WO2023206493A1 - 换电系统 - Google Patents
换电系统 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023206493A1 WO2023206493A1 PCT/CN2022/090592 CN2022090592W WO2023206493A1 WO 2023206493 A1 WO2023206493 A1 WO 2023206493A1 CN 2022090592 W CN2022090592 W CN 2022090592W WO 2023206493 A1 WO2023206493 A1 WO 2023206493A1
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- Prior art keywords
- battery
- management device
- battery management
- power
- information
- Prior art date
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
Definitions
- the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery replacement system.
- battery swap technology has become one of the development methods of battery technology.
- the battery of the electrical device that drives into the battery swap station can be removed, and the battery can be taken out from the battery swap station for use. Replace the electrical device.
- Embodiments of the present application provide a power replacement system that can improve communication reliability in power replacement scenarios.
- a power swapping system including: a first battery management device installed in a power consumption device; a second battery management device installed in a battery in the power consumption device; and a third battery management device installed in a power consumption device.
- the management device is used to control the electrical device to replace the battery in the power swap station; wherein the first battery management device and the second battery management device are wirelessly connected, and the first battery management device and the third battery management device are connected wirelessly.
- the device is connected wirelessly.
- the first battery management device on the electric device is wirelessly connected to the second battery management device in the battery and the third battery management device in the management device in the battery swap station, and there will be no problems due to connectors or Communication problems caused by damage to the wiring harness improve communication reliability in power replacement scenarios.
- the power swap system also includes: a fourth battery management device, which is installed in a power swap cabinet in the power swap station.
- the power swap cabinet is used to charge the battery removed from the power device;
- the fourth battery management device is wirelessly connected to the second battery management device.
- a fourth battery management device is provided in the power swap cabinet, and the second battery management device is wirelessly connected to the second battery management device, so that a control module is no longer needed in each charging compartment in the power swap cabinet. , thus saving wiring harnesses and control modules and reducing costs.
- the power swap system further includes: a diagnostic device for performing fault diagnosis on at least one of the power consumption device, the management device and the battery; the diagnostic device is respectively connected to the first battery management device, the third The battery management device and the second battery management device are wirelessly connected.
- fault location can be quickly completed so that the fault can be eliminated in a timely manner.
- the third battery management device is configured to initiate a wireless connection request to the first battery management device before the power consumption device arrives at the power swap station and performs power swap.
- the first battery management device is configured to initiate a wireless connection request to the second battery management device after the battery is installed on the electrical device and no connection is established with the second battery management device.
- the first battery management device by the first battery management device initiating a wireless connection request to the second battery management device, and the third battery management device initiating a wireless connection request to the first battery management device, the first battery management device can communicate with the second battery management device.
- the wireless connection of the battery management device and the wireless connection of the third battery management device and the first battery management device can avoid communication problems caused by damage to the connector or wiring harness.
- the second battery management device is configured to send battery status information to the first battery management device after establishing a wireless connection with the first battery management device.
- the second battery management device may send battery status information to the first battery management device through a wireless connection to achieve precise control of the battery.
- the first battery management device is configured to send settlement information, power information, verification information, and vehicle body information of the electric device to the third battery management device after establishing a wireless connection with the third battery management device. At least one of posture information and battery status information.
- the first battery management device can send various information to the third battery management device through a wireless connection, so that the third battery management device can control various devices in the battery swap station to implement battery swap at the battery swap station.
- the third battery management device is configured to determine whether to replace the battery at a battery swap station in response to the status information of the battery.
- the third battery management device determines whether to replace the battery at the power swap station based on the status information of the battery on the power consumption device, which is helpful to avoid removing the battery from the power consumption device and then returning it. The situation of going back occurs, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of battery exchange.
- the status information of the battery includes parameter information of the battery, and the parameter information includes at least one of power, voltage and temperature; the third battery management device is configured to respond to the parameter information of the battery, determine the Fault information, and based on the battery fault information, determine whether to replace the battery at a battery swap station.
- the fault information of the battery is determined by the third battery management device instead of the first battery management device. Therefore, the third battery management device does not need to read the fault information obtained by the first battery management device, thus reducing signaling overhead.
- the status information of the battery includes fault information of the battery
- the third battery management device determines whether to replace the battery at a battery swap station in response to the fault information of the battery.
- fault information is used to explicitly indicate the fault of the battery, so that the third battery management device can directly use the fault information to determine whether to replace the battery. Therefore, the complexity of the logical judgment made by the third battery management device is reduced.
- the third battery management device is used to control the output device in the power swap station to output power swap information when it is determined that the battery is not to be replaced at the power swap station.
- the power swap information includes indicating to the user that replacement is not allowed. Electrical information.
- the third battery management device outputs the information that battery swapping is not allowed to the user through the output device of the battery swapping station, so that the user can promptly know that there is a fault in the power-using device that does not allow battery swapping, and thus can quickly remove the battery from the battery swapping station. Drive away to avoid affecting the electrical devices behind that need to be replaced.
- the verification information includes identification information of the electrical device and identification information of the battery
- the third battery management device is configured to query the identification information of the battery corresponding to the identification information of the electrical device, and determine the query Whether the identification information of the received battery is consistent with the identification information of the battery in the verification information.
- the third battery management device can verify the identification information of the battery in response to the verification information, which can avoid the occurrence of inconsistency between the electrical device and the battery, so that when abnormal behaviors such as replacing the battery without permission or replacing the battery by mistake, When this occurs, the third battery management device can refuse to replace the battery, thereby improving the reliability of the battery replacement process.
- the identification information of the battery is a Media Access Control (MAC) address.
- MAC Media Access Control
- the third battery management device is wirelessly connected to the fourth battery management device.
- the fourth battery management device can save the wiring harness between the third battery management device and the fourth battery management device through the wireless connection with the third battery management device, thereby saving costs.
- the third battery management device is configured to determine charging information according to the status information of the battery, and the fourth battery management device is configured to control the battery to charge in response to the charging information.
- the communication between the first battery management device and the second battery management device through the communication between the first battery management device and the second battery management device, the communication between the first battery management device and the third battery management device, the fourth battery management device and the second battery management device.
- the communication between the third battery management device and the fourth battery management device can realize the charging management process of the battery in the battery swap station without manual participation.
- the charging management process can be automated, which improves the efficiency of charging management. efficiency.
- the diagnostic device is configured to, after establishing a wireless connection with the first battery management device, send a fault clearing instruction to the first battery management device in response to the battery fault information sent by the first battery management device.
- the diagnostic device sends a fault clearing instruction to the first battery management device, so that the current fault of the first battery can be quickly cleared.
- the wireless connection is Bluetooth communication.
- Bluetooth communication is used, which has low power consumption and low latency within a short distance.
- the third battery management device is wirelessly connected to the second battery management device.
- the battery management device is a battery management unit BMU.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the application scenario of the power swap system provided by the embodiment of the present application.
- Figure 2 shows a schematic block diagram of the power swap system provided by the embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 3 shows another schematic block diagram of the power swap system provided by the embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 4 shows another schematic block diagram of the power swap system provided by the embodiment of the present application.
- the battery can be used as a power source to provide power for the vehicle.
- charging equipment such as charging piles can be used to charge the vehicle, that is, the battery in the vehicle is charged. Achieve battery charging and discharging cycles.
- battery charging takes a long time, which limits the vehicle's endurance.
- Battery swapping technology adopts the method of "vehicle battery separation", which can provide battery replacement services for vehicles through battery swapping stations, that is, the battery can be quickly removed or installed from the vehicle.
- the battery removed from the vehicle can be placed in the battery swap cabinet of the battery swap station for charging in preparation for battery swapping for subsequent vehicles entering the battery swap station.
- CAN Controller Area Network
- embodiments of the present application provide a power swap system.
- the battery management equipment on the power consumption device is wirelessly connected to the battery management equipment in the battery and the battery management equipment in the management device in the power swap station, without causing any problems.
- Communication problems caused by damaged connectors or wiring harnesses improve communication reliability in power replacement scenarios.
- the battery management device in the embodiment of the present application may be a battery management unit (Battery Management Unit, BMU) understood by those skilled in the art, or it may be an ordinary controller capable of wireless communication.
- BMU Battery Management Unit
- the battery management device can be a controller on the electrical device, which can realize the internal control of the battery.
- the function of the battery management unit can realize the functions of the battery management unit on the electrical device, and can also realize the functions of the existing vehicle control unit (VCU), which are not limited by those skilled in the art.
- VCU vehicle control unit
- Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the application scenario of the power swap system according to the embodiment of the present application.
- the application scenario of the power swap system may involve a power swap station 11, a vehicle 12 and a battery.
- the battery swap station 11 may refer to a place that provides battery swap services for vehicles.
- the power swap station 11 may be a fixed place, or the power swap station 11 may be a movable place such as a mobile battery swap vehicle, which is not limited here.
- the vehicle 12 may be removably connected to the battery.
- the vehicle 12 may be a car, a truck, or other vehicles that use a power battery as a power source.
- the battery may include a battery disposed in the vehicle 12 and a battery located in the battery swap station 11 for battery swapping.
- the battery 141 the battery used for power swapping in the battery swap station is referred to as the battery 142 .
- the battery may be a lithium-ion battery, a lithium metal battery, a lead-acid battery, a nickel separator battery, a nickel-metal hydride battery, a lithium-sulfur battery, a lithium-air battery, a sodium-ion battery, etc., and is not limited here.
- the battery can be a battery cell, a battery module or a battery pack, which is not limited here.
- the battery can also power other electrical devices in the vehicle 12 .
- the battery can also power the in-car air conditioner, car player, etc.
- the battery swap station 11 When the vehicle 12 equipped with the battery 141 drives into the battery swap station 11 , the battery swap station 11 removes the battery 141 from the vehicle 12 through the battery swap device, takes out the battery 142 from the battery swap station 11 , and then installs the battery 142 on the vehicle 12 . Afterwards, the vehicle 12 with the battery 142 installed can drive away from the battery swap station 11 . Through this power swap technology, the vehicle can be quickly replenished with energy within a few minutes or even tens of seconds, improving the user experience.
- the vehicle 12 may be provided with a first battery management unit 121 .
- the first battery management unit 121 is used to manage multiple batteries 141 installed on the vehicle.
- the batteries 141 are controlled to provide electric energy to electrical devices.
- the first battery management unit 121 may be called a master battery management unit (Master Battery Management Unit, MBMU).
- the battery (including battery 141 or battery 142) is provided with a second battery management unit 143.
- the second battery management unit 143 is used to manage the corresponding battery.
- the power swap station 11 may be provided with a corresponding management device.
- the management device may have a centralized structure or a distributed structure, which is not limited here.
- the management device can be installed inside the power swap station 11 or outside the power swap station 11 .
- the management device may also be partially installed inside the power swap station 11 and partially outside the power swap station 11 . For example, as shown in FIG.
- the management device may include a station control system 151 within the power swap station 11 and a cloud server 152 outside the power swap station 11 , which is not limited here.
- the management device is used to control the vehicle 12 to replace the battery in the battery swap station 11 .
- the station control system 151 may also be provided with a third battery management unit 153.
- the third battery management unit 153 may interact with the first battery management unit 121 on the vehicle 12 to implement battery swapping in the battery swap station 11.
- a power swap cabinet 13 may be provided in the power swap station 11 .
- the power swap cabinet 13 includes a fourth battery management unit 131 and a charging unit 132 .
- the power swap cabinet 13 may also be provided with multiple charging compartments 133 , and batteries used for power swapping may be placed in the charging compartments 133 of the power swap cabinet 13 of the power swap station 11 .
- the fourth battery management unit 131 may be used to control the charging unit 132 to charge the battery in the charging compartment 133 .
- the fourth battery management unit 131 may be called a central battery management unit (Charger Battery Management Unit, CBMU).
- the charging unit 132 may include an AC/DC module, that is, an AC/DC module and other components, devices or equipment with a charging function, which is not limited herein.
- the charging unit 132 can be provided in one-to-one correspondence with the charging compartments 133, or multiple charging compartments 133 can share one charging unit 132, which is not limited here.
- the second battery management unit 143 can be implemented using a battery management system (Battery Management System, BMS) corresponding to the battery; the first battery management unit 121 can be controlled by a battery disconnect unit (Battery Disconnect Unit, BDU). Modules can also be implemented through the BMS of one of the batteries.
- BMS Battery Management System
- BDU Battery Disconnect Unit
- the first battery management unit 121 may communicate with the second battery management unit 143
- the third battery management unit 153 may communicate with the first battery management unit 121
- the fourth battery management unit 131 may also communicate with the second battery management unit 143.
- the management unit 143 communicates.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic block diagram of the power swap system 200 according to the embodiment of the present application.
- the power exchange system 200 includes: a first battery management device 210, which is installed in the electric device; a second battery management device 220, which is installed in the battery of the electric device; and a third battery management device. 230.
- the management device is used to control the power device to replace the battery in the power swap station.
- the first battery management device 210 is wirelessly connected to the second battery management device 220
- the first battery management device 210 is wirelessly connected to the third battery management device 230.
- the electrical device can be a vehicle, and in the future, it may also be a device as small as a robot or as large as a ship or airplane that uses batteries to provide power or power.
- the embodiments of this application do not limit the electrical devices.
- the first battery management device 210 may be the first battery management unit 121 shown in FIG. 1
- the second battery management device 220 may be the second battery management unit 143 shown in FIG. 1
- the third battery The management device 230 may be the third battery management unit 153 shown in FIG. 1 .
- the first battery management device 210 on the power consumption device is respectively connected with the second battery management device 220 in the battery and the third battery management device 230 in the management device in the power swap station.
- Wireless connection will not cause communication problems caused by damage to connectors or wiring harnesses, thus improving communication reliability in power replacement scenarios.
- the second battery management device 220 may send battery status information to the first battery management device 210 through the wireless connection. For example, battery parameter information, fault information, battery relay closing status, etc.
- the third battery management device 230 can establish a wireless connection with the first battery management device 210 , and the first battery management device 210 can send a message to the third battery management device 230 through the wireless connection.
- the status information of the battery on the electric device is used so that the second battery management device 230 can perform fault detection on the battery on the electric device.
- the first battery management device 210 when the first battery management device 210 is wirelessly connected to the second battery management device 220 and the third battery management device 230 respectively, one of the two battery management units can be a master and the other is a slave. .
- the power swap system 200 can support a one-master-multiple-slave approach.
- the first battery management device 210 may be wirelessly connected to multiple second battery management devices 220 at the same time.
- the third battery management device 230 may wirelessly connect with multiple first battery management devices 210 at the same time.
- FIG. 3 shows another schematic block diagram of the power swap system 200 according to the embodiment of the present application.
- the power swap system 200 may also include a fourth battery management device 240, which is disposed in a power swap cabinet in the power swap station.
- the power swap cabinet is used to perform maintenance on the battery removed from the power device. Charging; the fourth battery management device 240 is wirelessly connected to the second battery management device.
- the fourth battery management device 240 may be the fourth battery management unit 131 described in FIG. 1 .
- the first battery management device 210 may disconnect the wireless connection with the second battery management device 220 .
- the third battery management device 230 can interact with the first battery management device to determine whether to replace the battery in the battery swap station.
- the fourth battery management device 240 may communicate with the second battery management device 220 Wireless connections, for example, enable battery entry and exit monitoring, real-time monitoring of battery status, battery failure detection and charging control.
- a fourth battery management device 240 is provided in the power swap cabinet, and the second battery management device 220 is wirelessly connected to the fourth battery management device 240, so that each charging compartment in the power swap cabinet no longer A control module is required, thereby saving wiring harnesses and control modules and reducing costs.
- FIG. 4 shows another schematic block diagram of the power swap system 200 provided by the embodiment of the present application.
- the power swap system 200 further includes a diagnostic device 250 for performing fault diagnosis on at least one of the power device, the management device, the battery, and the power swap cabinet.
- the diagnostic device is wirelessly connected to the first battery management device 210, the second battery management device 220, the third battery management device 230 and the fourth battery management device 240 respectively.
- the diagnostic device 250 can be used to perform fault diagnosis.
- the diagnostic device 250 can establish a wireless connection with the second battery management device 220, and obtain the internal status information of the battery through the wireless connection, such as battery fault information or battery parameter information, so as to realize fault diagnosis of the battery.
- the diagnostic device 250 can establish a wireless connection with the first battery management device 210, and determine whether it is a battery failure, a power management controller, a high-voltage box or other components on the electrical device through the data sent by the first battery management device 210. Fault.
- the diagnostic device 250 may establish a wireless connection with the third battery management device 230 to determine whether a failure occurs in the management device or a device controlled by the management device, such as a power replacement device.
- the diagnostic device 250 can also establish a wireless connection with the fourth battery management device 240 to determine which component in the power swap cabinet has failed.
- diagnosis device 250 After the diagnosis device 250 performs fault diagnosis on any equipment among the power consumption device, management device, battery and power replacement cabinet, it can prompt the maintenance personnel in time to eliminate the fault in time.
- the third battery management device 230 is configured to initiate a wireless connection request to the first battery management device 210 before the power device arrives at the power swap station and performs power swap.
- the first battery management device 210 is configured to send a signal to the second battery management device 220 after the battery is installed on the electrical device and no connection is established with the second battery management device 220 . Initiate a wireless connection request.
- the first battery management device 210 may serve as a master and the second battery management device 220 may serve as a slave. That is, the first battery management device 210 controls the timing of establishing or disconnecting wireless communication with the second battery management device 220 , and the third battery management device 230 controls the timing of establishing or disconnecting wireless communication with the first battery management device 210 .
- the first battery management device 210 will actively initiate the disconnection of the wireless connection with the second battery management device 220 on the battery, and then remove the battery from the battery swap station. After the battery is installed on the electrical device, the first battery management device 210 may actively initiate the establishment of a wireless connection with the second battery management device 220 on the newly installed battery. For another example, when the power-consuming device arrives at the power swap station, the third battery management device 230 can actively initiate the establishment of a wireless connection with the first battery management device 210 on the power-consuming device, and after the power swap is completed, the third battery management device 230 230 may actively initiate disconnection of the wireless connection with the first battery management device 210 on the power device.
- the third battery management device 230 can obtain the identification information of the electric device, for example, scan the vehicle's license plate information through a camera in the battery swap station, and the second battery management device 230 can obtain the identification information of the electric device.
- 220 can search the identification information of the battery that matches the identification information of the electric device in the cloud according to the identification information of the electric device, and then the third battery management device 230 can respond to the found identification information of the battery to the first battery.
- the management device 210 initiates a wireless connection request.
- the identification information of the battery may be the network address of the battery.
- the network address is a MAC address.
- the network address is an IP address.
- the first battery management device 210 initiating a wireless connection request to the second battery management device 220 and the third battery management device 230 initiating a wireless connection request to the first battery management device 210
- the first battery management can be implemented.
- the wireless connection between the device 210 and the second battery management device 220 and the wireless connection between the third battery management device 230 and the first battery management device 210 can avoid communication problems caused by damage to the connector or wiring harness.
- the second battery management device 220 is configured to send battery status information to the first battery management device 210 after establishing a wireless connection with the first battery management device 210 .
- the second battery management device 220 may send parameter information such as battery voltage, temperature, and power, battery fault information, and the closed state of the relay to the first battery management device 210 . Then the first battery management device 210 can perform corresponding control according to the information sent by the second battery management device 220, and transmit the corresponding control instructions to the second battery management device 220, so that the second battery management device 220 executes the Control instruction. For example, when the first battery management device 210 determines that the battery power is lower than a certain threshold, it may send a charging command to the second battery management device 220, and the second battery management device 220 may perform corresponding actions in response to the charging command to achieve Connect to the high-voltage system of the electrical device.
- the first battery management device 210 may send a charging command to the second battery management device 220, and the second battery management device 220 may perform corresponding actions in response to the charging command to achieve Connect to the high-voltage system of the electrical device.
- the first battery management device 210 may send a heating stop request to the second battery management device 220, so that the second battery management device 220 may perform corresponding actions in response to the heating stop request.
- the second battery management device 220 can send battery status information to the first battery management device 210 through a wireless connection to achieve precise control of the battery.
- the first battery management device 210 is configured to send the settlement information and power information of the electric device to the third battery management device 230 after establishing a wireless connection with the third battery management device 230. At least one of the verification information, the body posture information and the battery status information.
- Both the settlement information and the power information can be used to assist in calculating the cost of the power exchange for the electrical device.
- the verification information can be used to verify the matching of the electrical device and the battery.
- the vehicle body posture information can assist the third battery management device 230 in controlling the battery replacement of the electrical device.
- the battery status information is used by the third battery management device 230 to understand the battery status. After receiving the above various information, the third battery management device 230 can send the installation information, installation status, etc. to the first battery management device 210 through a wireless connection, thereby completing a series of authentication, package retrieval, package uninstallation, Actions such as packaging, self-inspection, and battery replacement completion station.
- the first battery management device 210 can send various information to the third battery management device 230 through a wireless connection, so that the third battery management device 230 can control each device to implement battery swapping at the battery swapping station.
- the third battery management device 230 is configured to respond to the status information of the battery and determine whether to replace the battery at a battery swap station.
- the electrical device may be equipped with one battery or multiple batteries.
- the first battery management device 210 may send status information of the multiple batteries to the third battery management device 230 .
- the third battery management device 230 may determine whether to replace the battery at a battery swap station based on the status information of the multiple batteries. In other words, as long as a battery on the power-consuming device has a fault that affects battery replacement, it is determined that the battery will not be replaced at the battery swap station.
- the third battery management device 230 determines whether to replace the battery at a power swap station based on the status information of the battery on the power consumption device, which is helpful to avoid removing the battery from the power consumption device and reinstalling it. The situation of returning occurs, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of battery exchange.
- the status information of the battery includes parameter information of the battery, which parameter information includes at least one of power, voltage and temperature.
- the third battery management device 230 is configured to respond to the parameter information of the battery. , determine the fault information of the battery, and determine whether to replace the battery at the battery swap station based on the fault information of the battery.
- the second battery management device 220 monitors various parameter information of the battery in real time, such as at least one of power, voltage and temperature.
- the second battery management device 220 may periodically send the monitored parameter information to the first battery management device 210 through a wireless connection.
- the third battery management device 230 can receive the parameter information sent by the first battery management device 210 through a wireless connection.
- the third battery management device 230 may determine the fault information of the battery based on the obtained parameter information of the battery; and further, the third battery management device 230 may determine whether to replace the battery based on the fault information of the battery.
- the third battery management device 230 determines that the fault indicated by the battery's fault information is a first-level fault based on the battery's parameter information, it can be considered that the fault is a fault that affects battery replacement, so it can be determined not to replace the battery; for another example, The third battery management device 230 determines that the fault indicated by the battery fault information is a secondary fault based on the battery parameter information, and then the fault can be considered to be a fault that does not affect battery replacement, so it can be determined to replace the battery.
- the fault information of the battery is determined by the third battery management device 230 rather than by the first battery management device 210 . Therefore, the third battery management device 230 does not need to read the fault information obtained by the first battery management device 210, thus reducing signaling overhead.
- the battery status information includes battery fault information; the third battery management device 230 determines whether to replace the battery at a battery swap station in response to the battery fault information.
- the first battery management device 210 can obtain the parameter information of the battery in real time. When it is determined that the battery has failed, it can query the fault code table to generate a fault code (that is, fault information), and store it in the storage unit on the electrical device. Inside. When the electric device arrives at the battery swap station, the third battery management device 230 can obtain the fault code stored in the storage unit on the electric device through the first battery management device 210, and then the third battery management device 230 determines based on the fault code. Whether to replace the battery.
- a fault code that is, fault information
- the third battery management device 230 will determine not to replace the battery only if it determines that the battery on the electrical device has a fault that affects battery replacement. On the contrary, if the fault of the battery on the electrical device does not affect the battery replacement, the third battery management device 230 determines to replace the battery.
- the fault in the battery is a first-level fault
- the fault can be considered to be a fault that affects battery replacement, and the third battery management device 230 can determine not to replace the battery; for another example, if the fault in the battery is a second-level fault, then This fault can be considered to be a fault that does not affect battery replacement, and the third battery management device 230 can determine to replace the battery.
- the fault information explicitly indicates the fault of the battery, so that the third battery management device 230 can directly use the fault information to determine whether to replace the battery. Therefore, the complexity of the logical judgment of the third battery management device 230 is reduced. sex.
- the third battery management device 230 is configured to control the output device in the power swap station to output power replacement information when it is determined that the battery is not to be replaced at the power replacement station.
- the power replacement information includes: A message indicating that battery swapping is not allowed.
- the third battery management device 230 may control the output device in the battery swap station to output information that battery swap is not allowed. The user learns from the power swap information output by the output device that power swap is not allowed, and the user can drive the power device away from the power swap station.
- the third battery management device 230 outputs the information that battery swapping is not allowed to the user through the output device of the battery swapping station, so that the user can know in time that there is a fault in the power device that does not allow battery swapping, and can then switch from swapping as soon as possible. Drive away from the power station to avoid affecting the electrical devices that need to be replaced later.
- the output device may be a display screen.
- the output device may also be a broadcast.
- the power exchange information is output through the display screen, which is convenient and intuitive.
- the verification information includes identification information of the electrical device and identification information of the battery
- the third battery management device 230 is configured to query the identity of the battery corresponding to the identification information of the electrical device. information, and determine whether the queried battery identification information is consistent with the battery identification information in the verification information.
- the identification information of the battery may be the network address of the battery.
- the network address is a MAC address.
- the network address is an IP address.
- the identification information of the power consumption device and the identification information of the battery replaced in the power swap station can be bound, and the binding information can be stored in the cloud.
- the third battery management device 230 in the power-swapping station can search in the cloud based on the identification information of the power-consuming device in the verification information sent by the first battery management device 210.
- the identification information of the electric device matches the identification information of the battery, and the identification information of the searched battery is compared with the identification information of the battery in the verification information. If the comparison is consistent, the battery replacement is agreed. If the comparison is inconsistent, the battery replacement is agreed. , then they do not agree to the battery exchange.
- the third battery management device 230 can verify the identification information of the battery in response to the verification information, which can avoid the occurrence of inconsistency between the electrical device and the battery, so that when the battery is replaced without permission or by mistake, the battery will be replaced. When the behavior occurs, the third battery management device 230 can refuse to replace the battery, thereby improving the reliability of the battery replacement process.
- the third battery management device 230 and the fourth battery management device 240 are wirelessly connected.
- the fourth battery management device 240 can save the wiring harness between the third battery management device 230 and the fourth battery management device 240 through the wireless connection with the third battery management device 230, thereby saving costs. .
- the third battery management unit 230 is configured to determine charging information according to the status information of the battery
- the fourth battery management device 240 is configured to control the battery to charge in response to the charging information.
- the communication between the first battery management device 210 and the second battery management device 220 through the communication between the first battery management device 210 and the second battery management device 220, the communication between the first battery management device 210 and the third battery management device 230, the fourth battery management device 240 and The communication between the second battery management device 220 and the communication between the third battery management device 230 and the fourth battery management device 240 can realize the charging management process of the battery in the battery swap station without manual participation, and the charging management process can Automation improves the efficiency of charging management.
- the fourth battery management device 240 may also receive the battery status information sent by the second battery management device 220 through a wireless connection, and directly respond to the battery status information to control the charging unit in the power swap cabinet. The battery is charged.
- the third battery management unit 230 may be directly connected to the second battery management unit 220 wirelessly, so that the third battery management unit may directly obtain the status information of the battery from the second battery management unit 220, and based on the status of the battery Information determines charging information.
- the second battery management device 220 can also monitor whether the status information of the battery reaches the preset charging cut-off condition. When the preset charging cut-off condition is reached, The second battery management device 220 may feed back charging stop information to the fourth battery management device 240, and the fourth battery management device 240 then controls the charging unit to stop charging the battery.
- the diagnostic device 250 is configured to, after establishing a wireless connection with the first battery management device 210, respond to the battery fault information sent by the first battery management device 210, and send a message to the first battery management device 210. 210 sends fault clearing instructions.
- battery faults are usually divided into two categories, one can be cleared through software, and the other requires battery maintenance. That is to say, after receiving the battery fault information sent by the first battery management device 210, the diagnosis device can analyze the fault information to determine which category the current fault of the battery belongs to. If it belongs to the first category, the diagnostic device can send an instruction to clear the current fault of the battery to the first battery management device 210, and then the first battery management device 210 can forward the instruction to the second battery management device 220 to clear the current fault of the battery. existing faults.
- the diagnostic device sends a fault clearing instruction to the first battery management device 210, so that the current fault of the first battery can be quickly cleared.
- diagnosticians need to conduct a subjective analysis of the current battery failure, review information, and contact the manufacturer's technicians to repair the battery.
- the diagnostic device can query the fault case in the cloud that matches the battery fault according to the diagnostician's operation, and then query the fault case corresponding to the fault case.
- the case information is displayed to the diagnostician through the output device of the diagnostic device, so that the diagnostician can repair the battery.
- diagnostic personnel can be staff or technicians stationed at the maintenance station, or they can be the drivers themselves.
- the various wireless connections mentioned above are Bluetooth communications
- the network address is a Media Access Control (MAC) address.
- Bluetooth communication is used, which has low power consumption and low latency within a short distance.
- the wireless connection may also be WiFi communication, ZigBee communication, etc.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
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- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
本申请实施例提供了一种换电系统。该换电系统包括：第一电池管理设备，设置于用电装置内；第二电池管理设备，设置于用电装置中的电池内；第三电池管理设备，设置于换电站中的管理装置内，管理装置用于控制用电装置在换电站内更换电池；其中，第一电池管理设备与第二电池管理设备无线连接，第一电池管理设备与第三电池管理设备无线连接。本申请实施例的换电系统，能够提高换电场景下的通信可靠性。
Description
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种换电系统。
随着新能源技术的发展，换电技术成为了电池技术的发展方式之一，在换电技术中，可以将驶入换电站的用电装置的电池取下、并从换电站取出电池为用电装置更换上。
现阶段，由于电池需要在换电站和不同用电装置之间流转，因此，需要一种能够提高换电场景下通信可靠性的方案。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种换电系统，能够提高换电场景下的通信可靠性。
第一方面，提供了一种换电系统，包括：第一电池管理设备，设置于用电装置内；第二电池管理设备，设置于用电装置中的电池内；第三电池管理设备，设置于换电站中的管理装置内，管理装置用于控制用电装置在换电站内更换电池；其中，第一电池管理设备与第二电池管理设备无线连接，第一电池管理设备与第三电池管理设备无线连接。
在该实施例中，用电装置上的第一电池管理设备分别与电池内的第二电池管理设备和换电站中管理装置内的第三电池管理设备进行无线连接，不会产生因接插件或线束损坏带来的通讯问题，从而提高了换电场景下的通信可靠性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，换电系统还包括：第四电池管理设备，设置于换电站中的换电柜内，换电柜用于对从用电装置上拆下来的电池进行充电；第四电池管理设备与第二电池管理设备无线连接。
在该实施例中，换电柜内设置有第四电池管理设备，并且该第二电池管理设备与第二电池管理设备无线连接，使得换电柜内的每个充电仓内不再需要控制模块，从而可以节约线束和控制模块，降低成本。
在一种可能的实现方式中，换电系统还包括：诊断装置，用于对用电装置、管理装置和电池中的至少一项进行故障诊断；诊断装置分别与第一电池管理设备、第三电池管理设备和第二电池管理设备无线连接。
在该实施例中，通过诊断装置与第一电池管理设备、第二电池管理设备、第三电池管理设备和第四电池管理设备同时进行无线连接，能够快速完成故障定位，以便及时排除故障。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第三电池管理设备用于在用电装置到达换电站且进行换电之前，向第一电池管理设备发起无线连接请求。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一电池管理设备用于在电池安装到用电装置之后且未与第二电池管理设备建立连接的情况下，向第二电池管理设备发起无线连接请求。
在该实施例中，通过第一电池管理设备向第二电池管理设备发起无线连接请求，以及第三电池管理设备向第一电池管理设备发起无线连接请求，可以实现第一电池管理设备与第二电池管理设备的无线连接以及第三电池管理设备与第一电池管理设备的无线连接，从而可以避免因接插件或线束损坏带来的通讯问题。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第二电池管理设备用于在与第一电池管理设备建立无线连接之后，向第一电池管理设备发送电池的状态信息。
在该实施例中，第二电池管理设备可以通过无线连接向第一电池管理设备发送电池的状态信息，以实现对电池的精准控制。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一电池管理设备用于在与第三电池管理设备建立无线连接之后，向第三电池管理设备发送用电装置的结算信息、电量信息、校验信息、车身姿态信息和电池的状态信息中的至少一项。
在该实施例中，第一电池管理设备可以通过无线连接向第三电池管理设备发送各种信息，便于第三电池管理设备控制换电站内的各个装置以实现在换电站的换电。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第三电池管理设备用于响应于电池的状态信息，确定是否在换电站更换电池。
在该实施例中，在换电之前，第三电池管理设备根据用电装置上的电池的状态信息，确定是否在换电站更换该电池，有利于避免将电池从用电装置上拆卸下来再退回去的情况发生，从而有利于提高换电效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，电池的状态信息包括电池的参数信息，参数信息包括电量、电压和温度中的至少一种；第三电池管理设备用于响应于电池的参数信息，确定电池的故障信息，并根据电池的故障信息，确定是否在换电站更换电池。
在该实施例中，电池的故障信息是由第三电池管理设备确定的，而不是第一电池管理设备确定的。故第三电池管理设备不需要读取第一电池管理设备获取的故障信息，故降低了信令开销。
在一种可能的实现方式中，电池的状态信息包括电池的故障信息，第三电池管理设备响应于电池的故障信息，确定是否在换电站更换电池。
在该实施例中，通过故障信息显性指示电池所存在的故障，便于第三电池管理设备直接利用该故障信息确定是否更换电池，因此，降低了第三电池管理设备进行逻辑判断的复杂性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第三电池管理设备用于在确定在换电站不更换电池的情况下，控制换电站内的输出装置输出换电信息，换电信息包括向用户指示不允许换电的信息。
在该实施例中，第三电池管理设备通过换电站的输出装置向用户输出不允许换电的信息，使得用户能够及时知道用电装置存在不允许换电的故障，进而可以尽快地从换电站驶离，以免影响后面需要换电的用电装置。
在一种可能的实现方式中，校验信息包括用电装置的标识信息和电池的标识信息，第三电池管理设备用于查询与用电装置的标识信息对应的电池的标识信息，并确定查询到的电池的标识信息与校验信息中的电池的标识信息是否一致。
在该实施例中，第三电池管理设备可以响应于该检验信息对电池的标识信息进行校验，可以避免用电装置与电池不一致的情况发生，从而当 私换电池或错换电池等异常行为发生时，第三电池管理设备可以拒绝更换电池，从而提高了换电过程的可靠性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，电池的标识信息为媒体存取控制(Media Access Control，MAC)地址。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第三电池管理设备与第四电池管理设备无线连接。
在该实施例中，第四电池管理设备通过与第三电池管理设备之间的无线连接，可以节省第三电池管理设备和第四电池管理设备之间的线束，从而可以节约成本。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第三电池管理设备用于根据电池的状态信息，确定充电信息，第四电池管理设备用于响应于该充电信息，控制电池进行充电。
在该实施例中，通过第一电池管理设备与第二电池管理设备之间的通信，第一电池管理设备与第三电池管理设备之间的通信，第四电池管理设备与第二电池管理设备之间的通信，以及第三电池管理设备与第四电池管理设备之间的通信，能够实现换电站中的电池的充电管理过程不需人工参与，充电管理过程可自动化进行，提高了充电管理的效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，诊断装置用于在与第一电池管理设备建立无线连接之后，响应于第一电池管理设备发送的电池的故障信息，向第一电池管理设备发送故障清除指令。
在该实施例中，诊断装置向第一电池管理设备发送故障清除指令，从而可以快速清除第一电池当前存在的故障。
在一种可能的实现方式中，无线连接为蓝牙通信。
在该实施例中，采用蓝牙通信，功耗低，并且在短距离内低延时。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该第三电池管理设备与该第二电池管理设备无线连接。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该电池管理设备为电池管理单元BMU。
图1示出了本申请实施例提供的换电系统的应用场景的示意图。
图2示出了本申请实施例提供的换电系统的一种示意性框图。
图3示出了本申请实施例提供的换电系统的另一种示意性框图。
图4示出了本申请实施例提供的换电系统的再一示意性框图。
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
随着新能源技术的发展，电池的应用领域越来越广泛，如可以为用电装置提供动力或者为用电装置供电。例如，电池可以作为动力源为车辆提供动力，在车辆中电池的电量不足以支持车辆继续行驶的情况下，可利用充电桩等充电设备对车辆进行充电，即对车辆中的电池进行充电，以实现电池的充、放电循环使用。但电池充电需要花费较长时间，限制了车辆的续航使用。
为了提高车辆的续航使用率，换电技术应运而生。换电技术采用“车电分离”的方式，可以通过换电站为车辆提供电池更换服务，即电池可以从车辆上快速取下或者安装。从车辆上取下的电池可以放入换电站的换电柜中进行充电，以备为后续进入换电站的车辆进行换电。
目前在换电场景中，车辆、电池和换电站之间的通讯采用的是控制器局域网(Controller Area Network，CAN)，这是一种有线通信方式，需要有物理线束及接插件用于数据传输。由于车辆换电频次高，每次换电都需要经过车辆接插件的拔插，并且接插件是损耗件，多次换电后可能会出现接插件或线束损坏导致通讯异常，从而影响了换电场景下的通信可靠性。
有鉴于此，本申请实施例提供了一种换电系统，用电装置上的电池管理设备分别与电池内的电池管理设备和换电站中管理装置内的电池管理设备进行无线连接，不会产生因接插件或线束损坏带来的通讯问题，从而提高了换电场景下的通信可靠性。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中的电池管理设备可以是本领域技术人员所理解的电池管理单元(Battery Management Unit，BMU)，也可以是能够实现无线通信的普通控制器。例如，在将电池单体到底盘(cell to chassis，CTC)场景中，也就是，将电池放在底盘之中，电池管理设备可以是用电装置上的控制器，其既可以实现电池内的电池管理单元的功能，又可以实现用电装置上的电池管理单元的功能，还可以实现现有的整车控制器(Vehicle control unit，VCU)的功能，本领域技术人员对此不作限定。
图1示出了本申请实施例的换电系统的应用场景的一种示意图。以用电装置为车辆为例，如图1所示，该换电系统的应用场景可涉及到换电站11、车辆12和电池。
换电站11可指为车辆提供换电服务的场所。例如，换电站11可以为固定的场所，或者，换电站11可为如移动换电车辆等可移动场所，在此并不限定。
车辆12可与电池可拆卸连接。在一些示例中，车辆12可以是小汽车、货车等以动力电池为动力源的车辆。
电池可包括设置在车辆12内的电池和位于换电站11中用于换电的电池。为了便于区分，如图1所示，车辆12内待更换的电池记作电池141，换电站中用于换电的电池记作电池142。电池可以为锂离子电池、锂金属电池、铅酸电池、镍隔电池、镍氢电池、锂硫电池、锂空气电池或者钠离子电池等，在此并不限定。从规模而言，电池可为电池单体、电池模组或电池包，在此并不限定。电池除了可作为动力源为车辆12的电机供电，还可为车辆12中的其他用电器件供电，例如，电池还可为车内空调、车载播放器等供电。
当安装有电池141的车辆12驶入换电站11之后，换电站11通过换电装置将电池141从车辆12取下，并从换电站11中取出电池142，然后将电池142安装到车辆12上。之后安装有电池142的车辆12可以驶离换电站11。通过该换电技术，可以在几分钟、甚至数十秒内对车辆进行快速的能量补充，提高了用户的体验。
如图1所示，车辆12上可对应设置有第一电池管理单元121，该第一电池管理单元121用于管理车辆上安装的多个电池141，例如，控制电池141为用电装置提供电能或者控制充电装置为电池141充电，第一电池管理单元121可称为主电池管理单元(Master Battery Management Unit，MBMU)。电池(包括电池141或电池142)对应设置有第二电池管理单元143，该第二电池管理单元143用于管理该对应电池，例如，可以控制对应电池内的继电器的闭合或断开，以控制该对应电池能够与车辆12上的高压系统连接，该第二电池管理单元143可称为从电池管理单元(Slave Battery Management Unit，SBMU)。换电站11可对应设置有管理装置。该管理装置可为集中式结构，也可为分布式结构，在此并不限定。管理装置可设置在换电站11内，也可以设置在换电站11外。在管理装置为分布式结构的情况下，管理装置还可以部分设置在换电站11内，部分设置在换电站11外。例如，如图1所示，管理装置可以包括换电站11内的站控系统151和换电站11外的云端服务器152，在此并不限定。管理装置用于控制车辆12在换电站11内更换电池。站控系统151还可对应设置有第三 电池管理单元153，该第三电池管理单元153可以与车辆12上的第一电池管理单元121交互，以实现在换电站11内的换电。
如图1所示，换电站11中可设置有换电柜13。换电柜13包括第四电池管理单元131和充电单元132。换电柜13还可设置有多个充电仓133，用于换电的电池可放置于换电站11的换电柜13的充电仓133中。第四电池管理单元131可用于控制充电单元132对充电仓133中的电池充电。第四电池管理单元131可以称为中心电池管理单元(Charger Battery Management Unit，CBMU)。在一些示例中，充电单元132可包括交流/直流模块即AC/DC模块等具有充电功能的部件、装置或设备，在此并不限定。充电单元132可与充电仓133一一对应设置，也可多个充电仓133共用一个充电单元132，在此并不限定。
在一些实施例中，第二电池管理单元143可利用对应电池的电池管理系统(Battery Management System，BMS)来实现；第一电池管理单元121可以通过电池断路单元(Battery Disconnect Unit，BDU)的控制模块来实现，也可以通过其中一个电池的BMS来实现。
可选地，第一电池管理单元121可以与第二电池管理单元143进行通信，第三电池管理单元153可以与第一电池管理单元121进行通信，第四电池管理单元131也可以与第二电池管理单元143进行通信。
图2示出了本申请实施例的换电系统200的示意性框图。如图2所示，该换电系统200包括：第一电池管理设备210，设置于用电装置内；第二电池管理设备220，设置于该用电装置中的电池内；第三电池管理设备230，设置于换电站中的管理装置内，该管理装置用于控制该用电装置在换电站内更换该电池。其中，第一电池管理设备210与第二电池管理设备220无线连接，第一电池管理设备210与第三电池管理设备230无线连接。
可选地，该用电装置可以是车辆，未来也有可能是小到机器人，大到轮船和飞机等利用电池提供动力或供电的装置。本申请实施例对用电装置不作限定。
可选地，该第一电池管理设备210可以是图1所示的第一电池管理单元121，该第二电池管理设备220可以是图1所述的第二电池管理单元143，该第三电池管理设备230可以是图1所示的第三电池管理单元153。
因此，本申请实施例所提供的换电系统200，用电装置上的第一电池管理设备210分别与电池内的第二电池管理设备220和换电站中管理装置内的第三电池管理设备230进行无线连接，不会产生因接插件或线束损坏带来的通讯问题，从而提高了换电场景下的通信可靠性。
例如，在第一电池管理设备210与第二电池管理设备220之间建立无线连接之后，第二电池管理设备220可以通过该无线连接向第一电池管理设备210发送电池的状态信息。例如，电池的参数信息、故障信息、电池的继电器闭合状态等。在用电装置到达换电站时，第三电池管理设备230可以与第一电池管理设备210之间建立无线连接，并且该第一电池管理设备210可以通过该无线连接向第三电池管理设备230发送用电装置上的电池的状态信息，以便第二电池管理设备230对用电装置上的电池进行故障检测。
需要说明的是，当第一电池管理设备210分别与第二电池管理设备220和第三电池管理设备230无线连接时，可以每两个电池管理单元之间的一个为主机，另一个为从机。并且该换电系统200可以支持一主多从的方式。例如，第一电池管理设备210可以与多个第二电池管理设备220同时进行无线连接。再例如，第三电池管理设备230可以与多个第一电池管理设备210同时进行无线连接。
图3示出了本申请实施例的换电系统200的另一示意性框图。如图3所示，该换电系统200还可以包括第四电池管理设备240，设置于换电站中的换电柜内，该换电柜用于对从用电装置上拆下来的该电池进行充电；该第四电池管理设备240与该第二电池管理设备无线连接。
可选地，该第四电池管理设备240可以是图1所述的第四电池管理单元131。
具体地，在用电装置到达换电站时，在执行换电之前，第一电池管理设备210可以断开与第二电池管理设备220之间的无线连接。并且第三 电池管理设备230可以与第一电池管理设备进行信息交互，以确定是否在换电站内更换电池。当将设置有该第二电池管理设备220的电池从用电装置上拆下来放入到换电站中的充电柜内进行进行充电时，第四电池管理设备240可以与第二电池管理设备220进行无线连接，例如，可以进行电池出入仓监测、电池状态的实时监控、电池故障检测以及充电控制。
在该实施例中，换电柜内设置有第四电池管理设备240，并且该第二电池管理设备220与第四电池管理设备240无线连接，使得换电柜内的每个充电仓内不再需要控制模块，从而可以节约线束和控制模块，降低成本。
图4示出了本申请实施例提供的换电系统200的另一示意性框图。如图4所示，该换电系统200还包括：诊断装置250，用于对该用电装置、该管理装置、该电池以及该换电柜中的至少一项进行故障诊断。该诊断装置分别与该第一电池管理设备210、该第二电池管理设备220、该第三电池管理设备230和第四电池管理设备240无线连接。
具体地，在用电装置、管理装置、电池以及换电柜中的任一设备出现异常之后，可以采用诊断装置250进行故障诊断。例如，诊断装置250可以与第二电池管理设备220建立无线连接，通过该无线连接获取电池内部的状态信息，如电池的故障信息或电池的参数信息等，进而实现对电池的故障诊断。再例如，诊断装置250可以与第一电池管理设备210建立无线连接，通过第一电池管理设备210发送的数据判断是电池故障、还是用电装置上的电源管理控制器、高压盒或者其他组件的故障。再例如，诊断装置250可以与第三电池管理设备230建立无线连接，判断是管理装置、还是管理装置所控制的装置，例如换电装置发生了故障。再例如，诊断装置250还可以与第四电池管理设备240建立无线连接，判断是换电柜中的哪个组件发生了故障。
当诊断装置250经过对用电装置、管理装置、电池以及换电柜中的任一设备进行故障诊断之后，可以及时向维修人员提示，以便及时排除故障。
在该实施例中，通过诊断装置250与第一电池管理设备210、第二电池管理设备220、第三电池管理设备230和第四电池管理设备240同时进行无线连接，能够快速完成故障定位，以便及时排除故障。
可选地，在本申请实施例中，该第三电池管理设备230用于在用电装置到达换电站且进行换电之前，向第一电池管理设备210发起无线连接请求。
可选地，在本申请实施例中，第一电池管理设备210用于在该电池安装到用电装置之后且未与第二电池管理设备220建立连接的情况下，向第二电池管理设备220发起无线连接请求。
上文中提到，本申请实施例提供的换电系统200中的任意两个电池管理单元在无线连接时，一个作为主机，一个作为从机。具体地，对于第一电池管理设备210和第二电池管理设备220之间的无线连接，第一电池管理设备210可以作为主机，第二电池管理设备220可以作为从机。即，第一电池管理设备210控制与第二电池管理设备220建立或断开无线通讯的时机，第三电池管理设备230控制与第一电池管理设备210建立或断开无线通讯的时机。例如，在换电过程中，把用电装置上的电池拆下之前，第一电池管理设备210会主动发起与该电池上的第二电池管理设备220断开无线连接，在将换电站中的电池安装到用电装置后，第一电池管理设备210可以主动发起与新安装上的电池上的第二电池管理设备220建立无线连接。再例如，在用电装置到达换电站时，第三电池管理设备230可以主动发起与该用电装置上的第一电池管理设备210建立无线连接，而在换电完成之后，第三电池管理设备230可以主动发起与该用电装置上的第一电池管理设备210断开无线连接。
在一种示例中，在用电装置到达换电站时，第三电池管理设备230可以获取用电装置的标识信息，例如，通过换电站内的摄像头扫描车辆的车牌信息，并且第二电池管理设备220可以根据该用电装置的标识信息在云端查找与该用电装置的标识信息匹配的电池的标识信息，进而第三电池管理设备230可以响应于查找到的电池的标识信息，向第一电池管理设备210发起无线连接请求。
可选地，该电池的标识信息可以是电池的网络地址。例如，若本申请实施例中的无线连接为蓝牙连接，则该网络地址为MAC地址。再例如，若本申请实施例中的无线连接为wifi连接，则该网络地址为IP地址。
在该实施例中，通过第一电池管理设备210向第二电池管理设备220发起无线连接请求，以及第三电池管理设备230向第一电池管理设备210发起无线连接请求，可以实现第一电池管理设备210与第二电池管理设备220的无线连接以及第三电池管理设备230与第一电池管理设备210的无线连接，从而可以避免因接插件或线束损坏带来的通讯问题。
可选地，在本申请实施例中，第二电池管理设备220用于在与第一电池管理设备210建立无线连接之后，向第一电池管理设备210发送电池的状态信息。
具体地，第二电池管理设备220可以向第一电池管理设备210发送电池的电压、温度以及电量等参数信息、电池的故障信息以及继电器的闭合状态。进而第一电池管理设备210就可以根据该第二电池管理设备220发送的信息进行相应的控制，并将相应的控制指令传输给第二电池管理设备220，以使得第二电池管理设备220执行该控制指令。例如，当第一电池管理设备210判断电池的电量低于一定阈值时，可以向第二电池管理设备220发送充电命令，第二电池管理设备220可以响应于该充电命令执行相应的动作，以实现与用电装置的高压系统连接。再例如，当需要对电池进行充电时，此时环境温度较低对电池的充电造成了一定的影响，就需要先对电池进行加热。当第一电池管理设备210判断该电池的温度已经高于一定阈值，可以向第二电池管理设备220发送停止加热请求，从而第二电池管理设备220可以响应于该停止加热请求执行相应的动作。
在该实施例中，第二电池管理设备220可以通过无线连接向第一电池管理设备210发送电池的状态信息，以实现对电池的精准控制。
可选地，在本申请实施例中，第一电池管理设备210用于在与第三电池管理设备230建立无线连接之后，向第三电池管理设备230发送用电装置的结算信息、电量信息、校验信息、车身姿态信息和电池的状态信息中的至少一项。
结算信息和电量信息都可以用于辅助计算用电装置在此次换电中所需要的费用。而校验信息可以用来校验用电装置与电池的匹配性。车身姿态信息可以辅助第三电池管理设备230对用电装置的换电控制。而电池的状态信息则用于第三电池管理设备230了解电池的状态。第三电池管理设备230在接收到上述各种信息之后，可以将安装的信息、安装的状态等通过无线连接发送给第一电池管理设备210，从而完成一系列的认证、取包、卸包、装包、自检以及换电完成站等动作。
在该实施例中，第一电池管理设备210可以通过无线连接向第三电池管理设备230发送各种信息，便于第三电池管理设备230控制各个设备以实现在换电站的换电。
可选地，在本申请实施例中，第三电池管理设备230用于响应于电池的状态信息，确定是否在换电站更换该电池。
需要说明的是，用电装置上可以安装有一个电池，也可以安装有多个电池。当用电装置安装有多个电池时，第一电池管理设备210可以向第三电池管理设备230发送多个电池的状态信息。可选地，第三电池管理设备230可以根据该多个电池的状态信息，确定是否在换电站更换电池。也就是说，只要用电装置上的一个电池存在影响换电的故障，就确定在换电站不更换电池。
在该实施例中，在换电之前，第三电池管理设备230根据用电装置上的电池的状态信息，确定是否在换电站更换该电池，有利于避免将电池从用电装置上拆卸下来再退回去的情况发生，从而有利于提高换电效率。
可选地，在本申请实施例中，电池的状态信息包括电池的参数信息，该参数信息包括电量、电压和温度中的至少一种，第三电池管理设备230用于响应于电池的参数信息，确定电池的故障信息，并根据该电池的故障信息，确定是否在换电站更换电池。
具体地，第二电池管理设备220实时监测电池的各种参数信息，例如，电量、电压和温度中的至少一种。第二电池管理设备220可以周期性地通过无线连接向第一电池管理设备210发送监测到的参数信息。当用电装置到达换电站时，第三电池管理设备230可以通过无线连接接收第一电 池管理设备210发送的参数信息。第三电池管理设备230可以根据获取到的电池的参数信息，确定电池的故障信息；进而第三电池管理设备230根据电池的故障信息，确定是否更换电池。例如，第三电池管理设备230根据电池的参数信息，确定电池的故障信息所指示的故障为一级故障，则可以认为该故障是影响换电的故障，故可以确定不更换电池；再例如，第三电池管理设备230根据电池的参数信息，确定电池的故障信息所指示的故障为二级故障，则可以认为该故障是不影响换电的故障，故可以确定更换电池。
在该实施例中，电池的故障信息是由第三电池管理设备230确定的，而并不是由第一电池管理设备210确定的。故第三电池管理设备230不需要读取第一电池管理设备210获取的故障信息，故降低了信令开销。
可选地，在本申请实施例中，电池的状态信息包括电池的故障信息；第三电池管理设备230响应于电池的故障信息，确定是否在换电站更换电池。
通常情况下，第一电池管理设备210能够实时获取电池的参数信息，当判断电池发生故障时，可以查询故障码表生成故障码(也就是故障信息)，并存储在用电装置上的存储单元内。当用电装置到达换电站时，第三电池管理设备230可以通过第一电池管理设备210获取用电装置上的存储单元内存储的故障码，进而第三电池管理设备230根据该故障码，确定是否更换电池。
对于电池而言，故障可大可小。有的故障可能会影响换电，而有的故障可能不会影响换电。第三电池管理设备230只有确定用电装置上的电池存在影响换电的故障，才会确定不更换电池。相反地，若用电装置上的电池存在的故障不影响换电，第三电池管理设备230就确定更换电池。例如，若电池存在的故障为一级故障，则可以认为该故障是影响换电的故障，第三电池管理设备230可以确定不更换电池；再例如，若电池存在的故障为二级故障，则可以认为该故障是不影响换电的故障，第三电池管理设备230可以确定更换电池。
在该实施例中，通过故障信息显性指示电池所存在的故障，便于第三电池管理设备230直接利用该故障信息确定是否更换电池，因此，降低了第三电池管理设备230进行逻辑判断的复杂性。
可选地，在本申请实施例中，第三电池管理设备230用于在确定在换电站不更换电池的情况下，控制换电站内的输出装置输出换电信息，该换电信息包括向用户指示不允许换电的信息。
第三电池管理设备230在确定不更换电池时，第三电池管理设备230可以控制换电站内的输出装置输出不允许换电的信息。用户从输出装置输出的换电信息获知不允许换电，用户可以驾驶用电装置从换电站驶离。
在该实施例中，第三电池管理设备230通过换电站的输出装置向用户输出不允许换电的信息，使得用户能够及时知道用电装置存在不允许换电的故障，进而可以尽快地从换电站驶离，以免影响后面需要换电的用电装置。
可选地，在本申请实施例中，该输出装置可以是显示屏。该输出装置也可以是广播。
在该实施例中，通过显示屏输出换电信息，方便直观。
可选地，在本申请实施例中，该校验信息包括用电装置的标识信息和电池的标识信息，第三电池管理设备230用于查询与该用电装置的标识信息对应的电池的标识信息，并确定查询到的电池的标识信息与校验信息中的电池的标识信息是否一致。
可选地，该电池的标识信息可以是电池的网络地址。例如，若本申请实施例中的无线连接为蓝牙连接，则该网络地址为MAC地址。再例如，若本申请实施例中的无线连接为wifi连接，则该网络地址为IP地址。
具体地，在每次换电过程中，都可以对用电装置的标识信息和在换电站中更换的电池的标识信息进行绑定，并将该绑定信息存储在云端。当用电装置再次到达换电站进行换电时，换电站内的第三电池管理设备230可以根据第一电池管理设备210发送的校验信息中的用电装置的标识信息，在云端查找与该用电装置的标识信息匹配的电池的标识信息，并将所查找 的电池的标识信息与校验信息中的电池的标识信息进行比对，若比对一致，则同意换电，若比对不一致，则不同意换电。
在该实施例中，第三电池管理设备230可以响应于该检验信息对电池的标识信息进行校验，可以避免用电装置与电池不一致的情况发生，从而当私换电池或错换电池等异常行为发生时，第三电池管理设备230可以拒绝更换电池，从而提高了换电过程的可靠性。
可选地，如图3所示，该第三电池管理设备230与该第四电池管理设备240无线连接。
在该实施例中，第四电池管理设备240通过与第三电池管理设备230之间的无线连接，可以节省第三电池管理设备230和第四电池管理设备240之间的线束，从而可以节约成本。
可选地，在本申请实施例中，第三电池管理单元230用于根据电池的状态信息，确定充电信息，第四电池管理设备240用于响应于充电信息，控制电池进行充电。
在该实施例中，通过第一电池管理设备210与第二电池管理设备220之间的通信，第一电池管理设备210与第三电池管理设备230之间的通信，第四电池管理设备240与第二电池管理设备220之间的通信，以及第三电池管理设备230与第四电池管理设备240之间的通信，能够实现换电站中的电池的充电管理过程不需人工参与，充电管理过程可自动化进行，提高了充电管理的效率。
在其他实施例中，第四电池管理设备240还可以通过无线连接接收第二电池管理设备220发送的电池的状态信息，并直接响应于该电池的状态信息，控制换电柜内的充电单元对电池进行充电。或者，第三电池管理单元230可以直接与第二电池管理单元220之间无线连接，使得第三电池管理单元可以直接从第二电池管理单元220处获取电池的状态信息，并且基于该电池的状态信息确定充电信息。
进一步地，在第四电池管理设备240控制电池进行充电之后，第二电池管理设备220还可以监测电池的状态信息是否达到预设的充电截止条件，在达到预设的充电截止条件的情况下，第二电池管理设备220可以向 第四电池管理设备240反馈停止充电信息，第四电池管理设备240再控制充电单元停止为电池充电。
可选地，在本申请实施例中，诊断装置250用于在与第一电池管理设备210建立无线连接之后，响应于第一电池管理设备210发送的电池的故障信息，向第一电池管理设备210发送故障清除指令。
具体地，电池存在的故障，通常分为两大类，一种是可以通过软件清除的，一种是需要对电池进行维修的。也就是说，诊断装置在接收到第一电池管理设备210发送的电池的故障信息之后，可以在对该故障信息进行解析，以确定电池当前存在的故障属于哪一类。若属于第一类，则诊断装置可以向第一电池管理设备210发送清除电池当前存在的故障的指令，进而第一电池管理设备210可以向第二电池管理设备220转发该指令，以清除电池当前所存在的故障。
在该实施例中，诊断装置向第一电池管理设备210发送故障清除指令，从而可以快速清除第一电池当前存在的故障。
对于第二类电池故障，则需要诊断人员对电池当前存在的故障进行主观分析、查阅资料以及联系厂家技术人员来对电池进行维修。
可选地，在诊断人员确定电池当前存在的故障为第二类电池故障，诊断装置可以根据诊断人员的操作在云端中查询与该电池的故障相匹配的故障案例，进而查询该故障案例对应的案例信息，并通过诊断装置的输出装置向诊断人员展示，以使得诊断人员对该电池进行维修。
需要说明的是，诊断人员，可以是驻维修站的工作人员或技术员，也可以是驾驶员自身。
可选地，在本申请实施例中，上述各种无线连接为蓝牙通信，网络地址为介质访问控制(Media Access Control，MAC)地址。
在该实施例中，采用蓝牙通信，功耗低，并且在短距离内低延时。
可选地，在其他实施例中，该无线连接还可以是WiFi通信、ZigBee通信等。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部 件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。
Claims (19)
- 一种换电系统，其特征在于，包括：第一电池管理设备，设置于用电装置内；第二电池管理设备，设置于所述用电装置中的电池内；第三电池管理设备，设置于换电站中的管理装置内，所述管理装置用于控制所述用电装置在所述换电站内更换所述电池；其中，所述第一电池管理设备与所述第二电池管理设备无线连接，所述第一电池管理设备与所述第三电池管理设备无线连接。
- 根据权利要求1所述的换电系统，其特征在于，所述换电系统还包括：第四电池管理设备，设置于所述换电站中的换电柜内，所述换电柜用于对从所述用电装置上拆下来的所述电池进行充电；所述第四电池管理设备与所述第二电池管理设备无线连接。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的换电系统，其特征在于，所述换电系统还包括：诊断装置，用于对所述用电装置、所述管理装置和所述电池中的至少一项进行故障诊断；所述诊断装置分别与所述第一电池管理设备、所述第三电池管理设备和所述第二电池管理设备无线连接。
- 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的换电系统，其特征在于，所述第三电池管理设备用于在所述用电装置到达所述换电站且进行换电之前，向所述第一电池管理设备发起无线连接请求。
- 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的换电系统，其特征在于，所述第一电池管理设备用于在所述电池安装到所述用电装置之后且未与所述第二电池管理设备建立连接的情况下，向所述第二电池管理设备发起无线连接请求。
- 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的换电系统，其特征在于，所述第二电池管理设备用于在与所述第一电池管理设备建立无线连接之后，向所述第一电池管理设备发送所述电池的状态信息。
- 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的换电系统，其特征在于，所述第一电池管理设备用于在与所述第三电池管理设备建立无线连接之后，向所述第三电池管理设备发送所述用电装置的结算信息、电量信息、校验信息、车身姿态信息和所述电池的状态信息中的至少一项。
- 根据权利要求7所述的换电系统，其特征在于，所述第三电池管理设备用于响应于所述电池的状态信息，确定是否在所述换电站更换所述电池。
- 根据权利要求8所述的换电系统，其特征在于，所述电池的状态信息包括所述电池的参数信息，所述参数信息包括电量、电压和温度中的至少一种；所述第三电池管理设备用于响应于所述电池的参数信息，确定所述电池的故障信息，并根据所述电池的故障信息，确定是否在所述换电站更换所述电池。
- 根据权利要求8所述的换电系统，其特征在于，所述电池的状态信息包括所述电池的故障信息；所述第三电池管理设备用于响应于所述电池的故障信息，确定是否在所述换电站更换所述电池。
- 根据权利要求8至10中任一项所述的换电系统，其特征在于，所述第三电池管理设备用于在确定在所述换电站不更换所述电池的情况下，控制所述换电站内的输出装置输出换电信息，所述换电信息包括向用户指示不允许换电的信息。
- 根据权利要求7至11中任一项所述的换电系统，其特征在于，所述校验信息包括所述用电装置的标识信息和所述电池的标识信息，所述第三电池管理设备用于查询与所述用电装置的标识信息对应的所述电池的标识信息，并确定查询到的所述电池的标识信息与所述校验信息中的所述电池的标识信息是否一致。
- 根据权利要求2所述的换电系统，其特征在于，所述第三电池管理设备与所述第四电池管理设备无线连接。
- 根据权利要求13所述的换电系统，其特征在于，所述第三电池管理单元用于根据所述电池的状态信息，确定充电信息，所述第四电池管 理设备用于响应于所述充电信息，控制所述电池进行充电。
- 根据权利要求3所述的换电系统，其特征在于，所述诊断装置用于在与所述第一电池管理设备建立无线连接之后，响应于所述第一电池管理设备发送的所述电池的故障信息，向所述第一电池管理设备发送故障清除指令。
- 根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的换电系统，其特征在于，所述无线连接为蓝牙通信。
- 根据权利要求12所述的换电系统，其特征在于，所述电池的标识信息为媒体存取控制MAC地址。
- 根据权利要求1至17中任一项所述的换电系统，其特征在于，所述第三电池管理设备与所述第二电池管理设备无线连接。
- 根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的换电系统，其特征在于，所述电池管理设备为电池管理单元BMU。
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