CN106827735A - 一种防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料、制备方法及制品 - Google Patents

一种防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料、制备方法及制品 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106827735A
CN106827735A CN201710067266.1A CN201710067266A CN106827735A CN 106827735 A CN106827735 A CN 106827735A CN 201710067266 A CN201710067266 A CN 201710067266A CN 106827735 A CN106827735 A CN 106827735A
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China
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layer
low
fire
fabric
coating
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CN106827735B (zh
Inventor
韩德孝
任玮
张婷婷
李科
贾书刚
王春姣
霍晓兵
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Beijing Bangwei high tech new material technology Co.,Ltd.
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BEIJING BANGWEI HIGH-TECH SPECIAL TEXTILE Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料、制备方法及制品,该复合材料由外到内依次包括低频屏蔽层、阻隔层和低高频屏蔽层,各层之间通过胶黏剂依次连接在一起;所述低频屏蔽层为阻燃金属纤维混纺织物;所述阻隔层为聚酰胺(PA)、聚酯(PET)或乙烯‑乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)中的至少一种;所述低高频屏蔽层为铜镍镀层织物;该复合材料的平米克重为100~700g/m2,对芥子气防护时间达到72小时以上,在200MHz~40GHz频段内电磁屏蔽性能达到70dB以上,对于在100KHz~20MHz频段内的低频磁场的屏蔽效能达到20dB以上,续燃≤10s,阴燃≤10s。采用该复合材料制成的制品,集核生化防护、电磁屏蔽与阻燃于一体,更能满足军事等尖端要求的需要。

Description

一种防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料、制备方法及制品
技术领域
本发明涉及安全防护技术领域,具体为一种防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料、制备方法及制品。
背景技术
目前的国内功能帐篷材料一般只有电磁屏蔽功能或者只有核生化防护功能,且一般都没有阻燃功能。传统的电磁屏蔽帐篷一般都采用屏蔽面料与防雨帆布制成。屏蔽面料为不锈钢混纺面料、镀银面料以及铜镍镀层面料,防雨帆布一般为涤纶涂层布。这两种材料组合使用可以满足一般性帐篷的使用要求,防风、防雨、电磁屏蔽,但是这种帐篷对化学、生物战剂没有防护能力,不能应对核生化环境下的作战指挥以及医疗作业。
中国专利CN104786574A公开了一种阻燃能有效防止电磁波面料,包括棉布层、防静电层和阻燃涂层组成,该材料的屏蔽层主要是纳米金属屏蔽纤维纱线交织而成,阻燃主要是阻燃聚氨酯涂层实现,但该材料对芥子气等生化毒剂没有防护功能,同时屏蔽效能较差。
中国专利CN101709510A公开了一种高阻燃性与高导电高导磁性兼容为一体的屏蔽功能织物,该织物是在阻燃涤纶上进行铁、镍的物理气相沉积,达到阻燃、屏蔽协同的目的。但是该材料不防水气密,没有核生化防护功能。
国内核生化防护帐篷材料一般以聚氯乙烯(PVC)、丁基橡胶、氯丁橡胶为主。PVC材料要实现对毒剂的防渗透性能,必须达到一定的厚度,材料重量会达到900g/m2以上,且耐候性较差。橡胶类产品缺点是低温下有明显的结晶倾向,容易变硬,且成型工艺复杂,制作不便。
中国专利2006101036538公开了一种纺织复合材料,包括防护层和织物层,该材料对芥子气、氮氧化物、偏二甲肼的阻隔时间大于24小时,但是该材料不阻燃,同时没有对芥子气的防护能力达到72小时的报道,也没有电磁屏蔽功能。
发明内容
针对现有技术的问题,本发明拟解决的技术问题是,提供一种防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料及制备方法,该复合材料同时具备核生化防护能力和电磁屏蔽功能,并且具有优异的阻燃协同性,满足使用者在复杂环境下的防护要求,其核生化防护能力比现有材料高出3倍多,对芥子气防护时间达到72小时以上;其电磁屏蔽性能,在200MHz~40GHz频段内达到70dB以上,对于100KHz~20MHz的低频磁场的屏蔽效能也可达到20dB以上;并且具有阻燃、防雨、防风、抗氧化、耐腐蚀等功效。该制备方法能将多层功能材料有效牢固结合在一起。采用该复合材料制成的制品,如防护帐篷能够用于国内核生化防护帐篷使用,重量轻、厚度较薄,加工更加方便,该制品集核生化防护、电磁屏蔽与阻燃于一体,更能满足军事等尖端要求的需要。
本发明解决所述复合材料技术问题采用的技术方案是,提供一种防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料,该复合材料由外到内依次包括低频屏蔽层、阻隔层和低高频屏蔽层,各层之间通过胶黏剂依次连接在一起;所述低频屏蔽层为阻燃金属纤维混纺织物;所述阻隔层为聚酰胺(PA)、聚酯(PET)或乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)中的至少一种;所述低高频屏蔽层为铜镍镀层织物;
该复合材料的平米克重为100~700g/m2,对芥子气防护时间达到72小时以上,在200MHz~40GHz频段内电磁屏蔽性能达到70dB以上,对于在100KHz~20MHz频段内的低频磁场的屏蔽效能达到20dB以上,续燃≤10s,阴燃≤10s。
本发明解决所述制备方法技术问题采用的技术方案是,提供一种上述的防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料的制备方法,该方法采用涂层整理与重压复合工艺,具体步骤是:
第一步:测试低频屏蔽层和低高频屏蔽层的织物的阻燃性能,若低频屏蔽层和低高频屏蔽层的织物的续燃均不大于10s,则直接进行第三步;若低频屏蔽层和/或低高频屏蔽层的织物的续燃>10s,则进行第二步;
第二步:对续燃大于10s的低频屏蔽层和/或低高频屏蔽层进行单面阻燃涂层整理,涂层整理的具体工艺是:
a)制备聚氨酯涂层液
所述氨酯涂层液由阻燃剂A、交联剂B、分散剂C以及聚氨酯乳液D构成,其中A:B:C:D的重量比为50~120:8~12:2~5:100;所述阻燃剂A为聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺或季戊四醇中的至少一种,所述交联剂B为二甲基硅油和氢氧化镁中的至少一中;所述分散剂C为聚丙烯酸酯水溶液;将阻燃剂A、交联剂B和分散剂C投入到反应桶中,加热至60-70℃,恒温30-50min,然后加入聚氨酯乳液D继续恒温30-50min形成混合溶液,最后在离心机下进行匀混,得到25℃下初始黏度为10000~20000cP的聚氨酯涂层液;
b)对待涂层的低频屏蔽层和/或低高频屏蔽层的织物进行轧光及前处理;
c)将步骤a)制备好的聚氨酯涂层液涂在经步骤b)处理后的低频屏蔽层和/或低高频屏蔽层的织物上,涂层时低频屏蔽层和/或低高频屏蔽层的织物车速为8-15m/min;然后将涂层后的织物进行烘干,烘干采用两室烘箱进行,两室烘箱的温度分别为90-120℃和150-165℃,烘干时间为1-2min,即得涂层后的低频屏蔽层或低高频屏蔽层;
第三步:将低频屏蔽层与阻隔层通过重压复合工艺进行结合,形成两层半成品;
具体过程是:对低频屏蔽层进行前处理;然后对前处理过的低频屏蔽层的织物用底涂剂进行表面整理,再进行预烘干处理、固化;接着将胶黏剂刮涂在底涂剂表层,然后通过重压复合将低频屏蔽层和阻隔层连接在一起,重压压力为30MPa~40MPa;重压复合后的两层织物经过烘箱进行培烘,培烘温度为145-180℃,焙烘时间1.5~3min;
第四步:将经过第三步重压复合工艺后的阻隔层的内表面与低高频屏蔽层通过重压复合工艺进行结合,形成三层复合材料;
对低高频屏蔽层进行前处理,前处理过的低高频屏蔽层的织物用底涂剂进行表面整理,然后进行预烘干处理,并固化,接着将胶黏剂刮涂在底涂剂表层,然后通过重压复合将阻隔层与低高频屏蔽层连接在一起,重压压力为30MPa~40MPa,然后进行培烘。
本发明还保护一种制品,该制品采用上述的防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料制成。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明的防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料的总体厚度不大于0.7mm,克重为100g/m2~700g/m2,对芥子气“液-气”防护时间达到72小时以上;其电磁屏蔽性能,在200MHz~40GHz频段内达到70dB以上,对于100KHz~20MHz的低频磁场的屏蔽效能也可达到20dB以上;阻燃性能按照GB/T 5455《纺织品燃烧性能垂直方向损毁长度阴燃和续燃时间的测定》测试,续燃0s,阴燃≤10s;本发明材料经过高周波焊接、热封焊接、超声波焊接、缝纫后热封贴条、缝纫后高周波焊接贴条、超声波焊接后热封贴条或超声波焊接后高周波焊接贴条后可制成防护服、防护帐篷或防护掩体等。
本发明的复合材料,其核生化防护能力比现有材料高出3倍多,对芥子气防护时间达到72小时以上;其电磁屏蔽性能,在200MHz~40GHz频段内达到70dB以上,对于100KHz~20MHz的低频磁场的屏蔽效能也可达到20dB以上;整体复合材料较薄,并且具有阻燃、防雨、防风、抗氧化、耐腐蚀等功效,集防毒、电磁屏蔽、阻燃于一体,实现复合材料的阻燃协同(即电磁屏蔽功能与阻燃功能协同作用),内成型层选用可气密加工的膜材,使复合材料能可气密加工。本发明使用不同材料的双屏蔽层无论是对高频还是低频,电场还是磁场均能起到很好的屏蔽作用。
本发明所提供的防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料适用于制作个体或集体防护装备,也可以用于制作其他安全防护载体,如防护手套、防护靴套、防护服装、防护掩体、防护帐篷等。
附图说明
图1为本发明防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料一种实施例的结构示意图。
图中,1外防护层、2低频屏蔽层、3阻隔层、4低高频屏蔽层、5内成型层、6胶黏剂。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及其附图对本发明作更详细的说明。这些实施例和附图仅用于进一步说明本发明,并不以此限制本申请权利要求的保护范围。
本发明防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料(简称复合材料,参见图1),该复合材料由外到内依次包括低频屏蔽层2、阻隔层3和低高频屏蔽层4,各层之间通过胶黏剂6依次连接在一起;所述低频屏蔽层为阻燃金属纤维混纺织物;所述阻隔层3为聚酰胺(PA)、聚酯(PET)或乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)中的至少一种;所述低高频屏蔽层为铜镍镀层织物;
该复合材料的平米克重为100~700g/m2,对芥子气防护时间达到72小时以上,在200MHz~40GHz频段内电磁屏蔽性能达到70dB以上,对于在100KHz~20MHz频段内的低频磁场的屏蔽效能达到20dB以上,续燃≤10s,阴燃≤10s。
本发明复合材料的进一步特征在于该复合材料还包括外防护层1和内成型层5,外防护层1通过胶黏剂与低频屏蔽层的外表面连接,内成型层5通过胶黏剂与低高频屏蔽层4的内表面连接;所述外防护层1为聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)共聚物、聚偏二氯乙烯(PVDC)共聚物、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)中的至少一种;所述内成型层为阻燃聚氨酯聚合物、阻燃聚烯烃聚合物、阻燃乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物中的至少一种。该复合材料的整体厚度为0.3-0.6mm。
本发明复合材料的进一步特征在于所述外防护层通过挤出或涂覆和挤出共同应用的加工方式形成连续的致密层状结构,外防护层呈薄膜状或片状,厚度为0.02mm~0.1mm。外防护层主要是保证复合材料对有毒有害物质、三合二洗消液的防护性能,同时还具有耐磨、耐腐蚀、耐盐雾、抗霉菌、阻燃等性能,该层的形态为薄膜或片材。阻隔层和内成型层均为通过吹塑或挤出的加工方式制成的连续致密层状结构,阻隔层和内成型层均呈薄膜状或片状,阻隔层厚度为0.012mm~0.2mm;内成型层厚度为0.05mm~0.2mm。阻隔层使复合材料能有效阻隔有毒有害物质,同时增加了复合材料的机械强度;内成型层的设置更加方便加工,满足材料的成型要求,同时该层还增加了复合材料的阻燃性能以及力学性能,为复合材料的整体阻燃协同提供支撑。外防护层和阻隔层均能起到防毒的作用。
本发明复合材料的进一步特征在于所述低频屏蔽层中的阻燃金属纤维混纺织物为聚酯纤维、棉纤维、聚酰胺纤维、聚乙烯纤维、聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺(芳纶)中的至少一种与不锈钢纤维或镍纤维的混纺织物。该层主要保证复合材料低频磁场的电磁屏蔽性能,同时可作为承载层,提供较高的机械性能与屏蔽效能。所述低频是指对于在100KHz~20MHz频段内的低频磁场能起到屏蔽作用。
本发明复合材料的进一步特征在于本发明复合材料的进一步特征在于低高频屏蔽层中的铜镍镀层织物为涤纶(聚酯)纤维铜镍镀层织物、锦纶(聚酰胺)纤维铜镍镀层织物或芳纶纤维铜镍镀层织物。该层主要赋予防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料低频电场和高频电场的电磁屏蔽性能,同时可作为承载层,提供复合材料一定的机械性能。所述低高频是指既能对在100KHz~20MHz频段内的低频磁场能起到屏蔽作用,又能对在200MHz~40GHz频段内电磁屏蔽起作用。
本发明防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料的制备方法,该方法采用涂层整理与重压复合工艺,具体步骤是:
第一步:测试低频屏蔽层2和低高频屏蔽层4的织物的阻燃性能,若低频屏蔽层2和低高频屏蔽层4的织物的续燃均不大于10s,则直接进行第三步;若低频屏蔽层2和/或低高频屏蔽层4的织物的续燃>10s,则进行第二步;
第二步:对续燃大于10s的低频屏蔽层2和/或低高频屏蔽层4进行单面阻燃涂层整理,涂层整理的具体工艺是:
a)制备聚氨酯涂层液
所述氨酯涂层液由阻燃剂A、交联剂B、分散剂C以及聚氨酯乳液D构成,其中A:B:C:D的重量比为50~120:8~12:2~5:100;所述阻燃剂A为聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺或季戊四醇中的至少一种,所述交联剂B为二甲基硅油和氢氧化镁中的至少一中;所述分散剂C为聚丙烯酸酯水溶液;将阻燃剂A、交联剂B和分散剂C投入到反应桶中,加热至60-70℃,恒温30-50min,然后加入聚氨酯乳液D继续恒温30-50min形成混合溶液,最后在离心机下进行匀混,得到25℃下初始黏度为10000~20000cP的聚氨酯涂层液;
b)对待涂层的低频屏蔽层2和/或低高频屏蔽层4的织物进行轧光及前处理;
c)将步骤a)制备好的聚氨酯涂层液涂在处理后的低频屏蔽层2和/或低高频屏蔽层4的织物上,涂层时低频屏蔽层2和/或低高频屏蔽层4的织物车速为8-15m/min;然后将涂层后的织物进行烘干,烘干采用两室烘箱进行,两室烘箱的温度分别为90-120℃和150-165℃,烘干时间为1-2min,即得涂层后的低频屏蔽层2或低高频屏蔽层4;涂层重量与相应层织物的整体重量有关,一般为织物重量的40%~60%;
第三步:将低频屏蔽层2与阻隔层3通过重压复合工艺进行结合,形成两层半成品;
具体过程是:对低频屏蔽层进行前处理,即对织物表面进行等离子处理,提高表面附着力,增强复合牢度;然后对前处理过的低频屏蔽层的织物用底涂剂进行表面整理,增强功能层间的结合强度,然后进行预烘干处理,预烘温度为100-110℃,时间1.5~3min;再进行固化,固化时间为20-30h,固化温度为20~28℃;接着将胶黏剂刮涂在底涂剂表层,然后通过重压复合将低频屏蔽层2和阻隔层3连接在一起,重压压力为30MPa~40MPa;重压复合后的两层织物经过烘箱进行培烘,培烘温度为145-180℃,时间1.5~3min;
第四步:将经过第三步重压复合工艺后的阻隔层3的内表面与低高频屏蔽层4通过重压复合工艺进行结合,形成三层复合材料;
对低高频屏蔽层4进行前处理,前处理过的低高频屏蔽层的织物用底涂剂进行表面整理,然后进行预烘干处理,并固化,接着将胶黏剂刮涂在底涂剂表层,然后通过重压复合将阻隔层3与低高频屏蔽层4连接在一起,重压压力为30MPa~40MPa,然后进行培烘,具体重压复合工艺参见第三步;即得到三层防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料。
当复合材料为五层结构时,完成上述四步后还要将外防护层1和内成型层5与三层防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料结合在一起,具体还包括以下步骤:
第五步:将三层复合材料的外表面与外防护层1的内表面通过重压复合进行结合,形成四层半成品;
将胶黏剂刮涂在外防护层1内表面(电晕面)上,然后通过重压复合将三层复合材料的外表面与外防护层1的内表面连接在一起,重压压力为30MPa~40MPa;然后进行培烘,培烘温度为145~180℃,培烘时间为1.5~3min,具体重压复合过程参见第三步;
第六步:将四层半成品的内表面与内成型层5的内表面进行重压复合,形成成品,即得到五层防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料;
将胶黏剂刮涂在内成型层5的内表面(电晕面)上,然后通过重压复合将四层半成品的内表面与内成型层5的内表面(内成型层5的内表面为电晕面)连接在一起,重压压力为30MPa~40MPa,然后进行培烘,具体过程参见第三步。
本发明制备方法的进一步特征在于所述底涂剂为溶剂型聚氨酯底涂剂;所述胶黏剂为聚氨酯型热熔胶,也可以是聚氨酯型溶剂胶,环氧树脂胶等。
本发明复合材料能集核生化防护与电磁波屏蔽、阻燃于一体。
本发明制备方法中在第一步中要严格控制聚氨酯涂层液的黏度和涂层速度(即织物车速),如果聚氨酯涂层液的初始黏度不足8000cP则涂层溶液可能渗透到屏蔽背面(透胶),从而影响织物屏蔽效能以及外观,如果初始黏度大于25000则涂层工艺性变差,这里优选聚氨酯涂层液的初始黏度为10000~20000cP,聚氨酯涂层液的黏度随温度变化会发生变化,这里以25℃下的黏度值为初始黏度;低频屏蔽层2和低高频屏蔽层4的根据实际情况选择是否需要进行涂层整理,当低频屏蔽层2和/或低高频屏蔽层4的阻燃性能足够时,不需要进行涂层整理;当低频屏蔽层2和/或低高频屏蔽层4的阻燃性能不满足要求时,进行涂层整理。
涂层整理的过程为:轧光——前处理——涂层——预烘——培烘;重压复合工艺是将两层材料结合在一起,将各种材料各自性能进行叠加,实现材料的功能多元性;重压复合工艺的流程为:前处理——底涂——固化——刮胶——重压复合——培烘,根据具体的织物对象及工艺要求可以将前处理、底涂、固化过程省去,直接进行刮胶、重压复合及培烘。传统的干法复合工艺是将刮胶后的两层材料在一定压力下连接到一起,一般压力为0.3MPa左右,适合柔软轻薄织物,复合牢度较低;而本发明中重压压力要求上压辊与下胶辊之间的压力在30MPa~40MPa,在较大的压力下使得两层织物的粘结强度提高,保证功能层能够更好的牢固连接在一起。
本发明还保护采用上述防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料制成的制品,如防护帐篷、防护掩体、防护服装(防护手套、衣服等)等。本发明通过将上述防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料通过缝纫、热合、高周波等加工工艺制成防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽防护制品。
实施例1
本实施例防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料由外到内依次包括外防护层1、低频屏蔽层2、阻隔层3、低高频屏蔽层4和内成型层5,各层之间通过胶黏剂依次连接在一起;该复合材料的平米克重为420±20g/m2,对芥子气防护时间达到72小时以上,在200MHz~40GHz频段内电磁屏蔽性能达到70dB以上,对于在100KHz~20MHz频段内的低频磁场的屏蔽效能达到20dB以上。
本实施例的外防护层1为聚偏氟乙烯薄膜,厚度0.03mm,该薄膜具有良好的耐化学腐蚀性、耐高温低温性、耐氧化性、耐射线辐射性等特殊性能,同时表面光滑,能减少尘埃的附着;低频屏蔽层2为芳纶不锈钢纤维混纺织物,平米克重为180g/m2;阻隔层3为双向拉伸尼龙膜,厚度0.015mm,机械强度较好,硬度适中,同时具有优良的阻隔性能,并且耐低温、环保无毒,广泛应用于食品、卫生化工产品的包装阻隔方面;低高频屏蔽层4为涤纶铜镍镀层织物,平米克重为55g/m2;内成型层5为阻燃聚氨酯薄膜,厚度0.06mm,具有很好的耐磨性、抗寒性、柔软、强韧耐老化等特性,是优良的环保材料。
所述芳纶不锈钢纤维混纺织物的纱线为多种材料混纺,混纺比例芳纶1414:芳纶1313:不锈钢纤维=20:60:20,纱支40s/2。织物密度为70(经向)×60(纬向),织物平米克重为180±10g/m2。芳纶纤维(芳纶1414和芳纶1313)的极限氧指数LOI为29%~32%,不锈钢纤维本身不燃烧,所以芳纶纤维与不锈钢纤维混纺后织物的阻燃性能优异;不锈钢纤维屏蔽效果好尤其是对低频磁场的屏蔽,同时耐高温、强度高、柔软;芳纶纤维具有极高的抗拉强度和弹性模量,热收缩和蠕变性能稳定,与不锈钢纤维混纺后既能满足材料的电磁屏蔽要求,又能兼顾复合材料的整体物理机械性能;低频屏蔽层2选用芳纶不锈钢纤维混纺织物,本身具有优良的阻燃效果(具体相关性能参数见表1),在制备复合材料时不需要进行涂层整理。
表1芳纶不锈钢纤维混纺织物
低高频屏蔽层4为涤纶铜镍镀层织物,即金属铜与金属镍的复合镀层织物,单一铜镀层织物虽然屏蔽效能高,但是容易被氧化而失去屏蔽效能;金属镍的导电能力有限,单一镀层屏蔽效能低。通过铜镍复合镀层方法制备的金属镀层织物,不仅可以保证织物的电磁屏蔽效能,同时抗氧化、耐腐蚀。制备涤纶铜镍镀层织物的基材选用210T涤塔夫,平米克重为40g/m2,织物轻薄、柔软、致密,对镀层的附着力较强,屏蔽效能高,镀层后的织物平米克重为55g/m2。采用真空溅射工艺将金属粒子(金属铜与金属镍)镀覆在基材表面,在200MHz~3GHz频段内,织物屏蔽效能达到70dB以上。低高频屏蔽层4的织物需要进行阻燃涂层整理。
本实施例防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料的制备方法,该方法采用涂层整理与重压复合工艺,具体步骤是:
第一步:测试低频屏蔽层2和低高频屏蔽层4的织物的阻燃性能,低频屏蔽层2不大于10s,低高频屏蔽层4的织物的续燃>10s,需要对低高频屏蔽层4的织物进行涂层整理;
第二步、对低高频屏蔽层4的织物进行单面阻燃涂层整理,涂层整理的具体工艺是:
a)制备聚氨酯涂层液
所述氨酯涂层液由阻燃剂A、交联剂B、分散剂C以及聚氨酯乳液D构成,其中A:B:C:D的重量比为90:8:4:100;所述阻燃剂A为聚磷酸铵,所述交联剂B为二甲基硅油;所述分散剂C为聚丙烯酸酯水溶液;阻燃剂A、交联剂B和分散剂C投入到反应桶中,加热至60℃,恒温30min;然后加入聚氨酯乳液D继续恒温30min,形成混合溶液,在离心机下进行匀混;得到初始黏度为12000cP(25℃)的聚氨酯涂层液;
b)将制备好的聚氨酯涂层液涂在低高频屏蔽层4的织物上,涂层重量控制在30g/m2;涂层时低高频屏蔽层4的织物车速为10m/min;然后将涂层后的织物进行烘干,烘干采用两室烘箱进行,两室烘箱的温度分别为100℃和160℃,烘干时间为1.5min,即得涂层后的低高频屏蔽层4;
第三步:将低频屏蔽层2的非涂层面与阻隔层3通过重压复合工艺进行结合,形成两层半成品;
具体过程是:对低频屏蔽层2进行前处理,即对织物表面进行等离子处理,提高表面附着力,增强复合牢度;然后对前处理过的低频屏蔽层的织物用溶剂型聚氨酯底涂剂在低频屏蔽层2的非涂层面进行表面整理,增强功能层间的结合强度,然后进行预烘干处理,预烘温度为100℃,时间1.5min;再进行固化,固化时间为24h,固化温度为25℃;接着将Liofol LA7525胶黏剂刮涂在底涂剂表层,然后通过重压复合将低频屏蔽层2和阻隔层3连接在一起,重压压力为30MPa;重压后的两层材料放入烘箱进行培烘,培烘温度145℃,时间2min;
第四步:将经过第三步重压复合工艺后的阻隔层3的内表面与低高频屏蔽层4的非涂层面通过重压复合工艺进行结合,形成三层半成品;
对低高频屏蔽层4进行前处理,前处理过的低高频屏蔽层的织物用溶剂型聚氨酯底涂剂在低高频屏蔽层4的非涂层面进行表面整理,然后进行预烘干处理,并固化,接着将Liofol LA7525胶黏剂刮涂在底涂剂表层,然后通过重压复合将阻隔层3与低高频屏蔽层4连接在一起,重压压力为30MPa,将重压复合后的材料经过烘箱,进行培烘工艺,培烘温度145℃,时间2min,具体重压复合工艺参见第三步;
第五步:将三层半成品的外表面与外防护层1内表面通过重压复合进行结合,形成四层半成品;
这里的重压复合过程省去了第三步中的前处理、底涂及固化步骤,直接进行刮胶、重压、培烘,即将Liofol LA 7525胶黏剂刮涂在外防护层1内表面(电晕面),然后通过重压复合将三层半成品的外表面与外防护层1内表面(电晕面)连接在一起,重压压力为30MPa,将重压复合后的材料经过烘箱,进行培烘,培烘温度145℃,时间2min;
第六步:将四层半成品的内表面与内成型层5的内表面进行重压复合,形成成品,即得到防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料;
将Liofol LA 7525胶黏剂刮涂在内成型层内表面(电晕面),然后通过重压复合将四层半成品的内表面与内成型层5的内表面(电晕面)连接在一起,重压压力为30MPa,将重压复合后的材料经过烘箱,进行培烘,培烘温度145℃,时间2min,具体重压复合工艺参见第四步。
将本实施例制得的复合材料进行相关性能测试,芥子气防护时间按照GJB535进行测试,防护时间>72小时,即达到了美军最新装备的CBPSS系统对毒剂防护的要求;电磁屏蔽效能在200MHz~10GHz频段内的屏蔽效能>70dB,满足GJB5792-2006《军用涉密信息系统电磁屏蔽体等级划分和测量方法》中B级要求;阻燃性能按照GB/T 5455《纺织品燃烧性能垂直方向损毁长度阴燃和续燃时间的测定》测试,续燃0s,阴燃8s;断裂强度(经/纬)达到2560N/2120N,撕破强度(经/纬)达到120N/160N;整体平均平米克重为420g/m2,厚度为0.45mm。
实施例2
本实施例复合材料的组成及制备方法同实施例1,不同之处在于本实施例外防护层为聚偏二氯乙烯共聚物薄膜,厚度为0.05mm;低频屏蔽层为涤纶不锈钢纤维混纺织物,平米克重为120g/m2;阻隔层为聚酯(PET)薄膜,厚度为0.015mm,机械强度较好,硬度较高,同时具有优良的阻隔性能,并且耐低温、环保无毒;低高频屏蔽层为锦纶铜镍镀层织物,平米克重为50g/m2;内成型层为阻燃聚乙烯共聚物薄膜,厚度0.05mm;所述的各层材料之间采用聚氨酯胶黏剂点状粘合复合。该复合材料的平米克重为335±20g/m2,整体厚度为0.4mm。
所述涤纶不锈钢纤维混纺织物的纱线为多种材料混纺,混纺比例涤纶纤维:不锈钢纤维=50:50,纱支40s/2。织物密度为70(经向)×60(纬向),织物平米克重为200±10g/m2;不锈钢纤维屏蔽效果好尤其是低频磁场的屏蔽,同时耐高温、强度高、柔软;涤纶纤维具有较高的抗拉强度和弹性模量,与不锈钢纤维混纺后既能满足材料的电磁屏蔽要求,又能兼顾复合材料的整体物理机械性能(具体相关性能参见表2);低频屏蔽层选用涤纶不锈钢纤维混纺织物需要进行阻燃涂层整理,具体涂层工艺参考实施例1的第一步。
表2涤纶不锈钢纤维混纺织物
低高频屏蔽层为锦纶铜镍镀层织物,基材选用210T锦丝绸(聚酰胺纤维布),平米克重35g/m2,织物轻薄、柔软、致密,对镀层的附着力较强,屏蔽效能高,镀层后的织物平米克重为50g/m2。采用真空溅射工艺将金属粒子(金属铜与金属镍)镀覆在基材表面,在200MHz~3GHz频段内,织物屏蔽效能达到70dB以上。低高频屏蔽层选用锦纶铜镍镀层织物需要进行阻燃涂层整理,具体涂层工艺参考实施例1的第一步。
本实施例复合材料的制备方法中,测试低频屏蔽层2和低高频屏蔽层4的织物的续燃均大于10s,需对低频屏蔽层2和低高频屏蔽层4的织物都要进行单面阻燃涂层整理,具体过程参见实施例1。
将本实施例制得的复合材料进行相关性能测试,检测结果表明,芥子气防护时间按照GJB535进行测试,防护时间>72小时,即达到了美军最新装备的CBPSS系统对毒剂防护的要求;电磁屏蔽效能在200MHz~10GHz频段内的屏蔽效能>70dB,满足GJB5792-2006《军用涉密信息系统电磁屏蔽体等级划分和测量方法》中B级要求;阻燃性能按照GB/T 5455《纺织品燃烧性能垂直方向损毁长度阴燃和续燃时间的测定》测试,续燃0s,阴燃5s;断裂强力(经/纬)为2100N/1700N,撕破强度(经/纬)为125N/82N;整体平均平米克重340g/m2,厚度0.4mm。
实施例3
本实施例为一种防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽防护帐篷,该防护帐篷采用实施例1的防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料制成。
实施例4
本实施例为一种防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽服装,该服装采用实施例2的防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料通过缝纫、热合、高周波等加工工艺制成制成。
实施例5
本实施例为一种防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料。该复合材料的组成及具体制备过程同实施例1,不同之处在于所述外防护层为乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)和聚偏二氯乙烯(PVDC)共聚物的混合物,即EVOH共挤膜与PVDC膜的复合膜;所述低频屏蔽层为棉纤维与镍纤维的混纺织物;所述阻隔层为聚酰胺薄膜和乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)的复合膜;所述低高频屏蔽层可为芳纶纤维铜镍镀层织物;所述内成型层为阻燃聚烯烃聚合物(PP薄膜)和阻燃乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)的共挤膜;制备方法中,低频屏蔽层和低高频屏蔽层均需要进行单面阻燃涂层整理。
将本实施例制得的复合材料进行性能测试,该复合材料对芥子气防护时间达到72小时以上,在200MHz~40GHz频段内电磁屏蔽性能达到70dB以上,对于在100KHz~20MHz频段内的低频磁场的屏蔽效能达到20dB以上。阻燃性能按照GB/T 5455《纺织品燃烧性能垂直方向损毁长度阴燃和续燃时间的测定》测试,续燃0s,阴燃4s;断裂强力(经/纬)为2600N/2200N,撕破强度(经/纬)为220N/150N;整体平均平米克重345g/m2,厚度0.45mm;
实施例6
本实施例为一种防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料。该复合材料的组成及具体制备过程同实施例5,不同之处在于所述外防护层为乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)共聚物和聚偏二氯乙烯(PVDC)共聚物的混合物,即EVOH共挤膜/PVDF膜/PVDC膜的复合膜;低频屏蔽层为聚酯纤维和棉纤维与不锈钢纤维的混纺织物。
将本实施例制得的复合面料进行性能测试,该复合材料对芥子气防护时间达到72小时以上;在200MHz~40GHz频段内电磁屏蔽性能达到70dB以上,对于在100KHz~20MHz频段内的低频磁场的屏蔽效能达到20dB以上。阻燃性能按照GB/T 5455《纺织品燃烧性能垂直方向损毁长度阴燃和续燃时间的测定》测试,续燃0s,阴燃8s;断裂强力(经/纬)为2750N/2300N,撕破强度(经/纬)为225N/160N;整体平均平米克重490g/m2,厚度0.5mm。
实施例7
本实施例为一种防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料。该复合材料由外到内依次包括低频屏蔽层2、阻隔层3和低高频屏蔽层4,各层之间通过胶黏剂依次连接在一起;低频屏蔽层2为芳纶不锈钢纤维混纺织物,平米克重为180g/m2;阻隔层3为双向拉伸尼龙膜,厚度0.015mm;低高频屏蔽层4为涤纶铜镍镀层织物,平米克重为55g/m2;具体制备过程同实施例1的前四步。
该复合材料的平米克重为300g/m2,对芥子气防护时间达到72小时以上,在200MHz~40GHz频段内电磁屏蔽性能达到70dB以上,对于在100KHz~20MHz频段内的低频磁场的屏蔽效能达到20dB以上。
本发明未述及之处适用于现有技术。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明权利要求的保护范围不局限于此,任何熟悉本领域的技术人员在本发明所揭露的技术范围内,可不经过创造性劳动想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所限定保护范围为准。

Claims (10)

1.一种防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料,该复合材料由外到内依次包括低频屏蔽层 、阻隔层和低高频屏蔽层,各层之间通过胶黏剂依次连接在一起;所述低频屏蔽层为阻燃金属纤维混纺织物;所述阻隔层为聚酰胺(PA)、聚酯(PET)或乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)中的至少一种;所述低高频屏蔽层为铜镍镀层织物;
该复合材料的平米克重为100~700g/m2,对芥子气防护时间达到72小时以上,在200MHz~40GHz频段内电磁屏蔽性能达到70dB以上,对于在100KHz~20MHz频段内的低频磁场的屏蔽效能达到20dB以上,续燃≤10s,阴燃≤10s。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料,其特征在于所述低频屏蔽层中的阻燃金属纤维混纺织物为聚酯纤维、棉纤维、聚酰胺纤维、聚乙烯纤维、聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺中的至少一种与不锈钢纤维或镍纤维的混纺织物;低高频屏蔽层中的铜镍镀层织物为涤纶纤维铜镍镀层织物、锦纶纤维铜镍镀层织物或芳纶纤维铜镍镀层织物。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料,其特征在于该复合材料还包括外防护层和内成型层,外防护层通过胶黏剂与低频屏蔽层的外表面连接,内成型层通过胶黏剂与低高频屏蔽层的内表面连接;所述外防护层为聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)共聚物、聚偏二氯乙烯(PVDC)共聚物、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)中的至少一种;所述内成型层为阻燃聚氨酯聚合物、阻燃聚烯烃聚合物、阻燃乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求3所述的防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料,其特征在于该复合材料的整体厚度为0.3-0.6mm。
5.根据权利要求3所述的防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料,其特征在于所述外防护层通过挤出或涂覆和挤出共同应用的加工方式形成连续的致密层状结构,外防护层呈薄膜状或片状,厚度为0.02mm~0.1mm。
6.根据权利要求3所述的防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料,其特征在于阻隔层和内成型层均为通过吹塑或挤出的加工方式制成的连续致密层状结构,阻隔层和内成型层均呈薄膜状或片状,阻隔层厚度为0.012mm~0.2mm;内成型层厚度为0.05mm~0.2mm。
7.一种权利要求1或2所述的防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料的制备方法,该方法采用涂层整理与重压复合工艺,具体步骤是:
第一步:测试低频屏蔽层和低高频屏蔽层的织物的阻燃性能,若低频屏蔽层和低高频屏蔽层的织物的续燃均不大于10s,则直接进行第三步;若低频屏蔽层和/或低高频屏蔽层的织物的续燃>10s,则进行第二步;
第二步:对续燃大于10s的低频屏蔽层和/或低高频屏蔽层进行单面阻燃涂层整理,涂层整理的具体工艺是:
a)制备聚氨酯涂层液
所述氨酯涂层液由阻燃剂A、交联剂B、分散剂C以及聚氨酯乳液D构成,其中A:B:C:D的重量比为50~120:8~12:2~5:100;所述阻燃剂A为聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺或季戊四醇中的至少一种,所述交联剂B为二甲基硅油和氢氧化镁中的至少一中;所述分散剂C为聚丙烯酸酯水溶液;将阻燃剂A、交联剂B和分散剂C投入到反应桶中,加热至60-70℃,恒温30-50min,然后加入聚氨酯乳液D继续恒温30-50min形成混合溶液,最后在离心机下进行匀混,得到25℃下初始黏度为10000~20000cP的聚氨酯涂层液;
b)对待涂层的低频屏蔽层和/或低高频屏蔽层的织物进行轧光及前处理;
c)将步骤a)制备好的聚氨酯涂层液涂在经步骤b)处理后的低频屏蔽层和/或低高频屏蔽层的织物上,涂层时低频屏蔽层和/或低高频屏蔽层的织物车速为8-15m/min;然后将涂层后的织物进行烘干,烘干采用两室烘箱进行,两室烘箱的温度分别为90-120℃和145-165℃,烘干时间为1-2min,即得涂层后的低频屏蔽层或低高频屏蔽层;
第三步:将低频屏蔽层与阻隔层通过重压复合工艺进行结合,形成两层半成品;
具体过程是:对低频屏蔽层进行前处理;然后对前处理过的低频屏蔽层的织物用底涂剂进行表面整理,再进行预烘干处理、固化;接着将胶黏剂刮涂在底涂剂表层,然后通过重压复合将低频屏蔽层和阻隔层连接在一起,重压压力为30MPa~40MPa;重压复合后的两层织物经过烘箱进行培烘,培烘温度为145-180℃,焙烘时间1.5~3min;
第四步:将经过第三步重压复合工艺后的阻隔层的内表面与低高频屏蔽层通过重压复合工艺进行结合,形成三层复合材料;
对低高频屏蔽层进行前处理,前处理过的低高频屏蔽层的织物用底涂剂进行表面整理,然后进行预烘干处理,并固化,接着将胶黏剂刮涂在底涂剂表层,然后通过重压复合将阻隔层与低高频屏蔽层连接在一起,重压压力为30MPa~40MPa,然后进行培烘。
8.一种权利要求3所述的防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料的制备方法,该方法包括权利要求7所述的步骤,此外还包括以下步骤:
第五步:将第四步所形成的三层复合材料的外表面与外防护层的内表面通过重压复合进行结合,形成四层半成品;
将胶黏剂刮涂在外防护层内表面上,然后通过重压复合将第四步所形成的三层复合材料的外表面与外防护层的内表面连接在一起,重压压力为30MPa~40MPa;然后进行培烘,培烘温度为145~180℃,培烘时间为1.5~3min;
第六步:将四层半成品的内表面与内成型层的内表面进行重压复合,形成成品,即得到五层防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料;
将胶黏剂刮涂在内成型层的内表面上,然后通过重压复合将四层半成品的内表面与内成型层的内表面连接在一起,重压压力为30MPa~40MPa,然后进行培烘。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述底涂剂为溶剂型聚氨酯底涂剂;所述胶黏剂为聚氨酯型热熔胶、聚氨酯型溶剂胶或环氧树脂胶。
10.一种制品,其特征在于该制品采用权利要求1-9任一所述的防毒阻燃电磁屏蔽复合材料制成。
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CN110868844A (zh) * 2019-12-17 2020-03-06 辛格顿(常州)新材料科技有限公司 一种低频屏蔽导热复合结构
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CN111540511B (zh) * 2020-05-07 2022-01-25 立讯精密工业股份有限公司 电磁屏蔽纤维、线缆和线缆的制造方法
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CN116209230B (zh) * 2022-12-30 2024-08-20 宁波市马哈汽车服务有限公司 一种电磁屏蔽复合材料及其制备方法
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