WO2023194776A1 - A method for preparation of biodegradable mass of wood ash and binder and a biodegradable container made from the mass - Google Patents
A method for preparation of biodegradable mass of wood ash and binder and a biodegradable container made from the mass Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023194776A1 WO2023194776A1 PCT/IB2022/053224 IB2022053224W WO2023194776A1 WO 2023194776 A1 WO2023194776 A1 WO 2023194776A1 IB 2022053224 W IB2022053224 W IB 2022053224W WO 2023194776 A1 WO2023194776 A1 WO 2023194776A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- mass
- biodegradable
- ash
- clay
- binder
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000010803 wood ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 37
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000704 biodegradable plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 101000614609 Homo sapiens Junctophilin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100040504 Junctophilin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010794 food waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003898 horticulture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003133 pregelled starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0291—Planting receptacles specially adapted for remaining in the soil after planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
- A61G17/00—Coffins; Funeral wrappings; Funeral urns
- A61G17/007—Coffins; Funeral wrappings; Funeral urns characterised by the construction material used, e.g. biodegradable material; Use of several materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
- A61G17/00—Coffins; Funeral wrappings; Funeral urns
- A61G17/08—Urns
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/001—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing unburned clay
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
- A61G2203/00—General characteristics of devices
- A61G2203/70—General characteristics of devices with special adaptations, e.g. for safety or comfort
- A61G2203/90—General characteristics of devices with special adaptations, e.g. for safety or comfort biodegradable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D65/00—Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
- B65D65/38—Packaging materials of special type or form
- B65D65/46—Applications of disintegrable, dissolvable or edible materials
- B65D65/466—Bio- or photodegradable packaging materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00948—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for the fabrication of containers
Definitions
- the invention relates to materials degrading in soil, specifically the invention relates to a method for preparation of a mass with wood ash and binder as clay and optional additional binders, which is biodegradable in soil, and a biodegradable container made of the mass.
- Wood ash is a solid residue of wood combustion, consisting of a mineral (predominant) and organic (marginal share) part.
- the wood ash content accounts for approx. 1-3% of the dry biomass weight. Bark increases the average ash content, with ash content accounting for 3-4% of dry bark weight.
- the properties of ash are mostly affected by the combustion temperature of wood in the furnace.
- Wood ash is a fine-grained material, where the particle size is similar to the size of clay ( ⁇ 0.01 mm) and dust particles (0.002-0.05 mm).
- the average density of wood ash is 0.27- 0.67 g/cm 3 , dry matter content > 99%, pH > 12.
- the mineral part of wood ash is formed by amorphous, semi-crystalline and crystalline components and the organic part by biologically stable charcoal and organic minerals, which occur in the ash in case of incomplete combustion of the fuel. From horticultural aspect, wood ash is valuable mostly due to the content of P, Ca, Mg and K. Plants can absorb the nutrients contained in ash, wherefore ash is used in agriculture, gardening and forestry. For example, field and greenhouse tests conducted with wood ash have shown that ash, delivered with the rate of up to 50 t/ha, is a suitable fertilizer for many plant species. See "Wood ash valorization as functional fertilizers in agri- and horticulture", Environmental Investment Centre Project No. 10053 report, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 2016, https://www.kik.ee/sites/default/files/uuringud/kik_10053_aruanne-05.07.16.pdf.
- Clay is a sedimentary rock, where the diameter of particles (clay minerals) is 0.005- 0.0002 mm and the number of such particles in one cubic meter is approximately one trillion. Clay can be used as a binder.
- a biodegradable flower pot (KR201 10015487, Seo Jung Soo, published February 16, 201 1 ), where natural by-products are used and a method is provided, which foresees the use of biodegradable materials, including food waste and agricultural by-products, in producing the flower pot.
- the method for the preparation of biodegradable flower pot comprises the following stages: crushing and grinding of natural by-products (such as sorghum, grass seeds, rice, barley, soyabean, wheat grain, rice straw, barley straw, grass, corn stems, cane, weed, manure), adding starch, yellow soil and clay to the mixture, the mixture is heated under pressure and moulded under pressure into a flower pot, the moulded flower pot is dried and coated with waterproof plant paint. No wood ash is used in this solution.
- natural by-products such as sorghum, grass seeds, rice, barley, soyabean, wheat grain, rice straw, barley straw, grass, corn stems, cane, weed, manure
- JPH1 1 178868 a material that does not pollute the environment and degrades over time in a natural environment.
- Wood, wood powder, biodegradable plastic or natural ores could be used as the material.
- the urn together with the ash degrade through the action of micro-organisms in the soil. No clay is used in this solution.
- the purpose of the invention is to present a method for the preparation of a biodegradable mass, which comprises wood ash and clay as a binder or another additional natural binder as an additive, to prepare a single-use container that biodegrades in soil.
- the method for the preparation of the biodegradable mass of wood ash and clay comprises the following stages: the mass is obtained by mixing fine-grained wood ash and clay as a binder, while ash content in the mass accounts for 55-65% and clay content 45-35%; the mass is given a form and air-dried in a gypsum mould, while the used mass is fresh; the formed container is removed from the mould and is dipped in water; the container that has been dipped in water is dried in the air. Prior to placing into the mould, the mass is rolled in dry wood ash. The wood ash is ash combusted from wood chips from forestry and the clay is Cambrian blue clay of Kunda.
- a natural binder is used as an additional binder, selected from among bentonite, gypsum, cement, dolomite or sawdust.
- the biodegradable container produced with the presented method comprises wood ash 55-65% and clay 45-35%, while the wood ash is ash combusted from wood chips from forestry, sieved to particles size 1 mm and the clay is Cambrian blue clay of Kunda.
- the biodegradable container is a planting pot or a burial urn.
- the biodegradable mass obtained with the method of the invention comprises wood ash, which is preferably the residual product obtained with the combustion of woodchips in the central heating wood furnace with a grate, bound together with clay, which is preferably the Cambrian blue clay of Kunda.
- the ash does not stay together without the additive(s).
- the wood chips used are preferably wood chips from forestry, including both wood and bark.
- the preferable binder to be used is the Cambrian blue clay of Kunda, which belongs in the group of low-melting clays of medium plasticity.
- the clay is a bluish green sedimentary rock with the smallest particles, the diameter of the particles is a thousandth of millimetre, predominantly 0.005-0.0002 mm. There are approximately one trillion particles in one cubic centimetre. At this, the clay particles are not a mechanically ground powder of our regular minerals (quartz, feldspar and other additives), but clay minerals.
- the drying shrinkage of the clay is 7-8%.
- the obtained mass is used to prepare a single-use container, which remains stable in normal use and is biodegradable in soil.
- the container is a planting pot or a burying urn.
- the preferable maximum capacity of the container is 3 litres, it remains stable with short-term exposure to water (either immersed once or for 1-3 days, if additional binders are used) and preferably biodegrades in soil in 3-7 years.
- the mass is formed into a container with the required shape.
- the mould is preferably a gypsum mould, but melds of other materials (such as plastic, bioplastic, silicone, paper or another fibre) may also be used.
- the preferable ratio of ash and clay in the mass in per cents is 55-65% of ash: 45- 35% of clay.
- the additional binder is optional and forms a marginal part of the whole mass.
- the desirable ratio of ash and clay in the mass depends on the composition of the ash. The more ash in the mass, the longer stability of unfired mass exposed to water. The more clay in the mass, the faster the container degrades in case of exposure to water.
- the physical properties of the container are also dependent on the ash used, for example, containers prepared with the same recipe, using lighter ash, are more durable than containers of darker ash. Since each batch of ash is different, a sample must be prepared of each ash batch for the production of containers. The content of ash in the mass should exceed the mass of clay and additional binder, to make sure that unfired mass (fresh mass) would remain stable sufficiently long in case of exposure to water (for example, after dipping in water once or immersion for a short period).
- the wood ash has been sieved previously (preferably to maximum particle size of 1 mm). The finer the sieve, the better the ash remains together, and the more there are additional particles in the ash, the more brittle is the form made from the ash.
- the clay provides the container with the necessary plasticity and allows the ash to stay together.
- additional binders may be used in addition to clay.
- additional binders could be, for example, bentonite, gypsum, cement, dolomite, sawdust. Bentonite, for instance, increases the elasticity of the mass, but reduces the stability of the container in exposure to water. Some additional binders increase the durability and stability of the container, but elongate the production process of the container (longer drying time).
- the mass comprises only wood ash and clay, most preferably the Cambrian blue clay of Kunda.
- the container is preferably produced from fresh mass (no post-baking). In order to avoid immediate degradation of the container produced from a fresh mass in a mould, the container is briefly dipped in water and dried, thereby making the container more durable and more stable when exposed to water.
- the method for the preparation of biodegradable mass and production of a biodegradable container from the mass comprises the following stages: wood ash and clay or another additional natural binder is mixed to achieve a plastic and mouldable mass; the mass is placed in a mould; the mass is air-dried in the mould; the mass is removed from the mould and a container is achieved; the container is immersed in water and dried in air.
- the method is executed by first preparing the mass for which fine-grained and sieved wood ash and clay are mixed in a mixer (until the mixture becomes plastic and mouldable) in the following ratio by per cent: ash 55-65%, clay 45-35%.
- a mixer until the mixture becomes plastic and mouldable
- the resulting mass stays well together, has good moldability, durability, sufficient stability in exposure to water, and the mass is fresh, i.e. without additional firing.
- the mass is formed into a container in a gypsum mould. Before placing into the gypsum mould, the mass is preferably rolled in dry wood ash, facilitating removal of the container from the gypsum mould. The mass is air-dried inside the mould, then the formed container is removed from the mould, is briefly dipped in water (preferably at room temperature) and dried in the air preferably for approximately 160 hours.
- the embodiment of the invention proceeds from the premise that the weight of the ashes to be used varies, and therefore the weight of the components used in the tests were selected in the ranges: ash 45-80% and clay 20-55%. Masses, where the ash content was > 65% and ⁇ 55% proved to be the weakest. Tests also showed that the more ash in the ash and clay mixture, the longer the stability of the unfired mass in water. Therefore, the recipe of the most durable ash and clay mass is: ash 55-65% and clay 45-35%.
- the produced container is intended for single-use and is stable in conventional use, but has reduced stability when placed in soil and degrades (biodegrades) completely over time (preferably in 3-7 years).
- the container is a planting pot and burying urn.
- the container also functions as a source of additional fertiliser.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Abstract
A method for preparation of biodegradable mass of wood ash and binder wherein fine-grained wood ash and clay as a binding agent are mixed, while there is more ash than binding agent in the mass. The mass is formed in a mold and air-dried in the mold. Container removed from the mold is briefly dipped in water and dried in the air. Optionally, additional binders can be used. The biodegradable container is a planting pot or a burial urn.
Description
A method for preparation of biodegradable mass of wood ash and binder and a biodegradable container made from the mass
Technical field
The invention relates to materials degrading in soil, specifically the invention relates to a method for preparation of a mass with wood ash and binder as clay and optional additional binders, which is biodegradable in soil, and a biodegradable container made of the mass.
Prior art
Wood ash is a solid residue of wood combustion, consisting of a mineral (predominant) and organic (marginal share) part. The wood ash content accounts for approx. 1-3% of the dry biomass weight. Bark increases the average ash content, with ash content accounting for 3-4% of dry bark weight. The properties of ash are mostly affected by the combustion temperature of wood in the furnace. Wood ash is a fine-grained material, where the particle size is similar to the size of clay (< 0.01 mm) and dust particles (0.002-0.05 mm). The average density of wood ash is 0.27- 0.67 g/cm3, dry matter content > 99%, pH > 12. The mineral part of wood ash is formed by amorphous, semi-crystalline and crystalline components and the organic part by biologically stable charcoal and organic minerals, which occur in the ash in case of incomplete combustion of the fuel. From horticultural aspect, wood ash is valuable mostly due to the content of P, Ca, Mg and K. Plants can absorb the nutrients contained in ash, wherefore ash is used in agriculture, gardening and forestry. For example, field and greenhouse tests conducted with wood ash have shown that ash, delivered with the rate of up to 50 t/ha, is a suitable fertilizer for many plant species. See "Wood ash valorization as functional fertilizers in agri- and horticulture", Environmental Investment Centre Project No. 10053 report, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 2016, https://www.kik.ee/sites/default/files/uuringud/kik_10053_aruanne-05.07.16.pdf.
Clay is a sedimentary rock, where the diameter of particles (clay minerals) is 0.005- 0.0002 mm and the number of such particles in one cubic meter is approximately one trillion. Clay can be used as a binder.
Known are biodegradable planting pots of natural cellulose, in paper package, and coconut coir pots. Known are also planting pots http://ee.china-bamboo- products.in/bamboo-gardening/bamboo-fiber-plant-pot/trendy-biodegradable- planters-pots.html, which are produced from natural plant fibres (rice hulls, rice stalks, wheat straw, corn stalks and bamboo fillings or natural bamboo fibres and rice husks). No wood ash is used here.
Known is a biodegradable flower pot (KR201 10015487, Seo Jung Soo, published February 16, 201 1 ), where natural by-products are used and a method is provided, which foresees the use of biodegradable materials, including food waste and agricultural by-products, in producing the flower pot. The method for the preparation of biodegradable flower pot comprises the following stages: crushing and grinding of natural by-products (such as sorghum, grass seeds, rice, barley, soyabean, wheat grain, rice straw, barley straw, grass, corn stems, cane, weed, manure), adding starch, yellow soil and clay to the mixture, the mixture is heated under pressure and moulded under pressure into a flower pot, the moulded flower pot is dried and coated with waterproof plant paint. No wood ash is used in this solution.
Known is an urn (JPH1 1 178868, Sasaki Nobumasa, published July 06, 1999), which is produced from a material that does not pollute the environment and degrades over time in a natural environment. Wood, wood powder, biodegradable plastic or natural ores could be used as the material. The urn together with the ash degrade through the action of micro-organisms in the soil. No clay is used in this solution.
Known is a method for the preparation of biodegradable containers (EP1327663, New Ice Ltd, published July 16, 2003), which comprises the stages: forming a pre-gelled starch suspension, adding to this wood fibre and wood powder, to which clay, ash, water, unmodified starch are added selectively, to create a homogeneous mouldable composition mixture, the homogeneous composition is formed with heat and heat/pressure, to produce the biodegradable container. A disadvantage of this solution is the method, which is more complex and more expensive, because other substances in addition to clay and ash are used for the preparation of the composition mixture and the biodegradable container is moulded with heat/pressure.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the invention is to present a method for the preparation of a biodegradable mass, which comprises wood ash and clay as a binder or another additional natural binder as an additive, to prepare a single-use container that biodegrades in soil.
The method for the preparation of the biodegradable mass of wood ash and clay comprises the following stages: the mass is obtained by mixing fine-grained wood ash and clay as a binder, while ash content in the mass accounts for 55-65% and clay content 45-35%; the mass is given a form and air-dried in a gypsum mould, while the used mass is fresh; the formed container is removed from the mould and is dipped in water; the container that has been dipped in water is dried in the air. Prior to placing into the mould, the mass is rolled in dry wood ash. The wood ash is ash combusted from wood chips from forestry and the clay is Cambrian blue clay of Kunda. A natural binder is used as an additional binder, selected from among bentonite, gypsum, cement, dolomite or sawdust.
The biodegradable container produced with the presented method comprises wood ash 55-65% and clay 45-35%, while the wood ash is ash combusted from wood chips from forestry, sieved to particles size 1 mm and the clay is Cambrian blue clay of Kunda. The biodegradable container is a planting pot or a burial urn.
Embodiment of the invention
The biodegradable mass obtained with the method of the invention comprises wood ash, which is preferably the residual product obtained with the combustion of woodchips in the central heating wood furnace with a grate, bound together with clay, which is preferably the Cambrian blue clay of Kunda. The ash does not stay together without the additive(s).
The wood chips used are preferably wood chips from forestry, including both wood and bark.
Other natural binders can also be used in addition to clay.
The preferable binder to be used is the Cambrian blue clay of Kunda, which belongs in the group of low-melting clays of medium plasticity. The clay is a bluish green sedimentary rock with the smallest particles, the diameter of the particles is a thousandth of millimetre, predominantly 0.005-0.0002 mm. There are approximately one trillion particles in one cubic centimetre. At this, the clay particles are not a mechanically ground powder of our regular minerals (quartz, feldspar and other additives), but clay minerals. The drying shrinkage of the clay is 7-8%.
The obtained mass is used to prepare a single-use container, which remains stable in normal use and is biodegradable in soil. In preferred embodiments, the container is a planting pot or a burying urn. The preferable maximum capacity of the container is 3 litres, it remains stable with short-term exposure to water (either immersed once or for 1-3 days, if additional binders are used) and preferably biodegrades in soil in 3-7 years. In a mould, the mass is formed into a container with the required shape. The mould is preferably a gypsum mould, but melds of other materials (such as plastic, bioplastic, silicone, paper or another fibre) may also be used.
The preferable ratio of ash and clay in the mass in per cents is 55-65% of ash: 45- 35% of clay. The additional binder is optional and forms a marginal part of the whole mass. The desirable ratio of ash and clay in the mass depends on the composition of the ash. The more ash in the mass, the longer stability of unfired mass exposed to water. The more clay in the mass, the faster the container degrades in case of exposure to water. The physical properties of the container are also dependent on the ash used, for example, containers prepared with the same recipe, using lighter ash, are more durable than containers of darker ash. Since each batch of ash is different, a sample must be prepared of each ash batch for the production of containers. The content of ash in the mass should exceed the mass of clay and additional binder, to make sure that unfired mass (fresh mass) would remain stable sufficiently long in case of exposure to water (for example, after dipping in water once or immersion for a short period).
The wood ash has been sieved previously (preferably to maximum particle size of 1 mm). The finer the sieve, the better the ash remains together, and the more there are additional particles in the ash, the more brittle is the form made from the ash.
The clay provides the container with the necessary plasticity and allows the ash to stay together.
Optionally, other additional binders may be used in addition to clay. Such additional binders could be, for example, bentonite, gypsum, cement, dolomite, sawdust. Bentonite, for instance, increases the elasticity of the mass, but reduces the stability of the container in exposure to water. Some additional binders increase the durability and stability of the container, but elongate the production process of the container (longer drying time).
In the preferred embodiment, the mass comprises only wood ash and clay, most preferably the Cambrian blue clay of Kunda.
The container is preferably produced from fresh mass (no post-baking). In order to avoid immediate degradation of the container produced from a fresh mass in a mould, the container is briefly dipped in water and dried, thereby making the container more durable and more stable when exposed to water.
The method for the preparation of biodegradable mass and production of a biodegradable container from the mass comprises the following stages: wood ash and clay or another additional natural binder is mixed to achieve a plastic and mouldable mass; the mass is placed in a mould; the mass is air-dried in the mould; the mass is removed from the mould and a container is achieved; the container is immersed in water and dried in air.
The method is executed by first preparing the mass for which fine-grained and sieved wood ash and clay are mixed in a mixer (until the mixture becomes plastic and mouldable) in the following ratio by per cent: ash 55-65%, clay 45-35%. The resulting mass stays well together, has good moldability, durability, sufficient stability in exposure to water, and the mass is fresh, i.e. without additional firing.
The mass is formed into a container in a gypsum mould. Before placing into the gypsum mould, the mass is preferably rolled in dry wood ash, facilitating removal of
the container from the gypsum mould. The mass is air-dried inside the mould, then the formed container is removed from the mould, is briefly dipped in water (preferably at room temperature) and dried in the air preferably for approximately 160 hours.
The embodiment of the invention proceeds from the premise that the weight of the ashes to be used varies, and therefore the weight of the components used in the tests were selected in the ranges: ash 45-80% and clay 20-55%. Masses, where the ash content was > 65% and < 55% proved to be the weakest. Tests also showed that the more ash in the ash and clay mixture, the longer the stability of the unfired mass in water. Therefore, the recipe of the most durable ash and clay mass is: ash 55-65% and clay 45-35%.
The produced container is intended for single-use and is stable in conventional use, but has reduced stability when placed in soil and degrades (biodegrades) completely over time (preferably in 3-7 years). Preferably, the container is a planting pot and burying urn. As a planting pot, the container also functions as a source of additional fertiliser.
Claims
1 . A method for preparation of a biodegradable mass of wood ash and binder, which comprises the following stages: fine-grained substance and binder are mixed and the mixture is formed into a biodegradable material, characterized in that the mass is obtained by mixing fine-grained wood ash and clay as a binder; the obtained mass is given a form in a mould; the mass is air-dried in the mould; the container is removed from the mould; the container is dipped in water; the container, which has been dipped in water, is air-dried; and the used mass is fresh.
2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the content of ash in the mass is 55-65% and the content of clay is 45-35%.
3. The method according to claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the mould is a gypsum mould.
4. The method according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that prior to placing into the mould, the mass is rolled in dry wood ash.
5. The method according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that additional optional binder used is a natural binder, with the choice between bentonite, gypsum, cement, dolomite or sawdust.
6. A biodegradable container made from the mass of wood ash and binder according to the method of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the biodegradable container comprises wood ash and clay, while the content of clay is 55-65% and clay 45-35%.
7. The biodegradable container according to claim 6, characterized in that the wood ash is ash from combusted wood chips from forestry, sieved to 1 mm particle size.
8. The biodegradable container according to claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the clay is the Cambrian blue clay of Kunda.
9. The biodegradable container according to claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the additional optional binder is a natural binder selected from bentonite, gypsum, cement, dolomite or sawdust.
10. The biodegradable container according to claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the biodegradable container is a planting pot.
11 . The biodegradable container according to claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the biodegradable pot is a burying urn.
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JPH11178868A (en) | 1997-12-24 | 1999-07-06 | Nobumasa Sasaki | Urn and wrapping bag for storing ash |
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CN107306692A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2017-11-03 | 合肥百绿盛农业科技有限公司 | One kind is exempted to heel in insect prevention pot for growing seedlings |
CN108476793A (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-09-04 | 安徽建筑大学 | A kind of environment-friendly type three-dimensional vegetable cultivation plate and preparation method thereof |
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JPH11178868A (en) | 1997-12-24 | 1999-07-06 | Nobumasa Sasaki | Urn and wrapping bag for storing ash |
JP2000083485A (en) * | 1998-09-11 | 2000-03-28 | Okura Ind Co Ltd | Seedling-growing pot |
EP1327663A1 (en) | 2002-01-11 | 2003-07-16 | New Ice Limited | Biodegradable or compostable containers |
JP2003220100A (en) * | 2002-01-29 | 2003-08-05 | Sadao Kato | Naturally decomposable urn and production method thereof |
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KR20110015487A (en) | 2009-08-08 | 2011-02-16 | 서정수 | Biodegradability pot |
CN107306692A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2017-11-03 | 合肥百绿盛农业科技有限公司 | One kind is exempted to heel in insect prevention pot for growing seedlings |
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