后，防护服的抗渗水性能基本上不收影响，主要影响的是防护服的抗热收缩性能以及热防护性能，选择本发明的改性玄武岩的防护服，具有更低的热收缩率以及更高的热防护性能。
尽管本发明的内容已经通过上述优选实施例作了详细介绍，但是应当认识到上述的描述不应被认为是对本发明的限制。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于复杂环境下的含玄武岩纤维防护服的制备方法，其特征在于具体制备步骤为：
1)将聚酯纤维、碳纤维、氟硅橡胶纤维和尼龙纤维以质量比65-80:15-20:15-20:40-50混纺制成面料，作为防护服的表面层；
2)将棉纤维、改性玄武岩纤维、玻璃纤维和维纶纤维以质量比25-30:50-60:15-20:40-50混纺制成面料，作为防护服的中间层；其中所述改性玄武岩纤维由以下步骤制备得到：步骤1)将玄武岩矿石，磷酸钡和氯化钙以质量比100:2-3:1-2的比例进行粉碎混合处理，过筛，得到混合玄武岩颗粒；将混合颗粒进行熔融，待玄武岩颗粒完全融化后，形成纺丝熔液；将纺丝熔液进行拉丝，得到玄武岩纤维原丝；步骤2)对玄武岩纤维原丝进行降温冷却，冷却过程中通入碳源气体与氢气的混合气体，冷却至室温，得到石墨化碳包覆的改性玄武岩纤维；
3)将尼龙纤维，羊毛纤维、棉纤维以质量比50-60:20-30:20-40混纺制成面料，作为防护服的内层；
4) 在搅拌下，依次将1.5-2质量份硅烷偶联剂KH-550，0.5-1.0质量份硅酸钾，1.5-2.0质量份纳米氧化铝，0.2-0.5质量份聚醋酸乙烯，1.5-1.8质量份硬脂酸聚氧乙烯酯，1-2质量份聚己二酸乙二醇基聚氨酯，2-3质量份磷酸乙二胺加入到甘油与去离子水的体积比为2:1的混合溶液中，加热搅拌至完全溶解，待其冷却至室温，得到浸润液；将中间层浸入到所述浸润液中浸润；取出烘干，然后将表面层，中间层和内层通过热熔胶复合粘合。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中步骤1）为：将玄武岩矿石，磷酸钡和氯化钙以质量比100:2-3:1-2的比例进行粉碎混合处理，过筛，得到粒径为300-500微米的混合玄武岩颗粒；将混合颗粒在1300-1500℃的温度下进行熔融，待玄武岩颗粒完全融化后，形成纺丝熔液；将纺丝熔液进行拉丝，得到直径为10-30μm的玄武岩纤维原丝。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中步骤2）为：对玄武岩纤维原丝进行冷却，冷却速度为30-60℃/min，通入乙炔、乙烯或甲烷中的至少一种碳源气体与氢气的混合气体，碳源气体的气流量为200-400ml/min，氢气的流量为50-100ml/min，冷却至室温，得到石墨化碳包覆的玄武岩纤维。
4.一种用于复杂环境下的含玄武岩纤维防护服，其特征在于，所述防护服由权利要求1-3的任一项所述的方法制备得到。
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