CN104892327A - Rice dedicated carbon matrix seedling substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Rice dedicated carbon matrix seedling substrate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nutritional type rice dedicated carbon matrix seedling substrate with strong water retention venting capability, which is prepared from the following raw materials of 30-40 parts of nitriding modified charcoal, 35-40 parts of air drying cow dung, 10-15 parts of pine needles, 8-10 parts of vermiculite, 3-5 parts of water-retaining agent and 1-2 parts of monopotassium phosphate. The nitriding modified charcoal adopted in the invention has a nitrogen nutrition function, and can reduce nitrogen leaching loss at the same time; through the mixing of the nitriding modified charcoal with the raw materials such as cow dung, pine needle and water-retaining agent, the substrate has the functions of water retention and ventilation, and meanwhile, the suitable carbon nitrogen ratio and comprehensive nutritional ingredients are more beneficial for rice seedling growth; the used raw materials are wide in source, low in price and easily available, and the product is low in cost and is beneficial for realizing ecological conversion utilization of wastes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cultivation technique without soil field, be specifically related to a kind of paddy rice special charcoal base seedling medium and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Cultivating healthy and strong rice shoot, is an important step in Rice Production process.After healthy and strong shoot transplanting equipment, period of seedling establishment is short, and ability for tillering is vigorous, can lay a good foundation for Later Stage of Rice high yield.Traditional seedling cultivation of rice is many to carry out in rice seedling bed, needs the arable land taking certain area, needs meticulous farming to make seedbed simultaneously.Water consumpation managerial demand adjusts according to temperature Change in good time, needs in addition to carry out the work such as weeding, preventing disease and pest process, often consumes more human and material resources.And affect seedling development because temperature Change, water and fertilizer management are not good etc., be difficult to cultivate strong sprout.And the nursery of centralized booth soil bed can overcome the deficiency of traditional rice seedling bed nursery preferably, and there is advantages such as economizing on resources, production efficiency is high, seedling quality is good, generally be subject to the welcome of peasant household, but this mode needs more bed soil, its preparation, sterilization, acid adjustment supervisor is numerous and diverse, and lifting recruitment is many, seedling block weight, be not easy to mechanical work, have a strong impact on popularizing of this seedling raising manners.
Charcoal be biomass under low-oxygen environment, through high temperature pyrolysis produce a class multi-pore structure, high-specific surface area, high adsorption capacity rich carbon class material.The biomass material preparing charcoal comprises various crude substance and derivative thereof, as organic waste, urban solid garbage, feces of livestock and poultry, waterplant and algae etc. that wood chip, agricultural and industrial activity produce, but most of raw material sources are in agricultural wastes.Raw material sources are extensive, low production cost.There are some researches prove, the hole of charcoal keeps the ability of nutrient ion to play an important role to it, mainly through realizing the maintenance of moisture, is the ideal carrier that moisture and nutrient are preserved.In addition, the hole of charcoal densification makes it have good air permeability.And bulk density is little, light quality is in transport.
At present, in succession applied a series of rice nursery substrate in production, be mostly with the stalk of the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite, perlite, mud, pulverizing, bacterium slag etc. for raw material, formed by different ratio, these substrate material nutrient contents are low, and water conservation permeability is poor, is unfavorable for root system development; Also having indivedual is raw material with charcoal, and by forming mixed-matrix material with other material proportioning, but charcoal is not all through pre-treatment or modification, often causes the potential of hydrogen of matrix, salinity how high, is not suitable for seed development.In addition, often because charcoal can not better be combined with nitrogenous fertilizer, cause carbon-nitrogen ratio to lack of proper care, affect rice shoot root system nutrition absorption, suppress seedling growth, easily form thin seedling, weak seedling.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide strong nutritive type rice special charcoal base seedling medium of a kind of water conservation venting capability and preparation method thereof.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Design a kind of paddy rice special charcoal base seedling medium, become by the mixed raw material of following weight part: nitrogenize modification biological charcoal 30 ~ 40 parts, air-dry cow dung 35 ~ 40 parts, 10 ~ 15 parts, pine needle, vermiculite 8 ~ 10 parts, water-holding agent 3 ~ 5 parts, potassium primary phosphate 1 ~ 2 part.
Preferably, the preparation method of described nitrogenize modification biological charcoal is:
A. charcoal is produced in the pyrolysis under 300 DEG C of anaerobic environments of air-dry rice hulls, then this charcoal is carried out pulverizing and cross after 2mm sieves and soak 3 ~ 6 hours with clear water, then rinse 2 ~ 3 times to remove ash content and impurity post-drying with clear water;
B. the H of 2mol/L will be joined in the charcoal of step a gained
2o
2middle oxidation was taken out after 40 ~ 50 hours, then by its by the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:9 ~ 10 join nitrogen content be in the sal volatile of 25% vibrate 10 ~ 12 hours, then namely elimination solution obtain nitrogenize modification biological charcoal after drying.
Preferably, described water-holding agent is polymerized by carboxymethyl starch the absorbent resin obtained with potassium acrylate, its preparation method is: 2.5g carboxymethyl starch joined in the beaker filling 60ml deionized water, be positioned on hot plate and be slowly heated to 60 DEG C, keep constant temperature, add 7.5g potassium hydroxide, 20g potassium acrylate, 0.8gK while stirring successively
2s
2o
8, 5ml mass concentration is the N of 1.2g/L, N'-methylene-bisacrylamide solution; Then beaker overlay film is left standstill 1.5 hours, the vacuum-drying at 60 DEG C of the thick liquid that obtains, to constant weight, is collected end product, it is ground and namely obtain described water-holding agent after crossing 20 mesh sieves.
The preparation method of paddy rice of the present invention special charcoal base seedling medium comprises the following steps:
(1) charcoal is produced in the pyrolysis under the anaerobic environment of 300 DEG C of air-dry rice hulls, then this charcoal carried out pulverizing and soak 3 ~ 6 hours with clear water after crossing 2mm sieve, then rinsing 2 ~ 3 times to remove ash content and impurity post-drying is for subsequent use with clear water;
(2) H of 2mol/L will be joined in the charcoal of step (1) gained
2o
2in, leave standstill oxidation after 40 ~ 50 hours, filtering solution, dries and namely obtains oxidative biological charcoal;
(3) by the H of step (2) gained
2o
2it is vibrate 10 ~ 12 hours in the sal volatile of 25% that the charcoal of oxidation joins nitrogen content by the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:9 ~ 10, and then namely elimination solution obtain nitrogenize modification biological charcoal after drying, and by detection validation N2 adsorption amount;
(4) 2.5g carboxymethyl starch is joined in the beaker filling 60ml deionized water, be positioned on hot plate and be slowly heated to 60 DEG C, keep constant temperature, add 7.5g potassium hydroxide, 20g potassium acrylate, 0.8gK while stirring successively
2s
2o
8, 5ml mass concentration is the N of 1.2g/L, N'-methylene-bisacrylamide solution; Then beaker overlay film is left standstill 1.5 hours, the vacuum-drying at 60 DEG C of the thick liquid that obtains, to constant weight, is collected end product, it is ground and namely obtain water-holding agent after crossing 20 mesh sieves;
(5) get the cow dung after fermentation, smash air-dry sieving, pack for subsequent use;
(6) get air-dry pine needle, pulverize with pulverizer, pack of sieving is for subsequent use;
(7) the nitrogenize modification biological charcoal 30 ~ 40 parts of step (3) gained, air-dry cow dung 35 ~ 40 parts, 10 ~ 15 parts, pine needle is got, vermiculite 8 ~ 10 parts, the water-holding agent of step (4) gained 3 ~ 5 parts, potassium primary phosphate 1 ~ 2 part is raw material, obtains paddy rice special charcoal base seedling medium after Homogeneous phase mixing.
Preferably, the method that charcoal is produced in the middle rice hulls pyrolysis of step (1) is: after rice hulls is air-dry, load dry distillation type charring furnace, charring furnace start-up temperature is 40 DEG C, then be warming up to 170 DEG C with the amplitude of 5 DEG C/min, after keeping 30min, then be warming up to 300 DEG C according to the amplitude of 5 DEG C/min, keep being cooled to room temperature after 3 hours, namely obtain this charcoal.
Preferably, described in step (3), the condition of vibration is: by H
2o
2after charcoal after oxidation mixes with sal volatile, be placed in constant temperature oscillator, at 25 DEG C, 1.01 × 10
5under the condition of Pa, with the hunting of frequency 10-12 hour of 150 times/min.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1. charcoal used is nitrogenize modification biological charcoal, and charcoal is after washing, oxidation and nitrogenize, and make himself pH value close to neutral, nitrogen is loaded into charcoal surface, makes charcoal have nitrogen nutrition memory function, can reduce N leaching loss simultaneously and run off.
2. by with the mixing of the raw material such as cow dung, pine needle, water-holding agent, make this matrix have water conservation, the function such as ventilative, the more favourable rice seedlings growth of simultaneously suitable carbon-nitrogen ratio and comprehensively nutritive ingredient.
3. raw materials used wide material sources, cheap and easy to get, and production cost is low, is conducive to realizing the ecological trans-utilization of waste.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described, but following examples are only used to describe the present invention in detail, and limit the scope of the invention never in any form.
Embodiment 1: the preparation method of a kind of paddy rice special charcoal base seedling medium, comprises the following steps:
(1) rice hulls air-dry after, load dry distillation type charring furnace, charring furnace start-up temperature is 40 DEG C, is warming up to 170 degree with 5 DEG C/min amplitude, keeps 30min, and then be warming up to 300 DEG C according to 5 DEG C/min amplitude, keep 3 hours, be then cooled to room temperature, after soaking 9 hours with clear water, again with clear water rinse be placed on for 2 times dry at 105 DEG C, baking oven after ground 2mm sieve, obtained charcoal particle is for subsequent use.
(2) H of 2mol/L is joined in the charcoal of just step (1) gained
2o
2in, leave standstill oxidation 48 hours, filtering solution, dries and namely obtains oxidative biological charcoal.
(3) by the H of step (2) gained
2o
2it is in the sal volatile of 25% that the charcoal of oxidation joins nitrogen content by the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:9, is placed in constant temperature oscillator, at 25 DEG C, 1.01 × 10
5under the condition of Pa, with the hunting of frequency 10 hours of 150 times/min, then namely elimination solution obtain this nitrogenize modification biological charcoal after drying.After testing, this nitrogenize modification biological charcoal pH value is close to neutral, and ash oontent is low, and porosity is high, and specific surface area is at 300 ~ 400 m
2/ g, ammonium nitrogen content is about 150mg/g, has some strength and higher biological chemistry stability.
(4) get 2.5g carboxymethyl starch to join in the beaker filling 60ml deionized water, be positioned on hot plate and be slowly heated to 60 DEG C, keep constant temperature, add 7.5g potassium hydroxide, 20g potassium acrylate, 0.8gK while stirring successively
2s
2o
8, 5ml mass concentration is the N of 1.2g/L, N'-methylene-bisacrylamide solution; Then beaker overlay film is left standstill 1.5 hours, the vacuum-drying at 60 DEG C of the thick liquid that obtains, to constant weight, is collected end product, it is ground and namely obtain water-holding agent after crossing 20 mesh sieves.This water-holding agent water-intake rate is high, and water-retentivity is good.Can Reusability, cost is low, biodegradable, pollution-free.
(5) get the cow dung after fermentation, smash air-dry sieving, pack for subsequent use;
(6) get air-dry pine needle, pulverize with pulverizer, pack of sieving is for subsequent use;
(7) get the nitrogenize modification biological charcoal 30 parts of step (3) gained, air-dry cow dung 40 parts, 15 parts, pine needle, vermiculite 10 parts, the water-holding agent of step (4) gained 3 parts, potassium primary phosphate 2 parts is raw material, obtains paddy rice special charcoal base seedling medium after Homogeneous phase mixing.
Embodiment 2: the preparation method of a kind of paddy rice special charcoal base seedling medium, be with the difference of embodiment 1, step (7): get the nitrogenize modification biological charcoal 40 parts of step (3) gained, air-dry cow dung 38 parts, 10 parts, pine needle, vermiculite 8 parts, the water-holding agent of step (4) gained 3 parts, potassium primary phosphate 1 part is raw material, obtains paddy rice special charcoal base seedling medium after Homogeneous phase mixing.
Embodiment 3: the preparation method of a kind of paddy rice special charcoal base seedling medium, be with the difference of embodiment 1, step (7): get the nitrogenize modification biological charcoal 35 parts of step (3) gained, air-dry cow dung 40 parts, 10 parts, pine needle, vermiculite 8 parts, the water-holding agent of step (4) gained 5 parts, potassium primary phosphate 2 parts is raw material, obtains paddy rice special charcoal base seedling medium after Homogeneous phase mixing.
Plant and instrument involved in the embodiment above if no special instructions, is routine instrument device; Involved industrial raw material if no special instructions, is commercially available regular industrial raw material.
effect simultaneous test: take soil matrix as contrast, the seedling medium of use-case 1 to embodiment 3, test water rice is five excellent 308, and often kind of matrix 50 is coiled, and three repetitions are established in test, and experiment quantity 450 is coiled altogether.In process of the test, the contrast of rice seedling growth and development state is as shown in table 1 below.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a paddy rice special charcoal base seedling medium, it is characterized in that, become by the mixed raw material of following weight part: nitrogenize modification biological charcoal 30 ~ 40 parts, air-dry cow dung 35 ~ 40 parts, 10 ~ 15 parts, pine needle, vermiculite 8 ~ 10 parts, water-holding agent 3 ~ 5 parts, potassium primary phosphate 1 ~ 2 part.
2. paddy rice according to claim 1 special charcoal base seedling medium, is characterized in that, the preparation method of described nitrogenize modification biological charcoal is:
A. charcoal is produced in the pyrolysis under 300 DEG C of anaerobic environments of air-dry rice hulls, then this charcoal is carried out pulverizing and cross after 2mm sieves and soak 3 ~ 6 hours with clear water, then rinse 2 ~ 3 times to remove ash content and impurity post-drying with clear water;
B. the H of 2mol/L will be joined in the charcoal of step a gained
2o
2middle oxidation was taken out after 40 ~ 50 hours, then by its by the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:9 ~ 10 join nitrogen content be in the sal volatile of 25% vibrate 10 ~ 12 hours, then namely elimination solution obtain nitrogenize modification biological charcoal after drying.
3. paddy rice according to claim 1 special charcoal base seedling medium, it is characterized in that, described water-holding agent is polymerized by carboxymethyl starch the absorbent resin obtained with potassium acrylate, its preparation method is: 2.5g carboxymethyl starch joined in the beaker filling 60ml deionized water, be positioned on hot plate and be slowly heated to 60 DEG C, keep constant temperature, add 7.5g potassium hydroxide, 20g potassium acrylate, 0.8gK while stirring successively
2s
2o
8, 5ml mass concentration is the N of 1.2g/L, N'-methylene-bisacrylamide solution; Then beaker overlay film is left standstill 1.5 hours, the vacuum-drying at 60 DEG C of the thick liquid that obtains, to constant weight, is collected end product, it is ground and namely obtain described water-holding agent after crossing 20 mesh sieves.
4. a preparation method for paddy rice special charcoal base seedling medium, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) charcoal is produced in the pyrolysis under the anaerobic environment of 300 DEG C of air-dry rice hulls, then this charcoal carried out pulverizing and soak 3 ~ 6 hours with clear water after crossing 2mm sieve, then rinsing 2 ~ 3 times to remove ash content and impurity post-drying is for subsequent use with clear water;
(2) H of 2mol/L will be joined in the charcoal of step (1) gained
2o
2in, leave standstill oxidation after 40 ~ 50 hours, filtering solution, dries and namely obtains oxidative biological charcoal;
(3) by the H of step (2) gained
2o
2it is vibrate 10 ~ 12 hours in the sal volatile of 25% that the charcoal of oxidation joins nitrogen content by the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:9 ~ 10, and then namely elimination solution obtain nitrogenize modification biological charcoal after drying, and by detection validation N2 adsorption amount;
(4) 2.5g carboxymethyl starch is joined in the beaker filling 60ml deionized water, be positioned on hot plate and be slowly heated to 60 DEG C, keep constant temperature, add 7.5g potassium hydroxide, 20g potassium acrylate, 0.8gK while stirring successively
2s
2o
8, 5ml mass concentration is the N of 1.2g/L, N'-methylene-bisacrylamide solution; Then beaker overlay film is left standstill 1.5 hours, the vacuum-drying at 60 DEG C of the thick liquid that obtains, to constant weight, is collected end product, it is ground and namely obtain water-holding agent after crossing 20 mesh sieves;
(5) get the cow dung after fermentation, smash air-dry sieving, pack for subsequent use;
(6) get air-dry pine needle, pulverize with pulverizer, pack of sieving is for subsequent use;
(7) the nitrogenize modification biological charcoal 30 ~ 40 parts of step (3) gained, air-dry cow dung 35 ~ 40 parts, 10 ~ 15 parts, pine needle is got, vermiculite 8 ~ 10 parts, the water-holding agent of step (4) gained 3 ~ 5 parts, potassium primary phosphate 1 ~ 2 part is raw material, obtains paddy rice special charcoal base seedling medium after Homogeneous phase mixing.
5. the preparation method of paddy rice according to claim 4 special charcoal base seedling medium, it is characterized in that, the method that charcoal is produced in the middle rice hulls pyrolysis of step (1) is: after rice hulls is air-dry, load dry distillation type charring furnace, charring furnace start-up temperature is 40 DEG C, is then warming up to 170 DEG C with the amplitude of 5 DEG C/min, after keeping 30min, be warming up to 300 DEG C according to the amplitude of 5 DEG C/min again, keep being cooled to room temperature after 3 hours, namely obtain this charcoal.
6. the preparation method of paddy rice according to claim 4 special charcoal base seedling medium, is characterized in that, described in step (3), the condition of vibration is: by H
2o
2after charcoal after oxidation mixes with sal volatile, be placed in constant temperature oscillator, at 25 DEG C, 1.01 × 10
5under the condition of Pa, with the hunting of frequency 10-12 hour of 150 times/min.
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| CN105294253A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-02-03 | 湖南农业大学 | Rice seedling raising base material prepared through sugar-based filter mud and biochar and application of rice seedling raising base material |
| CN105693328A (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2016-06-22 | 南京农业大学 | Liquid biochar fertilizer preparing method and application |
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| CN105294253A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-02-03 | 湖南农业大学 | Rice seedling raising base material prepared through sugar-based filter mud and biochar and application of rice seedling raising base material |
| CN105693328A (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2016-06-22 | 南京农业大学 | Liquid biochar fertilizer preparing method and application |
| CN105712754A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-06-29 | 常州大学 | Biochar-based soilless organic seedling growing matrix special for rice |
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| CN108293860A (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2018-07-20 | 江苏田娘农业科技有限公司 | A kind of charcoal rice nursery substrate |
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| CN109134136A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2019-01-04 | 湖南工业大学 | A kind of biology carbon nitrogen fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN110615722A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-12-27 | 河海大学 | Biochar-based multi-component fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN110615722B (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2022-07-05 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Biochar-based multi-component fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN112273188A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-01-29 | 湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所 | Rice matrix and preparation method thereof |
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