CN111234841A

CN111234841A - Preparation and application of novel disease and pest prevention soil conditioner

Info

Publication number: CN111234841A
Application number: CN202010231768.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王世伟
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-03-27
Filing date: 2020-03-27
Publication date: 2020-06-05

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a novel disease and pest prevention soil conditioner, which is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 15-25% of EM engineering bacteria, 10-30% of organic fertilizer, 10-20% of chalk soil, 10-20% of potassium feldspar, 10-20% of biochar and 5-15% of hydroxyethyl cellulose-sodium alginate hydrogel; the soil conditioner disclosed by the invention can embed a large number of EM engineering bacteria, can kill or inhibit pathogenic microorganisms and harmful substances, resist underground plant diseases and insect pests, adjust the ecological environment of cultivation, can retain water, resist evaporation and water seepage, is beneficial to absorption of nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like and slow release effect of the nutrient elements, prolongs the fertility of soil, can improve the yield and quality of agricultural products, protects the health of plant seeds, is free from generating pollutants in preparation, and is energy-saving and environment-friendly.

Description

Preparation and application of novel disease and pest prevention soil conditioner

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to preparation and application of a novel disease and pest prevention soil conditioner.

Background

With the development and progress of agricultural science and technology in China, a plurality of high-efficiency and environment-friendly novel fertilizers are gradually popularized and applied. The most potential development at present is the microbial fertilizer with the functions of slow release and controlled release fertilizer with good performance. The functional microbial fertilizer has various types, and aims to achieve the effects of activating soil and promoting crops to absorb nutrients by adding microbes into the soil, thereby improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer.

The surface pore structure of the biochar is mainly microporous, and the large number of micropores enables the biochar to have large specific surface area and strong adsorption performance. The surface morphological structure of the biochar is mainly influenced by the carbonization temperature, and in a certain range, the higher the carbonization temperature is, the more developed the surface pores are, the larger the specific surface area is, and the stronger the adsorption capacity is. Meanwhile, the porous structure of the biochar also provides a good inhabitation environment for microorganisms, and the activity of the microorganisms can be directly or indirectly improved.

The hydrogel contains-COOH, -OH and-NH₂And various functional groups such as-C ═ O and the like, can be combined with various nutrient elements (K, Na, S, N, P and the like), slowly release the nutrient elements in the soil environment, the hydrogel also has the function of buffering the pH value, so that the chemical environment of the soil is influenced, and the hydrogel can generate polymers without biotoxicity after being decomposed, so that the hydrogel is an ideal carrier for the nutrient elements (K, Na, S, N, P and the like).

At present, a plurality of liquid biological special fertilizers are developed to a certain extent, have more specific functions and more obvious fertilizer efficiency, and can play a greater role in the production of economic crops. Therefore, the research and development of novel fertilizers with different types and different functions have very important effects on improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer, promoting the growth of crops and improving the agricultural production level.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a novel energy-saving and environment-friendly disease and insect pest prevention soil conditioner which can kill or inhibit pathogenic microorganisms and harmful substances, resist underground disease and insect pests, adjust the ecological environment of cultivation, retain water, resist evaporation and seepage, facilitate the absorption of nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like and the slow release effect of the nutrient elements, prolong the fertility of soil, improve the yield and quality of agricultural products, protect the health of plant species, and has no pollution substances in the preparation process.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the novel soil conditioner is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 15-25% of EM engineering bacteria, 10-30% of organic fertilizer, 10-20% of chalk soil, 10-20% of potassium feldspar, 10-20% of biochar and 5-15% of hydroxyethyl cellulose-sodium alginate hydrogel.

Preferably, the novel soil conditioner is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 20% of EM engineering bacteria, 20% of organic fertilizer, 15% of chalk soil, 15% of potassium feldspar, 20% of biochar and 10% of hydroxyethyl cellulose-sodium alginate hydrogel.

Wherein the structural formula of the hydroxyethyl cellulose-sodium alginate is shown as a formula (I):

wherein n is 20-50; m is 20-50;

the preparation of the novel soil conditioner for preventing plant diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps:

1) mixing 15% chalk soil, 15% potassium feldspar, 20% biochar and 20% organic fertilizer, grinding uniformly to prepare a mixed material with the granularity of about 100 meshes, adding the mixed material into a closed reaction kettle, stirring uniformly, heating to 150 ℃ and 170 ℃ by using steam, adjusting the pressure to 0.5MP, and reacting for 2 hours to obtain an organic material without disease bacteria;

2) opening a discharging valve of the closed reaction kettle, discharging the materials into a reduced pressure reaction kettle by means of internal pressure, keeping the temperature at 40-50 ℃, stirring for 20 minutes under normal pressure, then adding 20% of EM engineering bacteria under the stirring state, continuing stirring for 30 minutes, cooling to room temperature, adding 10% of hydroxyethyl cellulose-sodium alginate hydrogel, and uniformly stirring to obtain the novel disease and pest prevention soil conditioner.

The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a novel soil conditioner for preventing diseases and insect pests.

The invention also aims to provide application of the novel soil conditioner for preventing diseases and insect pests, wherein the novel soil conditioner can kill or inhibit pathogenic microorganisms and harmful substances, resist underground diseases and insect pests, adjust the ecological environment of cultivation, retain water, resist evaporation and water seepage, facilitate absorption of nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like and slow release of the nutrient elements, prolong the fertility of soil, improve the yield and quality of agricultural products, protect the health of plant species, avoid the generation of pollutants in preparation, save energy and protect environment.

The invention also aims to provide application of the novel soil conditioner for preventing diseases and insect pests, wherein the hydroxyethyl cellulose-sodium alginate hydrogel disclosed by the invention is natural and non-toxic, small in pore size, capable of immobilizing EM engineering bacteria, preventing loss of EM engineering bacteria, preserving a large amount of water, relieving evaporation and slowly releasing microorganisms and nutrient substances to prolong the fertility time of soil.

The invention also aims to provide the application of the novel soil conditioner for preventing diseases and insect pests, wherein the chalky soil, the potassium feldspar and the biochar are mixed to prepare a mixed material which is easy to generate enriched nutrient substances and beneficial microorganisms, so that the soil becomes fertile.

The potassium feldspar is a water-insoluble potassium resource with high potassium content, wide distribution and maximum reserves.

The chalk is a loose white limestone whose main chemical component is CaCO₃The main mineral component is biological mud crystal calcite which has pure texture, the content of the calcite can reach more than 99 percent, and the bioceramic often contains impurities such as quartz, feldspar, clay minerals, glauconite and the like. Under an electron microscope, chalk is mostly composed of calcite fine granular calcareous algae, and is often reacted with potassium feldspar to produce K and Na salts.

The biochar is charcoal obtained by placing straws and firewood under an anoxic state at the high temperature of 500-600 ℃ and controllably performing pyrolysis on the straws and the firewood, and has rich pore structure, huge specific surface area, higher ion exchange and strong adsorption performance, so that after the biochar is applied into soil, the pore structure of the soil can be improved, the soil is promoted to form a good aggregate structure, the volume weight of the soil is reduced, the soil is prevented from hardening, the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil is improved, the crop yield is improved, and the farmland pollution is repaired.

The EM engineering bacteria is a microbial living bacteria preparation which is compounded by 10 microorganisms which are more than 80 and mainly comprise photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and actinomycetes. The action mechanism is to form competition of the EM bacteria and the pathogenic microorganisms for nutrition, and the EM bacteria are easy to survive and reproduce in the soil, so the EM bacteria can quickly and stably occupy the ecological status in the soil, and form a dominant community of beneficial microorganisms, thereby controlling the reproduction of the pathogenic microorganisms and the attack on crops.

Has the advantages that: the invention adopts the raw materials to prepare the novel soil conditioner for preventing plant diseases and insect pests, and potassium feldspar in the components can supplement silicon and potassium elements in soil. The chalk soil is soft in texture and has a lot of dispersibility, and the chalk soil can be used as a filling agent to improve and enhance the water absorption of the soil conditioner, is beneficial to the enrichment of K salt and Na salt and improves the soil fertility. The biochar has rich pore structure, huge specific surface area, higher ion exchange and strong adsorption performance, can improve the pore structure of soil after being applied into the soil, promote the soil to form a good aggregate structure, reduce the volume weight of the soil, prevent the soil from hardening, improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, improve the crop yield and repair farmland pollution, and the hydroxyethyl cellulose-sodium alginate hydrogel has a net structure which can fix EM engineering bacteria, prevent the loss of the EM engineering bacteria, and effectively control the propagation and the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms, after the soil conditioner is applied, the root rot of wheat, soybean, corn and sorghum is reduced by 35 to 40 percent, the novel disease and insect pest prevention soil conditioner can effectively improve the water retention in sandy, loamy and clayey soil, which is almost 2 times of the water retention of the soil without the conditioner, the novel soil conditioner can not only improve the content of nutrient elements in the soil, the fertilizer also has the capability of slowly releasing various nutrient elements, can meet the requirement of crops in the whole growth period by realizing one-time fertilization, reduces the fertilization times and the fertilization amount, and has no pollution to the environment by products after the hydrogel is decomposed.

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a bar graph showing the effect of the novel disease and pest preventing soil conditioner on the content of nutrient elements in soil after 65 days of action.

FIG. 2 is a bar graph showing the effect of the novel disease and pest preventing soil conditioner on the content of nutrient elements in soil after the novel disease and pest preventing soil conditioner acts for 95 days.

FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the incidence of root rot in sorghum.

FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the incidence of root rot in wheat.

FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the incidence of root rot in soybeans.

FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the incidence of root rot in maize.

Detailed description of the preferred embodiments

Detailed Description

Example 1

The synthesis method of the hydroxyethyl cellulose-sodium alginate hydrogel comprises the following steps:

(1) 3, 3-Dithiodipropionic acid (8.41g, 40mmol), sodium alginate (1.93g, 5mmol) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.0386g, 0.316mmol) were weighed out and dissolved in 20mL of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran. Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (3.09g, 15mmol) was then added to anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (5mL) and added dropwise to the ice bath. The resulting mixture was stirred at 30 ℃ for 10h, the reaction was filtered, the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation, and the product was purified by recrystallization from ethyl acetate to give a white precipitate.

(2) Weighing 2g of white precipitate (3.5mmol) obtained in the first step reaction and 1.32g of EDC (6.9mmol) to dissolve in 20mL of absolute ethanol, and stirring for 50 minutes to activate carboxyl; hydroxyethyl cellulose (3.0mmol) and 0.8g NHS (6.9mmol) are dissolved in 20mL deionized water to activate hydroxyl, and the hydroxyethyl cellulose (3.0mmol) after hydroxyl activation is slowly added into the white precipitate water solution obtained in the first step after carboxyl activation, and the dropping time is controlled within 5 min. Stirring for 8h in the dark. Dialyzing with 8000-14000 molecular weight dialysis bag for 2 days, and freeze drying to obtain green solid of formula (I).

Example 2

A synthetic method of a novel soil conditioner for preventing diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps:

1) mixing 15% chalk soil, 15% potassium feldspar, 20% biochar and 20% organic fertilizer, grinding uniformly to prepare a mixed material with the granularity of about 100 meshes, adding the mixed material into a closed reaction kettle, stirring uniformly, heating to 150 ℃ and 170 ℃ by using steam, adjusting the pressure to 0.5MP, and reacting for 2 hours to obtain the organic material without disease bacteria.

Example 3

Influence of novel disease and pest prevention soil conditioner on field water capacity

The soil conditioner prepared by the invention is used for applying soybean planted on sandy, loamy and clay soil as a base fertilizer, and the application amount is 30kg/hm²Spraying water on sandy, loamy and clayey soil to saturate the soil with water, and loading the soil with a cutting ring, and spraying water on the other group without applying a soil conditioner to saturate the soil with water and loading the soil with a cutting ring; the soil sample was then removed from the ring knife bottom (perforated lid) and the secondary ring knife was placed on the ring knife with the filter paper. In order to make the contact tight, the bricks can be compacted, after 8 hours of water absorption process, 15-20g of undisturbed soil in the upper cutting ring is taken and put into an aluminum box, the weight is immediately weighed, the accuracy rate is 0.01g, the water content is measured by drying, and compared with the water holding capacity in sandy soil, loamy soil and clayey soil without the soil conditioner prepared by the invention, the sandy field water holding capacity after the soil conditioner prepared by the invention is applied is found to be 18.2 percent, which is 10.2 percent higher than the field water holding capacity of the sandy soil without the soil conditioner, and the loamy field water holding capacity after the soil conditioner prepared by the invention is applied is 20.5 percent,the value is 11.4 percent higher than the field water capacity of loamy soil without adding the soil conditioner, the field water capacity of the loamy soil after the soil conditioner prepared by the invention is acted on is 21.6 percent, and the value is 9.8 percent higher than the field water capacity of the loamy soil without adding the soil conditioner, which indicates that the soil conditioner prepared by the invention can improve the field water capacity of loamy soil.

Example 4

Novel soil conditioner for preventing diseases and insect pests and influencing contents of K, N, P and S in soil

Two experimental groups are arranged, the first group is used for uniformly mixing the conditioner disclosed by the invention with soil, and the second group is only added with soil; meanwhile, 0.7g of urea and 0.7g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate are applied to each pot to serve as base fertilizers and then the pots are loaded, 2.0kg of each pot is loaded, the water content of the uniformly mixed soil is adjusted to be 65% of the field water capacity, and the planting is carried out in a balanced way for one week. Selecting full soybean seeds with uniform size, sterilizing with 1% NaClO for 30min, washing with a large amount of deionized water, spreading the seeds on wet filter paper, and performing germination acceleration in an incubator in dark environment at 18 ℃ for two days. Placing 20 germinated seeds in each pot, carrying out unscheduled thinning in the initial stage of seedling emergence, and finally, reserving three seedlings with equivalent growth vigor in each pot, carrying out greenhouse culture and natural illumination. During the whole growth period, deionized water is used for watering every day to keep certain soil water holding capacity, and after 95 days, soybeans are harvested, and meanwhile, corresponding soil samples are collected.

Taking the plant sample after 95 days back to the laboratory, cleaning with tap water and deionized water, placing in a 105 deg.C oven for 30min, drying at 75 deg.C to constant weight, pulverizing with a small pulverizer, weighing 0.15-0.20g pulverized soybean sample in a triangular flask, respectively adding 5mL HNO₃And 0.5mL of 30% H₂O₂Each flask was placed in a curved funnel for cold digestion overnight. The next day, the mixture was heated to near dryness and appeared white or yellow. After cooling, the funnel is washed by ultrapure water, 5mL of 25% HCl is added to dissolve the solid, and then the solid is transferred to a 25mL volumetric flask to be measured. The heavy metals in the solution were measured using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and the experimental results are shown in fig. 1.

Collecting the soil after 95 days, naturally air drying, grinding, sieving with 10 mesh sieve, and mixingWeighing 9-10g of soil sample which is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve into a 50mL centrifuge tube, adding 25mL of 0.005mol/L DTPA solution leaching liquor, and shaking for 2 hours at 25 ℃. Then, centrifuging at 4000 rpm for 10min, filtering with 0.45 μm filter membrane, and adding one drop of concentrated HNO to each filtrate₃And storing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for testing. The nutrient elements in the solution were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and the experimental results are shown in fig. 2.

The results shown in the figure 1 and the figure 2 show that the novel soil conditioner for preventing diseases and insect pests can increase the content of K, N, P and S in soil, the content of nutrient elements in the soil after the soil conditioner is added after 95 days is two times higher than that of the soil without the soil conditioner, and the nutrient elements obtained by crops are almost unchanged, so that the novel soil conditioner for preventing diseases and insect pests can slowly release nutrients, the release is synchronous with the absorption of the crops, and the requirement of the crops in the whole growth period can be met by realizing one-time fertilization

Example 5

Disease and pest prevention effect of soil conditioner

The application method of the novel disease and pest prevention soil conditioner provided by the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps: when land preparation is carried out in early spring, the microbial soil conditioner is used as a base fertilizer and is scattered into a plough layer, and the dosage per mu is 10 kg; in the plant growth period, the microbial soil conditioner and fine soil are mixed and then are mixed into an organic fertilizer to be used as a base fertilizer for hole application or an additional fertilizer, and the dosage per mu is 10 kg; after harvesting in late autumn, the novel disease and pest prevention soil conditioner and the straw which is returned to the field are mixed and thrown in cultivated land, and the dosage per mu is 10 kg.

A sample to be tested: the novel soil conditioner for controlling plant diseases and insect pests prepared in example 1; seeds of crops such as wheat, soybean, corn and sorghum.

The test method comprises the following steps: in the test, crops such as wheat, soybean, corn, sorghum and the like are respectively cultivated in a pot in a greenhouse for carrying out a cultivation test with diseases.

The specific test steps are explained in detail by taking sorghum as a potted plant cultivation experimental object:

(1) grinding sorghum suffering from gray mold, and mixing the ground sorghum with nutrient soil according to the weight ratio of 1:50 to obtain a bacterial soil mixture.

(2) The microbial soil conditioner prepared in the example 1 is added into the first, second and third groups of the microbial soil conditioner which are divided into 4 groups, 1 part of the novel disease and pest preventing soil conditioner is added into 50 parts of the microbial soil conditioner, and the mixture is uniformly mixed. And the fourth group does not add any novel disease and pest prevention soil conditioner and other substances and is used as a control.

(3) 50 sorghum seeds are respectively sown in the four groups, and after sprouting for two days, seedlings in each group are thinned, and 36 seedlings are remained.

(4) Four groups of sorghum are cultured in a greenhouse, the photoperiod is no light for 8 hours after 16 hours of light irradiation, after 6 weeks of cultivation under the conditions that the relative humidity is 70% and the room temperature of the greenhouse is 30 ℃, the sorghum is collected with roots, root soil is removed to measure the incidence of root rot, the plant height and the fresh weight of the overground part of the plant are measured, the mean value and the standard error are calculated, statistically difference significant analysis is carried out by a single-factor variance analysis method, and when the P is set to be less than 0.05, significant difference exists.

And (3) test results: the test result is shown in figure 3, the incidence rate of root rot of the first, second and third groups of sorghum is 68-72%, and the incidence rate of root rot of the fourth group of sorghum is 100%; therefore, compared with a disease control group (a fourth group), the first, second and third groups of the novel disease and pest prevention soil conditioner are applied, so that the disease incidence rate of the sorghum root rot is remarkably reduced; meanwhile, the sorghum plant height and fresh weight applied with the microbial soil conditioner are obviously increased compared with the disease group; and there is no significant difference between the first, second and third groups. Meanwhile, in the embodiment, the experimental steps are utilized to respectively perform a root rot disease cultivation test on crops such as wheat, soybean and corn, the experimental results are shown in fig. 4, fig. 5 and fig. 6, and the results are basically consistent with the experimental results of the sorghum serving as the experimental object.

Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove by way of general description, specific embodiments and experiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications and improvements can be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims

1. The preparation method of the novel disease and pest prevention soil conditioner is characterized by comprising the following steps: the soil conditioner is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 15-25% of EM engineering bacteria, 10-30% of organic fertilizer, 10-20% of chalk soil, 10-20% of potassium feldspar, 10-20% of biochar and 5-15% of hydroxyethyl cellulose-sodium alginate hydrogel;

the structural formula of the hydroxyethyl cellulose-sodium alginate is shown as the formula (I):

wherein n is 20-50; m is 20-50;

the preparation method of the novel disease and pest prevention soil conditioner comprises the following steps:

2. The application of the novel soil conditioner for preventing diseases and insect pests is characterized in that the soil conditioner is used for improving soil with serious underground diseases and insect pests, high content of pathogenic microorganisms and harmful substances and low fertility.

3. The application of the novel soil conditioner for preventing diseases and insect pests as claimed in claim 2, wherein the conditioner can immobilize EM engineering bacteria.