CN110627574A - Biochar organic compound soil curing modifier and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Biochar organic compound soil curing modifier and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110627574A CN110627574A CN201810632480.1A CN201810632480A CN110627574A CN 110627574 A CN110627574 A CN 110627574A CN 201810632480 A CN201810632480 A CN 201810632480A CN 110627574 A CN110627574 A CN 110627574A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil curing and improving method for treating new land in loess hilly area channels based on biochar and fermented fertilizer application, which mainly promotes soil curing by applying a certain proportion of biochar and fermented fertilizer to the soil. Because the trench land reclamation is realized by excavating and burying the soil on the side slope at the upper part of the trench into the trench, the soil at the upper part of the trench has poor structure, is relatively barren and lacks effective nutrient elements, and organic matters and NO of the soil can be increased after the biochar and the fermented fertilizer are compounded3 ‑‑N、NH4 +The contents of N, total nitrogen and quick-acting phosphorus are increased, so that the soil structure is improved, the soil fertility is improved, the newly built soil is improved, the growth and development of crops are promoted, the stress resistance is improved, and the agricultural production is more sustainable while the yield is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a biochar organic compound soil curing improver as well as a preparation method and application thereof, in particular to a soil curing method for renovating new farmland based on loess hilly area channels formed by biochar and waste organic resource fermented fertilizer, belonging to the technical field of water and soil conservation and high-efficiency agriculture and belonging to the technical field of biochar improved soil.
Background
In order to consolidate the return-to-forest and straw-returning engineering results and alleviate the problems of land shortage and the like, a trench renovation land-making engineering is implemented in the loess hilly gully region from 2011, the side slope soil at the upper part of the trench is dug properly, the excavated soil is filled to the bottom of the trench, and one gully is changed into the land convenient for farmers to cultivate. Due to the characteristics of insufficient soil fertility of side slopes, poor soil structure and the like, the productivity of newly built soil is low, the realization of engineering targets is restricted, the soil needs to be cured and managed urgently, the soil structure is improved, the soil fertility is improved, water, fertilizer, gas and heat conditions beneficial to the growth of crops are created, and the soil productivity is improved.
The biochar improvement technology has a remarkable effect on soil curing, but the application of the biochar improvement technology in the aspect of renovating a new land in the channels of the gully regions of loess hills is rarely reported. The effect of biochar application on the improvement of soil quality and crop yield in newly-built arable land is not clear. The biochar is different from common charcoal, is a solid product generated by carbonizing wood, grass, crop straw or other crop wastes through pyrolysis in a low-oxygen or anoxic environment, is a porous substance with rich carbon content, has the characteristics of small volume weight, large specific surface area, strong adsorbability, good stability and the like, and is generally alkaline. The biochar applied to the soil can increase the content of organic carbon and effective nutrient elements in the soil, improve the soil fertility, change the physical, chemical and microbial characteristics of the soil, improve the soil environment, improve the agricultural productivity and reduce the requirement of crop growth on carbon-dense fertilizers; and the hole structure of the charcoal crushed aggregates nutrients and beneficial microorganisms very easily, can promote the release of soil nutrients and the maintenance of nutrients (the storage of fertilizers), is beneficial to the growth of crops, and improves the agricultural sustainability while realizing high yield. However, since biochar belongs to a substance which is difficult to degrade, the degradation rate of biochar in soil is slow, the nutrient requirement of plant growth cannot be met quickly, and biochar is alkaline, and when biochar is applied to calcareous soil, the pH value of soil is increased further, so that the soil improvement effect is reduced.
The organic fermented fertilizer is prepared by taking waste organic resources as a base material and performing microbial fermentation composting, and after a large amount of organic waste resources are subjected to composting fermentation, the components of the organic fermented fertilizer contain a large amount of organic acids and peptides with rich varieties and rich nutrient elements including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, so that the organic fermented fertilizer not only can provide comprehensive nutrition for crops, but also can quickly cultivate soil fertility, increase and update soil organic matters, supply microbial nutrients and promote microbial propagation; the fertilizer has the advantages of improving the physical and chemical properties and biological activity of soil, reducing the dosage of the fertilizer, inhibiting soil hardening, exciting soil activity, reconstructing healthy soil, improving the capability of crops for resisting plant diseases and insect pests, promoting plant growth and development, improving stress resistance, having obvious yield increase effect and being a main nutrient source for green food production. By applying the organic fermentation fertilizer, the utilization of waste organic resources is increased, and the energy conservation and emission reduction in the agricultural field are realized. However, the organic fermented fertilizer has a fast degradation rate in soil, and is still insufficient for cultivating cured soil, the contained available nutrients are easy to run off along with runoff, the soil is cured, and the increase of organic matters requires a long time, so that the aim of fast improving the cured soil cannot be achieved if the nutrients in the organic fertilizer cannot be well retained in the soil.
Therefore, the invention provides a method for quickly improving and curing the barren soil by compounding the biochar and the organic fermented fertilizer and fully utilizing the advantages of the biochar and the organic fermented fertilizer.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: the invention provides a biochar organic compound soil curing improver and a preparation method and application thereof, which aim to accelerate curing of barren soil, quickly improve soil fertility of newly built land after implementation of a channel-renovation land-building project and accelerate agricultural production and vegetation restoration processes in hilly areas of loess plateaus.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the biochar organic compound soil curing improver is characterized by comprising 1-10 parts of biochar and 10-1 parts of waste organic resource fermented fertilizer.
The biochar organic compound soil curing modifier is characterized in that the preparation temperature of the biochar is 300-700 ℃.
The biochar organic compound soil curing improver is characterized in that the biochar and the waste organic resource fermented fertilizer can be made of one or more than two of crop straws, sawdust, fruit branches, sludge, animal manure, biogas residues, kitchen garbage and mushroom residues.
A preparation method of a biochar organic compound soil curing improver mainly comprises the following steps:
dividing the waste organic resources which exist in large quantities in the local area into two parts;
the first part is prepared into the biological carbon with long porous degradation time through oxygen-limited pyrolysis;
the second part is prepared into a waste organic resource fermented fertilizer rich in microorganisms and humic acid through fermented composting;
and (3) mixing the biochar obtained by the first part with the fermented fertilizer obtained by the second part, drying, granulating and packaging to obtain the biochar organic compound soil curing modifier.
The preparation method of the biochar organic compound soil curing improver is characterized in that the preparation of the waste organic resource fermented fertilizer comprises the following steps:
fully drying the waste organic resources, and preferably crushing the waste organic resources to about 5 meshes;
then mixing the crushed materials with water and compost fermentation strains according to the mass ratio of 1000: (400-600): 1, mixing again, adding a proper amount of local soil as a binder, supplementing a proper amount of nitrogen source according to the type of the waste organic resource, and fermenting at normal temperature for one month in 5-8 months in summer to obtain the waste organic resource fermented fertilizer.
The method for rapidly curing and improving the soil of the barren soil is characterized in that the biochar organic compound soil curing and improving agent is applied to the barren soil with low fertility and low organic matter content.
A method for rapidly curing and improving soil for renovating new land for loess hilly area channels is mainly and technically characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting loess hilly area channels which are not subjected to soil curing to renovate new soil;
the biochar organic compound soil curing improver is 250kg/hm2The additive amount of the fertilizer is uniformly spread on the surface of loess, ploughed and rotary tilled, so that the fertilizer and the plough layer soil are uniformly mixed;
the crop is then planted, cultivated, soil is improved and cured.
The compost fermentation strain is selected from commercial compost fermentation special strains.
According to the soil rapid curing improvement method, the biochar organic compound soil curing improver can be applied to the soil according to the actual requirement of the soil, and meanwhile, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, trace element fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer can also be applied.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
for a long time, the low soil fertility and the poor soil structure are important factors for restricting the development of agricultural production. The loess plateau area in China is limited by natural geographical conditions, the primary productivity of land is low, the organic matter content is low, and the production of crops, the local water and soil conservation and the forest and grass industry are restricted to a certain extent. In field investigation, the weathered loess layer with low curing degree and the red ancient soil layer with high curing degree can be found, the two soils have obviously different properties, particularly in the period of large land warming-up in spring, the red ancient soil layer with high curing degree can quickly sprout considerable shrub and grass vegetation, the response of the loess layer is lagged, and the property difference of the soils with different curing degrees in nature is displayed. One of the key factors in the differences in the performance of two soils is the large difference in organic matter content between the two soils.
The loess plateau has a lot of gullies, is suitable for building site selection, has little agricultural cultivation land, and is mostly concentrated on a narrow Sichuan land and a part of a wider loess plateau. Therefore, in recent years, with the development of the industrial and agricultural level in loess plateau hilly areas, the human mole shield is increasingly prominent, so that in order to solve the problem of shortage of regional land resources, local governments and people start to perform a large-scale 'ditch-control land-making' project, and through a large number of project measures, land leveling is performed, so that the natural landscape of gully forests in partial areas is improved, and a new space is developed for the life development of local people. However, in the new land-building engineering, the reconstructed soil body generally has the problems of low fertility, low soil agricultural ecological function, low crop yield and low vegetation recovery speed.
The applicant finds that after the new land building engineering is carried out, the compound mixing curing modifier for the biochar and the organic fertilizer is applied to a soil plough layer, the content of organic matters in the soil can be greatly improved in a short period, long-time fixation of nutrients can be realized, the curing period of the loess soil is greatly shortened, the application amount of the fertilizer is reduced, the tiltability of the soil is improved due to the increase of the organic matters, and quick-acting nutrients such as NO in the soil are available3 --N、NH4 +The contents of-N, total nitrogen and available phosphorus are increased, and the biochar can be maintained in the soil for a longer time due to the adsorption and slow release effects of the biochar, so that the nutrient supply capacity of the soil to plant growth is improved. The biochar and the acidic organic fermentation fertilizer are mixed for use, so that the problem that the pH value of the calcareous soil is increased due to the alkalinity of the biochar is greatly reduced, the side effect of the biochar applied to the alkaline soil is reduced, the soil structure is improved, the growth and development of new-built crops and vegetation are promoted, and the stress resistance is improved. The biochar and the organic fermented fertilizer are both prepared by adopting local waste organic resources, such as straws, fruit tree branches, biogas residues and the like, so that the material cost is greatly reduced, a new path is provided for the treatment of the local waste organic resources, the environmental pollution caused by the incineration of the waste organic resources is reduced, the cyclic utilization of the waste organic resources is realized, the agricultural yield is increased,the method has the advantages of enabling the local agricultural production to be more sustainable, and providing a new idea for accelerating the ecological vegetation restoration process of the loess plateau.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
A biochar organic compound soil curing improver comprises 1 part of biochar and 10 parts of waste organic resource fermented fertilizer, wherein biochar manufacturing raw materials are selected from straws, the manufacturing temperature is 300 ℃, the waste organic resource fermented fertilizer is made of the straws, chicken manure is mixed according to the ratio of 2:1, the mixture is fully dried and then crushed to about 5 meshes, and then the crushed materials, water and compost fermented strains are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1000: 400: 1, mixing again, adding a proper amount of local soil as a binder, supplementing a proper amount of nitrogen source according to the type of the waste organic resource, and fermenting at normal temperature for one month in 5-8 months in summer to obtain the waste organic resource fermented fertilizer.
Example 2
A biochar organic compound soil curing improver comprises 5 parts of biochar and 5 parts of waste organic resource fermented fertilizer, wherein biochar manufacturing raw materials are selected from trimmed waste fruit branches, the manufacturing temperature is 600 ℃, the waste organic resource fermented fertilizer adopts waste fruit branches, pig manure, straws and fungus residues, the waste fruit branches, the pig manure, the straws and the fungus residues are mixed according to a ratio of 2:1:1:1, the mixture is fully dried and crushed to about 5 meshes, and then the crushed material, water and compost fermented strains are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1000: 600: 1, mixing again, adding a proper amount of local soil as a binder, and fermenting at normal temperature for one month in 5-8 months in summer to obtain the waste organic resource fermented fertilizer.
Example 3
A biochar organic compound soil curing improver comprises 10 parts of biochar and 1 part of waste organic resource fermented fertilizer, wherein biochar manufacturing raw materials are selected from excrement, biogas residues and straws, the manufacturing temperature is 700 ℃, the waste organic resource fermented fertilizer adopts straws, excrement, sludge and fungus residues which are mixed according to the ratio of 1:1:1:1, the mixture is fully dried and then crushed to about 5 meshes, and then the crushed materials, water and compost fermented strains are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1000: 500: 1, mixing again, adding a proper amount of local soil as a binder, and fermenting at normal temperature for one month in 5-8 months in summer to obtain the waste organic resource fermented fertilizer.
The technical effects of the invention are specifically explained in combination with the pot experiment as follows:
comparative tests (raw soil + corn, biochar + raw soil + corn, organic fermented fertilizer + biological + corn, biochar + organic fermented fertilizer (example 2) + raw soil + corn, 6 parts of raw soil sample with uniform soil quality and consistent soil condition are taken from newly constructed land renovated by loess hilly area trenches, A, B, C, D four groups of treatments (A raw soil + corn, B biochar + raw soil + corn, C organic fermented fertilizer + raw soil + corn, D biochar + organic fermented fertilizer (example 2) + raw soil + corn) are set, each group is three times, wherein A, B, C groups are control groups, group D is test group, example 2 is adopted, the weight of soil sample in each pot is 20kg, the addition amount of each treatment modifier is 1% of the mass of soil sample, namely 0.2kg, biochar and organic fermented fertilizer in each treatment are both made of the same material, 9 corn seeds are planted in each pot, 3 plants were planted after emergence.
Determination of organic matter and NO of initial soil sample3 --N、NH4 +-N, total nitrogen content; and samples were taken at 30d, 60d and 90d of incubation, respectively. When soil is sampled, soil samples (0-20 cm) are sampled in a plum blossom shape in each pot of soil, one soil sample is sampled by a quartering method after mixing, the wet weight of each sampling is about 200 g, one half of the samples are sealed and placed in a refrigerator at 4 ℃, the rest samples are naturally dried, grass and foreign matters are picked out, ground and sieved. Measuring organic matter and NO in each group of soil3-N、NH4And (4) measuring the yield of the corn kernels and the weight of the residual dry matter on the ground after the corns are matured. As shown in table 1.
It is obvious from the experimental results that, compared with the raw soil and corn treatment, after the biochar and the waste organic resource fermentation fertilizer are applied, the organic matter and NO in the newly-built soil are added3 --N、NH4 +The contents of N, total nitrogen and quick-acting phosphorus are obviously increased; and applying biochar and organic resource fermentation treatment to the cornThe yield and biomass also have obvious increasing effect. But in NO3 --N、NH4 +In the N aspect, the treatment of the biochar and the fermented fertilizer is smaller than that of a single waste organic resource fermented fertilizer, so that the biochar and the waste organic resource fermented fertilizer have obvious synergistic effect after being added into soil; NO in soil relative to a single biochar treatment3 --N、NH4 +N, the total nitrogen content is obviously increased; but NO in the soil relative to the treatment of organic fermented fertilizers3 --N、NH4 +N is obviously reduced and is relatively stable along with the change of time, which shows that the biochar has an adsorption effect on the available nutrients in the soil and can well regulate and control the supply level of the available nutrients in the soil. From the change of pH, the single addition of the biochar can increase the pH of the soil, and the fermented fertilizer contains a large amount of organic acid and humic acid substances, so that the pH of alkaline soil can be reduced after the fermented fertilizer is applied to the soil; after the biochar is applied, the biochar can be adsorbed with a fermented fertilizer with humic acid as a main component due to the alkaline action of the biochar, the strength of free acid is reduced, the harm of high soil pH to the growth of crops caused by single application of the biochar is greatly reduced, and a good synergistic effect is achieved. Therefore, the biochar and the waste organic resource fermented fertilizer are combined for use, so that a relatively ideal technical effect is achieved on the soil regulation effect, the nutrient utilization efficiency is increased, the defect of applying single biochar is overcome, and more favorable conditions are provided for the growth of plants in the soil.
The embodiments described herein are merely exemplary for the purpose of illustrating the spirit of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, and all technical equivalents and equivalents that may be obtained are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The biochar organic compound soil curing improver is characterized by comprising 1-10 parts of biochar and 10-1 parts of waste organic resource fermented fertilizer.
2. The biochar organic compound soil curing improver as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biochar preparation temperature is 300-700 ℃.
3. The method for preparing a biochar organic compound soil curing improver as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the biochar and the waste organic resource fermented fertilizer are prepared from one or more than two of crop straws, sawdust, fruit branches, sludge, animal wastes, biogas residues, kitchen wastes and mushroom residues.
4. A method for preparing a biochar organic compound soil curing improver as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3, which mainly comprises the following steps:
1) dividing the waste organic resources which exist in large quantities in the local area into two parts;
2) the first part is prepared into the biological carbon with long porous degradation time through oxygen-limited pyrolysis;
3) the second part is prepared into a waste organic resource fermented fertilizer rich in microorganisms and humic acid through fermented composting;
4) and (3) mixing the biochar obtained by the first part with the fermented fertilizer obtained by the second part, drying, granulating and packaging to obtain the biochar organic compound soil curing modifier.
5. The preparation method of the biochar organic compound soil curing improver as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preparation of the waste organic resource fermented fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1) fully drying the waste organic resources, and preferably crushing the waste organic resources to about 5 meshes;
2) then mixing the crushed materials with water and compost fermentation strains according to the mass ratio of 1000: (400-600): 1, mixing again, adding a proper amount of local soil as a binder, supplementing a proper amount of nitrogen source according to the type of the waste organic resource, and fermenting at normal temperature for one month in 5-8 months in summer to obtain the waste organic resource fermented fertilizer.
6. A method for rapidly maturing and improving soil of barren soil, which is characterized in that the biochar organic compound soil maturing and improving agent as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 is applied to the barren soil with low fertility and low organic matter content.
7. A method for rapidly curing and improving soil for renovating new land for loess hilly area channels is technically characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
1) selecting loess hilly area channels which are not subjected to soil curing to renovate new soil;
2) the biochar organic compound soil curing improver as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3 is added according to the proportion of 250kg/hm2The additive amount of the fertilizer is uniformly scattered on the surface of loess, and the fertilizer is ploughed and then is subjected to rotary tillage, and is fully mixed with plough layer soil;
3) then planting crops, cultivating and curing soil.
8. The method for rapidly curing and improving soil according to claim 6 or 7, which further comprises applying one or more of a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer, a trace element fertilizer and a microbial fertilizer to the soil while applying the biochar-organic compound soil curing and improving agent to the soil.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112166731A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2021-01-05 | 杭州植物园(杭州西湖园林科学研究院) | Method for improving physical and chemical properties of soil |
| WO2021169152A1 (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2021-09-02 | 浙江科技学院 | Method for preparing carbon-based fertilizer using perishable waste as raw material, and application |
| CN113349016A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-09-07 | 国家能源集团乌海能源有限责任公司 | Soilless vegetation recovery matrix for coal gangue storage yard in northwest cold and arid region and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115160085A (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-10-11 | 云南师范大学 | Organic fertilizer for improving ginseng fruit continuous cropping soil |
| CN115180992A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-10-14 | 南京宁粮生物工程有限公司 | Novel soil heavy metal conditioner and preparation method thereof |
| WO2023092791A1 (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2023-06-01 | 海南大学 | Method for controlling insect pests by means of composting fallen leaves and waste branches of swietenia macrophylla |
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| WO2021169152A1 (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2021-09-02 | 浙江科技学院 | Method for preparing carbon-based fertilizer using perishable waste as raw material, and application |
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| CN113349016A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-09-07 | 国家能源集团乌海能源有限责任公司 | Soilless vegetation recovery matrix for coal gangue storage yard in northwest cold and arid region and preparation method and application thereof |
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| WO2023092791A1 (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2023-06-01 | 海南大学 | Method for controlling insect pests by means of composting fallen leaves and waste branches of swietenia macrophylla |
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| CN115160085A (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-10-11 | 云南师范大学 | Organic fertilizer for improving ginseng fruit continuous cropping soil |
| CN115160085B (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2024-01-30 | 云南师范大学 | Application of organic fertilizer in improvement of ginseng fruit continuous cropping soil |
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Application publication date: 20191231 |