WO2023200236A1 - 리튬 이차전지용 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 - Google Patents
리튬 이차전지용 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023200236A1 WO2023200236A1 PCT/KR2023/004913 KR2023004913W WO2023200236A1 WO 2023200236 A1 WO2023200236 A1 WO 2023200236A1 KR 2023004913 W KR2023004913 W KR 2023004913W WO 2023200236 A1 WO2023200236 A1 WO 2023200236A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- lithium secondary
- secondary battery
- lithium
- positive electrode
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- -1 nitrogen cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000664 lithium aluminum titanium phosphates (LATP) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- YIJYFLXQHDOQGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4,6-trioxo-3,5-bis(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethyl)-1,3,5-triazinan-1-yl]ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCN1C(=O)N(CCOC(=O)C=C)C(=O)N(CCOC(=O)C=C)C1=O YIJYFLXQHDOQGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GTELLNMUWNJXMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C.CCC(CO)(CO)CO GTELLNMUWNJXMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MAGFQRLKWCCTQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 4-ethenylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 MAGFQRLKWCCTQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- INXWLSDYDXPENO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-prop-2-enoyloxy-2-[[3-prop-2-enoyloxy-2,2-bis(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]propyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)C=C)(CO)COCC(COC(=O)C=C)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C INXWLSDYDXPENO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000083 poly(allylamine) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 17
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 43
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Mn].[Co].[Ni] KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 9
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 8
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 5
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
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- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010941 LiFSI Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003660 carbonate based solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- SEVNKUSLDMZOTL-UHFFFAOYSA-H cobalt(2+);manganese(2+);nickel(2+);hexahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2] SEVNKUSLDMZOTL-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000037427 ion transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100513612 Microdochium nivale MnCO gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910018661 Ni(OH) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002640 NiOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003848 UV Light-Curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].BCl Chemical compound [Li].BCl BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBHLGSMKCPLCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].OOO Chemical compound [Mn].OOO RTBHLGSMKCPLCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006231 channel black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011294 coal tar pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011883 electrode binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011357 graphitized carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010220 ion permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIAPCJWMELPYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium hydride Chemical compound [LiH] SIAPCJWMELPYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000103 lithium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VROAXDSNYPAOBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)nickel Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Ni]=O VROAXDSNYPAOBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011564 manganese citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014872 manganese citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940097206 manganese citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011302 mesophase pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular fluorine Chemical compound C.FF QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011301 petroleum pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001483 poly(ethyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000131 polyvinylidene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002717 polyvinylpyridine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102220043159 rs587780996 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002153 silicon-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005608 sulfonated EPDM Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002733 tin-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015041 whisky Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries and a lithium secondary battery containing the same. More specifically, it accelerates positive ions by minimizing the movement of negative ions by forming a cationic polymer backbone, and includes oxide-based ceramics to form an additional cationic polymer backbone. It relates to an electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery that can improve lithium ion transport ability and mechanical properties, and a lithium secondary battery containing the same.
- lithium secondary batteries are lightweight and have high energy density, so they are attracting attention as a driving power source for portable devices. Accordingly, research and development efforts to improve the performance of lithium secondary batteries are actively underway.
- an organic electrolyte or polymer electrolyte is charged between the positive and negative electrodes, which are made of an active material capable of intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions, and when lithium ions are inserted/deintercalated from the positive and negative electrodes. Electrical energy is produced through oxidation and reduction reactions.
- Cathode active materials for lithium secondary batteries include lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO 2 ), lithium manganese oxide (LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , etc.), lithium iron phosphate compound (LiFePO 4 ), and nickel (Ni).
- LiCoO 2 lithium cobalt oxide
- LiNiO 2 lithium nickel oxide
- LiMnO 2 lithium manganese oxide
- LiMn 2 O 4 LiMn 2 O 4
- Ni lithium iron phosphate compound
- Ni nickel
- ) is a lithium nickel-cobalt manganese-based positive electrode active material (or lithium NCM-based positive electrode active material, or NCM-based lithium composite transition metal oxide, or High Ni positive electrode) that can achieve high capacity by replacing part of ) with cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn). re), etc. have been used.
- the typical lithium secondary battery described above contains an exothermic reaction that begins with a decomposition reaction of the negative electrode SEI (solid electrolyte interface), a positive electrode that becomes unstable as the nickel (Ni) content increases, and a carbonate-based solvent.
- SEI solid electrolyte interface
- Ni nickel
- carbonate-based solvent a carbonate-based solvent
- the reaction between electrolytes leads to thermal runaway, which poses a major threat to the stability of the battery.
- lithium ion batteries (LIBs) that use a lithium nickel cobalt manganese-based positive electrode active material and a graphite negative electrode have the problem of being relatively more vulnerable to heat.
- polymer-based electrolytes have various advantages, it is also clear that they are inferior to other types of electrolytes, so efforts are continuously being made to compensate for these problems. That is, the problems of polymer-based electrolytes are that they have weaker mechanical properties and lower ionic conductivity compared to inorganic solid electrolytes. In addition, it is true that polymer electrolytes have a limitation in that concentration polarization (resistance) is inevitably large due to a low cation (Li-ion) transport coefficient (t+) compared to liquid electrolytes.
- the purpose of the present invention is to accelerate cations by forming a cationic polymer backbone to minimize the movement of anions, and to develop lithium secondary ions that can improve additional lithium ion transfer capacity and mechanical properties, including oxide-based ceramics.
- the purpose of the present invention is to accelerate cations by forming a cationic polymer backbone to minimize the movement of anions, and to develop lithium secondary ions that can improve additional lithium ion transfer capacity and mechanical properties, including oxide-based ceramics.
- the present invention provides a polymer electrolyte containing a hydrocarbon-based polymer compound containing a cationic functional group; Flame retardant liquid electrolyte; and a crosslinking agent. It provides an electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery containing a.
- the present invention provides a positive electrode comprising a lithium nickel cobalt manganese-based positive electrode active material; cathode; It provides a lithium secondary battery including the electrolyte for the lithium secondary battery interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- a cationic polymer backbone is formed to minimize the movement of anions, thereby accelerating positive ions and providing additional lithium ion transfer capability, including oxide-based ceramics. and has the advantage of improving mechanical properties.
- the electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery according to the present invention includes a polymer electrolyte containing a hydrocarbon-based polymer compound containing a cationic functional group, a flame-retardant liquid electrolyte, and a crosslinking agent.
- Lithium secondary batteries are oxidized when lithium ions are intercalated/deintercalated from the positive and negative electrodes when an organic electrolyte or polymer electrolyte is charged between the positive and negative electrodes, which are made of an active material capable of intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions. Electrical energy is produced through a reduction reaction. Additionally, in order to increase thermal stability, positive electrode active materials such as lithium nickel cobalt manganese, in which part of nickel (Ni) is replaced with cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn), are being applied to batteries.
- positive electrode active materials such as lithium nickel cobalt manganese, in which part of nickel (Ni) is replaced with cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn), are being applied to batteries.
- a typical lithium secondary battery is an exothermic reaction that begins with a decomposition reaction of the negative electrode SEI (solid electrolyte interface) and a reaction between the positive electrode, which becomes unstable as the nickel (Ni) content increases, and the electrolyte solution containing a carbonate-based solvent.
- SEI solid electrolyte interface
- the positive electrode which becomes unstable as the nickel (Ni) content increases
- the electrolyte solution containing a carbonate-based solvent This leads to thermal runaway, which poses a major threat to the stability of the battery.
- lithium ion batteries (LIBs) that use a lithium nickel cobalt manganese-based positive electrode active material and a graphite negative electrode have the problem of being relatively more vulnerable to heat.
- polymer-based electrolytes have weaker mechanical properties and lower ionic conductivity compared to inorganic solid electrolytes.
- polymer electrolytes have a limitation in that concentration polarization (resistance) is inevitably large due to a low cation (Li-ion) transport coefficient (t+) compared to liquid electrolytes.
- the present applicant uses a polymer-based electrolyte that has various advantages, accelerates cations by minimizing the movement of anions by forming a cationic polymer backbone, and includes oxide-based ceramics to provide additional lithium ion transfer ability and mechanical properties.
- An electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries that can improve physical properties and a lithium secondary battery containing it have been invented.
- the polymer electrolyte included in the electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention includes a hydrocarbon-based polymer compound containing a cationic functional group.
- a hydrocarbon-based polymer compound containing the cationic functional group cations formed on the polymer backbone (i.e., forming a positively charged polymer chain) can accelerate cations by minimizing the movement of anions.
- the cation transport coefficient increases compared to the case of using a conventional polymer electrolyte that does not contain a cationic functional group, thereby lowering the concentration polarization (resistance).
- the hydrocarbon-based polymer compound containing the cationic functional group includes a hydrocarbon structural unit containing at least one cationic functional group and having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 8 to 14 carbon atoms.
- the cationic functional group may include one or more cations selected from nitrogen cations, oxygen cations, and sulfur cations, and it is preferred that the cationic functional group basically includes at least one nitrogen cation.
- the hydrocarbon-based polymer compound containing the cationic functional group is polydiallyldimethylammonium ((C 8 H 16 N + )n), polymethacoxyethyltrimethylammonium ((C 9 H 18 NO 2 + )n, 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 10,000), polyallylamine ([CH 2 CH(CH 2 NH 2 )]n, 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 10,000) and polysodium 4-styrenesulfonate (( C 8 H 7 NaO 3 S)n, 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 10,000).
- n is a natural number from 1 to 10,000, preferably from 1 to 100.
- the anion may be any anion that can be contained in the electrolyte, and may specifically be an anion of a lithium salt contained in the electrolyte.
- the hydrocarbon-based polymer compound may further include an anion as a counter ion to the cation included in the cationic functional group.
- the anion of the lithium salt contained in the electrolyte may be, for example, an anion of a lithium salt generally known in the art, such as TFSI - of LiTFSI, SCN - of LiSCN - , Br - of LiBr - and Cl - of LiCl.
- the hydrocarbon-based polymer compound containing the cationic functional group may be in a state where the anion described above is bonded as a counter ion to the cation.
- the hydrocarbon-based polymer compound containing the cationic functional group is polydiallyldimethylammonium represented by the formula 1
- the anion of the lithium salt (TFSI - ) is bonded as a counter ion to the cation as shown in the formula 2 below. It can be (polydiallyldimethylammonium-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, DADMA-TFSI).
- DADMA-TFSI polydiallyldimethylammonium-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide
- positive ions accelerate, which increases the cation transport coefficient and lowers concentration polarization (resistance).
- n is a natural number from 1 to 10,000, preferably from 1 to 100.
- the polymer electrolyte included in the electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention may further include, if necessary, a typical polymer compound commonly used in the art, in addition to the hydrocarbon-based polymer compound containing the above cationic functional group.
- the polymer electrolyte may be included in an amount of 30 to 60% by weight, preferably 30 to 50% by weight, and more preferably 35 to 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention. If the content of the polymer electrolyte is less than 30% by weight, a problem may occur in which the effect of the cationic polymer is not observed. If it exceeds 60% by weight, the weight of the cationic polymer is excessive, which may actually hinder ion conduction. It can happen.
- the flame-retardant liquid electrolyte included in the electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention is for dissolving the hydrocarbon-based polymer compound containing the cationic functional group described above and for dissociation and transfer of the lithium salt, and must be included together with the hydrocarbon-based polymer compound containing the cationic functional group.
- the flame-retardant liquid electrolyte is trapped in the cured cationic polymer and does not flow or smear, but may exist in a liquid state in the finally manufactured electrolyte.
- the flame-retardant liquid electrolyte includes a solvent and a lithium salt.
- Solvents included in the flame-retardant liquid electrolyte may include at least one selected from the group consisting of carbonate-based compounds, phosphate-based compounds, and ionic liquids.
- the carbonate-based compounds include dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate and methyl (2,2, Examples include 2-trifluoroethyl)carbonate.
- Examples of the phosphate-based compounds include trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, and 2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorane 2-oxide.
- Examples of the ionic liquid include N-propyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium and 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium.
- the solvent may further contain one or two or more esters, ethers, or ketones, if necessary.
- esters, ethers, or ketones examples include ⁇ -butyrolactone, n-methyl acetate, n-ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, dibutyl ether, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1,2-dimethoxy ethane, 2-methyl Tetrahydrofuran derivatives such as tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, formamide, dimethylformamide, dioxolane and its derivatives, acetonitrile, nitromethane, methyl formate, methyl acetate, trimethoxy methane, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane , aprotic organic solvents such as 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, methyl propionate, and ethyl propionate.
- Lithium salts included in the flame-retardant liquid electrolyte include LiFSI, LiTFSI, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 , LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 CO 2 , LiC 4 BO 8 , LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , CH 3 SO 3 Li, CF 3 SO 3 Li, (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 NLi, (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 CLi, chloroborane lithium, lower carbon atoms of 4 or less
- One or more types selected from the group consisting of lithium aliphatic carboxylate, lithium 4-phenyl borate, and lithium imide can be exemplified.
- the lithium salt may be included in the electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention at a concentration of 1.5 M to 4.0 M, preferably 1.5 M to 2.0 M. If the concentration of the lithium salt is less than 1.5 M or more than 4.0 M, the contribution to the thermal stability of the battery may be insignificant or there may be no further advantage in improving the thermal stability of the battery. In addition, if the concentration of the lithium salt is less than 1.5 M, it may be difficult to secure ionic conductivity suitable for battery operation, and if it exceeds 4.0 M, the viscosity of the electrolyte increases and the mobility of lithium ions decreases, or the lithium salt itself decomposes. As the reaction increases, battery performance may deteriorate.
- the flame-retardant liquid electrolyte may be included in an amount of 30 to 50% by weight, preferably 30 to 40% by weight, and more preferably 35 to 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention. If the content of the flame-retardant liquid electrolyte is less than 30% by weight, the ionic conductivity may be too low to be used as an electrolyte, and if it exceeds 50% by weight, there may be too many components in the liquid state rather than the solid state. Possible problems may occur.
- the crosslinking agent included in the electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention is used to prevent leakage and further improve mechanical properties, and particularly serves to gel or solidify the electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention.
- the crosslinking agent includes ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate (ETPTA), trimethylolpropane ethoxytriacrylate, dipentaerythritol penta/hexa-acrylate, and tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate triacrylate.
- ETPTA ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate
- trimethylolpropane ethoxytriacrylate trimethylolpropane ethoxytriacrylate
- dipentaerythritol penta/hexa-acrylate dipentaerythritol penta/hexa-acrylate
- tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate triacrylate One
- the crosslinking agent may be included in an amount of 2 to 30% by weight, preferably 10 to 30% by weight, and more preferably 20 to 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention. If the content of the crosslinking agent is less than 2% by weight, a problem may occur in which crosslinking does not occur normally, and if it exceeds 30% by weight, a problem of interfering with ion conduction may occur due to the excessive weight of the crosslinking agent.
- the electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery according to the present invention may further include an active oxide-based ceramic for the purpose of improving additional lithium ion transport ability and mechanical properties.
- the active oxide-based ceramics include Li 1+x Al x Ge 2-x (PO 4 ) 3 (LAGP), Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO), and Li 1+x Al x Ti 2-x (PO 4 ) 3 (LATP) may be one or more selected from the group consisting of.
- LAGP Li 1+x Al x Ge 2-x (PO 4 ) 3
- LLZO Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12
- LATP Li 1+x Al x Ti 2-x
- any active oxide-based ceramic having similar or equivalent properties to LAGP, LLZO, and LATP can be applied as the active oxide-based ceramic of the present invention without particular limitation.
- the active oxide-based ceramic may be included in an amount of 15 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 40 to 65 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total weight of the electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery including a polymer electrolyte, a flame-retardant liquid electrolyte, and a crosslinking agent.
- the lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode containing a lithium nickel cobalt manganese-based positive electrode active material, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte for the lithium secondary battery interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the positive electrode contains a lithium nickel cobalt manganese-based positive electrode active material (or lithium NCM-based positive electrode active material, or NCM-based lithium composite transition metal oxide, or High Ni positive electrode material), and when applied to a battery, high capacity can be achieved. do. Additionally, the lithium nickel cobalt manganese-based positive electrode active material may be coated with a metal oxide on its surface.
- the lithium nickel cobalt manganese-based positive electrode active material can be purchased and used commercially, or it can be manufactured and used according to a manufacturing method well known in the art.
- a nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor is prepared by adding an ammonium cation-containing complex former and a basic compound to a transition metal solution containing nickel-containing raw materials, cobalt-containing raw materials, and manganese-containing raw materials and performing a coprecipitation reaction
- a lithium nickel-cobalt-manganese-based positive electrode active material can be manufactured by mixing the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor and lithium raw material and over-sintering at a temperature of 980° C. or higher.
- the nickel-containing raw material may be, for example, nickel-containing acetate, nitrate, sulfate, halide, sulfide, hydroxide, oxide, or oxyhydroxide, and specifically, Ni(OH) 2 , NiO, NiOOH, NiCO 3 ⁇ 2Ni(OH) 2 ⁇ 4H 2 O, NiC 2 O 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O, Ni(NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O, NiSO 4 , NiSO 4 ⁇ 6H 2 O, fatty acid nickel salt, nickel halide or these It may be a combination, but is not limited to this.
- the cobalt-containing raw material may be, for example, cobalt-containing acetate, nitrate, sulfate, halide, sulfide, hydroxide, oxide, or oxyhydroxide, and specifically, Co(OH) 2 , CoOOH, Co(OCOCH 3 ) 2 It may be ⁇ 4H 2 O, Co(NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O, CoSO 4 , Co(SO 4 ) 2 ⁇ 7H 2 O, or a combination thereof, but is not limited thereto.
- the manganese-containing raw material may be, for example, manganese-containing acetate, nitrate, sulfate, halide, sulfide, hydroxide, oxide, oxyhydroxide, or a combination thereof, specifically Mn 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , Mn 3 Manganese oxides such as O 4 and the like; Manganese salts such as MnCO 3 , Mn(NO 3 ) 2 , MnSO 4 , manganese acetate, dicarboxylic acid manganese salt, manganese citrate, fatty acid manganese salt; It may be manganese oxyhydroxide, manganese chloride, or a combination thereof, but is not limited thereto.
- the transition metal solution is a mixed solvent of the nickel-containing raw material, cobalt-containing raw material, and manganese-containing raw material in a solvent, specifically water, or an organic solvent (e.g., alcohol, etc.) that can be uniformly mixed with water. It may be manufactured by adding a nickel-containing raw material, an aqueous solution of a cobalt-containing raw material, and a manganese-containing raw material.
- the ammonium cation-containing complex forming agent may be, for example, NH 4 OH, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , NH 4 NO 3 , NH 4 Cl, CH 3 COONH 4 , NH 4 CO 3 or a combination thereof. It is not limited to this. Meanwhile, the ammonium cation-containing complex former may be used in the form of an aqueous solution, and the solvent may be water or a mixture of water and an organic solvent (specifically, alcohol, etc.) that is uniformly miscible with water.
- the basic compound may be, for example, a hydroxide of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal such as NaOH, KOH, or Ca(OH) 2 , a hydrate thereof, or a combination thereof.
- the basic compound may also be used in the form of an aqueous solution, and in this case, the solvent may be water or a mixture of water and an organic solvent (specifically, alcohol, etc.) that is uniformly miscible with water.
- the basic compound is added to adjust the pH of the reaction solution, and may be added in an amount such that the pH of the metal solution is 11 to 13.
- the coprecipitation reaction may be performed at a temperature of 40 to 70° C. under an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon.
- an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon.
- the precipitated nickel-cobalt-manganese hydroxide particles can be separated and dried according to a conventional method to obtain a nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor.
- the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor may be a secondary particle formed by agglomerating primary particles, and the average particle diameter (D50) of the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor secondary particle may be 4 to 8 ⁇ m, preferably It may be 4 to 7.5 ⁇ m, more preferably 4 to 7 ⁇ m.
- the lithium raw material may include lithium-containing sulfate, nitrate, acetate, carbonate, oxalate, citrate, halide, hydroxide, or oxyhydroxide, and is not particularly limited as long as it is soluble in water.
- the lithium source is Li 2 CO 3 , LiNO 3 , LiNO 2 , LiOH, LiOH ⁇ H 2 O, LiH, LiF, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, CH 3 COOLi, Li 2 O, Li 2 SO 4 , CH It may be 3 COOLi or Li 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 , and any one or a mixture of two or more of these may be used.
- the lithium raw materials may be mixed so that the molar ratio (Li/M) of lithium (Li) to the total metal elements (M) of the nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor is 1 to 1.5, preferably 1 to 1.1. .
- the content of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese-based positive electrode active material may be 50 to 95 parts by weight, preferably 60 to 90 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the positive electrode. If the content of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese-based positive electrode active material is less than 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total weight of the positive electrode, the electrochemical properties of the battery due to the positive electrode active material may be deteriorated, and if it exceeds 95 parts by weight, it may contain substances such as binders and conductive materials. Additional components may be included in small amounts, making it difficult to manufacture efficient batteries.
- the positive electrode further includes a binder and a conductive material in addition to the positive electrode active material.
- the binder is a component that assists the bonding of the positive electrode active material and the conductive material and the bonding to the current collector, for example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyvinylidene fluoride-polyhexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVdF/ HFP), polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl ether, polyethylene, polyethylene oxide, alkylated polyethylene oxide, polypropylene, polymethyl (meth)acrylate, polyethyl (meth)acrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ), polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyridine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EP
- the binder may be used in an amount of 1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 3 to 15 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total weight of the positive electrode. If the binder content is less than 1 part by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total weight of the positive electrode, the adhesion between the positive electrode active material and the current collector may be insufficient. In addition, if the binder content exceeds 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total weight of the positive electrode, the adhesion is improved, but the content of the positive electrode active material is reduced accordingly, which may lower battery capacity.
- the conductive material contained in the positive electrode is not particularly limited as long as it has excellent electrical conductivity without causing side reactions in the internal environment of the lithium secondary battery and without causing chemical changes in the battery.
- Representative examples include graphite or conductive carbon.
- graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite
- Carbon black such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, Denka black, thermal black, channel black, furnace black, and lamp black
- Carbon-based materials with a crystal structure of graphene or graphite Carbon-based materials with a crystal structure of graphene or graphite
- Conductive fibers such as carbon fiber and metal fiber; fluorinated carbon; Metal powders such as aluminum powder and nickel powder; Conductive whiskeys such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate;
- Conductive oxides such as titanium oxide
- conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives
- the conductive material may be used in an amount of 0.5 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 30 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total weight of the positive electrode. If the content of the conductive material is too small (less than 0.5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total weight of the positive electrode), it may be difficult to expect an effect of improving electrical conductivity or the electrochemical properties of the battery may deteriorate. In addition, if the content of the conductive material is too large, exceeding 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total weight of the positive electrode, the amount of positive electrode active material may be relatively small, thereby reducing capacity and energy density.
- the method of including the conductive material in the positive electrode is not greatly limited, and conventional methods known in the art, such as coating the positive electrode active material, can be used. Additionally, if necessary, a conductive second coating layer may be added to the cathode material to replace the addition of the above-described conductive material.
- a filler may be selectively added to the positive electrode of the present invention as a component to suppress its expansion.
- These fillers are not particularly limited as long as they can suppress the expansion of the electrode without causing chemical changes in the battery, and include, for example, olipine polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene; Fibrous materials such as glass fiber and carbon fiber; etc. can be used.
- the positive electrode included in the lithium secondary battery of the present invention can be manufactured by dispersing and mixing the positive electrode active material, binder, and conductive material in a dispersion medium (solvent) to create a slurry, and applying this to the positive electrode current collector, followed by drying and rolling.
- the dispersion medium may be NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), DMF (Dimethyl formamide), DMSO (Dimethyl sulfoxide), ethanol, isopropanol, water, and mixtures thereof, but is not necessarily limited thereto.
- the positive electrode current collector includes platinum (Pt), gold (Au), palladium (Pd), iridium (Ir), silver (Ag), ruthenium (Ru), nickel (Ni), stainless steel (STS), and aluminum (Al). ), molybdenum (Mo), chromium (Cr), carbon (C), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), ITO (In doped SnO 2 ), FTO (F doped SnO 2 ), and alloys thereof , Aluminum (Al) or stainless steel surface treated with carbon (C), nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), or silver (Ag) may be used, but are not necessarily limited thereto.
- the positive electrode current collector may be in the form of foil, film, sheet, punched material, porous material, foam, etc.
- the cathode can be manufactured according to conventional methods known in the art.
- the negative electrode can be manufactured by dispersing and mixing the negative electrode active material, conductive material, binder, and, if necessary, filler, etc. in a dispersion medium (solvent) to create a slurry, and applying this onto the negative electrode current collector, followed by drying and rolling.
- a dispersion medium solvent
- a compound capable of reversible intercalation and deintercalation of lithium may be used as the negative electrode active material.
- carbonaceous materials such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, graphitized carbon fiber, and amorphous carbon
- Metallic compounds that can be alloyed with lithium such as Si, Al, Sn, Pb, Sb, Zn, Bi, In, Mg, Ga, Cd, Si alloy, Sn alloy, or Al alloy
- Metal oxides that can dope and undope lithium such as SiO ⁇ (0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 2), SnO 2 , vanadium oxide, and lithium vanadium oxide
- a composite containing the above-described metallic compound and a carbonaceous material such as a Si-C composite or Sn-C composite, may be used, and any one or a mixture of two or more of these may be used.
- the carbon material may include both low-crystalline carbon and high-crystalline carbon.
- low-crystalline carbon include soft carbon and hard carbon
- high-crystalline carbon includes amorphous, plate-shaped, flaky, spherical, or fibrous natural graphite, artificial graphite, and Kish graphite.
- Representative examples include high-temperature calcined carbon such as derived cokes.
- the negative electrode current collector includes platinum (Pt), gold (Au), palladium (Pd), iridium (Ir), silver (Ag), ruthenium (Ru), nickel (Ni), stainless steel (STS), and copper (Cu).
- the form of the negative electrode current collector may be foil, film, sheet, punched, porous, foam, etc.
- a solid electrolyte positioned as a layered film that is, an electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery according to the present invention, may be positioned between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Therefore, in this case, the solid electrolyte may also serve as a separator (that is, electrically insulating the cathode and anode while simultaneously allowing lithium ions to pass through). At this time, the solid electrolyte may be attached to one side of the positive or negative electrode in the form of a thin film and included in the lithium secondary battery. Additionally, the solid electrolyte may be independently interposed between the anode and the cathode.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention may be a semi-solid battery that uses a liquid electrolyte and a solid electrolyte in combination, if necessary.
- a separate separator may be additionally included (that is, at least one of a separator and a solid electrolyte may be interposed between the anode and the cathode).
- olefinic polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene, glass fiber, etc. can be used in the form of sheets, multilayers, microporous films, woven fabrics and non-woven fabrics, but are necessarily limited to these. That is not the case.
- porous polyethylene or a porous glass fiber non-woven fabric (glass filter) as a separator
- the separator may be an insulating thin film with high ion permeability and mechanical strength, and the pore diameter of the separator may generally range from 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m and the thickness may generally range from 5 to 300 ⁇ m, but are not limited thereto.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention can be manufactured according to conventional methods in the art. For example, it can be manufactured by placing a porous separator between the anode and the cathode and adding an electrolyte solution.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention is not only applied to battery cells used as a power source for small devices, but can also be particularly suitably used as a unit cell in a battery module that is a power source for medium to large devices.
- the present invention also provides a battery module containing two or more lithium secondary batteries electrically connected (series or parallel).
- the quantity of lithium secondary batteries included in the battery module can be adjusted in various ways considering the use and capacity of the battery module.
- the present invention provides a battery pack in which the battery modules are electrically connected according to common techniques in the art.
- the battery module and battery pack include Power Tool; Electric vehicles, including Electric Vehicle (EV), Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV); electric truck; electric commercial vehicles; Alternatively, it can be used as a power source for any one or more mid- to large-sized devices among power storage systems, but is not necessarily limited to this.
- DADMA-TFSI Polydiallyldimethylammonium-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide
- SCE05 flame-retardant liquid electrolyte
- EDPTA trimethylolpropane triacrylate
- UV curing lamp for about 40 seconds to prepare a thin film electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries.
- the polymer electrolyte, flame-retardant liquid electrolyte, and crosslinking agent were used at a weight ratio of 1:1:0.8 (about 35.7% by weight: 35.7% by weight: 28.6% by weight).
- NiSO 4 , CoSO 4 , and MnSO 4 were mixed in water in an amount such that the molar ratio of nickel:cobalt:manganese was 80:10:10.
- a precursor formation solution with a concentration of 2.4 M was prepared.
- nitrogen gas was purged into the reactor at a rate of 25 liters/min to remove dissolved oxygen in the water and create a non-oxidizing atmosphere in the reactor.
- 83 g of a 25% NaOH aqueous solution was added, and the mixture was stirred at a speed of 700 rpm at 50°C to maintain pH 11.5.
- the precursor forming solutions were each added at a rate of 1.9 L/hr, and NaOH aqueous solution and NH 4 OH aqueous solution were added together to produce coprecipitation reaction for 48 hours to produce nickel-cobalt-manganese-containing hydroxide (Ni 0.5 Co 0.3 Mn 0.2 (OH ) 2 ) particles were formed.
- the prepared nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor and lithium source LiOH were added to the Henschel mixer (20L) so that the Li/M (Ni, Co, Mn) molar ratio was 1.02, and mixed at the center at 300 rpm for 20 minutes. did.
- the mixed powder was placed in an alumina crucible measuring 330 mm
- the prepared lithium nickel cobalt manganese-based positive electrode active material, carbon black as a conductive material, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as a binder were mixed at a weight ratio of 96.5:1.5:2 and dispersed in NMP solvent to prepare a slurry. Afterwards, this was coated to a uniform thickness on 25 ⁇ m thick aluminum foil using a blade-type coating machine, a Mathis coater (Labdryer/coater type LTE, Werner Mathis AG), and placed in a vacuum oven at 120°C for 13 hours. After drying for a while, a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery was manufactured.
- VdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- an electrode assembly was manufactured with the prepared electrolyte thin film for a lithium secondary battery interposed between them, and the electrode assembly was placed inside the case to form a lithium secondary battery.
- a battery was manufactured.
- a lithium secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that when adding a crosslinking agent (trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ETPTA), Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO, activated oxide ceramic) was also added. was manufactured. Meanwhile, the polymer electrolyte, flame-retardant liquid electrolyte, cross-linking agent, and active oxide-based ceramic were used at a weight ratio of 1:1:0.8:0.5.
- a crosslinking agent trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ETPTA
- LLZO activated oxide ceramic
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as Example 1, except that a cross-linking agent (trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ETPTA) was not used.
- a cross-linking agent trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ETPTA
- the weight ratio of the polymer electrolyte, flame-retardant liquid electrolyte, and crosslinking agent was changed from 1:1:0.8 (about 35.7% by weight: 35.7% by weight: 28.6% by weight) to 1:2.2:1.78 (about 20% by weight: 44.5% by weight: 35.5% by weight).
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that it was changed to .
- the weight ratio of the polymer electrolyte, flame-retardant liquid electrolyte, and crosslinking agent was changed from 1:1:0.8 (about 35.7% by weight: 35.7% by weight: 28.6% by weight) to 1:2.55:0.7 (about 23.5% by weight: 60% by weight: 16.5% by weight).
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that it was changed to .
- IVIUM STAT Ivium Technologies, Netherlands
- an AC impedance meter was used to measure the ionic conductivity.
- the polymer electrolytes containing a hydrocarbon-based polymer compound containing a cationic functional group were flame retardant, as shown in Table 1 above.
- the electrolyte of Example 1 containing a liquid electrolyte and a cross-linking agent, and the electrolyte of Example 2 further containing an active oxide-based ceramic are the electrolyte of Comparative Example 1 containing a typical polymer electrolyte or the electrolyte of Example 1 containing only a cross-linking agent. Ion conductivity was found to be higher than that of the electrolyte of Comparative Example 2 except for the electrolyte.
- Comparative Example 3 where the content of the polymer electrolyte was outside the scope of the present invention
- Comparative Example 4 where the content of the flame-retardant liquid electrolyte was outside the scope of the present invention, also showed lower ionic conductivity compared to Examples 1 and 2.
- ionic conductivity was further increased when active oxide-based ceramics were included in the electrolyte.
- a voltage of 10 mV was applied to the lithium secondary batteries prepared in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, respectively, to induce polarization in the electrode, and then the current in the polarized state was measured, and based on the measured current value
- I ss is the current value flowing in a steady state and is 25.5 ⁇ A (measured up to 6 hours)
- I 0 is the current value flowing in a polarized state and is 44.6 ⁇ A
- ⁇ V is the entire cell.
- R 0 is the interface resistance in the polarized state and is 136.06
- R ss is the interface resistance in the normal state and is 314.74.
- the polymer containing a hydrocarbon-based polymer compound containing a cationic functional group was shown in Table 2 above.
- the electrolyte of Example 1, which includes an electrolyte, a flame-retardant liquid electrolyte, and a crosslinking agent, and the electrolyte of Example 2, which further includes an active oxide-based ceramic, are the electrolyte of Comparative Example 1 or the electrolyte of Example 1, which includes a typical polymer electrolyte.
- the cation transport coefficient was found to be higher than the electrolyte of Comparative Example 2 excluding only the crosslinking agent.
- Comparative Example 3 where the content of the polymer electrolyte was outside the scope of the present invention
- Comparative Example 4 where the content of the flame-retardant liquid electrolyte was outside the scope of the present invention, showed a higher cation transport coefficient than Examples 1 and 2.
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Abstract
Description
이온 전도도 (λ[S/cm]) | |
실시예 1 | 2.77×10-4 |
실시예 2 | 3.14×10-4 |
비교예 1 | 7.90×10-5 |
비교예 2 | 7.70×10-5 |
비교예 3 | 2.04×10-5 |
비교예 4 | 2.54×10-5 |
양이온 수송 계수 | |
실시예 1 | 0.63 |
실시예 2 | 0.60 |
비교예 1 | 0.18 |
비교예 2 | 0.19 |
비교예 3 | 0.31 |
비교예 4 | 0.25 |
Claims (16)
- 양이온성 작용기를 함유하는 탄화수소계 고분자 화합물을 포함하는 고분자 전해질; 난연성 액체 전해질; 및 가교제;를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 전해질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 탄화수소계 고분자 화합물이 양이온성 작용기를 하나 이상 포함하는 탄소수 6 내지 20의 탄화수소 구조단위를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 리튬 이차전지용 전해질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 양이온성 작용기가 질소 양이온, 산소 양이온 및 황 양이온 중에서 선택되는 1종 이상의 양이온을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 리튬 이차전지용 전해질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 양이온성 작용기를 함유하는 탄화수소계 고분자 화합물이 폴리디알릴디메틸암모늄((C8H16N+)n, 1≤n≤10,000), 폴리메타크록시에틸트리메틸암모늄((C9H18NO2 +)n, 1≤n≤10,000), 폴리알릴아민([CH2CH(CH2NH2)]n, 1≤n≤10,000) 및 폴리소듐4-스타이렌설포네이트((C8H7NaO3S)n, 1≤n≤10,000)로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 리튬 이차전지용 전해질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 탄화수소계 고분자 화합물은 양이온성 작용기에 포함된 양이온에 대한 짝이온으로서 음이온을 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 리튬 이차전지용 전해질.
- 청구항 5에 있어서, 상기 음이온이 리튬 이차전지용 전해질에 포함된 리튬염의 음이온인 것을 특징으로 하는, 리튬 이차전지용 전해질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 난연성 액체 전해질이 카보네이트계 화합물, 포스페이트계 화합물 및 이온성 액체(Ionic liquid)로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상의 용매; 및 리튬염;을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 리튬 이차전지용 전해질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 가교제가 에톡시화 트리메틸올프로판 트리아크릴레이트, 트리메틸올프로판 에톡시트리아크릴레이트, 디펜타에리트리톨 펜타/헥사-아크릴레이트 및 트리스(2-히드록시에틸)이소시아누레이트 트리아크릴레이트로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 리튬 이차전지용 전해질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 고분자 전해질이 30 내지 60 중량%로, 상기 난연성 액체 전해질이 30 내지 50 중량%로, 상기 가교제가 2 내지 30 중량%로 포함되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 리튬 이차전지용 전해질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 리튬 이차전지용 전해질이 활성 산화물계 세라믹을 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 리튬 이차전지용 전해질.
- 청구항 10에 있어서, 상기 활성 산화물계 세라믹이 Li1+xAlxGe2-x(PO4)3 (LAGP), Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) 및 Li1+xAlxTi2-x(PO4)3 (LATP)로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 리튬 이차전지용 전해질.
- 청구항 10에 있어서, 상기 활성 산화물계 세라믹이 고분자 전해질, 난연성 액체 전해질 및 가교제를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 전해질 총 중량 100 중량부에 대해 15 내지 100 중량부로 포함되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 리튬 이차전지용 전해질.
- 리튬 니켈코발트망간계 양극 활물질을 포함하는 양극; 음극; 상기 양극과 음극의 사이에 개재되는 청구항 1의 리튬 이차전지용 전해질;을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지.
- 청구항 13에 있어서, 상기 리튬 이차전지용 전해질이 양극 또는 음극의 일면에 박막의 형태로 부착되거나 양극과 음극의 사이에 독립적으로 개재되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 리튬 이차전지.
- 청구항 13에 있어서, 상기 리튬 이차전지가 양극과 음극의 사이에 별도의 분리막을 추가로 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 리튬 이차전지.
- 청구항 13에 있어서, 상기 리튬 이차전지가 액체 전해질 및 고체 전해질을 포함하는 반(Semi)고체 전지인 것을 특징으로 하는, 리튬 이차전지.
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