WO2023137694A1 - 行星齿轮减速器及车辆驱动装置 - Google Patents

行星齿轮减速器及车辆驱动装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023137694A1
WO2023137694A1 PCT/CN2022/073136 CN2022073136W WO2023137694A1 WO 2023137694 A1 WO2023137694 A1 WO 2023137694A1 CN 2022073136 W CN2022073136 W CN 2022073136W WO 2023137694 A1 WO2023137694 A1 WO 2023137694A1
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Prior art keywords
exhaust
reducer
cavity
planetary gear
chamber
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PCT/CN2022/073136
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
蔡向阳
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舍弗勒技术股份两合公司
蔡向阳
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Application filed by 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司, 蔡向阳 filed Critical 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/073136 priority Critical patent/WO2023137694A1/zh
Priority to CN202280070853.5A priority patent/CN118159758A/zh
Publication of WO2023137694A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023137694A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/28—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
    • F16H57/027—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein characterised by means for venting gearboxes, e.g. air breathers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/08—General details of gearing of gearings with members having orbital motion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of vehicle drive mechanisms, in particular to a planetary gear reducer and a vehicle drive device.
  • a conventional speed reducer includes a housing 10 , an exhaust valve 20 , a shield 30 and a gear 40 .
  • the lubricating oil O can be splashed to the parts that need to be lubricated by the rotation of the gear 40 , and then the lubricating oil O flows back to the bottom of the casing 10 under the action of gravity.
  • the exhaust valve 20 is installed on the top of the housing 10 away from the splashing range of the lubricating oil O, and the shielding part 30 can prevent the lubricating oil O from splashing to the exhaust valve 20 .
  • the expanded air may exit the housing 10 through the exhaust valve 20 .
  • the above-mentioned ventilation structure is not suitable for the planetary gear reducer.
  • the lubricating oil When the gear rotates at high speed, the lubricating oil will form an oil ring along the casing, and the exhaust valve will be blocked by the lubricating oil.
  • Chinese patent application CN107882970A discloses a planetary gear box, the exhaust hole of which is located at the axis of the gear box. Due to the low position of the vent hole, there may be problems with insufficient protection level, such as when the vehicle is wading.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome or at least alleviate the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, and to provide a planetary gear reducer capable of discharging the expansion gas in the casing.
  • the present invention provides a planetary gear reducer, including a housing and a partition, the housing defines at least a part of the reducer chamber and at least a part of the exhaust chamber, the reducer chamber and the exhaust chamber are separated by the partition, and the exhaust chamber is located in the upper half of the housing,
  • the housing and/or the separator is provided with at least one opening communicating with the reducer chamber and the exhaust chamber, and the exhaust chamber is provided with an exhaust hole, and the exhaust hole communicates the exhaust chamber with the outside of the housing.
  • the position of the exhaust hole is higher than the position of the opening.
  • a spoiler is provided in the exhaust cavity, and the spoiler is located between the opening and the exhaust hole.
  • the housing and/or the separator is provided with an inlet and an outlet communicating with the reducer chamber and the exhaust chamber,
  • the lubricating oil can enter the exhaust chamber from the reducer cavity through the inlet, and enter the reducer cavity from the exhaust cavity through the outlet.
  • the exhaust cavity is located directly above the central axis of the reducer, and the exhaust cavity is fan-shaped extending along the circumference of the housing.
  • the inlet and the outlet are located at both ends of the exhaust cavity in the circumferential direction, and the exhaust hole is located between the inlet and the outlet.
  • the spoiler includes strip-shaped or sheet-shaped ribs extending along the radial direction of the casing.
  • the spoiler includes a Y-shaped rib located around the vent hole to prevent lubricating oil in the speed reducer from reaching the vent hole.
  • the vent hole is located at the top of the highest portion of the vent chamber.
  • the present invention also provides a vehicle drive device, which includes the planetary gear reducer described in any one of the above technical solutions.
  • the present invention prevents the oil ring formed by the speed reducer from blocking the exhaust port, so that the high-temperature expansion gas in the casing can be discharged through the exhaust port.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a conventional speed reducer.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a vehicle drive device including a planetary gear reducer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a partially enlarged view of FIG. 2 .
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a housing and a partition of a vehicle driving device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of a vehicle drive device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of a housing of a vehicle drive device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 shows a partially enlarged view of FIG. 6 .
  • Fig. 8 shows a schematic diagram of the planetary gear reducer according to the embodiment of the present invention when it is stationary or running at low speed.
  • Fig. 9 shows a schematic diagram of the planetary gear reducer operating at high speed according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the circumferential direction C refers to the circumferential direction of the vehicle drive device/reducer
  • the radial direction R refers to the radial direction of the vehicle drive device/reducer
  • the axial direction A refers to the axial direction of the vehicle drive device/reducer.
  • the circumferential direction of the vehicle driving device/reducer is consistent with the casing of the vehicle driving device/reducer and the circumferential direction of the planetary gear set;
  • the radial direction of the vehicle driving device/reducer is consistent with the radial direction of the casing of the vehicle driving device/reducer and the planetary gear set;
  • the axial direction of the vehicle driving device/reducer is consistent with the axial direction of the casing of the vehicle driving device/reducer and the planetary gear set.
  • the present invention provides a planetary gear reducer and a vehicle drive device including the planetary gear reducer and a motor.
  • the vehicle drive can be, for example, a wheel hub drive.
  • the motor and the planetary gear reducer can be arranged coaxially, and the planetary gear reducer can output the power of the motor to the wheels.
  • a vehicle including the vehicle drive device may be a pure electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.
  • the electric motor and planetary gear reducer are housed in the housing of the vehicle drive.
  • the part of the planetary gear reducer will be mainly described, therefore, the housing of the vehicle driving device or a part of the housing of the vehicle driving device will also be referred to as the housing of the planetary gear reducer.
  • the housing 1 of the planetary gear reducer is not limited to be used only for enclosing the planetary gear reducer.
  • the planetary gear reducer includes a housing 1, a gear set 2 and a separator 3.
  • the housing 1 has a reducer cavity 11 and an exhaust cavity 12.
  • the gear set 2 is located in the reducer cavity 11, and the reducer cavity 11 also has lubricating oil O.
  • the casing 1 here has a reducer cavity 11 and an exhaust cavity 12, which is not necessarily limited to the casing 1 itself defining the entire reducer cavity 11 or the entire exhaust cavity 12, and the casing 1 can also define at least a part of the reducer cavity 11 or at least a part of the exhaust cavity 12.
  • the casing 1 can define a reducer cavity 11 together with other components such as a cover plate or a hub, and the casing 1 can define an exhaust cavity 12 together with a partition plate 3 and the like.
  • the gear set 2 includes a planetary gear set including a sun gear 21 , a ring gear 22 , planetary gears 23 and a planetary carrier 24 .
  • lubricating oil O gathers at the bottom of the reducer chamber 11 under the action of gravity, and the lubricating oil O can submerge some components of the gear set 2 .
  • the lubricating oil O can be driven by the gear set 2 to form an oil ring in the reducer chamber under centrifugal action.
  • the partition 3 is disposed between the reducer chamber 11 and the exhaust chamber 12 , in other words, the reducer chamber 11 is located on one side of the partition 3 , and the exhaust chamber 12 is located on the other side of the partition 3 .
  • the exhaust cavity 12 may be represented as a cavity recessed from the surface 14 of the housing 1 facing the planetary gear set in the axial direction A away from the planetary gear set.
  • the separator 3 can be connected to the housing 1 by means of welding, clamping, screwing and the like.
  • the present invention does not exclude the solution that the partition plate 3 and the casing 1 are integrally formed.
  • the surface of the separator plate 3 facing the planetary gear set may be substantially flush with the surface 14 or further from the planetary gear set than the surface 14 . In this way, the amount of liquid oil entering the exhaust chamber 12 from the inlet described later can be reduced.
  • the exhaust chamber 12 may be located at the upper half of the side wall of the housing 1 , the housing 1 may include a cylindrical portion, and the exhaust chamber 12 is located above the axis of the housing 1 .
  • the exhaust chamber 12 can be located directly above the central axis of the reducer, and the exhaust chamber 12 can be fan-shaped extending along the circumferential direction C of the housing 1 , and the axis of the fan is the same as the axis of the sun gear in the gear set 2 .
  • the speed reducer is running at high speed, the oil liquid entering the exhaust chamber 12 changes the original circular motion track described later due to the reduction of pressure, and the oil liquid flows downward in the exhaust chamber 12 .
  • the reducer is at rest, the liquid level of the lubricating oil is below the exhaust chamber 12 , and the lubricating oil will not enter the exhaust chamber 12 .
  • the casing 1 and/or the separator 3 is provided with at least one opening communicating the reducer cavity 11 and the exhaust cavity 12 , and the position of the exhaust hole 13 can be higher than the position of the opening, so as to prevent lubricating oil from reaching the exhaust hole 13 .
  • the speed reducer operates at high speed, high-temperature expanded gas can enter the exhaust chamber 12 through the opening and be discharged from the housing through the exhaust hole 13 . After the oil enters the exhaust chamber 12 from the opening, it can flow back to the reducer chamber 11 from the opening under the action of gravity due to the decrease in pressure.
  • the exhaust chamber 12 is provided with an inlet 31 and an outlet 32 , and the inlet 31 and the outlet 32 communicate the reducer chamber 11 with the exhaust chamber 12 .
  • the inlet 31 and the outlet 32 may be located at both ends of the exhaust cavity 12 in the circumferential direction C, and the positions of the inlet 31 and the outlet 32 may be located at the same height.
  • the oil can enter the exhaust chamber 12 through the inlet 31 and be discharged from the exhaust chamber 12 through the outlet 32, so as to prevent the accumulation of oil in the exhaust chamber 12 and keep the exhaust hole 13 unblocked.
  • the above-mentioned inlet 31 and outlet 32 can be formed or reserved by making the circumferential length of the partition plate 3 smaller than that of the exhaust chamber 12.
  • the casing 1 is provided with an exhaust hole 13 , and the exhaust hole 13 can communicate the reducer chamber 11 with the outside of the casing 1 .
  • the exhaust hole 13 may be located between the inlet 31 and the outlet 32 .
  • the exhaust hole 13 can be equipped with an exhaust valve. When the exhaust valve is opened, the exhaust chamber 12 communicates with the outside of the housing 1; when the exhaust valve is closed, the exhaust chamber 12 is separated from the outside of the housing 1.
  • the exhaust valve can be a normally open valve or a normally closed valve. When the exhaust valve is a normally closed valve, the exhaust valve may be opened in response to a pressure rise in the planetary gear reducer.
  • the position of the exhaust hole 13 can be higher than that of the inlet 31, so as to prevent the lubricating oil from being thrown to the exhaust hole 13 under centrifugal action.
  • the position of the exhaust hole 13 is higher than that of the outlet 32 , and the lubricating oil entering the exhaust cavity 12 can flow downward under the action of gravity so as to flow back from the exhaust cavity 12 to the reducer cavity 11 through the outlet 32 instead of flowing to the exhaust hole 13 .
  • the position of the exhaust hole 13 is higher than the highest point of the inlet 31 and the highest point of the outlet 32 .
  • the exhaust hole 13 can be opened on the top of the highest part of the exhaust cavity 12 .
  • the height difference between the exhaust hole 13 and the inlet 31 is related to the maximum operating speed of the reducer.
  • the positions of the exhaust cavity 12 and the exhaust hole 13 are relatively high, and are not located at the rotating shaft, so it is easy to meet the requirements of the degree of protection (IP).
  • a spoiler 121 can be provided in the exhaust cavity 12, and the spoiler 121 is located between the opening and the exhaust hole 13, and the spoiler 121 can play a role of turbulence, buffering, deceleration, and blocking to the flow of the lubricating oil in the exhaust cavity 12, so as to prevent the lubricating oil flowing into the exhaust cavity 12 from flowing out of the exhaust hole 13 under the centrifugal force.
  • multiple spoilers 121 may be provided, and the multiple spoilers 121 may be located between the inlet 31 and the outlet 32 .
  • the spoiler 121 may be represented as a rib protruding from the bottom surface of the exhaust cavity 12 (the surface facing the partition 3 ) toward the partition 3 , and the rib may extend along the radial direction R or the vertical direction.
  • the plurality of spoilers 121 may define a plurality of recessed regions in the exhaust cavity 12 .
  • the spoiler 121 may be disposed between the inlet 31 and the exhaust hole 13 .
  • the spoiler 121 may also be disposed between the outlet 32 and the exhaust hole 13 .
  • the spoiler 121 includes strip-shaped or sheet-shaped ribs extending along the radial direction R of the casing 1 .
  • the spoiler 121 may include ribs with a Y-shaped cross section, and the Y-shaped spoiler 121 may enclose a small recessed area in the exhaust cavity 12, and the vent hole 13 leads to this small recessed area, so as to better prevent lubricating oil from flowing out of the housing 1 through the vent hole 13.
  • the lubricating oil O when the reducer is running at high speed, the lubricating oil O can be driven by the gear set 2 to form an oil liquid ring in the reducer cavity under centrifugal action, and the oil liquid ring is attached to the peripheral wall of the reducer cavity. In the central area of the reducer cavity, high-temperature expansion gas can be formed in the space surrounded by the oil ring. Under centrifugal action, the lubricating oil can enter the exhaust chamber 12 from the reducer chamber 11 through the inlet 31, and in the exhaust chamber 12, the lubricating oil can flow downward under the action of gravity due to the reduction in pressure so as to flow back from the exhaust chamber 12 to the reducer chamber 11 through the outlet 32.
  • the high-temperature expanded gas can enter the exhaust chamber 12 from the reducer chamber 11 via the inlet 31 and the outlet 32 .
  • Lubricating oil circulates at a high speed between the reducer cavity 11 and the exhaust cavity 12 , the exhaust hole 13 will not be blocked by the lubricating oil, and the high-temperature expansion gas can be discharged from the casing 1 through the exhaust hole 13 .
  • This can significantly reduce the pressure of the gas in the reducer cavity 11, make the sealing device (including but not limited to the sealing device for isolating the reducer cavity and the motor cavity) work better, improve the life of the sealing device, and prevent oil leakage.
  • the inlet and outlet are only the oil inlet or outlet in a certain operating state of the planetary gear reducer.
  • the operating state of the planetary gear reducer changes (for example, the vehicle switches from the forward state to the reverse/reverse state)
  • the functions of the inlet and the outlet can be interchanged.
  • the exhaust hole 13 is located between the inlet 31 and the outlet 32 .
  • the middle of the inlet and the outlet here can also be expressed as between the inlet and the outlet, and the middle of the inlet and the outlet here need not be the center or the exact center of the inlet and the outlet, as long as the position of the exhaust hole is higher than the inlet and the outlet.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Details Of Gearings (AREA)

Abstract

一种行星齿轮减速器，包括壳体（1）和隔板（3），壳体（1）限定出减速器腔（11）的至少一部分和排气腔（12）的至少一部分，减速器腔（11）和排气腔（12）被隔板（3）隔开，排气腔（12）位于壳体（1）的上半部分，壳体（1）和/或隔板（3）设置有连通减速器腔（11）和排气腔（12）的至少一个开口，排气腔（12）设置有排气孔（13），排气孔（13）使排气腔（12）和壳体（1）的外界连通。还提供一种车辆驱动装置。

Description

行星齿轮减速器及车辆驱动装置 技术领域
本发明涉及车辆驱动机构领域，特别地涉及一种行星齿轮减速器及车辆驱动装置。
背景技术
为了使减速器在传动中保持内部压力在能够满足油密封的范围内，减速器设置有通风结构。如图1所示，传统的减速器包括壳体10、排气阀20、遮挡部30和齿轮40。通过齿轮40转动可以将润滑油O飞溅到需要润滑的部位，然后润滑油O在重力作用下流回到壳体10的底部。排气阀20安装在壳体10的顶部，远离润滑油O的飞溅范围，并且遮挡部30可以阻挡润滑油O飞溅到排气阀20。在壳体10内的温度升高时，膨胀空气可通过排气阀20排出壳体10。
但是上述通风结构对于行星齿轮减速器不适用，齿轮高速转动时润滑油会沿壳体形成一个油环，排气阀被润滑油堵住，在离心作用下，润滑油通过排气阀泄漏，膨胀空气难以通过排气阀排出。
中国专利申请CN107882970A公开了一种行星齿轮变速箱，其排气孔位于齿轮箱的轴心位置。由于其排气孔位置较低，可能存在防护等级不够的问题，例如在车辆涉水时。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服或至少减轻上述现有技术存在的不足，提供一种能够排出壳体内的膨胀气体的行星齿轮减速器。
本发明提供一种行星齿轮减速器，包括壳体和隔板，所述壳体限定出减速器腔的至少一部分和排气腔的至少一部分，所述减速器腔和所述排气腔被 所述隔板隔开，所述排气腔位于所述壳体的上半部分，
所述壳体和/或所述隔板设置有连通所述减速器腔和所述排气腔的至少一个开口，所述排气腔设置有排气孔，所述排气孔使所述排气腔和所述壳体的外界连通。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述排气孔的位置高于所述开口的位置。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述排气腔内设置有扰流部，所述扰流部位于所述开口和所述排气孔之间。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述壳体和/或所述隔板设置有连通所述减速器腔和所述排气腔的进口和出口，
在所述减速器运转而使其内的润滑油形成油环时，所述润滑油能够经由所述进口由所述减速器腔进入所述排气腔，并且经由所述出口由所述排气腔进入所述减速器腔。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述排气腔位于所述减速器的中心轴线的正上方，所述排气腔为沿所述壳体的周向延伸的扇形。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述进口和所述出口位于所述排气腔的周向上的两端部，所述排气孔位于所述进口和所述出口之间。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述扰流部包括沿所述壳体的径向延伸的条状或片状肋。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述扰流部包括位于所述排气孔的周围以阻止所述减速器内的润滑油到达所述排气孔的Y字形的肋。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述排气孔位于所述排气腔的最高部分的顶部。
本发明还提供一种车辆驱动装置，所述车辆驱动装置包括上述技术方案中任一项所述的行星齿轮减速器。
通过采用上述技术方案，本发明使减速器在运转时形成的油环不会堵住排气口，从而壳体内的高温膨胀气体能够经由排气口排出。
附图说明
图1示出了一种传统的减速器的结构示意图。
图2示出了根据本发明的实施方式的包括行星齿轮减速器的车辆驱动装置的剖视图。
图3示出了图2的局部放大图。
图4示出了根据本发明的实施方式的车辆驱动装置的壳体和隔板的结构示意图。
图5示出了根据本发明的实施方式的车辆驱动装置的局部放大剖视图。
图6示出了根据本发明的实施方式的车辆驱动装置的壳体的结构示意图。
图7示出了图6的局部放大图。
图8示出了根据本发明的实施方式的行星齿轮减速器在静止或低速运转时的示意图。
图9示出了根据本发明的实施方式的行星齿轮减速器在高速运转时的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图描述本发明的示例性实施方式。
在下面的描述中，如果没有特别说明，周向C是指车辆驱动装置/减速器的周向，径向R是指车辆驱动装置/减速器的径向，轴向A是指车辆驱动装置/减速器的轴向。车辆驱动装置/减速器的周向与车辆驱动装置/减速器的壳体、行星齿轮组的周向一致，车辆驱动装置/减速器的径向与车辆驱动装置/减速 器的壳体、行星齿轮组的径向一致，车辆驱动装置/减速器的轴向与车辆驱动装置/减速器的壳体、行星齿轮组的轴向一致。
参照图2至图9，本发明提供一种行星齿轮减速器及包括该行星齿轮减速器、电机的车辆驱动装置。该车辆驱动装置可以例如是轮毂驱动装置。在该车辆驱动装置中，电机和行星齿轮减速器可以同轴布置，行星齿轮减速器可以将电机的动力输出到车轮。包括该车辆驱动装置的车辆可以是纯电动车辆或混合动力车辆。
电机和行星齿轮减速器被封装在车辆驱动装置的壳体内。下面，主要描述行星齿轮减速器部分，因此，也会将车辆驱动装置的壳体或车辆驱动装置的壳体的一部分称为行星齿轮减速器的壳体。可以理解，该行星齿轮减速器的壳体1不限于仅用于封装行星齿轮减速器。
该行星齿轮减速器包括壳体1、齿轮组2和隔板3，壳体1具有减速器腔11和排气腔12，齿轮组2位于减速器腔11，减速器腔11还具有润滑油O。
可以理解，这里的壳体1具有减速器腔11和排气腔12并不必须限制于壳体1自身限定出整个减速器腔11或整个排气腔12，还可以是壳体1限定出减速器腔11的至少一部分或排气腔12的至少一部分。例如，参照图2，壳体1可以和盖板或轮毂等其它构件一起限定出减速器腔11，壳体1可以和隔板3等一起限定出排气腔12。
如图8和图9所示，齿轮组2包括行星齿轮组，其包括太阳轮21、齿圈22、行星齿轮23和行星架24。如图8所示，当减速器静止或低速运转时，润滑油O在重力的作用下聚集在减速器腔11的底部，润滑油O可以没过齿轮组2的部分部件。如图9所示，当减速器高速运转时，润滑油O可以被齿轮组2带动在离心作用下在减速器腔形成油液环。
如图2至图7所示，隔板3设置于减速器腔11和排气腔12之间，换言之， 减速器腔11位于隔板3的一侧，排气腔12位于隔板3的另一侧。
参照图4和图6，排气腔12可以表现为从壳体1的朝向行星齿轮组的表面14沿轴向A远离行星齿轮组凹陷的凹腔。隔板3可以通过焊接、卡接、螺纹连接等方式连接到壳体1。当然，本发明不排除隔板3和壳体1一体形成的方案。
隔板3的朝向行星齿轮组的表面可以与表面14大致齐平或者比表面14远离行星齿轮组。这样，可以减少液油从后述的进口进入排气腔12的量。
排气腔12可以位于壳体1的侧壁的上半部分，壳体1可以包括筒状部，排气腔12位于壳体1的轴线上方。
排气腔12可以位于减速器的中心轴线的正上方，排气腔12可以为沿壳体1的周向C延伸的扇形，扇形的轴线与齿轮组2中太阳轮的轴线相同。当减速器高速运转时，进入排气腔12的油液由于压力的减小改变了后述的原本环状的运动轨迹，油液在排气腔12向下流。在减速器静止时，润滑油的液面位于排气腔12之下，润滑油不会进入排气腔12。
壳体1和/或隔板3设置有连通减速器腔11和排气腔12的至少一个开口，排气孔13的位置可以高于该开口的位置，从而避免润滑油到达排气孔13。当减速器高速运转时，高温膨胀气体可以经由该开口进入排气腔12并从排气孔13排出壳体。而油液从该开口进入排气腔12后由于压力的减小可以在重力的作用下再从该开口回流到减速器腔11。
可选地，排气腔12设置有进口31和出口32，进口31和出口32使减速器腔11和排气腔12连通。进口31和出口32可以位于排气腔12的周向C上的两端部，进口31的位置和出口32的位置可以位于相同的高度。油液可以经由进口31进入排气腔12，经由出口32从排气腔12排出，避免油液在排气腔12积存，进而保持排气孔13畅通。
如图4所示，可以通过使隔板3的周向长度小于排气腔12的周向长度来形 成或留出上述进口31和出口32。
壳体1设置有排气孔13，排气孔13可以使减速器腔11和壳体1的外界连通。在周向C上，排气孔13可以位于进口31和出口32中间。排气孔13可以安装有排气阀，在排气阀打开时，排气腔12与壳体1的外界连通；在排气阀关闭时，排气腔12与壳体1的外界隔开。排气阀可以是常开阀也可以是常闭阀。在排气阀为常闭阀时，排气阀可以响应于行星齿轮减速器内的压力升高而打开。
排气孔13的位置可以高于进口31的位置，从而避免润滑油在离心作用下被甩到排气孔13。排气孔13的位置高于出口32的位置，进入排气腔12的润滑油可以在重力的作用下向下流从而经由出口32从排气腔12回流到减速器腔11，而不会流向排气孔13。
更具体的，排气孔13的位置高于进口31的最高点的位置和出口32的最高点的位置。排气孔13可以开设于排气腔12的最高部分的顶部。
可选地，可以存在连接排气孔13和排气腔12的通道。
可以理解，排气孔13和进口31的高度差与减速器的最高运转速度有关，减速器的设计最高运转速度越大，排气孔13和进口31的高度差也要设计得越大，从而更好地避免润滑油被甩到排气孔13。排气腔12和排气孔13的位置较高，不位于转轴处，因此容易满足防护等级(IP)要求。
如图3、图6和图7所示，排气腔12内可以设置有扰流部121，扰流部121位于开口和排气孔13之间，扰流部121可以对排气腔12内的润滑油的流动起到扰流、缓冲减速、阻挡的作用，避免流进排气腔12的润滑油在离心作用下顺势从排气孔13流出。
在本实施方式中，扰流部121可以设置有多个，多个扰流部121可以位于进口31和出口32之间。扰流部121可以表现为从排气腔12的底面(朝向隔板3 的面)朝向隔板3凸出的肋，该肋可以沿着径向R或上下方向延伸。多个扰流部121可以在排气腔12中划分出多个凹陷区域。
特别的，扰流部121可以设置在进口31和排气孔13之间。扰流部121还可以设置在出口32和排气孔13之间。
可选的，扰流部121包括沿壳体1的径向R延伸的条状或片状肋。进一步的，扰流部121可以包括横截面为Y字形的肋，Y字形的扰流部121可以在排气腔12内围成较小的凹陷区域，并且排气孔13通向这个较小的凹陷区域，从而更好地阻挡润滑油经排气孔13流出壳体1。
参照图2、图3和图8，当减速器静止或低速运转时，减速器腔底部的润滑油O的液面大致水平，此时齿轮组2的一部分可以位于润滑油O的液面以下，排气腔12位于润滑油O的液面以上。
参照图2、图3和图9，当减速器高速运转时，润滑油O可以被齿轮组2带动在离心作用下在减速器腔形成油液环，油液环贴着减速器腔的周壁。在减速器腔的中心区域，油液环围成的空间内可以形成高温膨胀气体。在离心作用下，润滑油可以经由进口31从减速器腔11进入排气腔12，在排气腔12润滑油由于压力的减小可以在重力的作用下向下流从而经由出口32从排气腔12回流到减速器腔11。高温膨胀气体可以经由进口31和出口32从减速器腔11进入排气腔12。润滑油在减速器腔11和排气腔12之间高速地循环流动，排气孔13不会被润滑油堵住，高温膨胀气体可以经由排气孔13排出壳体1。这可以显著降低减速器腔11内的气体的压力，使密封装置(包括但不限于用于隔离减速器腔和电机腔的密封装置)更好地工作，提高密封装置的寿命，防止油液泄漏。
可以理解，参照图4，从减速器腔11向排气腔沿轴向A观察，如果在减速器运转时，齿轮组2(行星架)沿图4的顺时针方向旋转，油液也是顺时针流 动的，出口32位于进口31的下游侧。如果减速器运转时，齿轮组(行星架)沿图4的逆时针方向旋转，那么出口32位于进口31的上游侧，此时，油液会从出口32进入排气腔12，从进口31流出排气腔12。
可以理解，这里的进口和出口仅是行星齿轮减速器某一运行状态下的油液进口或出口，在行星齿轮减速器的运行状态发生改变(例如，车辆由前进状态切换到后退/倒车状态)时，进口和出口的作用可以互换。
当然，本发明不限于上述实施方式，本领域技术人员在本发明的教导下可以对本发明的上述实施方式做出各种变型，而不脱离本发明的范围。
在上述实施方式中，排气孔13位于进口31和出口32中间。可以理解，这里的进口和出口中间还可以表述为进口和出口之间，这里的进口和出口中间不必是进口和出口的中央或正中央，只要使排气孔的位置高于进口和出口即可。
虽使用上述实施方式对本发明进行了详细说明，但对于本领域技术人员来说，本发明显然并不限于在本说明书中说明的实施方式。本发明能够在不脱离由权利要求书所确定的本发明的主旨以及范围的前提下加以修改并作为变更实施方式加以实施。因此，本说明书中的记载以示例说明为目的，对于本发明并不具有任何限制性的含义。
附图标记列表
10壳体 20排气阀 30遮挡部 40齿轮
1壳体 11减速器腔 12排气腔 121扰流部 13排气孔 14表面
2齿轮组 21太阳轮 22齿圈 23行星齿轮 24行星架
3隔板 31进口 32出口
O润滑油
A轴向 R径向 C周向

Claims (10)

  1. 一种行星齿轮减速器，其特征在于，包括壳体(1)和隔板(3)，所述壳体(1)限定出减速器腔(11)的至少一部分和排气腔(12)的至少一部分，所述减速器腔(11)和所述排气腔(12)被所述隔板(3)隔开，所述排气腔(12)位于所述壳体(1)的上半部分，
    所述壳体(1)和/或所述隔板(3)设置有连通所述减速器腔(11)和所述排气腔(12)的至少一个开口，所述排气腔(12)设置有排气孔(13)，所述排气孔(13)使所述排气腔(12)和所述壳体(1)的外界连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的行星齿轮减速器，其特征在于，所述排气孔(13)的位置高于所述开口的位置。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的行星齿轮减速器，其特征在于，所述排气腔(12)内设置有扰流部(121)，所述扰流部(121)位于所述开口和所述排气孔(13)之间。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的行星齿轮减速器，其特征在于，所述壳体(1)和/或所述隔板(3)设置有连通所述减速器腔(11)和所述排气腔(12)的进口(31)和出口(32)，
    在所述减速器运转而使其内的润滑油形成油环时，所述润滑油能够经由所述进口(31)由所述减速器腔(11)进入所述排气腔(12)，并且经由所述出口(32)由所述排气腔(12)进入所述减速器腔(11)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的行星齿轮减速器，其特征在于，所述排气腔(12)位于所述减速器的中心轴线的正上方，所述排气腔(12)为沿所述壳体(1)的周向(C)延伸的扇形。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的行星齿轮减速器，其特征在于，所述进口(31)和所述出口(32)位于所述排气腔(12)的周向(C)上的两端部，所述排气孔(13)位于所述进口(31)和所述出口(32)之间。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的行星齿轮减速器，其特征在于，所述扰流部(121)包括沿所述壳体(1)的径向(R)延伸的条状或片状肋。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的行星齿轮减速器，其特征在于，所述扰流部(121)包括位于所述排气孔(13)的周围以阻止所述减速器内的润滑油到达所述排气孔(13)的Y字形的肋。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的行星齿轮减速器，其特征在于，所述排气孔(13)位于所述排气腔(12)的最高部分的顶部。
  10. 一种车辆驱动装置，其特征在于，所述车辆驱动装置包括权利要求1至9中任一项所述的行星齿轮减速器。
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