CN106747789B - Vinegar residue biomass charcoal compound matrix - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vinegar residue biomass charcoal compound matrix which comprises the following substances in percentage by volume: 30-60% of vinegar residue biomass charcoal, 0-30% of dry vinegar residue and the balance vermiculite perlite; wherein the vinegar residue biomass charcoal is prepared by mixing and carbonizing dry biomass waste and dry vinegar residue. The invention also discloses vinegar residue biomass charcoal, which can replace peat to become a component of a plant growth matrix, and the vinegar residue biomass charcoal compound matrix disclosed by the invention is a more ideal plant growth matrix. The invention not only can effectively utilize industrial and agricultural waste resources, effectively solve the problem of atmospheric pollution caused by straw combustion, but also can relieve the exploitation pressure of peat resources, and opens up an important way for solving the environmental pollution and changing waste into valuable for industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of resource recycling, and relates to a vinegar residue biomass charcoal compound matrix.
Background
The peat is widely used as a plant growth substrate because of its advantages of light weight, good water absorption and air permeability, high humic acid content, rich organic matter and fiber content, looseness, porosity, strong buffer capacity and the like. However, it is statistically estimated that the current global peat reserves are about 4X 108hm2Only 3% of the land area of the ball is occupied. And with the increasing demand of people for peat resources, the area of peat is rapidly reduced, the quality is gradually reduced, while the peat belongs to non-renewable resources in a short period, and the regional distribution difference is large, so that the price of the peat is high, and the cost of the matrix is increased. Moreover, because peat resources are an important storage bank of carbon, under the large background of global warming and greenhouse gas emission alleviation, the protection of peat resources and the limitation of peat development and utilization are also important. Therefore, the research of the substitute of the peat substrate becomes a focus of attention.
In recent years, thermal cracking, carbonization and utilization of biomass waste are attracting more and more attention. The biomass charcoal is a highly aromatic, carbon-rich and porous-surface solid substance produced by thermal cracking and carbonization of biomass wastes under the condition of complete or partial oxygen deficiency. The biomass charcoal has the advantages of light weight, loose and porous surface, stable chemical property, water storage and fertilizer conservation and the like. Researches show that the biomass charcoal has the effects of preserving water and fertilizer, improving the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, promoting the growth of root systems, improving the quality and yield of crops and the like. At present, a few research report experiments show that the research on applying the biochar to the seedling culture substrate can promote early tomato seedling emergence to a certain extent and improve the tomato yield by partially replacing peat with the biochar substrate. Therefore, the biomass charcoal has great potential to replace peat in plant growth substrates. All biomass raw materials can be prepared into biomass charcoal through thermal cracking, so that an important way is provided for recycling biomass wastes such as crop straws, livestock and poultry manure, Chinese medicinal material residues and branches, wood chips and the like. Particularly, serious haze in the atmospheric environment caused by straw combustion in recent years in China has become an important focus of national attention. If the straws are prepared into the biomass charcoal and used for preparing the matrix, the method has important contribution to solving the problem of atmospheric pollution caused by straw combustion. However, previous studies have shown that peat in the substrate can only be partially replaced by biochar, mainly because biochar is generally more alkaline, with a pH of about 9-11. In general, the pH of the nutrient solution is affected by the peracid or the over-alkali substrate, the chemical balance of the nutrient solution is destroyed, and the form of nutrients in the nutrient solution is changed, so that the nutrient absorption of crops is affected. If the biomass charcoal is used as a substrate raw material to completely replace peat, the excessive alkalinity of the biomass charcoal has a certain inhibiting effect on the growth of plants. The pH value of the peat is generally 5.5-7.0, so that the key point for overcoming the defect of high alkalinity of the biomass charcoal to become an ideal substitute of the biomass charcoal is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: provides a slightly acidic or neutral vinegar residue biomass charcoal compound matrix, so as to change waste into valuable and protect peat resources.
In order to solve the technical problems, the first technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the vinegar residue biomass charcoal compound matrix is characterized by comprising the following substances in percentage by volume: 30-60% of vinegar residue biomass charcoal, 0-30% of dry vinegar residue and the balance vermiculite perlite; wherein the vinegar residue biomass charcoal is prepared by mixing and carbonizing dry biomass waste and dry vinegar residue.
The water content of the dry vinegar residue is below 20 percent by mass; the water content of the dry biomass waste is below 20% by mass.
Preferably, the dry vinegar residue accounts for 10-30% of the total volume of the dry vinegar residue.
The dry biomass waste is one or more of crop straws, branches, wood chips, traditional Chinese medicine residues or livestock and poultry excrement.
Mixing dry biomass waste and dry vinegar residue for preparing vinegar residue biomass charcoal according to a volume ratio of 2-5: 1, wherein the carbonization condition is an anaerobic condition at a temperature of 350-500 ℃.
The grain diameter of the vinegar residue biomass charcoal is 1-5mm, the pH is 5.5-8, the total porosity is 40% -60%, and the filling density is 0.3-0.1g/cm3The conductivity is 0.5-3Ms/cm, the specific surface area is 30-50g/cm2。
The preparation of the vinegar residue biomass charcoal comprises the following specific steps:
(1) independently airing and air-drying the vinegar residue and the biomass waste to prepare dry vinegar residue and dry biomass waste with the water content of less than 20 percent by mass;
(2) mixing the dry biomass waste obtained in the step (1) with the dry vinegar residue according to the volume ratio of 2-6: 1, carbonizing at the temperature of 350-500 ℃ under an anaerobic condition, cooling, grinding and sieving to obtain the vinegar residue biomass charcoal.
In the step (2), the anaerobic condition is a nitrogen condition, the carbonization time is 2-4 hours, and the mesh number of the sieve is 1-5 mm.
In the step (1), the airing temperature is room temperature.
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a vinegar residue biomass charcoal is prepared by mixing and carbonizing dry biomass waste and dry vinegar residue; the dry biomass waste and the dry vinegar residue are mixed according to the volume ratio of 2-6: 1, and the carbonization condition is that the dry biomass waste and the dry vinegar residue are carbonized for 2-4 hours at the temperature of 350-500 ℃ under the anaerobic condition. Preferably, the oxygen-free conditions are nitrogen conditions.
The particle size of the vinegar residue biomass charcoal is 1-5mm, and the pH value is 5.5-8. Preferably, the grain diameter of the vinegar residue biomass charcoal is 1-5mm, the pH value is 5.5-7, the total porosity is 40% -60%, and the filling density is 0.3-0.1g/cm3The conductivity is 0.5-3Ms/cm, the specific surface area is 30-50cm2/g。
The dry biomass waste is one or more of all crop straws, branches, sawdust, traditional Chinese medicine residues or livestock and poultry excrement.
The preparation of the vinegar residue biomass charcoal comprises the following specific steps:
(1) independently airing and air-drying the vinegar residue and the biomass waste to prepare dry vinegar residue and dry biomass waste with the water content of less than 20 percent by mass;
(2) mixing the dry biomass waste obtained in the step (1) with the dry vinegar residue according to the volume ratio of 2-6: 1, carbonizing at the temperature of 350-500 ℃ under an anaerobic condition, cooling, grinding and sieving to obtain the vinegar residue biomass charcoal.
In the step (2), the anaerobic condition is a nitrogen condition, the carbonization time is 2-4 hours, and the mesh number of the sieve is 1-5 mm.
In the step (1), the airing temperature is room temperature.
The vinegar residue is residue left after brewing vinegar from rice, wheat, sorghum and the like, but after vinegar pouring, the auxiliary materials such as chaff and the like are not utilized, a large amount of waste vinegar residue is generated, and the environmental pressure is great when a large amount of vinegar residue is stacked. The vinegar residue has pH of about 5-6, and is rich in plant essential nutrients, such as crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, calcium, phosphorus, and trace elements such as ferrum, zinc, selenium, and manganese. The vinegar residue can be directly mixed with alkaline biomass charcoal to adjust the pH value of the matrix, but because the pH value of the biomass charcoal is generally between 9 and 11, a large amount of vinegar residue needs to be added for neutralizing the alkalinity, but the vinegar residue has the defects of coarse particles and large ventilation pores, the ventilation pores in the matrix are increased along with the increase of the content of the vinegar residue, the water retention pores are reduced, the moisture content of the matrix is smaller, and the water retention capacity of the matrix is obviously reduced.
Aiming at the defect of high pH value of the conventional biomass charcoal, the vinegar residue biomass charcoal prepared by the invention has the pH value of 5.5-8, covers the pH value of common peat, and is more suitable to be used as a substrate to be suitable for the growth of crops compared with the conventional biomass charcoal. The substrate prepared by peat is completely replaced by the vinegar residue biomass charcoal prepared by the invention, and compared with the conventional peat substrate, the ventilation pore and water retention are obviously improved. The large particles of the dried vinegar residue are more, and a certain amount of vinegar residue is added into the biomass raw material, so that the biomass charcoal can be increased in proportion to increase the large particles, the air permeability of the prepared matrix is improved, the water-gas ratio of the matrix is further adjusted, and the matrix is more suitable for the growth of crops. Therefore, the invention further prepares the ideal substrate more suitable for plant growth by compounding the vinegar residue biomass charcoal, a certain proportion of dry vinegar residue and other materials. Meanwhile, the vinegar residue is rich in nutrient components required by plants, such as crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, calcium, phosphorus, and trace elements such as iron, zinc, selenium, manganese and the like, so that the growth of crops can be further promoted. In addition, the added dry vinegar residue can also play a role in neutralizing the alkalescence of the biomass charcoal and adjusting the pH of the matrix to a certain extent.
However, when the proportion of the dry vinegar residue added into the vinegar residue biomass charcoal compound matrix is too large, the influence on the water holding capacity of the matrix is remarkably reduced. Therefore, the preferable vinegar residue biomass charcoal compound matrix comprises 10-30% of dry vinegar residue in volume percentage.
Has the advantages that: the invention not only can effectively utilize industrial and agricultural biomass waste resources, but also can relieve the exploitation pressure of peat resources, and opens up an important way for solving environmental pollution, changing waste into valuables and recycling resources for industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of preparation of vinegar residue biomass charcoal compound matrix;
FIG. 2 shows the effect of different substrates on the seedling growth index of crops.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better understood from the following examples. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the description of the embodiments is only for illustrating the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention as detailed in the claims.
The conventional biomass charcoal used in the invention is prepared by carrying out anaerobic thermal cracking on wheat straws at 350-500 ℃. Vermiculite and perlite are purchased from Nanjing flower market, and peat and vinegar residue are purchased from Zhenjiang bud-culturing organic fertilizer Co.
Example 1
Collecting wheat straws as biomass waste, keeping the collected vinegar residue and the biomass waste at room temperature for air drying or airing to reduce the water content of the vinegar residue and the biomass waste to be below 20%, then mixing the obtained dry vinegar residue and the dry biomass waste according to the following volume ratio, carbonizing for 2-4 hours at the temperature of 350-500 ℃ under an anaerobic condition, cooling, grinding and sieving to obtain vinegar residue biomass charcoal with the particle size of 1-5mm, wherein the pH value of the prepared vinegar residue biomass charcoal is shown in table 1. As can be seen from the table, the pH of the biomass charcoal can be significantly reduced by mixing the biomass and the vinegar residue in a certain proportion for anaerobic thermal cracking, and the pH of the biomass charcoal gradually decreases with the increase of the proportion of the vinegar residue.
TABLE 1 pH values of different Biomass charcoals
Effect of matrix composition on crop growth
In example 2, a peat-added substrate CK and a conventional biomass charcoal substrate B are used as a control, and different proportions of dry vinegar residue are added to prepare a series of vinegar residue biomass charcoal compound substrates (BV, BV1, BV2 and BV3) which are used as experimental objects, and the specific proportions are shown in table 2.
Table 2 volume ratio of base material (%)
Soaking pepper seeds in warm water at 55 ℃, accelerating germination in a constant-temperature incubator at 30 ℃ under the dark condition, sowing seeds with consistent uniformity after exposure to white, selecting a 72-hole plug tray as a sowing container, uniformly filling substrates subjected to different treatments into the plug tray, repeating each treatment and control for 3 times, and randomly grouping and arranging. And irrigating clear water before nine am every day, not supplementing nutrient solution in the period, and sampling 50 days later to determine the overground and underground growth indexes of the seedlings.
1. Pore characteristics of different biomass charcoal compound matrixes
As can be seen from table 3, the air permeability pore of the substrate CK is not significantly different from that of the substrate B, and the water binding capacity of the substrate B is significantly higher than that of the substrate CK, which is increased by about 29.5%; while the aeration porosity and water retention of the matrix BV are both significantly improved. As the proportion of the vinegar residue to the biomass charcoal is increased (BV1, BV2 and BV2), the ventilation pore space of the matrix is gradually increased, the water retention is gradually reduced, and the water-air ratio is obviously increased, which shows that the water retention of the matrix is obviously reduced by adding the vinegar residue in an excessive proportion.
TABLE 3 physical Properties of the matrices in different proportions
2. Influence of different biomass charcoal compound matrixes on crop growth
The effect of different biomass charcoal compounded substrates on pepper growth is shown in table 4. As can be seen from the table, the dry weight of the aerial parts and the dry weight of the roots of the peppers treated by the substrate B are significantly reduced by 30.5% and 33.0% compared with the substrate B by the substrate CK, which is probably because the biomass charcoal is more alkaline and is not suitable for the growth of crops. The dry weight of the overground part of the pepper treated by the substrate BV and the dry weight of the roots are obviously improved by 28.2 percent and 41.5 percent compared with CK, which shows that the vinegar residue biomass charcoal obviously promotes the growth of crops compared with peat, especially has obvious promotion effect on the growth of the root systems of the crops, and further shows that the vinegar residue biomass charcoal can completely replace peat. From the treatment of different proportions of the biomass charcoal and the dry vinegar residue, the ratio of the biomass charcoal to the dry vinegar residue is 5: the dry weight of the overground part of the pepper and the dry weight of the roots under the treatment of the substrate BV1 of 1 are obviously improved compared with other treatments, and the dry weight of the overground part of the pepper and the dry weight of the roots are gradually reduced along with the further improvement of the proportion of the vinegar residue in the substrate. The vinegar residue biomass charcoal (BV) is compounded with a certain amount of dry vinegar residue to prepare a matrix, so that the growth of crops can be further promoted, and the vinegar residue is mainly rich in nutritional ingredients required by plants, such as crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, calcium, phosphorus, and trace elements such as iron, zinc, selenium, manganese and the like. In addition, because the biomass charcoal particles are finer, the ventilation macropores are fewer, and the vinegar residue particles are larger, the ventilation of the biomass charcoal can be improved by adding a certain amount of vinegar residue, and the water-gas ratio of the substrate is properly adjusted to be more suitable for the growth of crops. However, if the proportion of the vinegar residue is too large, the promotion effect on the growth of crops can be obviously reduced.
TABLE 4 influence of different substrate ratios on the growth of roots, stems and leaves of young pepper seedlings
The influence of different biomass charcoal compound substrates on the growth of pepper root systems is shown in table 5. As can be seen from the table, matrix B significantly reduced root length, root thickness and root volume over matrix CK treated peppers, probably due to the strong alkalinity of the biomass char which affected crop growth. The root length, root thickness and root volume of the pepper added with the substrate BV are all higher than those of the pepper added with the substrate CK, which fully shows that the biomass charcoal has more remarkable effect of promoting the growth of the root system than peat. From the treatment of different mixture ratios of the biomass charcoal and the vinegar residue, the ratio of the biomass charcoal to the vinegar residue is 5: the root length, root thickness and root volume of the pepper processed by the substrate BV1 of 1 are obviously improved compared with other treatments, and the strong seedling index is gradually reduced along with the further improvement of the proportion of the vinegar residue in the substrate, which shows that the vinegar residue biomass charcoal compound substrate can further promote the growth of the root system. However, if the proportion of the dry vinegar residue is too large, the promotion effect on the root growth is obviously reduced.
TABLE 5 influence of different substrate ratios on the growth of the root system of pepper seedlings
3. Influence of different biomass charcoal compound matrixes on crop seedling strengthening index
The influence of different biomass charcoal compound matrixes on the seedling strengthening index of crops is shown in figure 2. It can be seen from the figure that the seedling index of the substrate B is obviously reduced compared with that of the strong seedlings treated by adding the substrate CK, which probably influences the growth of crops due to stronger alkalinity of the biomass charcoal. The seedling strengthening index of the crops treated by the BV matrix is not obviously different from that of the crops treated by the CK matrix, which indicates that peat is completely replaced by the biomass charcoal grams prepared by adding the vinegar residues. From the treatment of different mixture ratios of the biomass charcoal and the vinegar residue, the ratio of the biomass charcoal to the vinegar residue is 5: the seedling strengthening index under the treatment of the substrate BV1 of 1 is obviously improved compared with other treatments, and the seedling strengthening index is gradually reduced along with the further improvement of the proportion of the vinegar residue in the substrate, which shows that the vinegar residue biomass charcoal compound substrate can further promote the growth of crops. However, if the proportion of the vinegar residue is too large, the promotion effect on the growth of crops can be obviously reduced.
Examples 3,
The experimental method comprises the following steps: collecting agricultural wastes such as wheat straws, traditional Chinese medicine residues, wood chips and pig manure as biomass wastes, respectively air-drying or airing the vinegar residue and the biomass wastes at room temperature to reduce the water content of the vinegar residue and the biomass wastes to below 20%, and respectively carrying out anaerobic thermal cracking on the wheat straws, the traditional Chinese medicine residues, the wood chips and the pig manure in a carbonization furnace at 450 ℃ to prepare the vinegar residue biomass charcoal. Meanwhile, mixing the dry vinegar residue with dry biomass (20% of water content) such as wheat straw, traditional Chinese medicine residues, wood chips, pig manure and the like in a proportion of 1: 4, and performing anaerobic thermal cracking on the mixed biomass in a carbonization furnace at 450 ℃ respectively to prepare the vinegar residue biomass charcoal. The substrate CK added with peat and the substrates added with wheat straw charcoal (BW), traditional Chinese medicine residue charcoal (BM), wood chip charcoal (BS) and pig manure charcoal (BP) are used as comparison, the wheat straw vinegar residue biomass charcoal substrate (BWV), traditional Chinese medicine residue vinegar residue charcoal (BMV), wood chip vinegar residue charcoal (BSV) and pig manure vinegar residue charcoal (BPV) substrates prepared by mixing vinegar residue and biomass raw materials are used as experimental objects, and the specific proportion is shown in table 2. The cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is Yuelong I, and is prepared by soaking cucumber seeds in warm water of 50-55 deg.C, germinating in 30 deg.C incubator in dark condition, exposing to white, and sowing. The seeding container selects a hole tray with 72 holes, the substrates processed in different ways are evenly loaded into the hole tray, the seeds with consistent uniformity are selected for seeding, each processing and contrast are repeated for 3 times, and the seeds are randomly arranged in blocks. And irrigating clear water before nine am every day, not supplementing nutrient solution in the period, and sampling 75 days later to determine overground and underground growth indexes of the cucumber seedlings.
Table 6 volume ratio of base material (%)
The effect of biomass charcoal matrix prepared after mixing different biomasses with vinegar residue on the growth of cucumber seedlings is shown in table 7. As can be seen from the table, compared with the substrate prepared from peat, the biomass of the overground part of cucumber and the biomass of the root system grown by the substrate prepared from the biomass charcoal prepared from wheat straws, the Chinese medicine residue charcoal, the wood chip charcoal and the pig manure are both obviously reduced by 43.7 percent and 38.5 percent respectively, which shows that the biomass charcoal without vinegar residue completely replaces peat as the substrate and has obvious inhibiting effect on the growth of crops. The growth of the cucumber is obviously improved compared with the growth of the biomass charcoal without the vinegar residue, and the biomass and root system biomass of the overground part are improved by 53 percent and 56.8 percent by using the substrate prepared by the vinegar residue biomass charcoal prepared by mixing the test biomass and the vinegar residue. Compared with the substrate prepared from peat, the substrate prepared from the vinegar residue biomass charcoal has the advantages that the biomass of the overground part of the cucumber and the biomass of the root system are obviously improved, and the improvement ranges are 32% and 39.78% respectively. Therefore, the vinegar residue biomass charcoal can not only completely replace peat matrix, but also promote the growth of crops more obviously than peat, and therefore, the vinegar residue biomass charcoal is an ideal peat substitute.
TABLE 7 influence of different substrate ratios on the growth of roots, stems and leaves of cucumber seedlings
Claims (8)
1. The vinegar residue biomass charcoal compound matrix is characterized by comprising the following substances in percentage by volume: 30-60% of vinegar residue biomass charcoal, 10-30% of dry vinegar residue, and the balance vermiculite perlite; wherein the dry biomass waste for preparing the vinegar residue biomass charcoal and the dry vinegar residue are mixed according to the volume ratio of 2-6: 1, and the carbonization condition is that the mixture is carbonized for 2-4 hours at the temperature of 350-500 ℃ under the anaerobic condition; the particle size of the vinegar residue biomass charcoal is 1-5mm, and the pH value is 5.5-7.
2. The vinegar residue biomass charcoal compound matrix as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water content of the dry vinegar residue is less than 20% by mass; the water content of the dry biomass waste is below 20% by mass.
3. The vinegar residue biomass charcoal is characterized by being prepared by mixing and carbonizing dry biomass waste and dry vinegar residue; the dry biomass waste for preparing the vinegar residue biomass charcoal and the dry vinegar residue are mixed according to the volume ratio of 2-6: 1, and the carbonization condition is that the mixture is carbonized for 2-4 hours at the temperature of 350-500 ℃ under the anaerobic condition.
4. The vinegar residue biomass char according to claim 3, wherein the oxygen-free condition is a nitrogen condition.
5. The vinegar residue biomass charcoal according to claim 3, wherein the vinegar residue biomass charcoal has a particle size of 1 to 5mm and a pH of 5.5 to 7.
6. The vinegar residue biomass charcoal according to any one of claims 4 to 5, wherein the dry biomass waste is one or more of all crop straws, branches, wood chips, traditional Chinese medicine residues or livestock and poultry excrement.
7. The vinegar residue biomass charcoal according to any one of claims 4 to 5, wherein the preparation comprises the following specific steps:
(1) independently airing and air-drying the vinegar residue and the biomass waste to prepare dry vinegar residue and dry biomass waste with the water content of less than 20 percent by mass;
(2) mixing the dry biomass waste obtained in the step (1) with the dry vinegar residue according to the volume ratio of 2-6: 1, carbonizing at the temperature of 350-500 ℃ under an anaerobic condition, cooling, grinding and sieving to obtain the vinegar residue biomass charcoal.
8. The vinegar residue biomass charcoal according to claim 7, wherein in the step (2), the anaerobic condition is a nitrogen condition, the carbonization time is 2-4 hours, and the mesh number of the sieve is 1-5 mm.
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