CN112142536A - Artificial forest land soil acidity improvement and soil fertility recovery material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Artificial forest land soil acidity improvement and soil fertility recovery material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112142536A CN112142536A CN202011063297.8A CN202011063297A CN112142536A CN 112142536 A CN112142536 A CN 112142536A CN 202011063297 A CN202011063297 A CN 202011063297A CN 112142536 A CN112142536 A CN 112142536A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/05—Treatments involving invertebrates, e.g. worms, flies or maggots
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to a soil acidity improvement and soil fertility recovery material for artificial forest lands and a preparation method thereof. Wherein the biomass charcoal is prepared by subjecting rice straw to anaerobic pyrolysis at 400 deg.C for 4 hr, cooling, and sieving with 2mm sieve; the earthworm dung organic material is prepared by mixing cow dung and rice straws at a ratio of 8:2, naturally fermenting for 20 days under the condition that the water content is 50-60%, and then adding earthworms according to 25% of the weight ratio of the materials for cultivation, wherein the earthworm cultivation condition is 20-30 ℃, and the cultivation substrate humidity is 60-70%. After the culture substrate is almost consumed, the earthworms are screened out, and the rest materials are earthworm dung organic materials. According to the invention, the soil acidity improvement capability of the biomass charcoal and the soil fertility supply capability of the earthworm cast organic material are fully utilized, the resource utilization of the rice straws is realized while the soil acidity and soil fertility of the artificial forest are improved, and the unification of the economic benefit and the environmental benefit in the soil environment improvement process is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of artificial forest land soil acidity improvement and soil fertility restoration, and relates to an artificial forest land soil acidity improvement and soil fertility restoration material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The artificial forest is used for fast forest production under the action of human intervention, and in the processes of young forest nurturing and adult forest felling, nutrient balance of a soil ecosystem is unbalanced, so that the soil productivity is reduced, and the sustainability of subsequent forest production is influenced. The fast growth of the artificial forest carries out predation absorption on soil nutrients, the barren tendency of the soil nutrients is very obvious under the management condition of lacking effective fertilizer application, the soil acidification tendency is gradually serious after a large amount of basic ions are lost, particularly in southern hilly red soil areas, the soil acidification and the land fertility barren become one of the important factors limiting the construction of southern hilly green-water green mountains, and the sustainability of forest land production is limited.
The biomass charcoal is a solid product obtained by pyrolyzing crop straws, wood chips and other biomass materials under the anoxic or anaerobic condition, has porosity, large surface area, large adsorption force and cation exchange capacity, and has the properties of changing the physical and chemical properties of soil, preserving water and fertilizer, improving the pH value of the soil and the like due to the characteristics. The biomass charcoal contains a certain amount of mineral nutrients, can improve the supply of the mineral nutrients of the barren soil, and is beneficial to the circulation of the soil nutrients and the growth of plants; in addition, the product has high biological stability and strong capability of resisting microbial decomposition. The annual output of the straws in China is large, and part of the straws are burnt or discarded manually, so that resource loss and regional environmental problems are caused. Therefore, the biomass charcoal prepared by the straws is used for soil acidity improvement and soil fertility recovery, and has good ecological environmental benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an artificial forest land soil acidity improvement and soil fertility recovery material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the material can quickly recover and improve soil pH and recover soil fertility after the artificial forest planting process or harvesting, and meets the requirements of other soil fertility and physical environment for growth.
In order to realize the purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted:
an artificial forest land soil acidity improvement and soil fertility recovery material contains biomass charcoal and earthworm cast organic materials. The mass ratio of the biomass charcoal to the earthworm cast organic material is 1: 5.
A preparation method of a material for improving soil acidity and recovering soil fertility of artificial forest lands comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting the rice straws to 3-5cm, airing, putting the rice straws in an anaerobic furnace at 400 ℃ for high-temperature pyrolysis for 4 hours, cooling, and sieving by a sieve of 2mm to obtain biomass charcoal;
(2) after cow dung and rice straw crushed particles are mixed, naturally fermenting for 20 days under a shed frame according to the weight proportion of a strip compost, adding earthworms according to 25% of the weight proportion of the materials for cultivation, and screening the earthworms after the cultivation is finished to obtain an earthworm dung organic material;
(3) the biomass charcoal and the earthworm dung organic material are mixed according to the ratio of 1:5 to obtain a recovery material, and the recovery material is applied according to the amount of 2-3 tons per mu.
The rice straw in the step (1) is the straw obtained after rice harvesting and threshing.
In the step (2), cow dung and rice straws are mixed according to the mass ratio of 8:2, and the water content in the natural fermentation process is controlled to be 50-60%; turning over once every 5 days, wherein the crushed grain diameter of the rice straw is 2-3 mm.
The step (20 earthworm breeding condition is a room temperature condition of 20-30 ℃, the breeding substrate humidity is controlled at 60-70%, and the breeding is considered to be finished after the materials are completely consumed.
And (3) mixing the biomass charcoal and the earthworm dung organic material for 5min by a vertical dry powder stirrer with dry matter proportion of 70 r/min.
The mixed material in the step (3) is applied according to 2-3 tons per mu, and the mixed material needs to be fully mixed with plough layer soil in the application process.
Wherein the rice straws come from straws harvested in a common rice field, the straws are cut to ensure the high-temperature carbonization efficiency, the straws are aired to reduce the influence of the moisture content of the straws on the temperature of the anaerobic furnace, and 0.1mL/min of nitrogen is used to ensure the anaerobic condition in the high-temperature pyrolysis process.
The invention relates to a soil acidity improvement and soil fertility recovery material for artificial forest lands and a preparation method thereof, which fully considers the phenomena of soil acidification, fertility exhaustion and the like of the artificial forest lands, realizes the improvement of the soil environment quality through the characteristics of water retention and fertilizer retention capacity and acidity improvement of biomass charcoal and the fertility supply of earthworm excrement organic materials, overcomes the adverse factors of soil fertility exhaustion, acidity reduction and the like in the artificial forest planting process of red soil in southern hills, and realizes the rapid recovery of the soil productivity. Meanwhile, the preparation of biomass charcoal and earthworm cast organic materials fully utilizes rice straws, realizes the characteristic of waste recycling, and shows better environmental benefit. The soil fertility recovery material has the following advantages:
1) the soil acidification problem of the artificial forest is quickly relieved, and the adverse effect of the soil acidification on the surrounding environment and the subsequent crop growth is reduced;
2) the biomass charcoal is matched with the earthworm cast organic material to be used as soil nutrient supply, so that the soil fertility consumption degree is effectively relieved, and the physical environment of soil deterioration is improved;
3) provides a way for the resource utilization of the rice straws and realizes high-efficiency environmental benefits;
4) the materials required by the method, such as livestock and poultry manure and rice straw, are simple and easily-obtained materials, and are beneficial to production and popularization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of different proportions of materials on the pH of soil in an artificial forest land.
FIG. 2 shows the effect of different proportions of materials on the fast-acting nitrogen of the soil in the artificial forest land.
FIG. 3 shows the effect of different proportions of materials on the fast-acting phosphorus in the soil of the artificial forest land.
FIG. 4 shows the effect of different proportions of materials on the rapid-acting potassium in soil of artificial forest land.
FIG. 5 is a graph of the effect of different proportions of material on the growth of alfalfa grass.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1:
preparing an earthworm dung material: crushing the rice straws into 2-3mm, uniformly mixing the rice straws with cow dung according to the mass ratio of 2:8, adjusting the water content to 60%, and naturally fermenting the rice straws in a strip shape under a shed frame for 20 days, wherein the rice straws are turned over once every 5 days to obtain the earthworm culture substrate. Adding earthworm according to 25% (weight ratio) of the material, culturing at 25 deg.C, and controlling culture substrate humidity at 65%. After the culture substrate is completely consumed, the earthworms are screened out, and the rest materials are earthworm dung organic materials.
Preparing biomass charcoal: cutting rice straws to 3-5cm, airing, placing in an anaerobic high-temperature environment at 400 ℃ for carbonizing for 4 hours, and cooling through a 2mm sieve to obtain biomass charcoal;
mixing the biomass charcoal and the wormcast organic material in a vertical dry powder mixer at 70r/min for 5min to serve as a material for improving soil acidity and recovering soil fertility of the artificial forest land. Wherein biomass charcoal and wormcast are respectively provided with 1: 5. 1: a ratio of 1.
Example 2
The experimental procedure was as follows:
(1) selecting test soil: the soil is collected from the harvested artificial forest of Quanzhou, is acid red soil and has the pH value of 5.11 +/-0.05; quick-acting nitrogen is 4.05 plus or minus 0.33 mg/kg, quick-acting phosphorus is 4.39 plus or minus 0.59 mg/kg, quick-acting potassium is 5.86 plus or minus 0.98 mg/kg, and the content of sticky particles is 37.7 plus or minus 0.17 (%).
(2) The test plants: alfalfa grass seed
(3) Experiment design: sieving the air-dried soil by a 10-mesh sieve, weighing 10.00kg of soil, and mixing the soil fertility recovery material with the earthworm cast organic material in a ratio of 1:5 to 1:1, wherein the application amount is 5% of the mass of the original soil; applying a soil fertility recovery material; soil without any added material was used as a control group, and 5 replicates were set for each group.
(3) The experimental steps are as follows: selecting healthy alfalfa seeds, and soaking in water at 50 deg.C for 30 min. After soaking in warm water, the seeds are placed in a tray paved with non-woven fabrics, water is uniformly sprayed on the seeds by using a watering can, the seeds are wrapped by preservative films and placed in a constant temperature and humidity box with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the humidity of 80 percent for culturing for 58 hours, and then the seeds with equal bud length (the bud length is about 2 mm) and consistent thickness are selected for sowing. The soil to be tested is thoroughly watered with water, then the surface layer of the soil is turned over by a small iron harrow, the selected seeds are uniformly scattered in the soil, the soil is harrowed flat and properly pressed, so that the seeds are tightly contacted with the soil, the number of the seeds sowed in each pot plant is 15-20, and the sowing depth is 1-2 cm. During the growth period of the alfalfa, proper amount of water is added according to the dry and wet degree of soil, the weed is removed in time, the soil is loosened, and meanwhile, the growth vigor of the alfalfa is observed. Alfalfa is a water-loving plant, but is not waterlogging tolerant, and when its leaves become deep, it indicates lack of water, and it should be irrigated in time.
(4) As a result: compared with a control group, after the soil is improved by the method, the pH value of the soil is obviously increased (shown in figure 1), the pH value of the soil is obviously increased due to the increase of the application amount of the biomass charcoal, and the pH value increasing capability of the biomass charcoal is shown. Compared with the contrast, the soil fertility of the soil such as the quick-acting nitrogen, the quick-acting phosphorus, the quick-acting potassium and the like is obviously improved by the method, but the synergistic effect of the quick-acting nitrogen is slightly reduced along with the absorption of the growth of crops; the proportion of the biomass charcoal is increased, and the content of the quick-acting potassium in the soil is obviously improved, which is shown in attached figures 2-4. From the growing effect of the alfalfa, after the improvement is carried out by the method, the soil which is originally seriously acidified and poor in soil fertility is effectively restored, the normal growth requirement of crops can be met, but the excessive application proportion of the biomass charcoal inhibits the normal growth of the crops and is related to the properties of the selected biomass charcoal, so that the method finally determines that the proportion of the biomass charcoal and the earthworm dung organic material is 1:5, the application amount of the soil is controlled to be 2-3 tons per mu, the soil acidity can be effectively improved, the land productivity can be restored, the adverse effect caused by the excessive biomass charcoal can be avoided, and the requirement of economic benefit can be compounded.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The material for improving soil acidity and recovering soil fertility of the artificial forest land is characterized in that: the material contains biomass charcoal and earthworm cast organic materials.
2. The artificial forest land soil acid improvement and soil fertility recovery material according to claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the biomass charcoal to the earthworm cast organic material is 1: 5.
3. The method for preparing the material for improving soil acidity and recovering soil fertility of the artificial forest land as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting the rice straws to 3-5cm, airing, putting the rice straws in an anaerobic furnace at 400 ℃ for high-temperature pyrolysis for 4 hours, cooling, and sieving by a sieve of 2mm to obtain biomass charcoal;
(2) after cow dung and rice straw crushed particles are mixed, naturally fermenting for 20 days under a shed frame according to the weight proportion of a strip compost, adding earthworms according to 25% of the weight proportion of the materials for cultivation, and screening the earthworms after the cultivation is finished to obtain an earthworm dung organic material;
(3) the biomass charcoal and the earthworm dung organic material are mixed according to the ratio of 1:5 to obtain a recovery material, and the recovery material is applied according to the amount of 2-3 tons per mu.
4. The method for preparing the material for improving soil acidity and recovering soil fertility of the artificial forest land according to claim 3, wherein the rice straw in the step (1) is straw obtained by harvesting and threshing rice.
5. The method for preparing the material for improving soil acidity and recovering soil fertility of the artificial forest land according to claim 3, wherein in the step (2), the cow dung and the rice straw are mixed in a mass ratio of 8:2, and the water content in the natural fermentation process is controlled to be 50-60%; turning over once every 5 days, wherein the crushed grain diameter of the rice straw is 2-3 mm.
6. The method for preparing the material for improving soil acidity and recovering soil fertility of artificial forest land according to claim 1, wherein the step (20 earthworm cultivation condition is room temperature condition of 20-30 ℃, cultivation substrate humidity is controlled at 60-70%, and cultivation is considered to be finished after the material is completely consumed.
7. The method for preparing material for improving soil acidity and recovering soil fertility of artificial forest land as claimed in claim 3, wherein the biomass charcoal and the organic material of earthworm cast in step (3) are mixed for 5min by a vertical dry powder mixer with dry substance ratio of 70 r/min.
8. The method for preparing the artificial forest land acidic soil improving and land fertility recovering material according to the claim 1, wherein the mixed material of the step (3) is applied at 2-3 tons per mu, and the application process needs to be fully mixed with plough layer soil.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN113603534A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-11-05 | 黑龙江奥创生物科技发展有限公司 | Preparation method of wormcast fertilizer |
| CN116589321A (en) * | 2023-07-12 | 2023-08-15 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Effervescent fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof |
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