CN104892327B - Special charcoal base seedling medium of paddy rice and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special charcoal base seedling medium of paddy rice and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of special charcoal base seedling medium of the strong nutritive type rice of water conservation venting capability, it is mixed by the raw material of following parts by weight：Nitrogenize 30~40 parts of modification biological charcoal, air-dry 35~40 parts of cow dung, 10~15 parts of pine needle, 8~10 parts of vermiculite, 3~5 parts of water-loss reducer, 1~2 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.Nitridation modification biological charcoal used of the invention has nitrogen nutrition function, while N leaching loss loss can be reduced；By the mixing with the raw material such as cow dung, pine needle, water-loss reducer, make the matrix that there is water conservation, the function such as ventilative, while suitable carbon-nitrogen ratio and the more favourable rice seedlings growth of comprehensive nutritional ingredient；Raw materials used wide material sources, cheap and easy to get, production cost is low, is advantageously implemented the ecological trans-utilization of discarded object.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cultivation technique without soil field, and in particular to a kind of special charcoal base seedling medium of paddy rice and its preparation side
Method.
Background technology
Healthy and strong rice shoot is cultivated, is an important step during Rice Production.Period of seedling establishment is short after healthy and strong shoot transplanting equipment,
Tillering ability is vigorous, can be laid a good foundation for Later Stage of Rice high yield.Traditional seedling cultivation of rice is more to be carried out, it is necessary to account in rice seedling bed
With the arable land of certain area, while needing fine farming to make seedbed.Water consumpation management needs to be adjusted in good time according to temperature Change
It is whole, need to carry out the work processes such as weeding, preventing disease and pest in addition, often consume more human and material resources.And because temperature becomes
Change, the water and fertilizer management influence seedling development such as not good, it is difficult to cultivate strong sprout.And the centralized native bed nursery of greenhouse can preferably overcome
The deficiency of traditional rice seedling bed nursery, and have the advantages that to economize on resources, production efficiency is high, seedling quality is good, generally by peasant household
Welcome, but this mode needs more bed soil, the program such as its preparation, sterilization, acid adjustment is numerous and diverse, and lifting recruitment is more, seedling block weight,
Mechanical work is not easy to, popularizing for this seedling raising mannerses is had a strong impact on.
Charcoal be biomass under low-oxygen environment, the class multi-pore structure that is produced through high temperature pyrolysis, high-specific surface area,
The rich carbons material of high adsorption capacity.Preparing the biomass material of charcoal includes various natural materials and its derivative, such as wood
Organic waste, urban solid garbage, feces of livestock and poultry, water plant and algae that bits, agricultural and industrial activity are produced etc., but greatly
Most raw material sources are in agricultural wastes.Raw material sources are extensive, low production cost.There are some researches prove the hole of charcoal
Keep the ability of nutrient ion to play an important role to it, mainly realized by the holding to moisture, be that moisture and nutrient are preserved
Ideal carrier.In addition, the fine and close hole of charcoal makes it have good aeration.And heap density is small, light weight is readily transported.
At present, a series of rice nursery substrates of successive popularization and application in production, are with turf, vermiculite, perlite, dirt mostly
Mud, stalk, the bacteria residue crushed etc. are raw material, are formed by different ratio, these host material nutrient contents are low, water conservation is breathed freely
Poor performance, is unfavorable for root system development；Also have individually using charcoal as raw material, by matching to form mixed base with other materials
Material, but charcoal, not by pretreatment or modified, how high acid-base value, the salinity for often resulting in matrix be, is not suitable for planting
Son development.In addition, often causing carbon-nitrogen ratio to lack of proper care because charcoal can not be combined preferably with nitrogenous fertilizer, influence rice shoot root system nutrient is inhaled
Receive, suppress seedling growth, easily form thin seedling, weak seedling.
The content of the invention
Educated the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of special charcoal base of the strong nutritive type rice of water conservation venting capability
Seedling matrix and preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
A kind of special charcoal base seedling medium of paddy rice is designed, is mixed by the raw material of following parts by weight：Nitrogenize modification biological
30~40 parts of charcoal, air-dried 35~40 parts of cow dung, 10~15 parts of pine needle, 8~10 parts of vermiculite, 3~5 parts of water-loss reducer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1
~2 parts.
It is preferred that, the preparation method of the nitridation modification biological charcoal is：
A. air-dried rice hulls are produced into charcoal in pyrolysis under 300 DEG C of anaerobic environments, the charcoal is then subjected to powder
It is broken and cross 2mm sieve after with clear water soak 3~6 hours, then with clear water rinse 2~3 times with remove after ash content and impurity dry；
B. 2mol/L H will be added in the charcoal obtained by step a2O2It is middle oxidation 40~50 hours after take out, then by its
By 1:9~10 solid-to-liquid ratio, which is added in the sal volatile that nitrogen content is 25%, to be vibrated 10~12 hours, is then filtered off solution and is dried in the air
Obtain nitrogenizing modification biological charcoal after dry.
It is preferred that, the water-loss reducer is to polymerize obtained water-absorbing resins with potassium acrylate by CMS, and it is prepared
Method is：2.5g CMSs are added in the beaker for filling 60ml deionized waters, are positioned on electric hot plate and are slowly heated
To 60 DEG C, constant temperature is kept, 7.5g potassium hydroxide, 20g potassium acrylates, 0.8gK are sequentially added while stirring2S2O8, 5ml mass it is dense
Spend the N for 1.2g/L, N'- methylene-bisacrylamide solution；Then beaker overlay film is stood 1.5 hours, it is sticky by what is obtained
Liquid collects end-product in being dried under vacuum to constant weight at 60 DEG C, will obtain the water-loss reducer after its ground and 20 mesh sieve excessively.
The preparation method of the special charcoal base seedling medium of paddy rice of the present invention comprises the following steps：
（1）Air-dried rice hulls are produced into charcoal in pyrolysis under 300 DEG C of anaerobic environment, then the charcoal are carried out
Crush and cross 2mm sieve after with clear water soak 3~6 hours, then with clear water rinse 2~3 times with remove dried after ash content and impurity it is standby
With；
（2）By step（1）2mol/L H is added in the charcoal of gained2O2In, after standing oxidation 40~50 hours, mistake
Solution is filtered, dries and obtains oxidative biological charcoal；
（3）By step（2）The H of gained2O2The charcoal of oxidation presses 1:It is 25% that 9~10 solid-to-liquid ratio, which is added to nitrogen content,
Vibrated in sal volatile 10~12 hours, then filter off and nitridation modification biological charcoal is produced after solution dries, and tested by detection
Demonstrate,prove N2 adsorption amount；
（4）2.5g CMSs are added in the beaker for filling 60ml deionized waters, be positioned on electric hot plate slow
60 DEG C are heated to, constant temperature is kept, 7.5g potassium hydroxide, 20g potassium acrylates, 0.8gK is sequentially added while stirring2S2O8, 5ml matter
Measure the N that concentration is 1.2g/L, N'- methylene-bisacrylamide solution；Then beaker overlay film is stood 1.5 hours, by what is obtained
Thick liquid collects end-product in being dried under vacuum to constant weight at 60 DEG C, will obtain water-loss reducer after its ground and 20 mesh sieve excessively；
（5）The cow dung after fermentation is taken, air-dried sieving is smashed, packed standby；
（6）Air-dried pine needle is taken, is crushed with pulverizer, sieving pack is standby；
（7）Take step（3）30~40 parts of the nitridation modification biological charcoal of gained, air-dried 35~40 parts of cow dung, pine needle 10~15
Part, 8~10 parts of vermiculite, step（4）3~5 parts of the water-loss reducer of gained, 1~2 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is raw material, after uniform mixing
To the special charcoal base seedling medium of paddy rice.
It is preferred that, step（1）The method that charcoal is produced in the pyrolysis of middle rice hulls is：After rice hulls are air-dried, load destructive distillation
Formula retort, retort start-up temperature is 40 DEG C, is then warming up to 170 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min amplitude, is kept after 30min, then press
Amplitude according to 5 DEG C/min is warming up to 300 DEG C, is cooled to room temperature after being kept for 3 hours, that is, obtains the charcoal.
It is preferred that, step（3）Described in the condition that vibrates be：By H2O2Charcoal after oxidation is mixed with sal volatile
Afterwards, be placed in constant temperature oscillator, 25 DEG C, 1.01 × 105It is small with 150 times/min hunting of frequency 10-12 under conditions of Pa
When.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1. used in charcoal be nitridation modification biological charcoal, charcoal is scrubbed, after oxidation and nitridation, connects its own pH value
Weakly acidic pH, nitrogen is loaded into biological carbon surface, charcoal is had nitrogen nutrition memory function, while nitrogen pouring can be reduced
Wash loss.
2. by the mixing with the raw material such as cow dung, pine needle, water-loss reducer, make the matrix that there is water conservation, the function such as ventilative, simultaneously
Suitable carbon-nitrogen ratio and the more favourable rice seedlings growth of comprehensive nutritional ingredient.
3. raw materials used wide material sources, cheap and easy to get, production cost is low, is advantageously implemented the ecological trans-utilization of discarded object.
Embodiment
Illustrate the embodiment of the present invention with reference to embodiment, but following examples are used only to describe in detail
The present invention, does not limit the scope of the present invention in any way.
Embodiment 1：A kind of preparation method of the special charcoal base seedling medium of paddy rice, comprises the following steps：
（1）After rice hulls are air-dried, load dry distillation type retort, retort start-up temperature is 40 DEG C, with 5 DEG C/min amplitude liters
Temperature keeps 30min to 170 degree, is then warming up to 300 DEG C according still further to 5 DEG C/min amplitudes, is kept for 3 hours, is subsequently cooled to room
Temperature, is placed in ground 2mm after being dried at 105 DEG C of baking oven and sieves, life is made after being soaked 9 hours with clear water, then after being rinsed 2 times with clear water
Thing charcoal particle is standby.
（2）Will be by step（1）2mol/L H is added in the charcoal of gained2O2In, oxidation 48 hours are stood, are filtered molten
Liquid, dries and obtains oxidative biological charcoal.
（3）By step（2）The H of gained2O2The charcoal of oxidation presses 1:9 solid-to-liquid ratio is added to the carbonic acid that nitrogen content is 25%
In ammonium salt solution, be placed in constant temperature oscillator, 25 DEG C, 1.01 × 105Under conditions of Pa, with 150 times/min hunting of frequency 10
Hour, then filter off after solution dries and obtain the nitridation modification biological charcoal.After testing, the nitridation modification biological charcoal pH value is approached
Neutrality, content of ashes is low, and porosity is high, and specific surface area is in 300~400 m2/ g, ammonium nitrogen content about 150mg/g, with certain
Intensity and higher biochemistry stability.
（4）Take 2.5g CMSs to be added in the beaker for filling 60ml deionized waters, be positioned on electric hot plate slow
60 DEG C are heated to, constant temperature is kept, 7.5g potassium hydroxide, 20g potassium acrylates, 0.8gK is sequentially added while stirring2S2O8, 5ml matter
Measure the N that concentration is 1.2g/L, N'- methylene-bisacrylamide solution；Then beaker overlay film is stood 1.5 hours, by what is obtained
Thick liquid collects end-product in being dried under vacuum to constant weight at 60 DEG C, will obtain water-loss reducer after its ground and 20 mesh sieve excessively.
The water-loss reducer water absorption rate is high, and water-retaining property is good.Can Reusability, cost is low, biodegradable, pollution-free.
（5）The cow dung after fermentation is taken, air-dried sieving is smashed, packed standby；
（6）Air-dried pine needle is taken, is crushed with pulverizer, sieving pack is standby；
（7）Take step（3）30 parts of the nitridation modification biological charcoal of gained, air-dried 40 parts of cow dung, 15 parts of pine needle, 10 parts of vermiculite,
Step（4）3 parts of the water-loss reducer of gained, 2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is raw material, and the special charcoal base nursery base of paddy rice is obtained after uniform mixing
Matter.
Embodiment 2：A kind of preparation method of the special charcoal base seedling medium of paddy rice, is with the difference of embodiment 1, step
Suddenly（7）：Take step（3）40 parts of the nitridation modification biological charcoal of gained, air-dried 38 parts of cow dung, 10 parts of pine needle, 8 parts of vermiculite, step（4）
3 parts of the water-loss reducer of gained, 1 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is raw material, and the special charcoal base seedling medium of paddy rice is obtained after uniform mixing.
Embodiment 3：A kind of preparation method of the special charcoal base seedling medium of paddy rice, is with the difference of embodiment 1, step
Suddenly（7）：Take step（3）35 parts of the nitridation modification biological charcoal of gained, air-dried 40 parts of cow dung, 10 parts of pine needle, 8 parts of vermiculite, step（4）
5 parts of the water-loss reducer of gained, 2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is raw material, and the special charcoal base seedling medium of paddy rice is obtained after uniform mixing.
Involved instrument and equipment is routine instrument device unless otherwise instructed in the embodiment above；Involved
The raw material of industry is commercially available regular industrial raw material unless otherwise instructed.
Application effect contrast test：Using soil matrix as control, using the seedling medium of example 1 to embodiment 3, experiment is used
Rice paddy seed is five excellent 308, and every kind of disk of matrix 50, experiment sets three repetitions, altogether the disk of experiment quantity 450.In process of the test, paddy rice
The contrast of seedling growth development condition is as shown in table 1 below.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, at this
On the basis of invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore,
These modifications or improvements, belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of special charcoal base seedling medium of paddy rice, it is characterised in that be mixed by the raw material of following parts by weight：Nitridation is modified
30~40 parts of charcoal, air-dried 35~40 parts of cow dung, 10~15 parts of pine needle, 8~10 parts of vermiculite, 3~5 parts of water-loss reducer, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
1~2 part of hydrogen potassium；
Wherein, the preparation method of the nitridation modification biological charcoal is：
A. air-dried rice hulls are produced into charcoal in pyrolysis under 300 DEG C of anaerobic environments, then crushed the charcoal simultaneously
Cross 2mm sieve after with clear water soak 3~6 hours, then with clear water rinse 2~3 times with remove after ash content and impurity dry；
B. 2mol/L H will be added in the charcoal obtained by step a2O2Middle oxidation is taken out after 40~50 hours, then it is pressed into 1:
9~10 solid-to-liquid ratio, which is added in the sal volatile that nitrogen content is 25%, to be vibrated 10~12 hours, after then elimination solution dries
Obtain nitrogenizing modification biological charcoal；
The water-loss reducer is to polymerize obtained water-absorbing resins with potassium acrylate by CMS, and its preparation method is：Will
2.5g CMSs are added in the beaker for filling 60ml deionized waters, are positioned on electric hot plate and are slowly heated to 60 DEG C, guarantor
Constant temperature is held, 7.5g potassium hydroxide, 20g potassium acrylates, 0.8gK are sequentially added while stirring2S2O8, 5ml mass concentrations be 1.2g/L
N, N'- methylene-bisacrylamide solution；Then beaker overlay film is stood 1.5 hours, by obtained thick liquid in 60 DEG C
Under be dried under vacuum to constant weight, collect end-product, will its be ground and cross after 20 mesh sieves and obtain the water-loss reducer.
2. a kind of preparation method of the special charcoal base seedling medium of paddy rice, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
（1）Air-dried rice hulls are produced into charcoal in pyrolysis under 300 DEG C of anaerobic environment, then the charcoal are crushed
And soaked 3~6 hours with clear water after 2mm sieves excessively, then rinse 2~3 times to remove dry for standby after ash content and impurity with clear water；
（2）By step（1）2mol/L H is added in the charcoal of gained2O2In, after standing oxidation 40~50 hours, filter molten
Liquid, dries and obtains oxidative biological charcoal；
（3）By step（2）The H of gained2O2The charcoal of oxidation presses 1:9~10 solid-to-liquid ratio is added to the carbonic acid that nitrogen content is 25%
Vibrated in ammonium salt solution 10~12 hours, then filter off and nitridation modification biological charcoal is produced after solution dries, and by detecting checking nitrogen
Adsorbance；
（4）2.5g CMSs are added in the beaker for filling 60ml deionized waters, are positioned on electric hot plate and are slowly heated
To 60 DEG C, constant temperature is kept, 7.5g potassium hydroxide, 20g potassium acrylates, 0.8gK are sequentially added while stirring2S2O8, 5ml mass it is dense
Spend the N for 1.2g/L, N'- methylene-bisacrylamide solution；Then beaker overlay film is stood 1.5 hours, it is sticky by what is obtained
Liquid collects end-product in being dried under vacuum to constant weight at 60 DEG C, will obtain water-loss reducer after its ground and 20 mesh sieve excessively；
（5）The cow dung after fermentation is taken, air-dried sieving is smashed, packed standby；
（6）Air-dried pine needle is taken, is crushed with pulverizer, sieving pack is standby；
（7）Take step（3）30~40 parts of the nitridation modification biological charcoal of gained, air-dried 35~40 parts of cow dung, 10~15 parts of pine needle, leech
8~10 parts of stone, step（4）3~5 parts of the water-loss reducer of gained, 1~2 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is raw material, and paddy rice is obtained after uniform mixing
Special charcoal base seedling medium.
3. the preparation method of the special charcoal base seedling medium of paddy rice according to claim 2, it is characterised in that step（1）In
Rice hulls pyrolysis produces the method for charcoal and is：After rice hulls are air-dried, load dry distillation type retort, retort start-up temperature is
40 DEG C, 170 DEG C then are warming up to 5 DEG C/min amplitude, is kept after 30min, the amplitude according still further to 5 DEG C/min is warming up to 300
DEG C, room temperature is cooled to after being kept for 3 hours, that is, obtains the charcoal.
4. the preparation method of the special charcoal base seedling medium of paddy rice according to claim 2, it is characterised in that step（3）In
The condition of the vibration is：By H2O2After charcoal after oxidation is mixed with sal volatile, it is placed in constant temperature oscillator, 25
℃、1.01×105Under conditions of Pa, with 150 times/min hunting of frequency 10-12 hours.
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| CN105294253A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-02-03 | 湖南农业大学 | Rice seedling raising base material prepared through sugar-based filter mud and biochar and application of rice seedling raising base material |
| CN105693328A (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2016-06-22 | 南京农业大学 | Liquid biochar fertilizer preparing method and application |
| CN105712754A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-06-29 | 常州大学 | Biochar-based soilless organic seedling growing matrix special for rice |
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| CN108293860A (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2018-07-20 | 江苏田娘农业科技有限公司 | A kind of charcoal rice nursery substrate |
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| CN109134136A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2019-01-04 | 湖南工业大学 | A kind of biology carbon nitrogen fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN112273188A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-01-29 | 湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所 | Rice matrix and preparation method thereof |
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| CN113480374B (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2023-02-24 | 青岛农业大学 | Water-retention slow-release compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN114600732A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-10 | 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Iron-modified biochar rice seedling raising matrix, matrix plate and preparation method |
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| CN101638459B (en) * | 2009-09-14 | 2010-11-17 | 内蒙古大学 | Method for preparing super absorbent resin with high potassium content by using carboxymethyl potato starch as raw material |
| CN101638458B (en) * | 2009-09-14 | 2010-11-17 | 内蒙古大学 | Method for preparing super absorbent resin by using carboxymethyl potato starch as raw material |
| CN103319265B (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2014-09-17 | 农业部环境保护科研监测所 | Special carbon-based slow release nitrogen fertilizer for vegetable fields and preparation method thereof |
| CN103804075B (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2016-04-06 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Charcoal base poly aspartic acid slow-release carbamide, its preparation method and application |
| CN104402607A (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-03-11 | 中国水稻研究所 | Special charcoal based soilless and organic seedling raising substrate for rice |
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