WO2023131178A1 - 电池模块、电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池模块、电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023131178A1
WO2023131178A1 PCT/CN2023/070409 CN2023070409W WO2023131178A1 WO 2023131178 A1 WO2023131178 A1 WO 2023131178A1 CN 2023070409 W CN2023070409 W CN 2023070409W WO 2023131178 A1 WO2023131178 A1 WO 2023131178A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
battery module
protection
protection part
pressure relief
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/070409
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴少基
陈世龙
沈聃
陈小波
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to KR1020247008371A priority Critical patent/KR20240046235A/ko
Publication of WO2023131178A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023131178A1/zh
Priority to US18/408,265 priority patent/US20240145852A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H01M50/358—External gas exhaust passages located on the battery cover or case
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular, to a battery module, a battery and an electrical device.
  • the battery is composed of a case body and a plurality of battery modules accommodated in the case body, and the battery module is composed of a plurality of battery cells.
  • batteries as the core components of new energy vehicles, have higher requirements in terms of safety.
  • the safety performance of the battery module has gradually become the focus of attention in the industry.
  • the battery module in the prior art is very likely to cause the battery to catch fire when the battery unit is thermally out of control, which leads to a large fire during the use of the battery. Potential safety hazards are not conducive to the safety of consumers.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a battery module, a battery, and an electrical device, which can effectively reduce potential safety hazards existing in the use of the battery.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery module, including a first protective member and a plurality of battery cells; the plurality of battery cells are arranged along the first direction, and one end of the battery cells in the second direction is provided with The pressure relief mechanism, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, and the pressure relief mechanism is configured to release the internal pressure of the battery cell when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a threshold value;
  • the first protection part includes a first protection part , the first protection part covers one end of the plurality of battery cells provided with the pressure relief mechanism, and the first protection part is provided with a plurality of exhaust ports, and the exhaust ports and the pressure relief mechanism are arranged in dislocation in the second direction.
  • one end of the plurality of battery cells provided with the pressure relief mechanism in the second direction is covered with the first protective part of the first protective member, by opening a plurality of exhaust ports on the first protective part, and In the second direction, the exhaust port and the pressure relief mechanism of the battery cell are misaligned, so that when the battery cell has thermal runaway in the battery with this kind of battery module, the hot gas rushed out from the pressure relief mechanism can be preferentially protected by the first protection.
  • the plurality of exhaust ports includes at least one row of exhaust ports, and each row of exhaust ports includes a plurality of exhaust ports arranged at intervals along the first direction.
  • the plurality of vents includes a row of vents; in the first direction, one vent is provided between the pressure relief mechanisms of every two adjacent battery cells.
  • a row of exhaust ports is provided on the first protective part, and each exhaust port is arranged between the pressure relief mechanisms of two adjacent battery cells in the first direction, so that The dislocation setting of the exhaust port and the pressure relief mechanism in the second direction is realized, and the structure is simple and easy to realize.
  • the plurality of exhaust ports includes two rows of exhaust ports; the two rows of exhaust ports are respectively located on both sides of the pressure relief mechanism in a third direction, and the third direction is perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction.
  • the relief The pressure mechanism is located between the two rows of exhaust outlets, so that the exhaust outlets and the pressure relief mechanism are misplaced in the second direction, and the structure is simple and easy to realize.
  • the first protection part includes multiple layers of mica paper stacked, and the thickness of the first protection part is greater than or equal to 3 mm.
  • the first protective part made of mica paper can have a better flame-retardant effect, so as to reduce the impact of the high-temperature airflow that the first protective part rushes out of the pressure relief mechanism when the battery cell is thermally out of control.
  • the phenomenon of melting under impact can effectively alleviate the phenomenon of spontaneous combustion of the battery module.
  • it can play a better insulating role to achieve electrical insulation between the battery module and other components, thereby reducing the short circuit of the battery module. risks of.
  • the first protective part is formed by laminating multiple layers of mica paper, and the thickness of the laminate is not less than 3mm, so that the first protective part can have better impact resistance, so that the high-temperature airflow rushing out from the pressure relief mechanism can be relieved.
  • the risk of breaking or damaging the first protection part is beneficial to ensure the normal use of the first protection part.
  • the battery module has two opposite side plates in a third direction perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction; the first guard further includes two second guards, and in the third direction, two The second protection part is respectively connected to two ends of the first protection part, and the two second protection parts respectively cover the outer surfaces of the two side plates.
  • the battery module can be better protected, so as to further isolate the battery cells, so that through the second
  • the protection part can increase the creepage distance of the side plate of the battery module, and can effectively block the impact of the external high-temperature airflow on the insulating parts in the battery module, thereby helping to reduce the risk of insulation failure of the battery module, thereby increasing the battery module. safety of use.
  • the second protection part includes a first reinforcement board and a first protection layer arranged in a stack; the first protection layer is disposed on a side of the first reinforcement board away from the side board.
  • the second protection part is provided with a first reinforcement plate and a first protection layer. While the first protection layer can protect the side panels, the first reinforcement plate can improve the strength of the second protection part. Hardness and impact resistance, so as to facilitate the installation of the second protection part, and help to improve the stability of the second protection part covering the side plate.
  • the second protection part adopting this structure does not need to increase the thickness of the first protection layer, and the impact resistance of the first protection part can be ensured only through the first reinforcement plate, which is beneficial to reduce the manufacturing cost of the second protection part. cost.
  • the battery module has two opposite end plates in the first direction; the battery module further includes two second guards, the second guards are arranged corresponding to the end plates, and the second guards include a third guard part, at least part of the third guard part covers the outer surface of the end plate.
  • the battery module is also provided with a second guard, and the protection effect on the battery module can be further improved by covering the third guard part of the second guard on the outer surface of the end plate of the battery module, so as to pass through the third guard.
  • the three protection parts can increase the creepage distance of the end plate of the battery module, and can further block the impact of the external high-temperature airflow on the insulating parts in the battery module, thereby helping to reduce the risk of insulation failure of the battery module, thereby reducing the battery life. Potential safety hazards of the module during use.
  • the third protection part includes a second reinforcement plate and a second protection layer arranged in a stack; the second protection layer is disposed on a side of the second reinforcement plate away from the end plate.
  • the third protective part is provided with a second reinforcing plate and a second protective layer in a stacked arrangement. While the second protective layer can protect the end plate, the second reinforcing plate can improve the third protective plate.
  • the hardness and impact resistance of the protection part facilitates the installation of the third protection part and is beneficial to improving the stability of the third protection part covering the end plate.
  • the third protective part adopting this structure does not need to increase the thickness of the second protective layer, and the impact resistance of the third protective part can be guaranteed only through the second reinforcement plate, which is beneficial to reduce the manufacturing cost of the third protective part. cost.
  • the end plate includes a body part and a mounting part; the top of the body part in the second direction has a mounting surface; parts, the third protection part covers the installation surface.
  • the end plate needs to be installed with a conductive member for electrical connection with the battery cell, so that there is a gap between the installation part of the end plate on both sides in the third direction and the body part of the end plate, thus Covering the part of the third protection part on the installation surface of the body part where the notch should be located is beneficial to improve the protection effect on the end plate.
  • the battery module also has an insulating cover.
  • the insulating cover In the first direction, the insulating cover is arranged between the end plate and the plurality of battery cells, and the insulating cover has a blank area not blocked by the end plate; the second protection The component also includes a fourth protection part, at least part of the fourth protection part covers the blank area of the insulating cover.
  • the fourth protection part can protect the part of the insulation cover that is not shielded by the end plate, so as to reduce the impact of the insulation cover on the external high temperature airflow. Damage or melting occurs during impact, which can effectively reduce the risk of spontaneous combustion of the insulating cover on the one hand, and increase the creepage distance of the insulating cover on the other hand to improve the insulation effect of the insulating cover and alleviate the insulation of the insulating cover. In order to reduce the risk of high-voltage short-circuit arcing between the battery cell and the end plate.
  • the fourth protection part includes a third reinforcement board and a third protection layer arranged in a stack; the third protection layer is disposed on a side of the third reinforcement board away from the insulation cover.
  • the fourth protection part is provided with a third reinforcement plate and a third protection layer which are stacked. While the third protection layer can protect the insulating cover, the third reinforcement plate can improve the strength of the fourth protection layer.
  • the hardness and impact resistance of the protective part facilitates the installation of the fourth protective part and is beneficial to improving the stability of the fourth protective part covering the insulating cover.
  • the fourth protective part adopting this structure does not need to increase the thickness of the third protective layer, and the impact resistance of the fourth protective part can be ensured only through the third reinforcement plate, which is beneficial to reduce the manufacturing cost of the fourth protective part. cost.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a battery, including a case body and the above-mentioned battery module, and the battery module is accommodated in the case body.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides an electrical device, including the above-mentioned battery, and the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of the structure of the battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the structure of the battery module provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module (after removing the first protective member and the second protective member) provided by some embodiments of the present application;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the first protective member provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a first protective member provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view of the second guard portion of the first guard provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the second protective member and the end plate provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view of the third guard part of the second guard provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an end plate of a battery module provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 13 is an exploded view of the structure of the second protective member provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic structural view of the third guard part of the second guard provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 15 is a partial cross-sectional view of the fourth protection part of the second protection part provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Icons 1000-vehicle; 100-battery; 10-box; 11-first box body; 12-second box body; 20-battery module; 21-first protective piece; 211-first protective part; 2111- Exhaust port; 212-second protective part; 2121-first reinforcement plate; 2122-first protective layer; 2123-first adhesive layer; 22-battery unit; 221-pressure relief mechanism; 222-end cover; 23-side plate; 24-end plate; 241-body part; 2411-installation surface; 242-installation part; 25-shielding film; 26-insulation cover; - second reinforcing plate; 2712 - second protective layer; 2713 - second adhesive layer; 2714 - first part; 2715 - second part; 2716 - third part; 2717 - fourth part; 272 - fourth protective part ; 2721-the third reinforcement board; 2722-the third protective layer; 2723-the third adhesive layer;
  • connection In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms “installation”, “connection”, “connection” and “attachment” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be internal communication between two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application according to specific situations.
  • the same reference numerals represent the same components, and for the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions of the same components are omitted in different embodiments. It should be understood that the thickness, length, width and other dimensions of the various components in the embodiments of the application shown in the drawings, as well as the overall thickness, length and width of the integrated device, are for illustrative purposes only, and should not constitute any limitation to the application .
  • “Plurality” in this application refers to two or more (including two).
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, or magnesium-ion batteries, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell can be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and pouch battery cells, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack, and the like.
  • a battery generally includes a case for enclosing one or more battery cells or a plurality of battery modules. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes a casing, an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the casing is used to accommodate the electrode assembly and the electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly consists of a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and a separator.
  • a battery cell works primarily by moving metal ions between the positive and negative pole pieces.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode collector without the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer. Fluid, the positive electrode current collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer is used as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode collector without the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer. Fluid, the negative electrode current collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer is used as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon. In order to ensure that a large current is passed without fusing, the number of positive pole tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative pole tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film may be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene).
  • the electrode assembly may be a wound structure or a laminated structure, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery is composed of a case body and a plurality of battery modules accommodated in the case body, and the battery module is composed of a plurality of battery cells.
  • the battery has high requirements in terms of safety. Therefore, the safety performance of the battery module determines the safety of the battery during use.
  • the battery module includes the first protective part and a plurality of battery cells, the plurality of battery cells are arranged along the first direction, and each battery cell has a pressure relief mechanism at one end in the second direction, and the first protection member has a pressure relief mechanism for moving in the second direction
  • the first protection portion covering one end of the plurality of battery cells is provided with a plurality of exhaust ports, and each exhaust port and each pressure relief mechanism are arranged in a dislocation in the second direction.
  • one end of a plurality of battery cells provided with a pressure relief mechanism in the second direction is covered with the first protective part of the first protective member, and by opening a plurality of rows on the first protective part In the second direction, the exhaust port is misplaced with the pressure relief mechanism of the battery cell, so that the hot gas from the pressure relief mechanism of the battery cell can be preferentially blocked by the first protection part when thermal runaway occurs.
  • the batteries disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used, but not limited to, in electric devices such as vehicles, ships or aircrafts.
  • the power supply system comprising the battery module and battery disclosed in this application can be used to form the power device, which is beneficial to alleviate the damage or melting of the battery box or other components, so as to improve the safety of the battery.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an electric device using a battery as a power source.
  • the electric device can be, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a notebook computer, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric car, a ship, a spacecraft, and the like.
  • electric toys may include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft may include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • a vehicle 1000 as an electric device according to an embodiment of the present application is taken as an example for description.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the interior of the vehicle 1000 is provided with a battery 100 , and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may further include a controller 200 and a motor 300 , the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and running the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the structure of the battery 100 provided by some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery module 20 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a case body 10 and a battery module 20
  • the case body 10 has an assembly space for accommodating the battery module 20 .
  • the box body 10 can adopt various structures.
  • the box body 10 may include a first box body 11 and a second box body 12, the first box body 11 and the second box body 12 cover each other, the first box body 11 and the second box body 12 share An assembly space for accommodating the battery module 20 is defined.
  • the second box body 12 can be a hollow structure with an open end, and the first box body 11 can be a plate-shaped structure.
  • the first box body 11 covers the opening side of the second box body 12, so that the first box body 11 and the second
  • the two box bodies 12 jointly define an assembly space; the first box body 11 and the second box body 12 can also be hollow structures with one side opening, and the opening side of the first box body 11 is closed on the second box body 12 open side.
  • the box body 10 formed by the first box body 11 and the second box body 12 may be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, and the like.
  • the battery 100 there may be one or more battery modules 20 .
  • the battery 100 includes a plurality of battery modules 20 , and the plurality of battery modules 20 may be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel.
  • a plurality of battery modules 20 can be directly connected in series, in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of a plurality of battery modules 20 is accommodated in the case 10 .
  • the battery 100 also includes conductive elements (copper bars or aluminum bars, etc.), and the conductive elements are used to realize electrical connection between multiple battery modules 20 .
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the structure of the battery module 20 provided by some embodiments of the present application, and FIG. Schematic diagram of the structure of the battery module 20 (after removing the first protection member 21 and the second protection member 27 ).
  • the present application provides a battery module 20, the battery module 20 includes a first protective member 21 and a plurality of battery cells 22 (not shown in Figure 5, please refer to Figure 6, Figure 6 is a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application Schematic diagram of the structure of monomer 22).
  • a plurality of battery cells 22 are arranged along the first direction X, and one end of the battery cells 22 in the second direction Y is provided with a pressure relief mechanism 221, the second direction Y is perpendicular to the first direction X, and the pressure relief mechanism 221 is It is configured to vent the internal pressure of the battery cell 22 when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 22 reaches a threshold.
  • the first protection part 21 includes a first protection part 211.
  • the first protection part 211 covers one end of a plurality of battery cells 22 provided with a pressure relief mechanism 221.
  • a plurality of exhaust ports 2111 are opened on the first protection part 211 to discharge
  • the air port 2111 and the pressure relief mechanism 221 are arranged in a dislocation in the second direction Y.
  • each pressure relief mechanism 221 is arranged in a dislocation in the second direction Y, that is, the projection of each exhaust port 2111 in the second direction Y and the projection of each pressure relief mechanism 221 in the second direction Y Non-overlapping (the two do not intersect), that is, in the second direction Y, each pressure relief mechanism 221 has no exhaust port 2111 opposite to it.
  • the battery module 20 further includes two side plates 23 and two end plates 24 (ie, surrounding frames in the prior art), and the two side plates 23 are along the third direction Z (ie, the width of the battery module 20
  • the two end plates 24 are spaced apart and oppositely arranged along the first direction X (that is, the length direction of the battery module 20), and the two side plates 23 and the two end plates 24 are enclosed to form a battery cell body 22 accommodation space.
  • the first direction X, the second direction Y and the third direction Z are perpendicular to each other.
  • a plurality of battery cells 22 may be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel.
  • the battery module 20 may also include other structures, for example, the battery module 20 may also include a bus component for realizing electrical connection between a plurality of battery cells 22 .
  • the battery module 20 further includes a shielding film 25, and the shielding film 25 covers one end of the plurality of battery cells 22 in the second direction Y (that is, the height direction of the battery module 20) to block The film 25 prevents dust from entering between the plurality of battery cells 22 .
  • the shielding film 25 can be made of various materials, such as polyethylene, polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride.
  • the battery module 20 further includes an insulating cover 26.
  • the insulating cover 26 is disposed between the end plate 24 and the plurality of battery cells 22.
  • the insulating cover 26 is used for Insulation separates the end plates 24 from the battery cells 22 .
  • the insulating cover 26 can be made of various materials, such as polyethylene, polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride.
  • one end of the battery cell 22 in the second direction Y is provided with a pressure relief mechanism 221, and one end of the battery cell 22 in the second direction Y has an end cover 222, and the pressure relief mechanism 221 is provided on the end cover 222. , the pressure relief mechanism 221 is used to release the pressure inside the battery cell 22 when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 22 reaches a predetermined value. Or safety valve and other components.
  • each battery cell 22 can be a secondary battery 100 or a primary battery 100 ; it can also be a lithium-sulfur battery 100 , a sodium-ion battery 100 or a magnesium-ion battery 100 , but is not limited thereto.
  • the battery cells 22 can be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes.
  • one end of the plurality of battery cells 22 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 221 in the second direction Y is covered with the first protection part 211 of the first protection part 21, and the 211 is provided with multiple exhaust ports 2111, and the exhaust ports 2111 and the pressure relief mechanism 221 of the battery cell 22 are misplaced in the second direction Y, so that the battery 100 with such a battery module 20 acts as the battery cell 22
  • the hot gas rushing out from the pressure relief mechanism 221 can be blocked by the first protection part 211 first and then released from the exhaust port 2111, thereby reducing the battery cells 22 rushing out of the pressure relief mechanism 221 when thermal runaway occurs.
  • the hot gas directly impacts the case 10 of the battery 100, so as to protect the case 10 of the battery 100 to a certain extent, and can effectively alleviate the possibility of melting or spontaneous combustion of the case 10 of the battery 100 when it is impacted by hot gas. Furthermore, it is beneficial to reduce the use risk of the battery 100 in the later use process.
  • the plurality of exhaust ports 2111 includes at least one row of exhaust ports 2111, and each row of exhaust ports 2111 includes a plurality of rows arranged at intervals along the first direction X.
  • the plurality of exhaust ports 2111 can be arranged in one row, or in multiple rows, which can be arranged according to actual needs.
  • the exhaust ports 2111 By arranging a plurality of exhaust ports 2111 on the first protective part 211 in at least one row, and the exhaust ports 2111 of each row are arranged at intervals along the first direction X, so that on the one hand, the first protective part 211 is conveniently arranged. Processing the exhaust port 2111 is beneficial to reduce processing difficulty, and on the other hand, it can effectively ensure the consistency of processing between the first protective parts 21 of each battery module 20 .
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the first protection member 21 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the plurality of exhaust ports 2111 includes a row of exhaust ports 2111 , and in the first direction X, one exhaust port 2111 is provided between the pressure relief mechanisms 221 of every two adjacent battery cells 22 .
  • each exhaust port 2111 By providing a row of exhaust ports 2111 on the first protection part 211, and disposing each exhaust port 2111 between the pressure relief mechanisms 221 of two adjacent battery cells 22 in the first direction X, thereby The dislocation arrangement of the exhaust port 2111 and the pressure relief mechanism 221 in the second direction Y is realized, and the structure is simple and easy to realize.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the first protection member 21 provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • the plurality of exhaust ports 2111 includes two rows of exhaust ports 2111, and the two rows of exhaust ports 2111 are respectively located on both sides of the pressure relief mechanism 221 in the third direction Z, and the third direction Z is perpendicular to the first direction X and the second direction Y.
  • the structure of the first guard 21 is not limited thereto, and the exhaust ports 2111 disposed on the first guard 211 may also be arranged in three, four or five rows.
  • the pressure release mechanism 221 is located between the two rows of exhaust ports 2111 .
  • the first protection part 211 adopting this structure realizes that the exhaust port 2111 and the pressure relief mechanism 221 are arranged in a misalignment in the second direction Y, and the structure is simple and easy to realize.
  • the first protection part 211 includes multiple layers of mica paper arranged in layers, and the thickness of the first protection part 211 is greater than or equal to 3 mm.
  • the first protective part 211 made of mica paper can play a better flame-retardant effect, so as to reduce the impact of the high-temperature airflow from the pressure relief mechanism 221 when the first protective part 211 is thermally out of control of the battery cell 22. Melting occurs, so that the phenomenon of spontaneous combustion of the battery module 20 can be effectively alleviated, and on the other hand, it can play a better insulating role to achieve electrical insulation between the battery module 20 and other components, thereby reducing the occurrence of battery module 20. risk of short circuit.
  • the first protective part 211 is formed by laminating multiple layers of mica paper, and the thickness of the laminate is not less than 3mm, so that the first protective part 211 can have better impact resistance, so that it can relieve the pressure from the pressure relief mechanism 221.
  • the high temperature airflow will break through or damage the first protection part 211, which is beneficial to ensure the normal use of the first protection part 211.
  • the battery module 20 has two opposite side plates 23 in a third direction Z perpendicular to the first direction X and the second direction Y.
  • the first guard 21 also includes two second guards 212.
  • the two second guards 212 are respectively connected to both ends of the first guard 211, and the two second guards 212 are respectively Covering the outer surfaces of the two side panels 23 .
  • the second protection portion 212 is adhered to the outer surface of the side plate 23 .
  • the battery module 20 By covering the outer surfaces of the two side plates 23 of the battery module 20 with the second protective part 212, the battery module 20 can be better protected, so as to further isolate the battery cells 22, so that through the second protective
  • the part 212 can increase the creepage distance of the side plate 23 of the battery module 20, and can effectively block the impact of the external high-temperature airflow on the insulating components in the battery module 20, thereby helping to reduce the risk of insulation failure of the battery module 20, and further The use safety of the battery module 20 can be increased.
  • FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view of the second protection portion 212 of the first protection member 21 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the second protection part 212 includes a first reinforcement board 2121 and a first protection layer 2122 arranged in layers, and the first protection layer 2122 is disposed on a side of the first reinforcement board 2121 away from the side board 23 .
  • the first protective layer 2122 is disposed on the side of the first reinforcing plate 2121 away from the side plate 23 , that is, the first reinforcing plate 2121 is located between the side plate 23 and the first protective layer 2122 in the third direction Z.
  • the material of the first protective layer 2122 may be mica paper or refractory ceramic silicone rubber.
  • the material of the first reinforcement board 2121 may be polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride or polystyrene and other materials.
  • the second protection part 212 also includes a first adhesive layer 2123, and the first adhesive layer 2123 is located between the first reinforcing plate 2121 and the first protection layer 2122 in the thickness direction of the second protection part 212, so as to The first protection layer 2122 is glued on the first reinforcement board 2121 .
  • the first adhesive layer 2123 is double-sided tape, and in other embodiments, the first adhesive layer 2123 may also be adhesive glue or the like.
  • the second protection part 212 is provided with a first reinforcement plate 2121 and a first protection layer 2122. While the first protection layer 2122 can protect the side plate 23, the second protection part 212 can be improved by the first reinforcement plate 2121.
  • the hardness and impact resistance of the second protective part 212 are convenient for installation, and it is beneficial to improve the stability of the second protective part 212 covering the side plate 23 .
  • the second protection part 212 adopting this structure does not need to increase the thickness of the first protection layer 2122, and the impact resistance of the first protection part 211 can be ensured only through the first reinforcement plate 2121, thereby helping to reduce the thickness of the second protection layer 2122.
  • the manufacturing cost of the protective part 212 .
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the second protection member 27 and the end plate 24 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery module 20 has two opposite end plates 24 in the first direction X.
  • the battery module 20 further includes two second guards 27, the second guards 27 are arranged corresponding to the end plates 24, the second guards 27 include a third guard 271, at least part of the third guard 271 covers the end plate 24 of the outer surface.
  • the third guard portion 271 covers the outer surface of the end plate 24 , that is, the outer surface of the end plate 24 in the first direction X is covered with the third guard portion 271 .
  • the third protection portion 271 is adhered to the outer surface of the end plate 24 .
  • the protection effect on the battery module 20 can be further improved by covering the third protective part 271 of the second protective part 27 on the outer surface of the end plate 24 of the battery module 20, so that the end of the battery module 20 can be increased by the third protective part 271. creepage distance of the board 24, and can further block the impact of the external high-temperature airflow on the insulating components in the battery module 20, thereby helping to reduce the risk of insulation failure of the battery module 20, thereby reducing the risk of insulation failure of the battery module 20 during use. security risks.
  • FIG. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view of the third protection portion 271 of the second protection member 27 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the third protection part 271 includes a second reinforcement plate 2711 and a second protection layer 2712 arranged in a stacked manner, and the second protection layer 2712 is disposed on a side of the second reinforcement plate 2711 away from the end plate 24 .
  • the second protective layer 2712 is disposed on the side of the second reinforcing plate 2711 away from the end plate 24 , that is, the second reinforcing plate 2711 is located between the end plate 24 and the second protective layer 2712 in the first direction X.
  • the material of the second protective layer 2712 may be mica paper or refractory ceramic silicone rubber.
  • the material of the second reinforcement board 2711 may be polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride or polystyrene and other materials.
  • the second protection part 212 also includes a second adhesive layer 2713, the second adhesive layer 2713 is located between the second reinforcing plate 2711 and the second protection layer 2712 in the thickness direction of the third protection part 271, so as to The second protective layer 2712 is glued on the second reinforcement board 2711 .
  • the second adhesive layer 2713 is double-sided tape, and in other embodiments, the second adhesive layer 2713 may also be adhesive glue or the like.
  • each part of the third protection part 271 is composed of the above-mentioned structure, that is, each part of the third protection part 271 is that the second reinforcing plate 2711, the second adhesive layer 2713 and the second protection layer 2712 are stacked in sequence. made.
  • the third protective part 271 is provided with a second reinforcing plate 2711 and a second protective layer 2712 in a stacked arrangement. While the second protective layer 2712 can protect the end plate 24, the second reinforcing plate 2711 can improve the third protective plate 2711.
  • the hardness and impact resistance of the protection part 271 facilitates the installation of the third protection part 271 and is beneficial to improve the stability of the third protection part 271 covering the end plate 24 .
  • the third protection part 271 adopting this structure does not need to increase the thickness of the second protection layer 2712, and the impact resistance of the third protection part 271 can be ensured only through the second reinforcement plate 2711, thereby helping to reduce the third protection layer 2712.
  • the manufacturing cost of the protective part 271 .
  • FIG. 10 An exploded view of the structure of the second protection member 27 provided in some embodiments of the application
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of the third protection part 271 of the second protection member 27 provided in some embodiments of the application.
  • the end plate 24 includes a body portion 241 and a mounting portion 242 , and the top of the body portion 241 in the second direction Y has a mounting surface 2411 .
  • the mounting portion 242 protrudes from the mounting surface 2411 , and the mounting portion 242 is used for mounting a conductive member electrically connected to the battery cell 22 .
  • a portion of the third protection portion 271 covers the mounting surface 2411 .
  • the third guard portion 271 includes a first portion 2714 , a second portion 2715 , a third portion 2716 and a fourth portion 2717 .
  • the first part 2714 has a flat plate structure, and the first part 2714 covers the side of the body part 241 and the installation part 242 facing away from the battery cell 22 in the first direction X.
  • the second part 2715 has an L-shaped structure.
  • a part of the second protection part 212 covers the top of the mounting part 242 in the second direction Y, and another part covers a side of the mounting part 242 facing away from the battery cell 22 in the first direction X. side, such that the second portion 2715 and the first portion 2714 together define a channel through which the conductive member passes.
  • the third part 2716 has a Z-shaped structure. A part of the third part 2716 covers the top of the mounting part 242 in the second direction Y, a part covers the side of the mounting part 242 in the third direction Z, and a part covers the second part. It is located on the installation surface 2411 on one side of the installation part 242 in the three directions Z.
  • the fourth part 2717 has a flat plate structure, and the fourth part 2717 covers the installation surface 2411 on the other side of the installation part 242 in the third direction Z, and the fourth part 2717 is connected to the first part 2714, and the fourth part 2717 is vertical In the first part 2714.
  • the third protection part 271 may be a split structure, or may be an integral structure.
  • the third protection part 271 is a split structure.
  • the structure of the third protection part 271 is not limited thereto.
  • the function of the third protection part 271 is to protect the end plate 24.
  • the third protection part 271 can be customized according to the structural shape of the end plate 24. Shape design, that is to say, in the actual production process, the structure of the third protection portion 271 can be designed according to the shape and structure of the end plate 24 .
  • the third protection part 271 with this structure can provide comprehensive protection according to the actual structure of the end plate 24 , so as to realize the follow-up design between the third protection part 271 and the end plate 24 , which is beneficial to improve the protection effect on the end plate 24 .
  • the battery module 20 further has an insulating cover 26 , and in the first direction X, the insulating cover 26 is disposed between the end plate 24 and the plurality of battery cells 22 , and the insulating cover 26 has a blank area not covered by the end plate 24 .
  • the second protection part 27 further includes a fourth protection part 272 , at least a part of the fourth protection part 272 covers a blank area of the insulating cover 26 .
  • the fourth protection portion 272 covers the blank area of the insulating cover 26, that is, since the body portion 241 of the end plate 24 is protrudingly provided with the installation portion 242, so that the insulating cover 26 is not protected in the first direction X.
  • the part covered by the body part 241 and the mounting part 242 of the end plate 24 is covered with the fourth protection part 272 on the exposed part of the insulating cover 26 to protect the insulating cover 26 .
  • the fourth protection part 272 can protect the part of the insulation cover 26 that is not shielded by the end plate 24, so as to reduce the impact of the insulation cover 26 on the external high temperature air flow. Damage or melting occurs during impact, which can effectively reduce the risk of spontaneous combustion of the insulating cover 26 on the one hand, and increase the creepage distance of the insulating cover 26 on the other hand to improve the insulation effect of the insulating cover 26. Insulation failure occurs in the cover 26 to reduce the risk of high-voltage short-circuit and arcing between the battery cells 22 and the end plates 24 .
  • FIG. 15 is a partial cross-sectional view of the fourth protection portion 272 of the second protection member 27 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the fourth protection part 272 includes a third reinforcement plate 2721 and a third protection layer 2722 arranged in layers, and the third protection layer 2722 is disposed on a side of the third reinforcement plate 2721 away from the insulation cover 26 .
  • the third protection layer 2722 is disposed on the side of the third reinforcement plate 2721 facing away from the insulation cover 26 , that is, the third reinforcement plate 2721 is located between the insulation cover 26 and the third protection layer 2722 in the first direction X.
  • the material of the third protection layer 2722 may be mica paper or refractory ceramic silicone rubber.
  • the material of the third reinforcement board 2721 may be polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride or polystyrene and other materials.
  • the fourth protection part 272 also includes a third adhesive layer 2723, and the third adhesive layer 2723 is located between the third reinforcing plate 2721 and the third protection layer 2722 in the thickness direction of the fourth protection part 272, so as to The third protection layer 2722 is glued on the third reinforcement board 2721 .
  • the third adhesive layer 2723 is double-sided tape, and in other embodiments, the third adhesive layer 2723 may also be adhesive glue or the like.
  • the fourth protection part 272 is provided with a third reinforcement plate 2721 and a third protection layer 2722 arranged in layers. While the third protection layer 2722 can protect the insulating cover 26, the third reinforcement plate 2721 can improve the fourth reinforcement plate 2721.
  • the hardness and impact resistance of the protection part 272 facilitates the installation of the fourth protection part 272 and is beneficial to improve the stability of the fourth protection part 272 covering the insulating cover 26 .
  • the fourth protection part 272 adopting this structure does not need to increase the thickness of the third protection layer 2722, and the impact resistance of the fourth protection part 272 can be ensured only through the third reinforcement plate 2721, thereby helping to reduce the thickness of the fourth protection layer 2722.
  • the manufacturing cost of the guard part 272 .
  • the present application also provides a battery 100 .
  • the battery 100 includes a case body 10 and a battery module 20 according to any of the above schemes.
  • the battery module 20 is accommodated in the case body 10 .
  • the present application also provides an electric device, including the battery 100 according to any of the above schemes, and the battery 100 is used to provide electric energy for the electric device.
  • the electric device may be any of the aforementioned devices or systems using the battery 100 .
  • a plurality of battery cells 22 are arranged along the first direction X, and one end of the battery cells 22 in the second direction Y is provided with a pressure relief mechanism 221 .
  • the first protective part 21 includes a first protective part 211 and two second protective parts 212.
  • the first protective part 211 covers one end of a plurality of battery cells 22 provided with a pressure relief mechanism 221.
  • the first protective part 211 is provided with A plurality of exhaust ports 2111 are arranged at intervals along the first direction X, and one exhaust port 2111 is provided between the pressure relief mechanisms 221 of every two adjacent battery cells 22, so that the exhaust ports 2111 and the pressure relief
  • the mechanism 221 is dislocated in the second direction Y.
  • the two second protection parts 212 are respectively connected to two ends of the first protection part 211 in the third direction Z, and the first direction X, the second direction Y and the third direction Z are perpendicular to each other.
  • the second protection portion 212 covers the outer surface of the side plate 23 .
  • the second guard 27 includes a third guard 271 and a fourth guard 272.
  • the third guard 271 covers the outer surface of the end plate 24, and the fourth guard 272 covers the portion of the insulating cover 26 that is not shielded by the end plate 24. area.
  • the first protection part 211 is formed by laminating multiple layers of mica paper, and the thickness is not less than 3mm.
  • the second protection part 212 , the third protection part 271 and the fourth protection part 272 are all laminated by plastic board and mica paper bonded by double-sided tape, and the mica paper is located outside the plastic board.

Abstract

本申请提供了一种电池模块、电池及用电装置，属于电池技术领域。其中，电池模块包括第一防护件和多个电池单体。多个电池单体沿第一方向排布，电池单体在第二方向上的一端设置有泄压机构，第二方向与第一方向相互垂直，泄压机构被配置为在电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放电池单体的内部压力。第一防护件包括第一防护部，第一防护部覆盖于多个电池单体设置有泄压机构的一端，第一防护部上开设有多个排气口，排气口与泄压机构在第二方向上错位设置。在具有这种电池模块的电池中通过第一防护件能够减少电池单体热失控时从泄压机构冲出的热气直接冲击箱体的现象，以缓解电池的箱体出现熔化或自燃的可能性，从而有利于降低电池的使用风险。

Description

电池模块、电池及用电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2022年1月7日提交的名称为“电池模块、电池及用电装置”的中国专利申请202220039932.7的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种电池模块、电池及用电装置。
背景技术
近些年，新能源汽车有了飞跃式的发展，在电动汽车领域，动力电池作为电动汽车的动力源，起着不可替代的重要作用。电池由箱体和容纳于箱体内的多个电池模块组成，电池模块由多个电池单体组成。其中，电池作为新能源汽车核心零部件不论在安全性方面有着较高的要求。目前，电池模块的安全性能逐渐成为业界关注的焦点，但是，现有技术中的电池模块在电池单体热失控时极容易引起电池发生起火的现象，从而导致电池在使用过程中存在较大的安全隐患，不利于消费者的使用安全。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种电池模块、电池及用电装置，能够有效降低电池在使用过程中存在的安全隐患。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池模块，包括第一防护件和多个电池单体；多个电池单体沿第一方向排布，电池单体在第二方向上的一端设置有泄压机构，第二方向与第一方向相互垂直，泄压机构被配置为在电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放电池单体的内部压力；第一防护件包括第一防护部，第一防护部覆盖于多个电池单体设置有泄压机构的一端，第一防护部上开设有多个排气口，排气口与泄压机构在第二方向上错位设置。
在上述技术方案中，多个电池单体在第二方向上设置有泄压机构的一端覆盖有第一防护件的第一防护部，通过在第一防护部上开设多个排气口，且在第二方向上排气口与电池单体的泄压机构错位设置，使得具有这种电池模块的电池中当电池单体出现热失控时从泄压机构冲出的热气能够优先受到第一防护部的阻挡后再从排气口进行释放，从而能够减少电池单体热失控时从泄压机构冲出的热气直接冲击电池的箱体的现象，以对电池的箱体起到一定的保护作用，能够有效缓解电池的箱体在受到热气冲击时出现熔化或自燃的可能性，进而有利于降低电池在后期使用过程中的使用风险。
在一些实施例中，多个排气口包括至少一排排气口，每排排气口包括沿第一方向间隔布置的多个排气口。
在上述技术方案中，通过将第一防护部上的多个排气口设置为至少一排，且每排的排气口设置为沿第一方向间隔布置，从而一方面便于在第一防护部上加工排气口，且有利于降低加工难度，另一方面能够有效保证每个电池模块的第一防护件之间的加工一致性。
在一些实施例中，多个排气口包括一排排气口；在第一方向上，每相邻的两个电池单体的泄压机构之间设置一个排气口。
在上述技术方案中，通过在第一防护部上设置一排排气口，且将每个排气口在第一方向上设置于相邻的两个电池单体的泄压机构之间，从而实现了排气口与泄压机构在第二方向上错位设置，结构简单，且便于实现。
在一些实施例中，多个排气口包括两排排气口；两排排气口分别位于泄压机构在第三方向上的两侧，第三方向垂直于第一方向和第二方向。
在上述技术方案中，通过在第二防护部上设置两排排气口，且将两排排气口在第三方向上 设置于泄压机构的两侧，也就是说，在第三方向上，泄压机构位于两排排气口之间，从而实现了排气口与泄压机构在第二方向上错位设置，结构简单，且便于实现。
在一些实施例中，第一防护部包括层叠布置的多层云母纸，第一防护部的厚度大于或等于3mm。
在上述技术方案中，采用云母纸材质的第一防护部一方面能够起到较好的阻燃效果，以减少第一防护部在电池单体热失控时从泄压机构冲出的高温气流的冲击下出现熔化的现象，从而能够有效缓解电池模块出现自燃的现象，另一方面能够起到较好的绝缘作用，以实现电池模块与其他部件之间的电绝缘，从而能够降低电池模块出现短路的风险。此外，通过将多层云母纸层叠制成第一防护部，且层叠的厚度不小于3mm，使得第一防护部能够具有较好的抗冲击能力，从而能够缓解从泄压机构冲出的高温气流将第一防护部冲破或损坏的风险，有利于保证第一防护部的正常使用。
在一些实施例中，电池模块在垂直于第一方向和第二方向的第三方向上具有相对的两个侧板；第一防护件还包括两个第二防护部，在第三方向上，两个第二防护部分别连接于第一防护部的两端，且两个第二防护部分别覆盖于两个侧板的外侧表面。
在上述技术方案中，通过在电池模块的两个侧板的外侧表面覆盖第二防护部能够对电池模块起到较好的防护效果，以对电池单体起到进一步隔离作用，从而通过第二防护部能够增加电池模块的侧板的爬电距离，且能够有效阻挡外部的高温气流对电池模块内的绝缘部件的冲击作用，从而有利于降低电池模块出现绝缘失效的风险，进而能够增加电池模块的使用安全性。
在一些实施例中，第二防护部包括层叠布置的第一加固板和第一防护层；第一防护层设置于第一加固板背离侧板的一侧。
在上述技术方案中，第二防护部设置有第一加固板和第一防护层，在第一防护层能够对侧板起到防护作用的同时，通过第一加固板能够提高第二防护部的硬度和抗冲击能力，从而便于对第二防护部进行安装，且有利于提高第二防护部覆盖于侧板上的稳定性。此外，采用这种结构的第二防护部无需增大第一防护层的厚度，只需通过第一加固板即可保证第一防护部的抗冲击能力，从而有利于降低第二防护部的制造成本。
在一些实施例中，电池模块在第一方向上具有相对的两个端板；电池模块还包括两个第二防护件，第二防护件与端板对应设置，第二防护件包括第三防护部，第三防护部的至少部分覆盖于端板的外侧表面。
在上述技术方案中，电池模块还设置有第二防护件，通过将第二防护件的第三防护部覆盖于电池模块的端板的外侧面能够进一步提升对电池模块的防护效果，以通过第三防护部能够增加电池模块的端板的爬电距离，且能够进一步阻挡外部的高温气流对电池模块内的绝缘部件的冲击作用，从而有利于降低电池模块出现绝缘失效的风险，进而能够降低电池模块在使用过程中的安全隐患。
在一些实施例中，第三防护部包括层叠布置的第二加固板和第二防护层；第二防护层设置于第二加固板背离端板的一侧。
在上述技术方案中，第三防护部设置层叠布置的有第二加固板和第二防护层，在第二防护层能够对端板起到防护作用的同时，通过第二加固板能够提高第三防护部的硬度和抗冲击能力，从而便于对第三防护部进行安装，且有利于提高第三防护部覆盖于端板上的稳定性。此外，采用这种结构的第三防护部无需增大第二防护层的厚度，只需通过第二加固板即可保证第三防护部的抗冲击能力，从而有利于降低第三防护部的制造成本。
在一些实施例中，端板包括本体部和安装部；本体部在第二方向上的顶部具有安装面；安装部凸设于安装面上，安装部用于安装与电池单体电连接的导电件，第三防护部的部分覆盖于安装面上。
在上述技术方案中，由于端板上需要安装用于与电池单体电连接的导电件，以使端板的安装部在第三方向上的两侧与端板的本体部之间存在缺口，从而将第三防护部的部分覆盖于本体部的安装面对应该缺口的位置上，进而有利于提升对端板的防护作用。
在一些实施例中，电池模块还具有绝缘罩，在第一方向上，绝缘罩设置于端板与多个电池单体之间，且绝缘罩具有未被端板遮挡的空白区域；第二防护件还包括第四防护部，第四防护部的至少部分覆盖于绝缘罩的空白区域。
在上述技术方案中，通过在绝缘罩的空白区域上覆盖第四防护部，以使第四防护部能够对绝缘罩未被端板遮挡的部分进行防护，以减少绝缘罩在受到外部的高温气流冲击时出现损坏或熔化的现象，从而一方面能够有效降低绝缘罩出现自燃的风险，另一方面有利于增加绝缘罩的爬电距离，以提升绝缘罩的绝缘效果，且能够缓解绝缘罩出现绝缘失效的现象，以降低电池单体与端板之间出现高压短路拉弧的风险。
在一些实施例中，第四防护部包括层叠布置的第三加固板和第三防护层；第三防护层设置于第三加固板背离绝缘罩的一侧。
在上述技术方案中，第四防护部设置有层叠布置的第三加固板和第三防护层，在第三防护层能够对绝缘罩起到防护作用的同时，通过第三加固板能够提高第四防护部的硬度和抗冲击能力，从而便于对第四防护部进行安装，且有利于提高第四防护部覆盖于绝缘罩上的稳定性。此外，采用这种结构的第四防护部无需增大第三防护层的厚度，只需通过第三加固板即可保证第四防护部的抗冲击能力，从而有利于降低第四防护部的制造成本。
第二方面，本申请实施例还提供一种电池，包括箱体和上述的电池模块，电池模块容纳于箱体内。
第三方面，本申请实施例还提供一种用电装置，包括上述的电池，电池用于提供电能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的结构爆炸图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池模块的结构示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池模块的结构爆炸图；
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的电池模块(去除第一防护件和第二防护件后)的结构示意图；
图6为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的结构示意图；
图7为本申请一些实施例提供的第一防护件的结构示意图；
图8为本申请又一些实施例提供的第一防护件的结构示意图；
图9为本申请一些实施例提供的第一防护件的第二防护部的局部剖面图；
图10为本申请一些实施例提供的第二防护件与端板的连接示意图；
图11为本申请一些实施例提供的第二防护件的第三防护部的局部剖面图；
图12为本申请一些实施例提供的电池模块的端板的结构示意图；
图13为本申请一些实施例提供的第二防护件的结构爆炸图；
图14为本申请一些实施例提供的第二防护件的第三防护部的结构示意图；
图15为本申请一些实施例提供的第二防护件的第四防护部的局部剖面图。
图标：1000-车辆；100-电池；10-箱体；11-第一箱本体；12-第二箱本体；20-电池模块； 21-第一防护件；211-第一防护部；2111-排气口；212-第二防护部；2121-第一加固板；2122-第一防护层；2123-第一粘接层；22-电池单体；221-泄压机构；222-端盖；23-侧板；24-端板；241-本体部；2411-安装面；242-安装部；25-遮挡膜；26-绝缘罩；27-第二防护件；271-第三防护部；2711-第二加固板；2712-第二防护层；2713-第二粘接层；2714-第一部分；2715-第二部分；2716-第三部分；2717-第四部分；272-第四防护部；2721-第三加固板；2722-第三防护层；2723-第三粘接层；200-控制器；300-马达；X-第一方向；Y-第二方向；Z-第三方向。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体或多个电池模块的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括外壳、电极组件和电解液，外壳用于容纳电极组件和电解液。电极组件由正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物 质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。
隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
近些年，新能源汽车有了飞跃式的发展，在电动汽车领域，动力电池作为电动汽车的动力源，起着不可替代的重要作用。电池由箱体和容纳于箱体内的多个电池模块组成，电池模块由多个电池单体组成。其中，电池作为新能源汽车核心零部件不论在安全性方面有着较高的要求，因此，电池模块的安全性能决定了电池在使用过程中的安全性。
发明人发现，在电池的使用过程中，电池模块中的电池单体会存在热失控的现象，从而造成电池单体出现热膨胀，以导致电池极容易引发爆炸等风险，因此，为了解决电池容易产生爆炸等安全隐患，在现技术中通常在电池单体上设置有泄压机构，当电池单体出现热失控时，电池单体内部的高温气流会冲破电池单体的泄压机构，从而泄放电池单体的内部压力，以降低电池单体因膨胀而引发的爆炸风险。但是，这种结构的电池在电池单体发生热失控时电池单体内部的高温气流在冲破泄压机构后会直接对电池的箱体或其他部件进行冲击，从而造成电池的箱体或其他部件损坏或熔化，进而引发电池出现自燃起火的现象，以导致电池在使用过程中存在较大的安全隐患，不利于消费者的使用安全。
基于上述考虑，为了解决电池在后期使用过程中存在较大的安全隐患，从而不利于消费者的使用安全的问题，发明人经过深入研究，设计了一种电池模块，电池模块包括第一防护件和多个电池单体，多个电池单体沿第一方向排布，且每个电池单体在在第二方向上的一端具有泄压机构，第一防护件具有用于在第二方向上覆盖于多个电池单体的一端的第一防护部，第一防护部上开设有多个排气口，且每个排气口与每个泄压机构在第二方向上均为错位设置。
在具有这种电池模块的电池中，多个电池单体在第二方向上设置有泄压机构的一端覆盖有第一防护件的第一防护部，通过在第一防护部上开设多个排气口，且在第二方向上排气口与电池单体的泄压机构错位设置，使得电池单体在出现热失控时从泄压机构冲出的热气能够优先受到第一防护部的阻挡后再从排气口进行释放，从而能够减少电池单体热失控时从泄压机构冲出的热气直接冲击电池的箱体的现象，以对电池的箱体起到一定的保护作用，能够有效缓解电池的箱体在受到热气冲击时出现熔化或自燃的可能性，进而有利于降低电池在后期使用过程中的使用风险。
本申请实施例公开的电池可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电装置中。可以使用具备本申请公开的电池模块、电池等组成该用电装置的电源系统，这样，有利于缓解电池的箱体或其他部件出现损坏或熔化，以提升电池的使用安全性。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作为电源的用电装置，用电装置可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请一实施例的一种用电装置为车辆1000为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2和图3，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的结构爆炸图，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池模块20的结构示意图。电池100包括箱体10和电池模块20，箱体10具有用于容纳电池模块20的装配空间。其中，箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一箱本体11和第二箱本体12，第一箱本体11与第二箱本体12相互盖合，第一箱本体11和第二箱本体12共同限定出用于容纳电池模块20的装配空间。第二箱本体12可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一箱本体11可以为板状结构，第一箱本体11盖合于第二箱本体12的开口侧，以使第一箱本体11与第二箱本体12共同限定出装配空间；第一箱本体11和第二箱本体12也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一箱本体11的开口侧盖合于第二箱本体12的开口侧。当然，第一箱本体11和第二箱本体12形成的箱体10可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池模块20可以是一个，也可以是多个。示例性的，在图2中，电池100包括多个电池模块20，多个电池模块20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池模块20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池模块20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池模块20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内。电池100还包括导电件(铜巴或铝巴等)，导电件用于实现多个电池模块20之间的电连接。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图3，并请进一步参照图4和图5，图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池模块20的结构爆炸图，图5为本申请一些实施例提供的电池模块20(去除第一防护件21和第二防护件27后)的结构示意图。本申请提供了一种电池模块20，电池模块20包括第一防护件21和多个电池单体22(图5中未示出，请参见图6，图6为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体22的结构示意图)。多个电池单体22沿第一方向X排布，电池单体22在第二方向Y上的一端设置有泄压机构221，第二方向Y与第一方向X相互垂直，泄压机构221被配置为在电池单体22的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放电池单体22的内部压力。第一防护件21包括第一防护部211，第一防护部211覆盖于多个电池单体22设置有泄压机构221的一端，第一防护部211上开设有多个排气口2111，排气口2111与泄压机构221在第二方向Y上错位设置。
其中，排气口2111与泄压机构221在第二方向Y上错位设置，即每个排气口2111在第二方向Y上的投影与每个泄压机构221均在第二方向Y的投影不重合(两者没有交集)，也就是说，在第二方向Y上，每个泄压机构221均没有与其相对设置的排气口2111。
在一些实施例中，电池模块20还包括两个侧板23和两个端板24(即现有技术中的围框)，两个侧板23沿第三方向Z(即电池模块20的宽度方向)间隔且相对布置，两个端板24沿第一方向X(即电池模块20的长度方向)间隔且相对布置，两个侧板23和两个端板24围合形成用于容纳电池单体22的容纳空间。其中，第一方向X、第二方向Y和第三方向Z两两相互垂直。
在电池模块20中，多个电池单体22之间可串联或并联或混联。电池模块20还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池模块20还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体22之间的电连接。
在一些实施例中，在图5中，电池模块20还包括遮挡膜25，遮挡膜25覆盖于多个电池单体22在第二方向Y(即电池模块20的高度方向)上的一端，遮挡膜25用于阻止灰尘进入到多个电池单体22之间。遮挡膜25的材质可以是多种，例如：聚乙烯、聚丙烯或聚氯乙烯等。
在一些实施例中，在图5中，电池模块20还包括绝缘罩26，在第一方向X上，绝缘罩26设置于端板24与多个电池单体22之间，绝缘罩26用于绝缘隔离端板24和电池单体22。绝缘罩26的材质可以是多种，例如：聚乙烯、聚丙烯或聚氯乙烯等。
参照图6，电池单体22在第二方向Y上的一端设置有泄压机构221，电池单体22在第二方向Y上的一端具有端盖222，泄压机构221设置于端盖222上，泄压机构221用于在电池单体22的内部压力或温度达到预定值时泄放电池单体22内部的压力，泄压机构221可以是诸如防爆阀、防爆片、气阀、泄压阀或安全阀等部件。
可选地，每个电池单体22可以为二次电池100或一次电池100；还可以是锂硫电池100、钠离子电池100或镁离子电池100，但不局限于此。电池单体22可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
在这种结构的电池模块20中，多个电池单体22在第二方向Y上设置有泄压机构221的一 端覆盖有第一防护件21的第一防护部211，通过在第一防护部211上开设多个排气口2111，且在第二方向Y上排气口2111与电池单体22的泄压机构221错位设置，使得具有这种电池模块20的电池100中当电池单体22出现热失控时从泄压机构221冲出的热气能够优先受到第一防护部211的阻挡后再从排气口2111进行释放，从而能够减少电池单体22热失控时从泄压机构221冲出的热气直接冲击电池100的箱体10的现象，以对电池100的箱体10起到一定的保护作用，能够有效缓解电池100的箱体10在受到热气冲击时出现熔化或自燃的可能性，进而有利于降低电池100在后期使用过程中的使用风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参见图3和图4所示，多个排气口2111包括至少一排排气口2111，每排排气口2111包括沿第一方向X间隔布置的多个排气口2111。
在上述描述中，多个排气口2111可以设置为一排，也可以设置为多排，可根据实际需求进行设置。
通过将第一防护部211上的多个排气口2111设置为至少一排，且每排的排气口2111设置为沿第一方向X间隔布置，从而一方面便于在第一防护部211上加工排气口2111，且有利于降低加工难度，另一方面能够有效保证每个电池模块20的第一防护件21之间的加工一致性。
示例性的，参照图7所示，图7为本申请一些实施例提供的第一防护件21的结构示意图。多个排气口2111包括一排排气口2111，在第一方向X上，每相邻的两个电池单体22的泄压机构221之间设置一个排气口2111。
通过在第一防护部211上设置一排排气口2111，且将每个排气口2111在第一方向X上设置于相邻的两个电池单体22的泄压机构221之间，从而实现了排气口2111与泄压机构221在第二方向Y上错位设置，结构简单，且便于实现。
在一些实施例中，参照图8所示，图8为本申请又一些实施例提供的第一防护件21的结构示意图。多个排气口2111包括两排排气口2111，两排排气口2111分别位于泄压机构221在第三方向Z上的两侧，第三方向Z垂直于第一方向X和第二方向Y。当然，第一防护件21的结构并不局限于此，设置于第一防护部211上的排气口2111也可以为三排、四排或五排等。
其中，通过在第二防护部212上设置两排排气口2111，且将两排排气口2111在第三方向Z上设置于泄压机构221的两侧，也就是说，在第三方向Z上，泄压机构221位于两排排气口2111之间。
采用这种结构的第一防护部211实现了排气口2111与泄压机构221在第二方向Y上错位设置，结构简单，且便于实现。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第一防护部211包括层叠布置的多层云母纸，第一防护部211的厚度大于或等于3mm。
采用云母纸材质的第一防护部211一方面能够起到较好的阻燃效果，以减少第一防护部211在电池单体22热失控时从泄压机构221冲出的高温气流的冲击下出现熔化的现象，从而能够有效缓解电池模块20出现自燃的现象，另一方面能够起到较好的绝缘作用，以实现电池模块20与其他部件之间的电绝缘，从而能够降低电池模块20出现短路的风险。此外，通过将多层云母纸层叠制成第一防护部211，且层叠的厚度不小于3mm，使得第一防护部211能够具有较好的抗冲击能力，从而能够缓解从泄压机构221冲出的高温气流将第一防护部211冲破或损坏的风险，有利于保证第一防护部211的正常使用。
根据本申请的一些实施例，继续参见图4和图5所示，电池模块20在垂直于第一方向X和第二方向Y的第三方向Z上具有相对的两个侧板23。第一防护件21还包括两个第二防护部212，在第三方向Z上，两个第二防护部212分别连接于第一防护部211的两端，且两个第二防护部212分别覆盖于两个侧板23的外侧表面。
示例性的，第二防护部212粘接于侧板23的外侧表面上。
通过在电池模块20的两个侧板23的外侧表面覆盖第二防护部212能够对电池模块20起 到较好的防护效果，以对电池单体22起到进一步隔离作用，从而通过第二防护部212能够增加电池模块20的侧板23的爬电距离，且能够有效阻挡外部的高温气流对电池模块20内的绝缘部件的冲击作用，从而有利于降低电池模块20出现绝缘失效的风险，进而能够增加电池模块20的使用安全性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图9，图9为本申请一些实施例提供的第一防护件21的第二防护部212的局部剖面图。第二防护部212包括层叠布置的第一加固板2121和第一防护层2122，第一防护层2122设置于第一加固板2121背离侧板23的一侧。
其中，第一防护层2122设置于第一加固板2121背离侧板23的一侧，即第一加固板2121在第三方向Z上位于侧板23和第一防护层2122之间。
示例性的，第一防护层2122的材质可以为云母纸或耐火陶瓷硅橡胶等。
示例性的，第一加固板2121的材质可以为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯或聚苯乙烯等材料。
进一步地，第二防护部212还包括第一粘接层2123，第一粘接层2123在第二防护部212的厚度方向上位于第一加固板2121与第一防护层2122之间，以将第一防护层2122粘接于第一加固板2121上。
示例性的，在图9中，第一粘接层2123为双面胶，在其他实施例中，第一粘接层2123也可以为粘接胶水等。
第二防护部212设置有第一加固板2121和第一防护层2122，在第一防护层2122能够对侧板23起到防护作用的同时，通过第一加固板2121能够提高第二防护部212的硬度和抗冲击能力，从而便于对第二防护部212进行安装，且有利于提高第二防护部212覆盖于侧板23上的稳定性。此外，采用这种结构的第二防护部212无需增大第一防护层2122的厚度，只需通过第一加固板2121即可保证第一防护部211的抗冲击能力，从而有利于降低第二防护部212的制造成本。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参见图4，并请进一步参照图10，图10为本申请一些实施例提供的第二防护件27与端板24的连接示意图。电池模块20在第一方向X上具有相对的两个端板24。电池模块20还包括两个第二防护件27，第二防护件27与端板24对应设置，第二防护件27包括第三防护部271，第三防护部271的至少部分覆盖于端板24的外侧表面。
在上述描述中，第三防护部271的至少部分覆盖于端板24的外侧表面，即端板24在第一方向X上的外表面上覆盖有第三防护部271。
示例性的，第三防护部271粘接于端板24的外侧表面上。
通过将第二防护件27的第三防护部271覆盖于电池模块20的端板24的外侧面能够进一步提升对电池模块20的防护效果，以通过第三防护部271能够增加电池模块20的端板24的爬电距离，且能够进一步阻挡外部的高温气流对电池模块20内的绝缘部件的冲击作用，从而有利于降低电池模块20出现绝缘失效的风险，进而能够降低电池模块20在使用过程中的安全隐患。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图11，图11为本申请一些实施例提供的第二防护件27的第三防护部271的局部剖面图。第三防护部271包括层叠布置的第二加固板2711和第二防护层2712，第二防护层2712设置于第二加固板2711背离端板24的一侧。
其中，第二防护层2712设置于第二加固板2711背离端板24的一侧，即第二加固板2711在第一方向X上位于端板24和第二防护层2712之间。
示例性的，第二防护层2712的材质可以为云母纸或耐火陶瓷硅橡胶等。
示例性的，第二加固板2711的材质可以为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯或聚苯乙烯等材料。
进一步地，第二防护部212还包括第二粘接层2713，第二粘接层2713在第三防护部271的厚度方向上位于第二加固板2711与第二防护层2712之间，以将第二防护层2712粘接于第二加 固板2711上。
示例性的，在图11中，第二粘接层2713为双面胶，在其他实施例中，第二粘接层2713也可以为粘接胶水等。
需要说明的是，第三防护部271的各个部分均由上述结构组成，即第三防护部271的各个部分均为第二加固板2711、第二粘接层2713和第二防护层2712依次层叠而成。
第三防护部271设置层叠布置的有第二加固板2711和第二防护层2712，在第二防护层2712能够对端板24起到防护作用的同时，通过第二加固板2711能够提高第三防护部271的硬度和抗冲击能力，从而便于对第三防护部271进行安装，且有利于提高第三防护部271覆盖于端板24上的稳定性。此外，采用这种结构的第三防护部271无需增大第二防护层2712的厚度，只需通过第二加固板2711即可保证第三防护部271的抗冲击能力，从而有利于降低第三防护部271的制造成本。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参见图10，并请进一步参照图12、图13和图14，图12为本申请一些实施例提供的电池模块20的端板24的结构示意图，图13为本申请一些实施例提供的第二防护件27的结构爆炸图，图14为本申请一些实施例提供的第二防护件27的第三防护部271的结构示意图。端板24包括本体部241和安装部242，本体部241在第二方向Y上的顶部具有安装面2411。安装部242凸设于安装面2411上，安装部242用于安装与电池单体22电连接的导电件，第三防护部271的部分覆盖于安装面2411上。
其中，由于端板24上需要安装用于与电池单体22电连接的导电件，以使端板24的安装部242在第三方向Z上的两侧与端板24的本体部241之间存在缺口。因此，第三防护部271包括第一部分2714、第二部分2715、第三部分2716以及第四部分2717。第一部分2714呈平板结构，第一部分2714覆盖于本体部241和安装部242在第一方向X上背离电池单体22的一侧。第二部分2715呈L型结构，第二防护部212的一部分覆盖于安装部242在第二方向Y上的顶部，另一部分覆盖于安装部242在第一方向X上背离电池单体22的一侧，使得第二部分2715与第一部分2714共同限定出供导电件穿过的通道。第三部分2716呈Z型结构，第三部分2716的一部分覆盖于安装部242在第二方向Y上的顶部，一部分覆盖于安装部242在第三方向Z上的一侧，一部分覆盖于在第三方向Z上位于安装部242一侧的安装面2411上。第四部分2717呈平板结构，第四部分2717覆盖于在第三方向Z上位于安装部242另一侧的安装面2411上，且第四部分2717连接于第一部分2714，且第四部分2717垂直于第一部分2714。
可选地，第三防护部271可以为分体式结构，也可以为一体式结构。示例性的，在图13中，第三防护部271为分体式结构。
需要说明的是，第三防护部271的结构并不局限于此，第三防护部271的作用为对端板24起到防护作用，第三防护部271可以根据端板24的结构形状进行随形设计，也就是说，在实际生产过程中，可根据端板24的形状结构设计第三防护部271的结构。
采用这种结构的第三防护部271能够根据端板24的实际结构进行全面防护，以实现第三防护部271与端板24的随形设计，从而有利于提升对端板24的防护作用。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参见图10和图13所示，电池模块20还具有绝缘罩26，在第一方向X上，绝缘罩26设置于端板24与多个电池单体22之间，且绝缘罩26具有未被端板24遮挡的空白区域。第二防护件27还包括第四防护部272，第四防护部272的至少部分覆盖于绝缘罩26的空白区域。
其中，第四防护部272的至少部分覆盖于绝缘罩26的空白区域，即由于端板24的本体部241上凸设有安装部242，以使绝缘罩26在第一方向X上存在未被端板24的本体部241和安装部242遮挡的部分，从而在绝缘罩26裸露的部分上覆盖有第四防护部272，以对绝缘罩26进行保护。
通过在绝缘罩26的空白区域上覆盖第四防护部272，以使第四防护部272能够对绝缘罩26未被端板24遮挡的部分进行防护，以减少绝缘罩26在受到外部的高温气流冲击时出现损坏或 熔化的现象，从而一方面能够有效降低绝缘罩26出现自燃的风险，另一方面有利于增加绝缘罩26的爬电距离，以提升绝缘罩26的绝缘效果，且能够缓解绝缘罩26出现绝缘失效的现象，以降低电池单体22与端板24之间出现高压短路拉弧的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图15，图15为本申请一些实施例提供的第二防护件27的第四防护部272的局部剖面图。第四防护部272包括层叠布置的第三加固板2721和第三防护层2722，第三防护层2722设置于第三加固板2721背离绝缘罩26的一侧。
其中，第三防护层2722设置于第三加固板2721背离绝缘罩26的一侧，即第三加固板2721在第一方向X上位于绝缘罩26和第三防护层2722之间。
示例性的，第三防护层2722的材质可以为云母纸或耐火陶瓷硅橡胶等。
示例性的，第三加固板2721的材质可以为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯或聚苯乙烯等材料。
进一步地，第四防护部272还包括第三粘接层2723，第三粘接层2723在第四防护部272的厚度方向上位于第三加固板2721与第三防护层2722之间，以将第三防护层2722粘接于第三加固板2721上。
示例性的，在图11中，第三粘接层2723为双面胶，在其他实施例中，第三粘接层2723也可以为粘接胶水等。
第四防护部272设置有层叠布置的第三加固板2721和第三防护层2722，在第三防护层2722能够对绝缘罩26起到防护作用的同时，通过第三加固板2721能够提高第四防护部272的硬度和抗冲击能力，从而便于对第四防护部272进行安装，且有利于提高第四防护部272覆盖于绝缘罩26上的稳定性。此外，采用这种结构的第四防护部272无需增大第三防护层2722的厚度，只需通过第三加固板2721即可保证第四防护部272的抗冲击能力，从而有利于降低第四防护部272的制造成本。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种电池100，电池100包括箱体10和以上任一方案的电池模块20，电池模块20容纳于箱体10内。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种用电装置，包括以上任一方案的电池100，并且电池100用于为用电装置提供电能。
用电装置可以是前述任一应用电池100的设备或系统。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参见图3-图7以及图9-图15所示，本申请提供了一种电池模块20，电池模块20包括第一防护件21、第二防护件27和多个电池单体22，多个电池单体22沿第一方向X排布，且电池单体22在第二方向Y上的一端设置有泄压机构221。第一防护件21包括第一防护部211和两个第二防护部212，第一防护部211覆盖于多个电池单体22设置有泄压机构221的一端，第一防护部211上开设有沿第一方向X间隔排布的多个排气口2111，且每相邻的两个电池单体22的泄压机构221之间设置一个排气口2111，以使排气口2111与泄压机构221在第二方向Y上错位设置。两个第二防护部212分别连接于第一防护部211在第三方向Z上的两端，第一方向X、第二方向Y和第三方向Z两两相互垂直。第二防护部212覆盖于侧板23的外侧表面上。第二防护件27包括第三防护部271和第四防护部272，第三防护部271覆盖于端板24的外侧表面上，第四防护部272覆盖于绝缘罩26未被端板24遮挡的区域上。其中，第一防护部211由多层云母纸层叠而成，且厚度不小于3。第二防护部212、第三防护部271和第四防护部272均由塑料板和云母纸在双面胶的粘接下层叠而成，且云母纸位于塑料板的外侧。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互结合。
以上仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种电池模块，包括：
    多个电池单体，所述多个电池单体沿第一方向排布，所述电池单体在第二方向上的一端设置有泄压机构，所述第二方向与所述第一方向相互垂直，所述泄压机构被配置为在所述电池单体的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放所述电池单体的内部压力；以及
    第一防护件，所述第一防护件包括第一防护部，所述第一防护部覆盖于所述多个电池单体设置有所述泄压机构的一端，所述第一防护部上开设有多个排气口，所述排气口与所述泄压机构在所述第二方向上错位设置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模块，其中，所述多个排气口包括至少一排排气口，每排排气口包括沿所述第一方向间隔布置的多个所述排气口。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池模块，其中，所述多个排气口包括一排排气口；
    在所述第一方向上，每相邻的两个所述电池单体的所述泄压机构之间设置一个所述排气口。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的电池模块，其中，所述多个排气口包括两排排气口；
    所述两排排气口分别位于所述泄压机构在第三方向上的两侧，所述第三方向垂直于所述第一方向和所述第二方向。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的电池模块，其中，所述第一防护部包括层叠布置的多层云母纸，所述第一防护部的厚度大于或等于3mm。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的电池模块，其中，所述电池模块在垂直于所述第一方向和所述第二方向的第三方向上具有相对的两个侧板；
    所述第一防护件还包括两个第二防护部，在所述第三方向上，两个所述第二防护部分别连接于所述第一防护部的两端，且所述两个第二防护部分别覆盖于所述两个侧板的外侧表面。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池模块，其中，所述第二防护部包括层叠布置的第一加固板和第一防护层；
    所述第一防护层设置于所述第一加固板背离所述侧板的一侧。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的电池模块，其中，所述电池模块在所述第一方向上具有相对的两个端板；
    所述电池模块还包括两个第二防护件，所述第二防护件与所述端板对应设置，所述第二防护件包括第三防护部，所述第三防护部的至少部分覆盖于所述端板的外侧表面。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池模块，其中，所述第三防护部包括层叠布置的第二加固板和第二防护层；
    所述第二防护层设置于所述第二加固板背离所述端板的一侧。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的电池模块，其中，所述端板包括本体部和安装部；
    所述本体部在所述第二方向上的顶部具有安装面；
    所述安装部凸设于所述安装面上，所述安装部用于安装与所述电池单体电连接的导电件，所述第三防护部的部分覆盖于所述安装面上。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池模块，其中，所述电池模块还具有绝缘罩，在所述第一方向上，所述绝缘罩设置于所述端板与所述多个电池单体之间，且所述绝缘罩具有未被所述端板遮挡的空白区域；
    所述第二防护件还包括第四防护部，所述第四防护部的至少部分覆盖于所述绝缘罩的所述空白区域。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池模块，其中，所述第四防护部包括层叠布置的第三加固板和第三防护层；
    所述第三防护层设置于所述第三加固板背离所述绝缘罩的一侧。
  13. 一种电池，包括：
    箱体；以及
    如权利要求1-12任一项所述的电池模块，所述电池模块容纳于所述箱体内。
  14. 一种用电装置，包括如权利要求13所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2023/070409 2022-01-07 2023-01-04 电池模块、电池及用电装置 WO2023131178A1 (zh)

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CN216720195U (zh) * 2022-01-07 2022-06-10 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池模块、电池及用电装置

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US20130252058A1 (en) * 2012-03-23 2013-09-26 Myung-Chul Kim Battery pack
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