WO2023226456A1 - 一种制备嘧菌酯及其中间体的方法 - Google Patents

一种制备嘧菌酯及其中间体的方法 Download PDF

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WO2023226456A1
WO2023226456A1 PCT/CN2023/072327 CN2023072327W WO2023226456A1 WO 2023226456 A1 WO2023226456 A1 WO 2023226456A1 CN 2023072327 W CN2023072327 W CN 2023072327W WO 2023226456 A1 WO2023226456 A1 WO 2023226456A1
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compound
formula
methyl
mol
pentacyclic
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French (fr)
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王震宇
李海辉
陈亮
张孝国
缪建勇
张晓琴
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安徽广信农化股份有限公司
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Priority to AU2023203664A priority Critical patent/AU2023203664A1/en
Priority to EP23729649.6A priority patent/EP4317137A1/en
Publication of WO2023226456A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023226456A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D239/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
    • C07D239/02Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D239/24Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D239/28Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D239/46Two or more oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atoms
    • C07D239/52Two oxygen atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D239/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
    • C07D239/02Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D239/24Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D239/28Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D239/32One oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom
    • C07D239/34One oxygen atom
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/0234Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
    • B01J31/0235Nitrogen containing compounds
    • B01J31/0244Nitrogen containing compounds with nitrogen contained as ring member in aromatic compounds or moieties, e.g. pyridine
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/584Recycling of catalysts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for preparing azoxystrobin and its intermediates.
  • Azoxystrobin is a new type of highly efficient, broad-spectrum, systemic methoxyacrylate fungicide. Its chemical name is (E)-2-[2-[6-(2-cyanophenoxy) )pyrimidin-4-yloxy]phenyl]-3-methoxyacrylic acid methyl ester. This fungicide can be used for stem and leaf spray, seed treatment, and soil treatment, and has good activity against almost all fungal diseases. Due to its high efficiency, broad spectrum, low toxicity and other characteristics, azoxystrobin has become a hot spot for competitive development in recent times, and a variety of synthetic routes have been reported.
  • WO92/08703 discloses a method for preparing azoxystrobin by reacting 2-cyanophenol with (E)-2-[2-(6-chloro-pyrimidin-4-yloxy)phenyl]-3-methyl Prepared by the reaction of methyl oxyacrylate.
  • This method is also the synthesis method currently used by most production companies.
  • the synthesis of esters requires relatively harsh conditions, requiring high temperatures and high vacuum. The synthesis is difficult, and the reported reaction yields vary widely.
  • WO2006/114572 and WO2008/043978 disclose that when DABCO is used as a catalyst to prepare azoxystrobin or a new azoxystrobin acetal precursor, the amount of relatively expensive catalyst is significantly reduced without reducing the yield. In addition to reducing production costs, the emission of catalysts in water treatment waste liquid is reduced.
  • WO2017/060917 discloses a method for converting o-cyanophenol with 3-methoxy (2-(2-(6- Method for preparing azoxystrobin by reacting chloropyrimidine)-4-yl)oxyphenyl) methyl acrylate
  • WO2020/212919 discloses a method for preparing azoxystrobin and its intermediates using diazabicycloundec-7-ene and diazabicyclonon-5-ene compounds as catalysts. This method can reduce dimerization Generation of bulk impurities.
  • Fan Chaohui et al. (A highly efficient catalyst for the preparation of azoxystrobin and its intermediates [J]. Pesticides, 2019, 58(7): 483-486) disclosed the use of 1-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6 -Alcohol is used as a catalyst to prepare azoxystrobin.
  • the product prepared by this method is 2-(2-((6-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)-3,3-dimethoxyacrylic acid methyl ester and E-2- ⁇ 2-[6-chloropyrimidin-4-yloxy]phenyl ⁇ -3-methoxyacrylic acid methyl ester mixture, the total content is 95.4%.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing azoxystrobin and its intermediates.
  • the present invention provides the use of a pentacyclazole compound or a salt thereof, which is characterized in that the pentacyclazole compound or a salt thereof is used as a catalyst for preparing azoxystrobin represented by formula I;
  • the pentacyclic azole compound has the following structure:
  • R 1 is selected from C 1 -C 10 linear alkyl, C 1 -C 10 branched alkyl, cyano group, amino, C 1 -C 10 alkylamino;
  • R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 10 linear alkyl, C 1 -C 10 branched alkyl, cyano, amino, C 1 -C 10 alkylamino , hydroxyl, halogen, nitro;
  • n is selected from an integer from 1 to 3.
  • R 1 is selected from C 1 -C 6 linear alkyl, C 1 -C 6 branched alkyl; more preferably, R 1 is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl , n-pentyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, isopentyl;
  • R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 linear alkyl, C 1 -C 6 branched alkyl; more preferably, R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is each independently selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, isopentyl;
  • n is selected from 2 or 3; more preferably, n is 3.
  • the pentacyclic azole compound is a compound represented by the following formula 1 or 9:
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and n are defined as above;
  • the pentacyclic azole compound is N-methylimidazole or pentylenetetrazole.
  • the present invention provides the use of a pentacyclic azole compound or a salt thereof, which is characterized in that the pentacyclic azole compound or a salt thereof is used as a catalyst for preparing a compound of formula III or formula VI;
  • Q is selected from (E)-2-(3-methoxy)methyl acrylate group, 2-(3,3-dimethoxy)methyl propionate group, or a combination of the two groups mixture;
  • the pentacyclic azole compound has the following structure:
  • R 1 is selected from C 1 -C 10 linear alkyl, C 1 -C 10 branched alkyl, cyano group, amino, C 1 -C 10 alkylamino;
  • R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 10 linear alkyl, C 1 -C 10 branched alkyl, cyano, amino, C 1 -C 10 alkylamino , hydroxyl, halogen, nitro;
  • n is selected from an integer from 1 to 3.
  • R 1 is selected from C 1 -C 6 linear alkyl, C 1 -C 6 branched alkyl; more preferably, R 1 is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl , n-pentyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, isopentyl;
  • R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 linear alkyl, C 1 -C 6 branched alkyl; more preferably, R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is each independently selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, isopentyl;
  • n is selected from 2 or 3; more preferably, n is 3.
  • the pentacyclic azole compound is a compound represented by the following formula 1 or 9:
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and n are as defined above.
  • the pentacyclic azole compound is N-methylimidazole or pentylenetetrazole.
  • the invention provides a method for preparing azoxystrobin shown in formula I:
  • Q is selected from (E)-2-(3-methoxy)methyl acrylate group, 2-(3,3-dimethoxy)methyl propionate group, or a combination of the two groups mixture;
  • the pentacyclic azole compound has the following structure:
  • R 1 is selected from C 1 -C 10 linear alkyl, C 1 -C 10 branched alkyl, cyano group, amino, C 1 -C 10 alkylamino;
  • R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 10 linear alkyl, C 1 -C 10 branched alkyl, cyano, amino, C 1 -C 10 alkylamino , hydroxyl, halogen, nitro;
  • n is selected from an integer from 1 to 3.
  • R 1 is selected from C 1 -C 6 linear alkyl, C 1 -C 6 branched alkyl; more preferably, R 1 is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl , n-pentyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, isopentyl;
  • R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 linear alkyl, C 1 -C 6 branched alkyl; more preferably, R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is each independently selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, isopentyl;
  • n is selected from 2 or 3; more preferably, n is 3;
  • the pentacyclic azole compound is a compound represented by Formula 1 or Formula 9:
  • the pentacyclic azole compound is N-methylimidazole or pentylenetetrazole
  • the preparation method of the compound of formula I as mentioned above is characterized in that it also includes the following steps:
  • the dosage of the pentacyclic azole compound or salt in step 1) is 0.01 mol% to 10 mol% of the compound of formula III, preferably 0.05 mol% to 5 mol%; the pentacyclic azole compound or salt in step 2) is The dosage is 0.01 mol% to 10 mol% of the compound of formula IV, preferably 0.05 mol% to 5 mol%.
  • reaction temperatures of step 1) and step 2) are each independently -10 to 150°C, preferably -5 to 120°C, and more preferably 0 to 100°C.
  • reaction times of step 1) and step 2) are each independently 1 to 24 hours, preferably 3 to 18 hours.
  • steps 1) and 2) need to be carried out in the presence of an organic solvent and an acid binding agent;
  • the acid binding agent is selected from inorganic bases or organic bases; the inorganic base is selected from metal hydroxides, metal carbonates, and metal bicarbonates.
  • the metal of the inorganic base may be an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, for example alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, etc.; and alkaline earth metals such as magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium etc., for example.
  • the inorganic base is selected from carbonates or bicarbonates, such as potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate.
  • the organic base includes but is not limited to aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, alkali metal salts of alcohols or alkyl lithiums, such as triethylamine, tripropylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, 4-diisopropylethylamine, Methylaminopyridine, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, phenyllithium, lithium diisopropylamide, lithium hexamethyldisilazide.
  • the acid binding agent is selected from potassium carbonate and sodium methoxide.
  • the solvents include: aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as petroleum ether, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, toluene, xylene; halogenated hydrocarbons, such as chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane , chlorobenzene, trichloroethane; esters, such as ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, methyl formate, ethyl formate, isopropyl acetate, trimethyl orthoformate; ethers, such as diethyl ether, dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, Diisopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, methyl tert-amyl ether, dioxane; ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclohexanone;
  • the invention provides a method for preparing azoxystrobin shown in formula I:
  • the pentacyclic azole compound has the following structure:
  • R 1 is selected from C 1 -C 10 linear alkyl, C 1 -C 10 branched alkyl, cyano group, amino, C 1 -C 10 alkylamino;
  • R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 10 linear alkyl, C 1 -C 10 branched alkyl, cyano, amino, C 1 -C 10 alkylamino , hydroxyl, halogen, nitro;
  • n is selected from an integer from 1 to 3.
  • R 1 is selected from C 1 -C 6 linear alkyl, C 1 -C 6 branched alkyl; more preferably, R 1 is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl , n-pentyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, isopentyl;
  • R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 linear alkyl, C 1 -C 6 branched alkyl; more preferably, R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is each independently selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, isopentyl;
  • n is selected from 2 or 3; more preferably, n is 3;
  • the pentacyclic azole compound is a compound represented by Formula 1 or Formula 9:
  • the pentacyclic azole compound is N-methylimidazole or pentylenetetrazole.
  • the preparation method of the compound of formula I also includes the following steps:
  • the dosage of the pentacyclic azole compound or salt in step 1) is 0.01 mol% to 10 mol% of the compound of formula VI, preferably 0.05 mol% to 5 mol%; the pentacyclic azole compound or salt in step 2) is The dosage is 0.01 mol% to 10 mol% of the compound of formula IV, preferably 0.05 mol% to 5 mol%.
  • reaction temperatures of step 1) and step 2) are each independently -10 to 150°C, preferably -5 to 120°C, more preferably 0 to 100°C,
  • reaction times of step 1) and step 2) are each independently 1 to 24 hours, preferably 3 to 18 hours.
  • step 1) and step 2) need to be carried out in the presence of an organic solvent and an acid binding agent;
  • the acid binding agent is selected from inorganic bases or organic bases; the inorganic base is selected from metal hydroxides, metal carbonates, and metal bicarbonates.
  • the metal of the inorganic base may be an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, for example alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, etc.; and alkaline earth metals such as magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium etc., for example.
  • the inorganic base is selected from carbonates or bicarbonates, such as potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate.
  • the organic base includes but is not limited to aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, alkali metal salts of alcohols or alkyl lithiums, such as triethylamine, tripropylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, 4-diisopropylethylamine, Methylaminopyridine, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, phenyllithium, lithium diisopropylamide, lithium hexamethyldisilazide.
  • the acid binding agent is selected from potassium carbonate and sodium methoxide.
  • the solvents include: aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as petroleum ether, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, toluene, xylene; halogenated hydrocarbons, such as chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane , chlorobenzene, trichloroethane; esters, such as ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, methyl formate, ethyl formate, isopropyl acetate, trimethyl orthoformate; ethers, such as diethyl ether, dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, Diisopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, methyl tert-amyl ether, dioxane; ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclohexanone;
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing a compound of formula III, which includes the following steps:
  • the compound of formula III is prepared from the compound of formula IV and the compound of formula V under the catalysis of the pentacyclic azole compound or salt:
  • the dosage of the pentacyclazole compound or its salt is 0.01 mol% to 10 mol% of the compound of formula IV, preferably 0.05 mol% to 5 mol%.
  • the reaction temperature is -10 ⁇ 150°C, preferably -5 ⁇ 120°C, more preferably 0 ⁇ 100°C;
  • the reaction time is 1 to 24 hours, preferably 3 to 18 hours;
  • the reaction needs to be carried out in the presence of an organic solvent and an acid binding agent;
  • the acid binding agent is selected from potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, triethylamine, tripropylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, Sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, phenyllithium, lithium diisopropylamide, lithium hexamethyldisilamide. Most preferably, the acid binding agent is selected from potassium carbonate and sodium methoxide.
  • the solvent is selected from: petroleum ether, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, toluene, xylene, chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, trichloroethane, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate , methyl formate, ethyl formate, isopropyl acetate, trimethyl orthoformate, diethyl ether, dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, diisopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, methyl tert-amyl ether, dioxygen Heterocyclohexane, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylformamide, N- Methyl-pyrrol
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing a compound of formula VI, which includes the following steps:
  • the compound of formula VI is prepared from the compound of formula II and the compound of formula IV under the catalysis of the pentacyclic azole compound or salt:
  • the amount of the pentacyclic azole compound or salt is 0.01 mol% to 10 mol% of the compound of formula IV, preferably 0.05 mol% to 5 mol%.
  • the reaction temperature is -10 ⁇ 150°C, preferably -5 ⁇ 120°C, more preferably 0 ⁇ 100°C,
  • the reaction time is 1 to 24 hours, preferably 3 to 18 hours
  • the reaction needs to be carried out in the presence of an organic solvent and an acid binding agent;
  • the acid binding agent is selected from potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, triethylamine, tripropylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, Sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, phenyllithium, lithium diisopropylamide, lithium hexamethyldisilamide. Most preferably, the acid binding agent is selected from potassium carbonate and sodium methoxide.
  • the solvent is selected from: petroleum ether, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, toluene, xylene, chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, trichloroethane, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate , methyl formate, ethyl formate, isopropyl acetate, trimethyl orthoformate, diethyl ether, dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, diisopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, methyl tert-amyl ether, dioxygen Heterocyclohexane, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylformamide, N- Methyl-pyrrol
  • the aforementioned method for preparing a compound of formula I or a compound of intermediate formula III is characterized in that the purity of the prepared formula I or intermediate formula III is not less than 98%, preferably not less than 99%.
  • the present invention provides a method for controlling dimer impurities in a product containing azoxystrobin represented by Formula I, characterized in that: the dimer impurity structure is as represented by Formula VII and/or Formula VIII. Show:
  • the pentacyclic azole compounds described in methods A) and B) are as defined above.
  • WO2020/212919 discloses a method of using diazabicycloundec-7-ene and diazabicyclonon-5-ene compounds as catalysts to prepare azoxystrobin and its intermediates, this method can reduce the Polymer impurities, but the catalyst used in this patent document is of a completely different type than the catalyst of the present invention, so the catalyst of the present invention is not obvious.
  • the inventors of the present invention finally obtained the pentacyclazole catalyst of the present invention, which can maintain a high yield while also preparing pyrimidines with high purity.
  • Mycostrobin and its intermediates and can significantly reduce the content of dimer impurities in azoxystrobin products.
  • the method of the present invention has high product purity and can avoid the generation of dimer impurities
  • the catalyst of the present invention has a simple structure, is cheap, and is easy to prepare. It can not only reduce the impurity content, but also save costs compared with other catalysts disclosed in the prior art.
  • the method of the present invention has a simple preparation process, a short process flow, and is easy to realize industrialization.
  • halogen includes chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine.
  • alkali metals include lithium, sodium, potassium, and the like.
  • the salts of pentacyclazole compounds described herein include inorganic salts and organic salts.
  • Inorganic salts include hydrochlorides, sulfates, nitrates and phosphates.
  • the organic salt may be selected from the group including formate, acetate, benzoate, trifluoroacetate, citrate, succinate, maleate, fumarate and oxalate.
  • Acid binding agents described herein include inorganic bases or organic bases; the inorganic bases are selected from metal hydroxides, metal carbonates, and metal bicarbonates.
  • the metal of the inorganic base may be an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, for example alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, etc.; and alkaline earth metals such as magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium etc., for example.
  • the inorganic base is selected from carbonates or bicarbonates, such as potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate.
  • the organic base includes but is not limited to aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, alkali metal salts of alcohols or alkyl lithiums, such as triethylamine, tripropylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, 4-diisopropylethylamine, Methylaminopyridine, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, phenyllithium, lithium diisopropylamide, lithium hexamethyldisilazide.
  • the acid binding agent is selected from potassium carbonate and sodium methoxide.
  • Solvents described herein include: aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons such as petroleum ether, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, toluene, xylene; halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloromethane Ethane, chlorobenzene, trichloroethane; esters, such as ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, methyl formate, ethyl formate, isopropyl acetate, trimethyl orthoformate; ethers, such as diethyl ether, dimethyl ether, Tetrahydrofuran, diisopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, methyl tert-amyl ether, dioxane; ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclohexanone

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种制备嘧菌酯的方法。本发明的方法以五环唑类化合物或其盐作为催化剂,催化制得嘧菌酯,所述五环唑类化合物优选为N-甲基咪唑和戊四唑。使用本发明的方法能够大大减少二聚体杂质的生成,提高了产物的纯度,并且催化剂的价格便宜,易于合成,可显著降低生产成本,具有很好的工业应用价值。

Description

一种制备嘧菌酯及其中间体的方法
本申请要求于2022年05月26日提交中国专利局、申请号为202210578038.1、发明名称为“一种制备嘧菌酯及其中间体的方法”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制备嘧菌酯及其中间体的方法。
背景技术
嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)是一种新型高效、广谱、内吸性甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂,化学名称为(E)-2-[2-[6-(2-氰基苯氧基)嘧啶-4-基氧基]苯基]-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯。该杀菌剂可用于茎叶喷雾、种子处理,也可进行土壤处理,对几乎所有真菌纲病害均有良好活性。由于高效、广谱、低毒等特点,嘧菌酯成为近一时期竞相开发的热点,目前已经报道了多种合成路线。
WO92/08703公开了一种制备嘧菌酯的方法,通过2-氰基苯酚与(E)-2-[2-(6-氯-嘧啶-4-基氧基)苯基]-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯反应制备的。此方法也是目前大部分生产企业采用的合成方法,其中关键中间体(E)-2-[2-(6-氯-嘧啶-4-基氧基)苯基]-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯的合成,条件比较苛刻,需要高温、高真空,合成难度大,对反应收率报道的差距较大。
WO2006/114572和WO2008/043978公开了用DABCO作催化剂制备嘧菌酯或新型的嘧菌酯乙缩醛前体时,相对昂贵的催化剂用量明显减少,而产率没有减少。除了降低生产成本外,减少了催化剂在水处理废液中的排放量。
WO2017/060917公开了一种通过在存在选自由冠醚或聚乙二醇(PEG)组成的组的催化剂的情况下使邻氰基苯酚与3-甲氧基(2-(2-(6-氯嘧啶)-4-基)氧苯基)丙烯酸甲酯反应来制备嘧菌酯的方法
WO2020/212919公开了使用二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯和二氮杂二环壬-5-烯化合物作为催化剂来制备嘧菌酯及其中间体的方法,该方法能够降低二聚体杂质的生成。
范朝辉等(一种制备嘧菌酯及其中间体的高效催化剂[J].农药,2019,58(7):483-486)公开了以1-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷-6-醇作为催化剂制备嘧菌酯,该方法制得的产物为2-(2-((6-氯嘧啶-4-基)氧基)苯基)-3,3-二甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯和E-2-{2-[6-氯嘧啶-4-基氧基]苯基}-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯混合物,含量总和为95.4%。
现有技术公开的用于制备嘧菌酯及其中间体的方法存在收率和纯度不能满足工业化生产的需要,因此,仍然需要提供一种用于制备嘧菌酯及其中间体的高效的方法。
本发明人惊奇地发现,使用本发明的五环唑类化合物作为催化剂来制备嘧菌酯及其中间体的方法,能够以高收率和基本上不含杂质的高纯度提供所需化合物。
发明内容
第一方面,本发明提供了一种制备嘧菌酯及其中间体的方法。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种五环唑类化合物或其盐的用途,其特征在于,将五环唑类化合物或其盐作为催化剂用于制备式I所示的嘧菌酯;
所述五环唑类化合物为如下结构:
其中:R1选自C1-C10的直链烷基,C1-C10的支链烷基,氰基,氨基,C1-C10烷基氨基;
R2、R3和R4各自独立地选自氢,C1-C10的直链烷基,C1-C10的支链烷基,氰基,氨基,C1-C10烷基氨基,羟基,卤素,硝基;
n选自1~3的整数。
优选地,R1选自C1-C6的直链烷基,C1-C6的支链烷基;更优选地,R1选自甲基,乙基,正丙基,正丁基,正戊基,异丙基,异丁基,异戊基;
优选地,R2、R3和R4各自独立地选自氢,C1-C6的直链烷基,C1-C6的支链烷基;更优选地,R2、R3和R4各自独立地选自氢,甲基,乙基,正丙基,正丁基,正戊基,异丙基,异丁基,异戊基;
优选地,n选自2或3;更优选地,n为3。
优选地,所述五环唑类化合物为如下的式一或式九所示化合物:
其中:R1、R2、R3、R4和n的定义如前;
更优选地,所述五环唑类化合物为N-甲基咪唑或戊四唑。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种五环唑类化合物或其盐的用途,其特征在于,使用五环唑类化合物或其盐作为催化剂用于制备式III或式VI化合物;
其中Q选自(E)-2-(3-甲氧基)丙烯酸甲酯基团,2-(3,3-二甲氧基)丙酸甲酯基团,或者所述两个基团的混合物;
所述五环唑类化合物为如下结构:
其中:R1选自C1-C10的直链烷基,C1-C10的支链烷基,氰基,氨基,C1-C10烷基氨基;
R2、R3和R4各自独立地选自氢,C1-C10的直链烷基,C1-C10的支链烷基,氰基,氨基,C1-C10烷基氨基,羟基,卤素,硝基;
n选自1~3的整数。
优选地,R1选自C1-C6的直链烷基,C1-C6的支链烷基;更优选地,R1选自甲基,乙基,正丙基,正丁基,正戊基,异丙基,异丁基,异戊基;
优选地,R2、R3和R4各自独立地选自氢,C1-C6的直链烷基,C1-C6的支链烷基;更优选地,R2、R3和R4各自独立地选自氢,甲基,乙基,正丙基,正丁基,正戊基,异丙基,异丁基,异戊基;
优选地,n选自2或3;更优选地,n为3。
优选地,所述五环唑类化合物为如下的式一或式九所示化合物:
其中:R1、R2、R3、R4和n的定义如前。
更优选地,所述五环唑类化合物为N-甲基咪唑或戊四唑。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种制备式I所示嘧菌酯的方法:
包括如下步骤:
1)在五环唑类化合物或它们的盐存在下,使式II化合物与式III化合物反应制得式I化合物,
其中Q选自(E)-2-(3-甲氧基)丙烯酸甲酯基团,2-(3,3-二甲氧基)丙酸甲酯基团,或者所述两个基团的混合物;
所述五环唑类化合物为如下结构:
其中:R1选自C1-C10的直链烷基,C1-C10的支链烷基,氰基,氨基,C1-C10烷基氨基;
R2、R3和R4各自独立地选自氢,C1-C10的直链烷基,C1-C10的支链烷基,氰基,氨基,C1-C10烷基氨基,羟基,卤素,硝基;
n选自1~3的整数。
优选地,R1选自C1-C6的直链烷基,C1-C6的支链烷基;更优选地,R1选自甲基,乙基,正丙基,正丁基,正戊基,异丙基,异丁基,异戊基;
优选地,R2、R3和R4各自独立地选自氢,C1-C6的直链烷基,C1-C6的支链烷基;更优选地,R2、R3和R4各自独立地选自氢,甲基,乙基,正丙基,正丁基,正戊基,异丙基,异丁基,异戊基;
优选地,n选自2或3;更优选地,n为3;
更优选地,所述五环唑类化合物为式一或式九所示化合物:
最优选地,所述五环唑类化合物为N-甲基咪唑或戊四唑;
所述制备化合物式I的方法,其中化合物III为式IIIa或式IIIb的化合物:
所述制备化合物式I的方法,其中化合物III为化合物式IIIa和式IIIb的混合物:
另一方面,如前所述的式I化合物的制备方法,其特征在于还包括如下步骤:
2)由式IV的化合物和式V的化合物在所述五环唑类化合物或盐催化下制备得到式III化合物:
优选地,所述步骤1)的五环唑类化合物或盐的用量为式III化合物的0.01mol%~10mol%,优选0.05mol%~5mol%;步骤2)的五环唑类化合物或盐的用量为式IV化合物的0.01mol%~10mol%,优选0.05mol%~5mol%。
优选地,步骤1)和步骤2)的反应温度各自独立地为-10~150℃,优选为-5~120℃,更优选为0~100℃。
优选地,步骤1)和步骤2)的反应时间各自独立地为1~24小时,优选为3~18小时
优选地,步骤1)和2)需要在有机溶剂和缚酸剂存在下进行;
所述缚酸剂选自无机碱或有机碱;所述无机碱选自金属氢氧化物,金属碳酸盐,金属碳酸氢盐。无机碱的金属可以是碱金属或碱土金属,例如诸如锂、钠、钾等的碱金属;以及例如诸如镁、钙、锶、钡等的碱土金属。优选地,所述无机碱选自碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐,例如碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠。所述有机碱包括但不限于脂族胺、芳族胺、醇的碱金属盐或烷基锂,例如三乙胺,三丙基胺,N,N-二异丙基乙胺,4-二甲基胺基吡啶,甲醇钠,乙醇钠,苯基锂,二异丙基胺基锂,六甲基二硅胺基锂。最优先地,所述缚酸剂选自碳酸钾、甲醇钠。
所述溶剂包括:脂族、脂环族和芳族烃,诸如石油醚、己烷、庚烷、环己烷、甲苯、二甲苯;卤代烃,诸如氯仿、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、氯苯、三氯乙烷;酯,诸如乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、甲酸甲酯、甲酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯,原甲酸三甲酯;醚,诸如乙醚、二甲醚、四氢呋喃、二异丙基醚、甲基叔丁基醚、甲基叔戊基醚、二氧杂环己烷;酮,诸如丙酮、丁酮、甲基异丁基酮和环己酮;酰胺,诸如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基-吡咯烷酮和六甲基磷酰三胺;醇,诸如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇和正丙醇;或它们的混合物。在一个优选实施方案中,根据本发明的反应在二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中进行。
如前所述的制备式I化合物的方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
1)在N-甲基咪唑或戊四唑,或它们的盐的催化下式IV所示的4,6-二氯嘧啶与式V所示的3-(甲氧甲烯基)-2(3H)苯丙呋喃酮反应,制得化合物IIIa;
2)分离出化合物III或者无需分离出化合物IIIa;
3)可选择性地纯化得到化合物(E)-2-{2-[6-氯嘧啶-4-基氧]苯基}-3-甲氧丙烯酸甲酯(式IIIa化合物)
4)将(E)-2-{2-[6-氯嘧啶-4-基氧]苯基}-3-甲氧丙烯酸甲酯(式IIIa化合物)与式II化合物,在N-甲基咪唑或戊四唑催化下,制得式I所示的嘧菌酯。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种制备式I所示嘧菌酯的方法:
包括如下步骤:
1)在五环唑类化合物或它们的盐存在下,使化合物式V与化合物式VI反应制得式I化合物,
所述五环唑类化合物为如下结构:
其中:R1选自C1-C10的直链烷基,C1-C10的支链烷基,氰基,氨基,C1-C10烷基氨基;
R2、R3和R4各自独立地选自氢,C1-C10的直链烷基,C1-C10的支链烷基,氰基,氨基,C1-C10烷基氨基,羟基,卤素,硝基;
n选自1~3的整数。
优选地,R1选自C1-C6的直链烷基,C1-C6的支链烷基;更优选地,R1选自甲基,乙基,正丙基,正丁基,正戊基,异丙基,异丁基,异戊基;
优选地,R2、R3和R4各自独立地选自氢,C1-C6的直链烷基,C1-C6的支链烷基;更优选地,R2、R3和R4各自独立地选自氢,甲基,乙基,正丙基,正丁基,正戊基,异丙基,异丁基,异戊基;
优选地,n选自2或3;更优选地,n为3;
更优选地,所述五环唑类化合物为式一或式九所示化合物:
最优选地,所述五环唑类化合物为N-甲基咪唑或戊四唑。
另一方面,所述式I化合物的制备方法还包括如下步骤:
2)由式II的化合物和式IV的化合物在所述五环唑类化合物或盐催化下制备得到式VI化合物:
优选地,所述步骤1)的五环唑类化合物或盐的用量为式VI化合物的0.01mol%~10mol%,优选0.05mol%~5mol%;步骤2)的五环唑类化合物或盐的用量为式IV化合物的0.01mol%~10mol%,优选0.05mol%~5mol%。
优选地,步骤1)和步骤2)的反应温度各自独立地为-10~150℃,优选为-5~120℃,更优选为0~100℃,
优选地,步骤1)和步骤2)的反应时间各自独立地为1~24小时,优选为3~18小时
优选地,步骤1)和步骤2)需要在有机溶剂和缚酸剂存在下进行;
所述缚酸剂选自无机碱或有机碱;所述无机碱选自金属氢氧化物,金属碳酸盐,金属碳酸氢盐。无机碱的金属可以是碱金属或碱土金属,例如诸如锂、钠、钾等的碱金属;以及例如诸如镁、钙、锶、钡等的碱土金属。优选地,所述无机碱选自碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐,例如碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠。所述有机碱包括但不限于脂族胺、芳族胺、醇的碱金属盐或烷基锂,例如三乙胺,三丙基胺,N,N-二异丙基乙胺,4-二甲基胺基吡啶,甲醇钠,乙醇钠,苯基锂,二异丙基胺基锂,六甲基二硅胺基锂。最优先地,所述缚酸剂选自碳酸钾、甲醇钠。
所述溶剂包括:脂族、脂环族和芳族烃,诸如石油醚、己烷、庚烷、环己烷、甲苯、二甲苯;卤代烃,诸如氯仿、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、氯苯、三氯乙烷;酯,诸如乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、甲酸甲酯、甲酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯,原甲酸三甲酯;醚,诸如乙醚、二甲醚、四氢呋喃、二异丙基醚、甲基叔丁基醚、甲基叔戊基醚、二氧杂环己烷;酮,诸如丙酮、丁酮、甲基异丁基酮和环己酮;酰胺,诸如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基-吡咯烷酮和六甲基磷酰三胺;醇,诸如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇和正丙醇;或它们的混合物。在一个优选实施方案中,根据本发明的反应在二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中进行。
如前所述的制备式I化合物的方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
1)在N-甲基咪唑或戊四唑,或它们的盐催化下,式IV所示的4,6-二氯嘧啶与式II所示的邻氰基苯酚反应生成式VI所示的2[(6-氯-4-嘧啶基)氧基]苯腈;
2)可选择性地分离出产物;
3)在N-甲基咪唑或戊四唑,或它们的盐催化下,式VI所示的2[(6-氯-4-嘧啶基)氧基]苯腈与式V所示的3-(甲氧甲烯基)-2(3H)苯丙呋喃酮反应;
4)选择性地从反应混合物中分离出粗产物;
5)选择性地纯化粗产物得到嘧菌酯。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种制备式III化合物的方法,其包括如下步骤:
由式IV的化合物和式V的化合物在所述五环唑类化合物或盐催化下制备得到式III化合物:
其中Q是(E)-2-(3-甲氧基)丙烯酸甲酯基团C(CO2CH3)=CHOCH3或2-(3,3-二甲氧基)丙酸甲酯基团C(CO2CH3)CH(OCH3)2,或者所述两个基团的混合物。
所述五环唑类化合物或其盐的用量为式IV化合物的0.01mol%~10mol%,优选0.05mol%~5mol%。
优选地,反应温度为-10~150℃,优选为-5~120℃,更优选为0~100℃;
优选地,反应时间为1~24小时,优选为3~18小时;
优选地,该反应需要在有机溶剂和缚酸剂存在下进行;
所述缚酸剂选自碳酸钾,碳酸氢钾,碳酸钠,碳酸氢钠,三乙胺,三丙基胺,N,N-二异丙基乙胺,4-二甲基胺基吡啶,甲醇钠,乙醇钠,苯基锂,二异丙基胺基锂,六甲基二硅胺基锂。最优选地,所述缚酸剂选自碳酸钾、甲醇钠。
所述溶剂选自:石油醚、己烷、庚烷、环己烷、甲苯、二甲苯、氯仿、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、氯苯、三氯乙烷、乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、甲酸甲酯、甲酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯,原甲酸三甲酯、乙醚、二甲醚、四氢呋喃、二异丙基醚、甲基叔丁基醚、甲基叔戊基醚、二氧杂环己烷、丙酮、丁酮、甲基异丁基酮、环己酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基-吡咯烷酮、六甲基磷酰三胺、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇和正丙醇;或它们的混合物。在一个优选实施方案中,根据本发明的反应在二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中进行。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种制备式VI化合物的方法,其包括如下步骤:
由式II的化合物和式IV的化合物在所述五环唑类化合物或盐催化下制备得到式VI化合物:
优选地,所述五环唑类化合物或盐的用量为式IV化合物的0.01mol%~10mol%,优选0.05mol%~5mol%。
优选地,反应温度为-10~150℃,优选为-5~120℃,更优选为0~100℃,
优选地,反应时间为1~24小时,优选为3~18小时
优选地,所述反应需要在有机溶剂和缚酸剂存在下进行;
所述缚酸剂选自碳酸钾,碳酸氢钾,碳酸钠,碳酸氢钠,三乙胺,三丙基胺,N,N-二异丙基乙胺,4-二甲基胺基吡啶,甲醇钠,乙醇钠,苯基锂,二异丙基胺基锂,六甲基二硅胺基锂。最优选地,所述缚酸剂选自碳酸钾、甲醇钠。
所述溶剂选自:石油醚、己烷、庚烷、环己烷、甲苯、二甲苯、氯仿、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、氯苯、三氯乙烷、乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、甲酸甲酯、甲酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯、原甲酸三甲酯,乙醚、二甲醚、四氢呋喃、二异丙基醚、甲基叔丁基醚、甲基叔戊基醚、二氧杂环己烷、丙酮、丁酮、甲基异丁基酮、环己酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基-吡咯烷酮、六甲基磷酰三胺、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇和正丙醇;或它们的混合物。在一个优选实施方案中,根据本发明的反应在二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中进行。
另一方面,如前所述的制备式I化合物或中间体式III化合物的方法,其特征在于:制得的式I或中间体式III的纯度不低于98%,优选不低于99%。
如前所述的制备式I化合物的方法,其中如式VII所示的杂质含量不高于0.3%,优选不高于0.2%,更优选不高于0.1%,最优选不高于0.05%;
其中Q是(E)-2-(3-甲氧基)丙烯酸甲酯基团C(CO2CH3)=CHOCH3或2-(3,3-二甲氧基)丙酸甲酯基团C(CO2CH3)CH(OCH3)2,或者所述两个基团的混合物。
如前所述的制备式I化合物的方法,其中如式VII和VIII所示的杂质含量不高于0.3%,优选不高于0.2%,更优选不高于0.1%,最优选不高于0.05%;
另一方面,本发明提供了一种控制含式I所示的嘧菌酯的产物中二聚体杂质的方法,其特征在于:所述二聚体杂质结构如式VII和/或式VIII所示:
其中Q是(E)-2-(3-甲氧基)丙烯酸甲酯基团C(CO2CH3)=CHOCH3或2-(3,3-二甲氧基)丙酸甲酯基团C(CO2CH3)CH(OCH3)2,或者所述两个基团的混合物;
所述含式I所示的嘧菌酯的产物通过如下方法制备得到:
A)在五环唑类化合物或它们的盐存在下,使化合物式II与化合物式III反应制得式I化合物,
其中Q是(E)-2-(3-甲氧基)丙烯酸甲酯基团C(CO2CH3)=CHOCH3或2-(3,3-二甲氧基)丙酸甲酯基团C(CO2CH3)CH(OCH3)2,或者所述两个基团的混合物;
或者
B)在五环唑类化合物或它们的盐存在下,使化合物式V与化合物式VI反应制得式I化合物,
其中方法A)和B)中所述的五环唑类化合物如前文所定义。
在由化合物IV(4,6-二氯嘧啶)和化合物V(3-(甲氧甲烯基)-2(3H)苯丙呋喃酮)制备化合物III的过程中,由于原料4,6-二氯嘧啶的环上存在两个氯原子,其均可与化合物V发生缩合反应,如果催化剂活性过高,会导致生成二聚体杂质VII。并且该二聚体杂质较难通过重结晶、打浆等常规纯化方式除去,会随着后续反应的进行,继续残留在相应的中间体和产物中,进而会影响最终产物嘧菌酯的纯度。
相应地,在由化合物IV(4,6-二氯嘧啶)和化合物II(邻氰基苯酚)制备化合物VI的过程中,如果4,6-二氯嘧啶的环上的两个氯原子均与化合物V反应,也会导致二聚体杂质VIII的生成。并且该二聚体杂质较难通过重结晶、打浆等常规纯化方式除去,会随着后续反应的进行,继续残留在相应的中间体和产物中,进而影响最终产物嘧菌酯的纯度。
因此,如何选择合适的催化剂,使得产物和中间体能够保持较高的纯度,并且尽可能地降低二聚体杂质的生成,这是本领域技术人员一直以来的追求。现有技术中虽然公开了多种方法用于制备嘧菌酯,但是所述方法并未关注如何降低生产过程中存在的二聚体杂质的问题。例如,WO2006/114572、WO2008/043978公开了用DABCO作为催化剂,但是其并未公开和/或教导如何降低二聚体杂质。
WO2020/212919虽然公开了使用二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯和二氮杂二环壬-5-烯化合物作为催化剂来制备嘧菌酯及其中间体的方法,该方法能够降低二聚体杂质,但是该专利文献使用的催化剂与本发明的催化剂属于完全不同的类型,因而本发明的催化剂是非显而易见的。
本发明的发明人经过大量的工作,通过对多种催化剂进行筛选,最终获得了本发明的五环唑类催化剂,该催化剂能够维持较高的收率的同时,还能够高纯度地制备得到嘧菌酯及其中间体,并且可以大幅度降低嘧菌酯产物中二聚体杂质的含量。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明的方法与工业上生产嘧菌酯的方法相比,产品纯度高,可避免二聚体杂质的生成;
(2)本发明的催化剂结构简单,价格便宜,也易于制备,不仅能够降低杂质含量,而且相对于现有技术公开的其他催化剂,能节约成本。
(3)本发明的方法制备过程简单,工艺流程短,易于实现工业化。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例来具体说明本发明的内容。在本发明中,以下实施例是为了更好地阐述本发明,并不是用来限制本发明的范围。下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
出于以下详细描述的目的,应当理解,除非明确相反地指明,否则本发明可采取各种替代变型和步骤顺序。此外,除了在任何操作示例中或另外指示之外,表示例如在说明书中使用的材料/成分的量的所有数字在所有情况下均应理解为由术语“约”来修饰。
因此,在详细描述本发明之前,应当理解,本发明不限于当然可变化的特定举例说明的系统或工艺参数。还应当理解,本文所用的术语仅出于描述本发明的特定实施方案的目的,而无意以任何方式限制本发明的范围。在本说明书中任何地方使用的示例(包括本文讨论的任何术语的示例)仅是例示性的,绝不限制本发明或任何举例说明的术语的范围和含义。同样,本发明不限于本说明书中给出的各种实施方案。除非另有定义,否则本文所用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属领域的普通技术人员通常所理解相同的含义。如发生矛盾,以本文件(包括定义)为准。
必须注意,如本说明书中所用,单数形式“一个”、“一种”和“该”包括复数指代物,除非内容中另有明确规定。术语“优选的”和“优选地”是指在某些情况下可提供某些益处的本发明的实施方案。然而,在相同或其他情况下,其他实施方案也可以是优选的。此外,对一个或多个优选实施方案的表述并不暗示其他实施方案是不可用的,并且并非旨在将其他实施方案排除在本发明的范围之外。
如本文所用,卤素包括氯、溴、碘和氟。
如本文所用,碱金属包括锂、钠、钾等。
如本文所用,术语“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”、“涉及”等应理解为开放式的,即 意指包括但不限于。
本文所述的五环唑类化合物的盐,包括无机盐和有机盐。无机盐包括盐酸盐、硫酸盐、硝酸盐和磷酸盐。有机盐可以选自包括甲酸盐、乙酸盐、苯甲酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、柠檬酸盐、琥珀酸盐、马来酸盐、延胡索酸盐和草酸盐的组。
本文所述的缚酸剂包括无机碱或有机碱;所述无机碱选自金属氢氧化物,金属碳酸盐,金属碳酸氢盐。无机碱的金属可以是碱金属或碱土金属,例如诸如锂、钠、钾等的碱金属;以及例如诸如镁、钙、锶、钡等的碱土金属。优选地,所述无机碱选自碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐,例如碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠。所述有机碱包括但不限于脂族胺、芳族胺、醇的碱金属盐或烷基锂,例如三乙胺,三丙基胺,N,N-二异丙基乙胺,4-二甲基胺基吡啶,甲醇钠,乙醇钠,苯基锂,二异丙基胺基锂,六甲基二硅胺基锂。最优先地,所述缚酸剂选自碳酸钾、甲醇钠。
本文所述的溶剂包括:脂族、脂环族和芳族烃,诸如石油醚、己烷、庚烷、环己烷、甲苯、二甲苯;卤代烃,诸如氯仿、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、氯苯、三氯乙烷;酯,诸如乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、甲酸甲酯、甲酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯,原甲酸三甲酯;醚,诸如乙醚、二甲醚、四氢呋喃、二异丙基醚、甲基叔丁基醚、甲基叔戊基醚、二氧杂环己烷;酮,诸如丙酮、丁酮、甲基异丁基酮和环己酮;酰胺,诸如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基-吡咯烷酮和六甲基磷酰三胺;醇,诸如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇和正丙醇;或它们的混合物。在一个优选实施方案中,根据本发明的反应在二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中进行。
本发明的优点和其他参数通过下文提供的实施例示出。然而,本发明的范围不以任何方式受这些实施例限制。虽然已经根据特定实施方案描述了本发明,但是某些修改形式和等同形式对于本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的并且旨在包括在本发明的范围内。
实例1
不存在催化剂的情况下嘧菌酯(化合物1A)的制备
将(E)-2-{2-[6-氯嘧啶-4-基氧基]苯基}-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯(41.9g,96.%,0.125mol)、2-氰基苯酚(17.8g,99%,0.148mol)、碳酸钾(10g,98%,0.071mol)在DMF中搅拌混匀,将混合液加热升温至90℃,并保持9-10小时。通过真空负蒸馏除去DMF,将甲苯(100mL),水(60mL)加入至该蒸馏釜残中,将两项混合液加热至60℃,搅拌30分钟,静置分项。该甲苯溶液,以50-60℃在真空条件下回收溶剂,将釜残以甲醇和水的混合溶液 结晶,得到标题产物(纯度87.3%,二聚体0.3%,收率为82.4%)
实例2
1mol%N-甲基咪唑为催化剂的情况下嘧菌酯(化合物1A)的制备
将(E)-2-{2-[6-氯嘧啶-4-基氧基]苯基}-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯(41.9g,96.%,0.125mol)、2-氰基苯酚(17.8g,99%,0.148mol)、碳酸钾(10g,98%,0.071mol)在DMF中搅拌混匀,加入N-甲基咪唑(0.1g,99%,0.0012mol),将混合液加热升温至90℃,并保持9-10小时。通过真空负蒸馏除去DMF,将甲苯(100mL),水(60mL)加入至该蒸馏釜残中,将两项混合液加热至60℃,搅拌30分钟,静置分项。该甲苯溶液,以50-60℃在真空条件下回收溶剂,将釜残以甲醇和水的混合溶液结晶,得到标题产物(纯度99.3%,二聚体0.02%,收率95.1%)
实例3
2mol%N-甲基咪唑为催化剂的情况下嘧菌酯(化合物1A)的制备
将(E)-2-{2-[6-氯嘧啶-4-基氧基]苯基}-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯(41.9g,96.%,0.125mol)、2-氰基苯酚(17.8g,99%,0.148mol)、碳酸钾(10g,98%,0.071mol)在DMF中搅拌混匀,加入N-甲基咪唑(0.2g,99%,0.0024mol),将混合液加热升温至90℃,并保持9-10小时。通过真空负蒸馏除去DMF,将甲苯(100mL),水(60mL)加入至该蒸馏釜残中,将两项混合液加热至60℃,搅拌30分钟,静置分项。该甲苯溶液,以50-60℃在真空条件下回收溶剂,将釜残以甲醇和水的混合溶液结晶,得到标题产物(纯度99.6%,二聚体0.03%,收率95.5%)
实例4
10mol%N-甲基咪唑为催化剂的情况下嘧菌酯(化合物1A)的制备
将(E)-2-{2-[6-氯嘧啶-4-基氧基]苯基}-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯(41.9g,96.%,0.125mol)、2-氰基苯酚(17.8g,99%,0.148mol)、碳酸钾(10g,98%,0.071mol)在DMF中搅拌混匀,加入N-甲基咪唑(1g,99%,0.012mol),将混合液加热升温至90℃,并保持9-10小时。通过真空负蒸馏除去DMF,将甲苯(100mL),水(60mL)加入至该蒸馏釜残中,将两项混合液加热至60℃,搅拌30分钟,静置分项。该甲苯溶液,以50-60℃在真空条件下回收溶剂,将釜残以甲醇和水的混合溶液结晶,得到标题产物(纯度99.3%,二聚体0.05%,收率94.8%)
实例5
1mol%戊四唑为催化剂的情况下嘧菌酯(化合物1A)的制备
将(E)-2-{2-[6-氯嘧啶-4-基氧基]苯基}-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯(41.9g,96.%,0.125mol)、2-氰基苯酚(17.8g,99%,0.148mol)、碳酸钾(10g,98%,0.071mol)在DMF中搅拌混匀,加入戊四唑(0.2g,99%,0.0014mol),将混合液加热升温至90℃,并保持9-10小时。通过真空负蒸馏除去DMF,将甲苯(100mL),水(60mL)加入至该蒸馏釜残中,将两项混合液加热至60℃,搅拌30分钟,静置分项。该甲苯溶液,以50-60℃在真空条件下回收溶剂,将釜残以甲醇和水的混合溶液结晶,得到标题产物(纯度99.6%,二聚体0.05%,收率94.9%)
实例6
2mol%戊四唑为催化剂的情况下嘧菌酯(化合物1A)的制备
将(E)-2-{2-[6-氯嘧啶-4-基氧基]苯基}-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯(41.9g,96.%,0.125mol)、2-氰基苯酚(17.8g,99%,0.148mol)、碳酸钾(10g,98%,0.071mol)在DMF中搅拌混匀,加入戊四唑(0.4g,99%,0.0028mol),将混合液加热升温至90℃,并保持9-10小时。通过真空负蒸馏除去DMF,将甲苯(100mL),水(60mL)加入至该蒸馏釜残中,将两项混合液加热至60℃,搅拌30分钟,静置分项。该甲苯溶液,以50-60℃在真空条件下回收溶剂,将釜残以甲醇和水的混合溶液结晶,得到标题产物(纯度99.4%,二聚体0.04%收率95.1%)
实例7
10mol%戊四唑为催化剂的情况下嘧菌酯(化合物1A)的制备
将(E)-2-{2-[6-氯嘧啶-4-基氧基]苯基}-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯(41.9g,96.%,0.125mol)、2-氰基苯酚(17.8g,99%,0.148mol)、碳酸钾(10g,98%,0.071mol)在DMF中搅拌混匀,加入戊四唑(1.8g,99%,0.013mol),将混合液加热升温至90℃,并保持9-10小时。通过真空负蒸馏除去DMF,将甲苯(100mL),水(60mL)加入至该蒸馏釜残中,将两项混合液加热至60℃,搅拌30分钟,静置分项。该甲苯溶液,以50-60℃在真空条件下回收溶剂,将釜残以甲醇和水的混合溶液结晶,得到标题产物(纯度99.5%,二聚体0.03%,收率94.9%)
实例8
不存在催化剂的情况下(E)-2-(2-((6-氯嘧啶-4-基)氧基)苯基)-3-甲氧基丙烯酸酯(化合物Ⅲa)的制备
将(Z)-3-(甲氧基亚甲基)苯并呋喃-2(3H)-酮固体(50g,99%,0.284mol),4,6-二氯嘧啶(54.97g,99%,0.369mol),在甲苯中搅拌均匀,制得混合液,调节温度为20~25℃,将甲醇钠/甲醇溶液(73.99g,29%,0.397mol)缓慢滴加入此混合液,滴完后在此温度下保温1小时,加入5%的盐酸100g,将两项混合液加热至65~70℃,搅拌30分钟,静置分项,将甲苯相,以50-60℃在真空条件下回收溶剂,将瓶内油状残余物加热至130℃至135℃。添加硫酸氢钾(0.386g,0.003mol),并将反应混合物在130℃至135℃和15mmHg至22mmHg真空下搅拌3小时。再在甲醇(50ml)中结晶,得标题产物(纯度为88.2%,二聚体0.1%,收率82.3%)。
实例9
2.5mol%N-甲基咪唑为催化剂的情况下(E)-2-(2-((6-氯嘧啶-4-基)氧基)苯基)-3-甲氧基丙烯酸酯(化合物Ⅲa)的制备
将(Z)-3-(甲氧基亚甲基)苯并呋喃-2(3H)-酮固体(50g,99%,0.284mol),4,6-二氯嘧啶(54.97g,99%,0.369mol),N-甲基咪唑(0.58g,99%,0.007mol),在甲苯中搅拌均匀,制得混合液,调节温度为20~25℃,将甲醇钠/甲醇溶液(73.99g,29%,0.397mol)缓慢滴加入此混合液,滴完后在此温度下保温1小时,加入5%的盐酸100g,将两项混合液加热至65~70℃,搅拌30分钟,静置分项,将甲苯相,以50-60℃在真空条件下回收溶剂,将瓶内油状残余物加热至130℃至135℃。添加硫酸氢钾(0.386g,0.003mol),并将反应混合物在130℃至135℃和15mmHg至22mmHg真空下搅拌3小时。再在甲醇(50ml)中结晶,得标题产物(纯度为97.6%,二聚体0.06%,收率90.2%)。
实例10
5mol%N-甲基咪唑为催化剂的情况下(E)-2-(2-((6-氯嘧啶-4-基)氧基)苯基)-3-甲氧基丙烯酸酯(化合物Ⅲa)的制备
将(Z)-3-(甲氧基亚甲基)苯并呋喃-2(3H)-酮固体(50g,99%,0.284mol),4,6-二氯嘧啶(54.97g,99%,0.369mol),N-甲基咪唑(1.16g,99%,0.014mol),在甲苯中搅拌均匀,制得混合液,调节温度为20~25℃,将甲醇钠/甲醇溶液(73.99g,29%,0.397mol)缓慢滴加入此混合液,滴完后在此温度下保温1小时,加入5%的盐酸100g,将两项混合液加热至65~70℃,搅拌30分钟,静置分项,将甲苯相,以50-60℃在真空条件下回收溶剂,将瓶内油状残余物加热至130℃至135℃。添加硫酸氢钾(0.386g,0.003mol),并将反应混合物在130℃至135℃和15mmHg至22mmHg真空下搅拌3小时。再在甲醇(50ml) 中结晶,得标题产物(纯度为98.1%,二聚体0.05%,收率90.8%)。
实例11
2.5mol%4-甲基-1,2,4-三唑为催化剂的情况下(E)-2-(2-((6-氯嘧啶-4-基)氧基)苯基)-3-甲氧基丙烯酸酯(化合物Ⅲa)的制备
将(Z)-3-(甲氧基亚甲基)苯并呋喃-2(3H)-酮固体(50g,99%,0.284mol),4,6-二氯嘧啶(54.97g,99%,0.369mol),4-甲基-1,2,4-三唑(0.59g,99%,0.007mol),在甲苯中搅拌均匀,制得混合液,调节温度为20~25℃,将甲醇钠/甲醇溶液(73.99g,29%,0.397mol)缓慢滴加入此混合液,滴完后在此温度下保温1小时,加入5%的盐酸100g,将两项混合液加热至65~70℃,搅拌30分钟,静置分项,将甲苯相,以50-60℃在真空条件下回收溶剂,将瓶内油状残余物加热至130℃至135℃。添加硫酸氢钾(0.386g,0.003mol),并将反应混合物在130℃至135℃和15mmHg至22mmHg真空下搅拌3小时。再在甲醇(50ml)中结晶,得标题产物(纯度为94.2%,二聚体0.13%,收率85.4%)
实例12
2.5mol%戊四唑为催化剂的情况下(E)-2-{2-[6-氯嘧啶-4-基氧基]苯基}-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯(化合物Ⅲa)的制备
将(Z)-3-(甲氧基亚甲基)苯并呋喃-2(3H)-酮固体(50g,99%,0.284mol),4,6-二氯嘧啶(54.97g,99%,0.369mol),戊四唑(0.96g,99%,0.007mol),在甲苯中搅拌均匀,制得混合液,调节温度为20~25℃,将甲醇钠/甲醇溶液(73.99g,29%,0.397mol)缓慢滴加入此混合液,滴完后在此温度下保温1小时,加入5%的盐酸100g,将两项混合液加热至65~70℃,搅拌30分钟,静置分项,将甲苯相,以50-60℃在真空条件下回收溶剂,将瓶内油状残余物加热至130℃至135℃。添加硫酸氢钾(0.386g,0.003mol),并将反应混合物在130℃至135℃和15mmHg至22mmHg真空下搅拌3小时。再在甲醇(50ml)中结晶,得标题产物(纯度为98.6%,二聚体0.04%,收率89.9%)
实例13
2.5mol%N-甲基咪唑为催化剂的情况下2-[(6-氯-4-嘧啶基)氧基]-苯甲腈(化合物Ⅵ)的制备
将4,6-二氯嘧啶(98%,92g,0.605mol)、碳酸钾(104.5g,0.765mol)和N-甲基咪唑(1.24g,0.015mol)的混合物在甲苯中搅拌均,调节温度至60℃将邻氰基苯酚的甲苯溶液滴加到混合物中,将混合物在60℃处搅拌6小时,然后冷却,分离有机相并用5%NaOH 洗涤,将水相用甲苯萃取,将合并的有机萃取物蒸馏部分溶剂,得到产物,将产物在0-5℃结晶过滤,干燥得到纯2-[(6-氯-4-嘧啶基)氧基]-苯甲腈(纯度96.5%,二聚体0.17%,收率94.2%)
实例14
2.5mol%N-甲基咪唑为催化剂的情况下下嘧菌酯(化合物1A)的制备
在10℃至15℃处,向3-(甲氧基亚甲基)-2(3H)-苯并呋喃酮(97%,181.4g,1.0mol)在DMF中搅拌混合物中添加2-[(6-氯-4嘧啶基)氧基]-苯甲腈(96.6%,251.6g,1.05mol)。在10℃至15℃处,向反应混合物中添加催化量的N-甲基咪唑(2.06g,0.025mol),然后滴加甲醇钠(30%甲醇钠甲醇溶液,219g,1.22mol),并将反应物料在10℃至15℃保温1h,通过真空负蒸馏除去DMF,将甲苯(200mL),水(120mL)加入至该蒸馏釜残中,将两项混合液加热至60℃,搅拌30分钟,静置分项,将甲苯相,以50-60℃在真空条件下回收溶剂,将瓶内油状残余物加热至130℃至135℃。添加硫酸氢钾(0.127g,0.01mol),并将反应混合物在130℃至135℃和15mmHg至22mmHg真空下搅拌3小时。再在甲醇(50ml)中结晶,得标题产物(纯度为纯度99.2%,二聚体含量0.03%,收率94.6%)
实例15
2.5mol%戊四唑为催化剂的情况下2-[(6-氯-4-嘧啶基)氧基]-苯甲腈(化合物Ⅵ)的制备
将4,6-二氯嘧啶(98%,92g,0.605mol)、碳酸钾(104.5g,0.765mol)和戊四唑(2.34g,0.015mol)的混合物在甲苯中搅拌均,调节温度至60℃将邻氰基苯酚的甲苯溶液滴加到混合物中,将混合物在60℃处搅拌6小时,然后冷却,分离有机相并用5%NaOH洗涤,将水相用甲苯萃取,将合并的有机萃取物蒸馏部分溶剂,得到产物,将产物在0-5℃结晶过滤,干燥得到纯2-[(6-氯-4-嘧啶基)氧基]-苯甲腈(纯度98.8%,二聚体0.05%,收率94.1%)
实例16
2.5mol%戊四唑为催化剂的情况下下嘧菌酯(化合物1A)的制备
在10℃至15℃处,向3-(甲氧基亚甲基)-2(3H)-苯并呋喃酮(97%,181.4g,1.0mol)在DMF中搅拌混合物中添加2-[(6-氯-4嘧啶基)氧基]-苯甲腈(96.6%,251.6g,1.05mol)。在10℃至15℃处,向反应混合物中添加催化量的戊四唑(3.4g,0.025mol),然后滴加甲醇钠(30%甲醇钠甲醇溶液,219g,1.22mol),并将反应物料在10℃至15℃保温1h,通过真空负蒸馏除去DMF,将甲苯(200mL),水(120mL)加入至该蒸馏釜残中,将两项混合液 加热至60℃,搅拌30分钟,静置分项,将甲苯相,以50-60℃在真空条件下回收溶剂,将瓶内油状残余物加热至130℃至135℃。添加硫酸氢钾(0.127g,0.01mol),并将反应混合物在130℃至135℃和15mmHg至22mmHg真空下搅拌3小时。再在甲醇(50ml)中结晶,得标题产物(纯度为纯度99.1%,二聚体含量0.07%,收率94.8%)。
实例17
不存在催化剂的情况下2-[(6-氯-4-嘧啶基)氧基]-苯甲腈(化合物Ⅵ)的制备
将4,6-二氯嘧啶(98%,92g,0.605mol)、碳酸钾(104.5g,0.765mol)的混合物在甲苯中搅拌均,调节温度至60℃将邻氰基苯酚的甲苯溶液滴加到混合物中,将混合物在60℃处搅拌6小时,然后冷却,分离有机相并用5%NaOH洗涤,将水相用甲苯萃取,将合并的有机萃取物蒸馏部分溶剂,得到产物,将产物在0-5℃结晶过滤,干燥得到纯2-[(6-氯-4-嘧啶基)氧基]-苯甲腈(纯度89.7%,二聚体0.16%,收率85%)
实例18
不存在催化剂的情况下下嘧菌酯(化合物1A)的制备
在10℃至15℃处,向3-(甲氧基亚甲基)-2(3H)-苯并呋喃酮(97%,181.4g,1.0mol)在DMF中搅拌混合物中添加2-[(6-氯-4嘧啶基)氧基]-苯甲腈(96.6%,251.6g,1.05mol)。在10℃至15℃处,向反应混合物中添加催化量的,然后滴加甲醇钠(30%甲醇钠甲醇溶液,219g,1.22mol),并将反应物料在10℃至15℃保温1h,通过真空负蒸馏除去DMF,将甲苯(200mL),水(120mL)加入至该蒸馏釜残中,将两项混合液加热至60℃,搅拌30分钟,静置分项,将甲苯相,以50-60℃在真空条件下回收溶剂,将瓶内油状残余物加热至130℃至135℃。添加硫酸氢钾(0.127g,0.01mol),并将反应混合物在130℃至135℃和15mmHg至22mmHg真空下搅拌3小时。再在甲醇(50ml)中结晶,得标题产物(纯度为纯度83.4%,二聚体含量0.13%,收率83.2%)。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种五环唑类化合物或其盐的用途,其特征在于,将五环唑类化合物或其盐作为催化剂用于制备式I所示的嘧菌酯;
    所述五环唑类化合物为如下结构:
    其中:R1选自C1-C10的直链烷基,C1-C10的支链烷基,氰基,氨基,C1-C10烷基氨基;
    R2、R3和R4各自独立地选自氢,C1-C10的直链烷基,C1-C10的支链烷基,氰基,氨基,C1-C10烷基氨基,羟基,卤素,硝基;
    n选自1~3的整数;
    优选地,R1选自C1-C6的直链烷基,C1-C6的支链烷基;更优选地,R1选自甲基,乙基,正丙基,正丁基,正戊基,异丙基,异丁基,异戊基;
    优选地,R2、R3和R4各自独立地选自氢,C1-C6的直链烷基,C1-C6的支链烷基;更优选地,R2、R3和R4各自独立地选自氢,甲基,乙基,正丙基,正丁基,正戊基,异丙基,异丁基,异戊基;
    优选地,n选自2或3;更优选地,n为3;
    优选地,所述五环唑类化合物为如下的式一或式九所示化合物:
    其中:R1、R2、R3、R4和n的定义如前;
    更优选地,所述五环唑类化合物为N-甲基咪唑或戊四唑。
  2. 一种五环唑类化合物或其盐的用途,其特征在于,使用五环唑类化合物或其盐作为催化剂用于制备式III或式VI化合物;
    其中Q选自(E)-2-(3-甲氧基)丙烯酸甲酯基团,2-(3,3-二甲氧基)丙酸甲酯基团,或者所述两个基团的混合物;
    所述五环唑类化合物为如下结构:
    其中:R1选自C1-C10的直链烷基,C1-C10的支链烷基,氰基,氨基,C1-C10烷基氨基;
    R2、R3和R4各自独立地选自氢,C1-C10的直链烷基,C1-C10的支链烷基,氰基,氨基,C1-C10烷基氨基,羟基,卤素,硝基;
    n选自1~3的整数;
    优选地,R1选自C1-C6的直链烷基,C1-C6的支链烷基;更优选地,R1选自甲基,乙基,正丙基,正丁基,正戊基,异丙基,异丁基,异戊基;
    优选地,R2、R3和R4各自独立地选自氢,C1-C6的直链烷基,C1-C6的支链烷基;更优选地,R2、R3和R4各自独立地选自氢,甲基,乙基,正丙基,正丁基,正戊基,异丙基,异丁基,异戊基;
    优选地,n选自2或3;更优选地,n为3;
    优选地,所述五环唑类化合物为如下的式一或式九所示化合物:
    其中:R1、R2、R3、R4和n的定义如前;
    更优选地,所述五环唑类化合物为N-甲基咪唑或戊四唑。
  3. 一种制备式I所示嘧菌酯的方法:
    包括如下步骤:
    1)在五环唑类化合物或它们的盐存在下,使式II化合物与式III化合物反应制得式I化合物,
    其中Q选自(E)-2-(3-甲氧基)丙烯酸甲酯基团,2-(3,3-二甲氧基)丙酸甲酯基团,或者所述两个基团的混合物;
    所述五环唑类化合物为如下结构:
    其中:R1选自C1-C10的直链烷基,C1-C10的支链烷基,氰基,氨基,C1-C10烷基氨基;
    R2、R3和R4各自独立地选自氢,C1-C10的直链烷基,C1-C10的支链烷基,氰基,氨基,C1-C10烷基氨基,羟基,卤素,硝基;
    n选自1~3的整数;
    优选地,R1选自C1-C6的直链烷基,C1-C6的支链烷基;更优选地,R1选自甲基,乙基,正丙基,正丁基,正戊基,异丙基,异丁基,异戊基;
    优选地,R2、R3和R4各自独立地选自氢,C1-C6的直链烷基,C1-C6的支链烷基;更优选地,R2、R3和R4各自独立地选自氢,甲基,乙基,正丙基,正丁基,正戊基,异丙基,异丁基,异戊基;
    优选地,n选自2或3;更优选地,n为3;
    更优选地,所述五环唑类化合物为式一或式九所示化合物:
    最优选地,所述五环唑类化合物为N-甲基咪唑或戊四唑。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:化合物III为式IIIa或式IIIb的化合物:
    或者
    化合物III为化合物式IIIa和式IIIb的混合物:
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于还包括如下步骤:
    2)由式IV的化合物和式V的化合物在所述五环唑类化合物或盐催化下制备得到式III化合物:
  6. 根据权利要求3或5所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
    所述步骤1)的五环唑类化合物或盐的用量为式III化合物的0.01mol%~10mol%,优选0.05mol%~5mol%;步骤2)的五环唑类化合物或盐的用量为式IV化合物的0.01mol%~10mol%,优选0.05mol%~5mol%;
    优选地,步骤1)和步骤2)的反应温度各自独立地为-10~150℃,优选为-5~120℃,更优选为0~100℃,
    优选地,步骤1)和步骤2)的反应时间各自独立地为1~24小时,优选为3~18小时;
    优选地,步骤1)和2)需要在有机溶剂和缚酸剂存在下进行;
    所述缚酸剂选自无机碱或有机碱;优选地,所述无机碱选自碱金属碳酸盐,碱土金属碳酸盐,碱金属碳酸氢盐,碱土金属碳酸氢盐,例如碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠;所述有机碱包括但不限于脂族胺、芳族胺、醇的碱金属盐或烷基锂,例如三乙胺,三丙基胺,N,N-二异丙基乙胺,4-二甲基胺基吡啶,甲醇钠,乙醇钠,苯基锂,二异丙基胺 基锂,六甲基二硅胺基锂;最优选地,所述缚酸剂选自碳酸钾、甲醇钠;
    所述有机溶剂包括:脂族、脂环族和芳族烃,诸如石油醚、己烷、庚烷、环己烷、甲苯、二甲苯;卤代烃,诸如氯仿、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、氯苯、三氯乙烷;酯,诸如乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、甲酸甲酯、甲酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯,原甲酸三甲酯;醚,诸如乙醚、二甲醚、四氢呋喃、二异丙基醚、甲基叔丁基醚、甲基叔戊基醚、二氧杂环己烷;酮,诸如丙酮、丁酮、甲基异丁基酮和环己酮;酰胺,诸如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基-吡咯烷酮和六甲基磷酰三胺;醇,诸如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇和正丙醇;或它们的混合物;最优选地,所述溶剂为二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
    1)在N-甲基咪唑或戊四唑,或它们的盐的催化下式IV所示的4,6-二氯嘧啶与式V所示的3-(甲氧甲烯基)-2(3H)苯丙呋喃酮反应,制得化合物IIIa;
    2)分离出化合物III或者无需分离出化合物IIIa;
    3)可选择性地纯化得到化合物(E)-2-{2-[6-氯嘧啶-4-基氧]苯基}-3-甲氧丙烯酸甲酯(式IIIa化合物);
    4)将(E)-2-{2-[6-氯嘧啶-4-基氧]苯基}-3-甲氧丙烯酸甲酯(式IIIa化合物)与式II化合物,在N-甲基咪唑或戊四唑催化下,制得式I所示的嘧菌酯。
  8. 一种制备式I所示嘧菌酯的方法:
    包括如下步骤:
    1)在五环唑类化合物或它们的盐存在下,使化合物式V与化合物式VI反应制得式I化合物,
    所述五环唑类化合物为如下结构:
    其中:R1选自C1-C10的直链烷基,C1-C10的支链烷基,氰基,氨基,C1-C10烷基氨基;
    R2、R3和R4各自独立地选自氢,C1-C10的直链烷基,C1-C10的支链烷基,氰基,氨基,C1-C10烷基氨基,羟基,卤素,硝基;
    n选自1~3的整数;
    优选地,R1选自C1-C6的直链烷基,C1-C6的支链烷基;更优选地,R1选自甲基,乙基,正丙基,正丁基,正戊基,异丙基,异丁基,异戊基;
    优选地,R2、R3和R4各自独立地选自氢,C1-C6的直链烷基,C1-C6的支链烷基;更优选地,R2、R3和R4各自独立地选自氢,甲基,乙基,正丙基,正丁基,正戊基,异丙基,异丁基,异戊基;
    优选地,n选自2或3;更优选地,n为3;
    更优选地,所述五环唑类化合物为式一或式九所示化合物:
    最优选地,所述五环唑类化合物为N-甲基咪唑或戊四唑。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于还包括如下步骤:
    2)由式II的化合物和式IV的化合物在所述五环唑类化合物或盐催化下制备得到式VI化合物:
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
    所述步骤1)的五环唑类化合物或盐的用量为式VI化合物的0.01mol%~10mol%,优选0.05mol%~5mol%;步骤2)的五环唑类化合物或盐的用量为式IV化合物的0.01mol%~10mol%,优选0.05mol%~5mol%;
    步骤1)和步骤2)的反应温度各自独立地为-10~150℃,优选为-5~120℃,更优选为0~100℃;
    步骤1)和步骤2)的反应时间各自独立地为1~24小时,优选为3~18小时;
    步骤1)和步骤2)需要在有机溶剂和缚酸剂存在下进行;
    所述缚酸剂选自无机碱或有机碱;优选地,所述无机碱选自碱金属碳酸盐,碱土金属碳酸盐,碱金属碳酸氢盐,碱土金属碳酸氢盐,例如碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠;所述有机碱包括但不限于脂族胺、芳族胺、醇的碱金属盐或烷基锂,例如三乙胺,三丙基胺,N,N-二异丙基乙胺,4-二甲基胺基吡啶,甲醇钠,乙醇钠,苯基锂,二异丙基胺基锂,六甲基二硅胺基锂;最优选地,所述缚酸剂选自碳酸钾、甲醇钠;
    所述有机溶剂包括:脂族、脂环族和芳族烃,诸如石油醚、己烷、庚烷、环己烷、甲苯、二甲苯;卤代烃,诸如氯仿、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、氯苯、三氯乙烷;酯,诸如乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、甲酸甲酯、甲酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯,原甲酸三甲酯;醚,诸如乙醚、二甲醚、四氢呋喃、二异丙基醚、甲基叔丁基醚、甲基叔戊基醚、二氧杂环己烷;酮,诸如丙酮、丁酮、甲基异丁基酮和环己酮;酰胺,诸如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基-吡咯烷酮和六甲基磷酰三胺;醇,诸如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇和正丙醇;或它们的混合物;最优选地,所述溶剂为二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
    1)在N-甲基咪唑或戊四唑,或它们的盐催化下,式IV所示的4,6-二氯嘧啶与式II所示的邻氰基苯酚反应生成式VI所示的2[(6-氯-4-嘧啶基)氧基]苯腈;
    2)可选择性地分离出产物;
    3)在N-甲基咪唑或戊四唑,或它们的盐催化下,式VI所示的2[(6-氯-4-嘧啶基)氧基]苯腈与式V所示的3-(甲氧甲烯基)-2(3H)苯丙呋喃酮反应;
    4)选择性地从反应混合物中分离出粗产物;
    5)选择性地纯化粗产物得到嘧菌酯。
  12. 一种制备式III化合物的方法,其包括如下步骤:
    由式IV的化合物和式V的化合物在五环唑类化合物或盐催化下制备得到式III化合物:
    其中Q是(E)-2-(3-甲氧基)丙烯酸甲酯基团C(CO2CH3)=CHOCH3或2-(3,3-二甲氧基)丙酸甲酯基团C(CO2CH3)CH(OCH3)2,或者所述两个基团的混合物;
    其中所述五环唑类化合物如权利要求1中所定义;
    优选地,所述五环唑类化合物或其盐的用量为式IV化合物的0.01mol%~10mol%,优选0.05mol%~5mol%;
    优选地,反应温度为-10~150℃,优选为-5~120℃,更优选为0~100℃;
    优选地,反应时间为1~24小时,优选为3~18小时;
    优选地,该反应需要在有机溶剂和缚酸剂存在下进行;
    所述缚酸剂选自无机碱或有机碱;优选地,所述无机碱选自碱金属碳酸盐,碱土金属碳酸盐,碱金属碳酸氢盐,碱土金属碳酸氢盐,例如碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠;所述有机碱包括但不限于脂族胺、芳族胺、醇的碱金属盐或烷基锂,例如三乙胺,三丙基胺,N,N-二异丙基乙胺,4-二甲基胺基吡啶,甲醇钠,乙醇钠,苯基锂,二异丙基胺基锂,六甲基二硅胺基锂;最优选地,所述缚酸剂选自碳酸钾、甲醇钠;
    所述有机溶剂包括:脂族、脂环族和芳族烃,诸如石油醚、己烷、庚烷、环己烷、甲苯、二甲苯;卤代烃,诸如氯仿、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、氯苯、三氯乙烷;酯,诸如乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、甲酸甲酯、甲酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯,原甲酸三甲酯;醚,诸如乙醚、二甲醚、四氢呋喃、二异丙基醚、甲基叔丁基醚、甲基叔戊基醚、二氧杂环己烷;酮,诸如丙酮、丁酮、甲基异丁基酮和环己酮;酰胺,诸如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基-吡咯烷酮和六甲基磷酰三胺;醇,诸如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇和正丙醇;或它们的混合物;最优选地,所述溶剂为二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)。
  13. 一种制备式VI化合物的方法,其包括如下步骤:
    由式II的化合物和式IV的化合物在五环唑类化合物或盐催化下制备得到式VI化合物:
    其中所述五环唑类化合物如权利要求1中所定义;
    优选地,所述五环唑类化合物或盐的用量为式IV化合物的0.01mol%~10mol%,优选0.05mol%~5mol%;
    优选地,反应温度为-10~150℃,优选为-5~120℃,更优选为0~100℃;
    优选地,反应时间为1~24小时,优选为3~18小时;
    优选地,所述反应需要在有机溶剂和缚酸剂存在下进行;
    所述缚酸剂选自无机碱或有机碱;优选地,所述无机碱选自碱金属碳酸盐,碱土金属碳酸盐,碱金属碳酸氢盐,碱土金属碳酸氢盐,例如碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠;所述有机碱包括但不限于脂族胺、芳族胺、醇的碱金属盐或烷基锂,例如三乙胺,三丙基胺,N,N-二异丙基乙胺,4-二甲基胺基吡啶,甲醇钠,乙醇钠,苯基锂,二异丙基胺基锂,六甲基二硅胺基锂;最优选地,所述缚酸剂选自碳酸钾、甲醇钠;
    所述有机溶剂包括:脂族、脂环族和芳族烃,诸如石油醚、己烷、庚烷、环己烷、甲苯、二甲苯;卤代烃,诸如氯仿、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、氯苯、三氯乙烷;酯,诸如乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、甲酸甲酯、甲酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯,原甲酸三甲酯;醚,诸如乙醚、二甲醚、四氢呋喃、二异丙基醚、甲基叔丁基醚、甲基叔戊基醚、二氧杂环己烷;酮,诸如丙酮、丁酮、甲基异丁基酮和环己酮;酰胺,诸如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基-吡咯烷酮和六甲基磷酰三胺;醇,诸如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇和正丙醇;或它们的混合物;最优选地,所述溶剂为二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)。
  14. 如权利要求3-11任一项所述的制备式I化合物的方法,其特征在于:产物中式I所示的嘧菌酯的纯度不低于98%,优选不低于99%。
  15. 如权利要求12所述的制备式III化合物的方法,其特征在于:产物中式III化合物的纯度不低于98%,优选不低于99%。
  16. 如权利要求13所述的制备式VI化合物的方法,其特征在于:产物中式VI化合物的纯度不低于98%,优选不低于99%。
  17. 如权利要求3-11任一项所述的制备式I化合物的方法或权利要求12所述的制备式III化合物的方法,其特征在于:产物中如式VII和VIII所示的杂质含量不高于0.3%,优选不高于0.2%,更优选不高于0.1%,最优选不高于0.05%;
  18. 如权利要求13所述的制备式VI化合物的方法,其特征在于:产物中如VIII所示的杂质含量不高于0.3%,优选不高于0.2%,更优选不高于0.1%,最优选不高于0.05%;
  19. 一种控制含式I所示的嘧菌酯的产物中二聚体杂质的方法,其特征在于:所述二聚体杂质结构如式VII和/或式VIII所示:
    其中Q是(E)-2-(3-甲氧基)丙烯酸甲酯基团C(CO2CH3)=CHOCH3或2-(3,3-二甲氧基)丙酸甲酯基团C(CO2CH3)CH(OCH3)2,或者所述两个基团的混合物;
    所述含式I所示的嘧菌酯的产物通过如下方法制备得到:
    A)在五环唑类化合物或它们的盐存在下,使化合物式II与化合物式III反应制得式I化合物,
    其中Q是(E)-2-(3-甲氧基)丙烯酸甲酯基团C(CO2CH3)=CHOCH3或2-(3,3-二甲氧基)丙酸甲酯基团C(CO2CH3)CH(OCH3)2,或者所述两个基团的混合物;
    或者
    B)在五环唑类化合物或它们的盐存在下,使化合物式V与化合物式VI反应制得式I化合物,
    其中方法A)和B)中所述的五环唑类化合物如权利要求1所定义。
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