WO2024065717A1 - 电池及用电设备 - Google Patents

电池及用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024065717A1
WO2024065717A1 PCT/CN2022/123365 CN2022123365W WO2024065717A1 WO 2024065717 A1 WO2024065717 A1 WO 2024065717A1 CN 2022123365 W CN2022123365 W CN 2022123365W WO 2024065717 A1 WO2024065717 A1 WO 2024065717A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
pressure relief
battery cell
thermal management
relief mechanism
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/123365
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李星
张辰辰
唐彧
李振华
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/123365 priority Critical patent/WO2024065717A1/zh
Publication of WO2024065717A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024065717A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/325—Re-sealable arrangements comprising deformable valve members, e.g. elastic or flexible valve members
    • H01M50/333—Spring-loaded vent valves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery and an electrical device.
  • Vehicles use secondary batteries, such as lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, solid-state batteries, etc., which have outstanding advantages such as high energy density and good cycle performance, and are widely used in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, electric tools, drones, energy storage equipment and other fields.
  • Simplifying the manufacturing process of batteries is conducive to improving the production efficiency of batteries and is of great significance to promoting the development of battery technology. Therefore, how to simplify the assembly process of batteries can become an urgent problem to be solved in the battery field.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a battery and an electrical device to reduce the difficulty of battery assembly.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery, comprising a battery cell and a functional component; a pressure relief mechanism is provided on one side of the battery cell along a first direction; the functional component is located on the side of the battery cell where the pressure relief mechanism is provided, and the functional component comprises a thermal management component and a protective component; the thermal management component is attached to the battery cell, and the thermal management component is used to adjust the temperature of the battery cell; the protective component is connected to the thermal management component and covers at least a portion of the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the protective component is connected to the thermal management component and integrated into a functional component.
  • the thermal management component and the protective component can be first formed into an integral structure and then assembled on the same side of the battery cell, which simplifies the installation process and reduces the difficulty of battery assembly.
  • the protective component and the thermal management component are arranged on the same side of the battery cell, which is conducive to the rational use of the internal space of the battery box.
  • a projection of the protective member in a plane perpendicular to the first direction covers the entire projection of the pressure relief mechanism in a plane perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the protective part covers the entire pressure relief mechanism, so the emissions discharged from the pressure relief mechanism can be blocked by the protective part as much as possible, reducing the risk of high-temperature gas discharged from the pressure relief mechanism spreading to other locations and damaging other structures of other batteries or causing fire.
  • the thermal management component is provided with an avoidance hole, which is used to avoid the pressure relief mechanism; along the first direction, the protective component is connected to the side of the thermal management part away from the battery cell and covers at least a portion of the avoidance hole.
  • the avoidance hole of the thermal management component avoids the pressure relief mechanism, which can prevent the thermal management component from interfering with the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the protective component is connected to the side of the thermal management part away from the battery cell and covers at least a portion of the avoidance hole, which can not only block the emissions discharged from the pressure relief mechanism, but the thickness of the thermal management component in the first direction can also increase the distance between the pressure relief mechanism and the protective component, which is conducive to the smooth opening of the pressure relief mechanism to relieve pressure.
  • a first flow channel is formed inside the protective member, and the first flow channel is used to accommodate a fluid medium.
  • a first flow channel is formed inside the protective member. If the first flow channel contains a fluid medium, the specific heat capacity of the protective member can be increased, thereby better playing the role of heat insulation and fire prevention.
  • a second flow channel for accommodating a fluid medium is formed inside the thermal management component, and the first flow channel is communicated with the second flow channel.
  • the first flow channel and the second flow channel are connected, so that the fluid medium in the first flow channel and the second flow channel can flow mutually, thereby improving the heat exchange capacity, so that the thermal management component can better regulate the temperature of the battery cell.
  • the battery further includes a one-way conductor configured to allow the fluid medium in the second flow channel to flow toward the first flow channel and prevent the fluid medium in the first flow channel from flowing toward the second flow channel.
  • the one-way conductive component allows the fluid medium to flow only from the second flow channel to the first flow channel.
  • the fluid medium can flow from the second flow channel to the first flow channel and flow from the damaged part to the pressure relief mechanism, thereby achieving cooling and fire extinguishing, so as to reduce the risk of safety accidents.
  • the first flow channel has a medium outlet
  • the second flow channel has a medium inlet
  • the first flow channel and the second flow channel have a medium outlet and a medium inlet respectively, which facilitates the circulation of the fluid medium inside the protective element and the thermal management element, thereby facilitating temperature regulation of the battery cell and maintaining a larger specific heat capacity of the protective element.
  • the avoidance hole penetrates at least one edge of the thermal management component along the second direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.
  • the avoidance hole passes through at least one edge of the thermal management component in the second direction, thereby forming a discharge channel in the second direction.
  • the exhaust can be discharged along the second direction, thereby improving the exhaust efficiency and reducing the risk of secondary accidents caused by the exhaust discharged from the pressure relief mechanism being blocked by the protective component and collected in the avoidance hole.
  • the protective member along the first direction, has a first surface facing the thermal management member and connected to the thermal management member, the first surface is provided with a groove, the groove passes through at least one edge of the protective member along the second direction, the groove is connected to the avoidance hole, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.
  • the groove passes through at least one edge of the protective member along the second direction, and the groove is connected to the avoidance hole. After the pressure relief mechanism is opened, the gas can be quickly discharged in the second direction in the groove, thereby improving the exhaust efficiency and reducing the risk of secondary accidents caused by the gas discharged from the pressure relief mechanism gathering in the avoidance hole.
  • the protective member includes a main body portion and an extension portion connected to each other, the main body portion is connected to a side of the thermal management member facing away from the battery cell, and the extension portion extends from the main body portion into the avoidance hole.
  • the extension part extends into the avoidance hole and can form a positioning match with the avoidance hole, thereby improving the relative stability of the thermal management part and the protective part.
  • the cross-sectional area of the first flow channel corresponding to the extension part is larger, which can accommodate more fluid medium, so that the specific heat capacity at the extension part is larger, thereby improving the protective ability of the protective part.
  • a gap is formed between the pressure relief mechanism and the protective member along the first direction.
  • a gap is formed between the pressure relief mechanism and the protective member in the first direction, so that the pressure relief mechanism can be opened smoothly to release the pressure inside the battery cell, thereby reducing the risk of safety accidents such as battery explosion and fire.
  • a size of the gap is h, satisfying 0.2 mm ⁇ h ⁇ 5 mm.
  • the functional components and the battery cell structure will not be compact and will occupy a large space. If the gap is too small in the first direction, the pressure relief mechanism may not be able to open to relieve pressure. Therefore, 0.2mm ⁇ h ⁇ 5mm can not only make the overall structure formed by the functional components and the battery cell more compact, but also enable the pressure relief mechanism to open smoothly to relieve pressure.
  • the area of the pressure relief mechanism is S, and the size of the gap along the first direction is h, satisfying
  • the larger the pressure relief area of the pressure relief mechanism the larger the space required to open and achieve pressure relief. It is beneficial for the pressure relief mechanism to open a certain area to achieve pressure relief.
  • the battery further includes an adhesive layer, and the thermal management component is connected to the battery cell through the adhesive layer.
  • the thermal management component is connected to the battery cell through the adhesive layer, and the connection stability is good, so that the functional component and the battery cell have a stable relative position relationship, and the connection method is simple, reducing the difficulty of assembling the battery cell.
  • the melting point of the material of the protective component is A, satisfying A ⁇ 1600°C.
  • the protective part is not easy to melt when a first flow channel is formed inside the protective part and a fluid medium is contained in the first flow channel, thereby causing the fluid medium in the protective part to spray out toward the pressure relief mechanism during the pressure relief process of the pressure relief mechanism, thereby playing a role in cooling and extinguishing fire.
  • a ⁇ 1600°C can not only block the high-temperature gas and other emissions discharged from the pressure relief mechanism, but also melt in time when the temperature of the high-temperature gas and other emissions discharged from the pressure relief mechanism is too high, so that the internal fluid medium can be sprayed out for cooling and extinguishing fire, thereby reducing the risk of serious safety accidents such as explosions and fires.
  • a ⁇ 800°C can not only block the high-temperature gas and other emissions discharged from the pressure relief mechanism, but also melt in time when the temperature of the emissions discharged from the pressure relief mechanism is too high, so that the internal fluid medium can be sprayed out for cooling and fire extinguishing, thereby reducing the risk of serious safety accidents such as explosion and fire, and reducing the risk of other parts inside the battery being damaged by high temperature.
  • the volume of the protective element is V 1 , with a unit of dm 3 , the capacity of the battery is C, with a unit of Ah, and 1 ⁇ V 1 /C is satisfied.
  • V 1 /C 10
  • V 1 /C the blocking ability of the protective element to block emissions far exceeds the blocking ability that matches the capacity of the battery, which not only causes performance waste, but also makes the volume of the protective element too large, occupying a large space. Therefore, V 1 /C ⁇ 10 can make the blocking ability of the protective element slightly larger than the blocking ability that matches the capacity of the battery, reducing performance waste, and also making the volume of the protective element not too large, reducing the space occupied by the protective element.
  • the volume of the thermal management component is V 2 , satisfying V 1 /V 2 ⁇ 0.5.
  • the temperature regulation capability of the thermal management component is generally matched with the capacity of the battery.
  • V 1 /V 2 if the volume of the thermal management component is too large, its temperature regulation capability exceeds the temperature regulation capability that the battery should theoretically require, resulting in performance waste.
  • V 1 /V 2 ⁇ 0.5, so that the temperature regulation capability of the thermal management component matches the capacity of the battery, reducing performance waste, and also making the volume of the thermal management component not too large, reducing the space occupied by the thermal management component.
  • V 1 /V 2 ⁇ 0.2.
  • V 1 /V 2 is greater than 0.2, when the battery capacity is constant, there is still a large performance waste in the thermal management component. Therefore, V 1 /V 2 ⁇ 0.2 can reduce performance waste and also make the volume of the thermal management component not too large, thereby reducing the space occupied by the thermal management component.
  • the battery includes a plurality of battery cells, each battery cell is provided with at least one pressure relief mechanism, the thermal management component is provided with a plurality of avoidance holes, and the avoidance holes are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the pressure relief mechanisms of the battery cells.
  • the avoidance holes are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the pressure relief mechanisms of the battery cells, so that each pressure relief mechanism can release the internal pressure of the battery cells and improve the safety performance of the battery.
  • the battery includes a plurality of protective members, each of which covers a avoidance hole.
  • each protective part covers the corresponding avoidance hole, which facilitates the replacement of the protective part.
  • the replacement process only the damaged part of the protective part needs to be replaced, and there is no need to replace all the protective parts, thereby reducing losses and saving costs.
  • a protective member covers a plurality of avoidance holes.
  • one protective member covers a plurality of avoidance holes, which can reduce the number of protective members of the battery; it can also reduce the parts that need to be assembled, thereby reducing the difficulty of assembly and improving assembly efficiency.
  • the battery cell further has an electrode terminal for outputting the electrical energy of the battery cell, and the functional component is arranged on a side of the battery cell away from the electrode terminal.
  • the functional component is arranged on the side of the battery cell away from the electrode terminal, which facilitates the connection of the electrode terminal with other structures inside the battery to output the electric energy of the battery cell. It can also reduce the risk of interference between the functional component and other structures inside the battery.
  • the battery cell further has an electrode terminal for outputting electrical energy of the battery cell
  • the functional component and the electrode terminal are located on the same side of the battery cell
  • the thermal management component is arranged to avoid the electrode terminal.
  • the functional component and the electrode terminal are located on the same side of the battery cell, and the thermal management component is arranged to avoid the electrode terminal.
  • the functional component can use the space where the electrode terminal protrudes from the end cover to improve the space utilization inside the battery, which is beneficial to improving the energy density of the battery.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, comprising a battery provided in any embodiment of the first aspect.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery in the prior art
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of batteries provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of batteries provided in other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a thermal management component provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG9 is a cross-sectional view of a thermal management component provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a protective member provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG11 is a cross-sectional view of a protective member provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG12 is an exploded view of a battery provided in yet some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG13 is an exploded view of a portion of the structure of the battery in FIG12 ;
  • FIG14 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a battery provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG15 is a schematic diagram of a supporting structure provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery provided in yet some embodiments of the present application.
  • Icons 1000-vehicle; 100', 100-battery; 10-box; 11-first part; 12-second part; 20', 20-battery cell; 21-end cover; 22-housing; 221-opening; 23-electrode assembly; 231-ear; 24', 24-electrode terminal; 25', 25-pressure relief mechanism; 30-functional component; 31', 31-thermal management component; 311-avoidance hole; 311a-first discharge channel; 312-second flow channel; 3121-medium inlet; 313-through hole; 32', 32-protection component; 321 -first flow channel; 3211-medium outlet; 3212-channel portion; 3213-accommodating portion; 322-first surface; 323-groove; 323a-second discharge channel; 324-main body; 325-extension portion; 40-one-way conductor; 50-gap; 60-adhesive layer; 70-support structure; 71-connecting portion; 72-first hollow portion;
  • the indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the application is usually placed when in use, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art, which is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.
  • the terms “first”, “second”, “third”, etc. are only used to distinguish the description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
  • Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power and solar power stations, but also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric cars, as well as military equipment and aerospace and other fields. With the continuous expansion of the application field of power batteries, the market demand is also constantly expanding.
  • battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries or magnesium-ion batteries, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • Battery cells may be cylindrical, flat, rectangular or other shapes, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this. Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to the packaging method: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in the present application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • the battery generally includes a box for encapsulating one or more battery cells.
  • the battery 100' comprises a battery cell 20', a heat management component 31' and a protective component 32'.
  • the heat management component 31' is used to adjust the temperature of the battery cell 20'
  • the protective component 32' covers the pressure relief mechanism 25'. After the pressure relief mechanism 25' is opened, the high-temperature gas and other emissions released can be blocked by the protective component 32', so as to play a role in heat insulation and fire prevention.
  • the thermal management component 31' and the protective component 32' are respectively arranged on the opposite sides of the battery cell 20'.
  • the electrode terminal 24' and the pressure relief mechanism 25' of the battery cell 20' are arranged on the same side of the battery cell 20'.
  • the thermal management component 31 is arranged on the side of the battery cell 20' away from the electrode terminal 24' to adjust the temperature of the battery cell 20'.
  • the protective component 32' is arranged on the side of the electrode terminal 24' and covers the pressure relief mechanism 25'.
  • the thermal management component 31' and the protective component 32' need to be respectively installed on the opposite sides of the battery cell 20', which not only complicates the installation process and is difficult to assemble, but also occupies the space on the opposite sides of the battery cell 20', and the space utilization is unreasonable.
  • the inventors have designed a battery 100 after in-depth research, and the battery 100 includes a battery cell 20 and a functional component 30; a pressure relief mechanism 25 is provided on one side of the battery cell 20 along the first direction X; the functional component 30 is located on the side of the battery cell 20 where the pressure relief mechanism 25 is provided, and the functional component 30 includes a thermal management component 31 and a protective component 32; the thermal management component 31 is attached to the battery cell 20, and the thermal management component 31 is used to adjust the temperature of the battery cell 20; the protective component 32 is connected to the thermal management component 31 and covers at least a portion of the pressure relief mechanism 25.
  • the protective component 32 is connected to the thermal management component 31 to form the functional component 30.
  • the thermal management component 31 and the protective component 32 can be first formed into an integral structure and then assembled on the same side of the battery cell 20, which simplifies the installation process and reduces the difficulty of assembling the battery 100.
  • protection component 32 and the heat management component 31 are disposed on the same side of the battery cell 20 , which is beneficial to reasonably utilizing the internal space of the box body 10 of the battery 100 .
  • the battery 100 disclosed in the embodiment of the present application can be used in, but is not limited to, electrical equipment such as vehicles 1000, ships or aircraft.
  • a power supply system equipped with the battery 100 disclosed in the present application can also be used for the electrical equipment, which helps to reduce the difficulty of assembling the battery 100 of the electrical equipment.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an electric device using a battery as a power source
  • the electric device may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a laptop, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric car, a ship, a spacecraft, etc.
  • the electric toy may include a fixed or mobile electric toy, for example, a game console, an electric car toy, an electric ship toy, an electric airplane toy, etc.
  • the spacecraft may include an airplane, a rocket, a space shuttle, a spacecraft, etc.
  • the vehicle 1000 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • a battery 100 is arranged inside the vehicle 1000, and the battery 100 may be arranged at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 may be used to power the vehicle 1000, for example, the battery 100 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000.
  • the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300, and the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to power the motor 300, for example, for starting, navigating and driving the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 can not only serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also serve as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 includes a housing 10 and a battery cell 20, and the battery cell 20 is contained in the housing 10.
  • the housing 10 is used to provide a storage space for the battery cell 20, and the housing 10 can adopt a variety of structures.
  • the housing 10 can include a first part 11 and a second part 12, and the first part 11 and the second part 12 cover each other, and the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a storage space for accommodating the battery cell 20.
  • the second part 12 can be a hollow structure with an opening 221 at one end to form a storage cavity for accommodating the battery cell 20, and the first part 11 can be a plate-like structure, and the first part 11 covers the opening 221 side of the second part 12, so that the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a storage space; the first part 11 and the second part 12 can also be hollow structures with an opening 221 on one side to form a storage cavity for accommodating the battery cell 20, and the opening 221 side of the first part 11 covers the opening 221 side of the second part 12.
  • the box body 10 formed by the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, etc.
  • the battery 100 there may be multiple battery cells 20, and the multiple battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection.
  • a mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 20 are both connected in series and in parallel.
  • the multiple battery cells 20 may be directly connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection, and then the whole formed by the multiple battery cells 20 is accommodated in the box 10; of course, the battery 100 may also be a battery module formed by connecting multiple battery cells 20 in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection, and then the multiple battery modules are connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection to form a whole, and accommodated in the box 10.
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures, for example, the battery 100 may also include a busbar component for realizing electrical connection between the multiple battery cells 20.
  • the battery 100 may further include a busbar component (not shown), and the multiple battery cells 20 may be electrically connected via the busbar component to achieve series connection, parallel connection, or mixed connection of the multiple battery cells 20 .
  • Each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery 100 or a primary battery 100, or a lithium-sulfur battery 100, a sodium-ion battery 100, or a magnesium-ion battery 100, but is not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 20 may be flat, rectangular, or in other shapes.
  • the battery cell 20 refers to the smallest unit constituting the battery 100. As shown in FIG4 , the battery cell 20 includes an end cap 21, a housing 22, an electrode assembly 23 and other functional components.
  • the end cap 21 refers to a component that covers the opening 221 of the shell 22 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 20 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the end cap 21 can be adapted to the shape of the shell 22 to match the shell 22.
  • the end cap 21 can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy), so that the end cap 21 is not easily deformed when squeezed and collided, so that the battery cell 20 can have a higher structural strength and the safety performance can also be improved.
  • Functional components such as electrode terminals 24 can be provided on the end cap 21. The electrode terminal 24 can be used to electrically connect with the electrode assembly 23 to output or input the electrical energy of the battery cell 20.
  • the end cap 21 can also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism 25 for releasing the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold.
  • the material of the end cap 21 can also be a variety of materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., and the embodiment of the present application does not impose any special restrictions on this.
  • an insulating member may be provided inside the end cap 21, and the insulating member may be used to isolate the electrical connection components in the housing 22 from the end cap 21 to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the insulating member may be plastic, rubber, or the like.
  • the shell 22 is a component used to cooperate with the end cap 21 to form the internal environment of the battery cell 20, wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the electrode assembly 23, the electrolyte and other components.
  • the shell 22 and the end cap 21 can be independent components, and an opening 221 can be set on the shell 22, and the internal environment of the battery cell 20 is formed by covering the end cap 21 at the opening 221.
  • the end cap 21 and the shell 22 can also be integrated.
  • the end cap 21 and the shell 22 can form a common connection surface before other components are put into the shell, and when the interior of the shell 22 needs to be encapsulated, the end cap 21 covers the shell 22.
  • the shell 22 can be of various shapes and sizes, such as a rectangular parallelepiped, a cylindrical shape, a hexagonal prism, etc. Specifically, the shape of the shell 22 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electrode assembly 23.
  • the material of the shell 22 can be various, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., and the embodiment of the present application does not impose any special restrictions on this.
  • the electrode assembly 23 is a component in the battery cell 20 where electrochemical reactions occur.
  • One or more electrode assemblies 23 may be included in the housing 22.
  • the electrode assembly 23 is mainly formed by winding or stacking positive and negative electrode sheets, and a separator is usually provided between the positive and negative electrode sheets.
  • the parts of the positive and negative electrode sheets with active materials constitute the main body of the electrode assembly 23, and the parts of the positive and negative electrode sheets without active materials each constitute a pole ear 231.
  • the positive pole ear 231 and the negative pole ear 231 may be located together at one end of the main body or respectively at both ends of the main body. During the charge and discharge process of the battery 100, the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material react with the electrolyte, and the pole ear 231 connects the electrode terminal 24 to form a current loop.
  • the battery 100 includes a battery cell 20 and a functional component 30; a pressure relief mechanism 25 is provided on one side of the battery cell 20 along the first direction X; the functional component 30 is located on the side of the battery cell 20 where the pressure relief mechanism 25 is provided, and the functional component 30 includes a thermal management component 31 and a protective component 32; the thermal management component 31 is attached to the battery cell 20, and the thermal management component 31 is used to adjust the temperature of the battery cell 20; the protective component 32 is connected to the thermal management component 31 and covers at least a portion of the pressure relief mechanism 25.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 25 may refer to an element or component that is actuated to release the internal pressure or temperature when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a predetermined threshold.
  • the threshold design varies according to different design requirements. The threshold may depend on one or more materials of the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, electrolyte and isolation membrane in the battery cell 20.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 25 may take the form of an explosion-proof valve, an explosion-proof disk, an air valve, a pressure relief valve or a safety valve, and may specifically adopt a pressure-sensitive or temperature-sensitive element or structure, that is, when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a predetermined threshold, the pressure relief mechanism 25 performs an action or a weak structure provided in the pressure relief mechanism 25 is destroyed, thereby forming an opening 221 or channel for internal pressure or temperature release.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 25 may be disposed on the end cap 21 of the battery cell 20, or may be disposed on the housing 22 of the battery cell 20.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 25 and the electrode terminal 24 may be located on the same side of the battery cell 20.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 25 and the electrode terminal 24 may be located on different sides of the battery cell 20, for example, the pressure relief mechanism 25 and the electrode terminal 24 are located on opposite sides of the battery cell 20 along the first direction X.
  • the thermal management component 31 can increase the temperature of the battery cell 20. For example, when the ambient temperature is low and the battery cell 20 cannot be charged or discharged normally, the thermal management component 31 can be used to increase the temperature of the battery cell 20 so that the battery cell 20 can be charged and discharged normally.
  • the thermal management component 31 can be used to reduce the temperature of the battery cell 20. For example, when the temperature of the battery cell 20 rises during the charging and discharging process of the battery cell 20 or the ambient temperature of the battery cell 20 is too high, the thermal management component 31 can be used to cool the battery cell 20 so that the battery cell 20 maintains a normal operating temperature and reduces the possibility of safety accidents.
  • the protective member 32 has good high temperature resistance and is used to block the emissions discharged from the battery cell 20 through the pressure relief mechanism 25.
  • the emissions from the battery cell include high temperature gas, electrolyte, dissolved or split positive and negative electrodes, fragments of the isolation membrane, high temperature and high pressure gas generated by the reaction, flames, and the like.
  • the material of the protection member 32 can be iron, steel, copper, gold, aluminum, magnesium, etc.
  • the protective member 32 covers at least a portion of the pressure relief mechanism 25, and the protective member 32 overlaps at least a portion of the projection of the pressure relief mechanism 25 in a plane perpendicular to the first direction X.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 25 releases the pressure inside the battery cell 20
  • the emissions discharged by the battery cell 20 through the pressure relief mechanism 25 can be at least partially blocked by the protective member 32, so as to avoid the emissions with a higher temperature from contacting other structures inside the battery 100 or delay the time for the emissions with a higher temperature to contact other structures inside the battery 100, reduce the risk of high temperature damaging other structures inside the battery 100, and reduce the risk of other structures inside the battery cell 20 being subjected to high temperature due to the pressure relief mechanism 25, causing fire, explosion and other safety accidents.
  • the thermal management component 31 and the battery cell 20 may be in contact or connected, for example, the thermal management component 31 and the battery cell 20 are bonded together by an adhesive.
  • the protective member 32 is connected to the thermal management member 31, and the protective member 32 and the thermal management member 31 are integrated into one.
  • the protective member 32 and the thermal management member 31 can be fixedly connected, such as by welding.
  • the protective member 32 and the thermal management member 31 can also be detachably connected, such as by snap connection.
  • the thermal management member 31 and the protective member 32 can also be integrally formed.
  • the protective component 32 is connected to the thermal management component 31 and integrated into the functional component 30.
  • the thermal management component 31 and the protective component 32 can be first formed into an integral structure and then assembled on the same side of the battery cell 20, which simplifies the installation process and reduces the difficulty of assembling the battery 100.
  • the protective component 32 and the thermal management component 31 are arranged on the same side of the battery cell 20, which is conducive to the rational use of the internal space of the box 10 of the battery 100.
  • a projection of the protection member 32 in a plane perpendicular to the first direction X covers the entire projection of the pressure relief mechanism 25 in a plane perpendicular to the first direction X.
  • the protective member 32 completely covers the pressure relief mechanism 25, so the emissions discharged from the battery cell 20 through the pressure relief mechanism 25 can all act on the protective member 32.
  • the protective member 32 can prevent the emissions from further moving along the injection direction to other positions inside the battery 100 or change the movement path of the emissions, so as to delay the time for the emissions to act on other structures inside the battery 100, which is beneficial to cooling the emissions.
  • the protective member 32 covers the entire pressure relief mechanism 25, so that the emissions discharged from the pressure relief mechanism 25 can be blocked by the protective member 32 as much as possible, reducing the risk of the high temperature carried by the emissions discharged from the pressure relief mechanism 25 damaging other structures inside the battery 100 and causing safety accidents such as fire and explosion.
  • the projections of the heat management member 31 and the protection member 32 on the surface perpendicular to the first direction X may overlap or may not overlap.
  • the thermal management component 31 is provided with an avoidance hole 311, which is used to avoid the pressure relief mechanism 25; along the first direction X, the protective component 32 is connected to the side of the thermal management part away from the battery cell 20 and covers at least a portion of the avoidance hole 311.
  • the shape of the avoidance hole 311 is not limited, and can be a round hole, a square hole, a bar hole, or other special-shaped holes.
  • the shape of the avoidance hole 311 can also match the shape of the pressure relief mechanism 25.
  • the shape of the avoidance hole 311 can also be elliptical.
  • the projection of the pressure relief mechanism 25 on the thermal management component 31 is located inside the avoidance hole 311.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 25 can extend into the avoidance hole 311, or it can be located outside the avoidance hole 311.
  • the protection member 32 and the heat management member 31 can be connected by welding, bonding, etc.
  • the protection member 32 is connected to the side of the heat management member 31 away from the battery cell 20, and the projections of the protection member 32 and the heat management member 31 in the plane perpendicular to the first direction X can at least partially overlap.
  • the avoidance hole 311 of the thermal management component 31 avoids the pressure relief mechanism 25, which can prevent the thermal management component 31 from interfering with the pressure relief mechanism 25.
  • the protective component 32 is connected to the side of the thermal management component 31 away from the battery cell 20 and covers at least a portion of the avoidance hole 311, which can not only block the emissions discharged from the pressure relief mechanism 25, but the thickness of the thermal management component 31 in the first direction X can also increase the distance between the pressure relief mechanism 25 and the protective component 32, which is conducive to the smooth opening of the pressure relief mechanism 25 to relieve pressure.
  • a first flow channel 321 is formed inside the protection member 32 , and the first flow channel 321 is used to accommodate a fluid medium.
  • the first flow channel 321 may be a closed space.
  • the first flow channel 321 may also have a space with openings 221 at both ends, so that the fluid medium can flow along the extension direction of the first flow channel 321 .
  • the fluid medium contained in the first flow channel 321 can be gas or liquid, for example, the fluid medium can be air, water, etc.
  • a first flow channel 321 is formed inside the protective member 32. If the first flow channel 321 contains a fluid medium, the specific heat capacity of the protective member 32 can be increased, thereby better playing the role of heat insulation and fire prevention.
  • a second flow channel 312 for accommodating a fluid medium is formed inside the heat management component 31 , and the first flow channel 321 and the second flow channel 312 are connected.
  • the first flow channel 321 and the second flow channel 312 are connected to form a closed space, and the fluid medium is confined in the space of the first flow channel 321 and the second flow channel 312.
  • the first flow channel 321 and the second flow channel 312 can form a space with an outlet and an inlet so that the fluid medium can flow along the extension direction of the first flow channel 321 and the second flow channel 312.
  • the first flow channel 321 and the second flow channel 312 are connected, so that the fluid media in the first flow channel 321 and the second flow channel 312 can flow mutually, thereby improving the heat exchange capacity, so that the thermal management component 31 can better regulate the temperature of the battery cell 20 .
  • the fluid medium in the first flow channel 321 can flow into the second flow channel 312 , and the fluid medium in the second flow channel 312 can also flow into the first flow channel 321 .
  • the battery 100 also includes a one-way conductor 40, which is configured to allow the fluid medium in the second flow channel 312 to flow to the first flow channel 321 and prevent the fluid medium in the first flow channel 321 from flowing to the second flow channel 312.
  • the one-way conducting member 40 may be a one-way valve.
  • the one-way conductive member 40 allows the fluid medium to flow only from the second flow channel 312 to the first flow channel 321.
  • the fluid medium can flow from the second flow channel 312 to the first flow channel 321 and flow from the damaged part to the pressure relief mechanism 25, thereby achieving cooling and fire extinguishing, thereby reducing the risk of safety accidents.
  • the first flow channel 321 has a medium outlet 3211 (shown in FIG. 13 ), and the second flow channel 312 has a medium inlet 3121 (shown in FIG. 13 ).
  • the fluid medium can enter the first flow channel 321 from the medium inlet 3121, flow toward the second flow channel 312, and finally be discharged from the medium outlet 3211.
  • the medium inlet 3121 can be connected to a supply device that provides the fluid medium
  • the medium outlet 3211 can be connected to a return device that collects the fluid medium, wherein the return device and the supply device can be the same.
  • the first flow channel 321 and the second flow channel 312 respectively have a medium outlet 3211 and a medium inlet 3121 , which facilitates the fluid medium to circulate inside the protection member 32 and the thermal management member 31 , thereby facilitating temperature regulation of the battery cell 20 and maintaining a larger specific heat capacity of the protection member 32 .
  • the avoidance hole 311 passes through at least one edge of the thermal management component 31, and the first direction X is perpendicular to the second direction.
  • the avoidance hole 311 passes through an edge of the heat management component 31 in the second direction.
  • the heat management component forms a first discharge channel extending along the second direction, and the exhaust can be discharged along the direction in which the avoidance hole 311 passes through the edge of the heat management component 31.
  • the second direction is any direction perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the avoidance hole 311 may penetrate one edge of the heat management component 31 or multiple edges along the second direction Y. In the embodiment where the avoidance hole 311 penetrates multiple edges of the heat management component 31 along the second direction Y, multiple first discharge channels may be formed in the circumferential direction of the pressure relief mechanism 25, which is beneficial to improving the discharge efficiency.
  • the first exhaust passage 311a may penetrate two opposite surfaces of the heat-management member 31 along the first direction. As shown in Fig. 9, the first exhaust passage 311a may extend one surface of the heat-management member 31 along the first direction.
  • the avoidance hole 311 penetrates at least one edge of the thermal management component 31 in the second direction, thereby forming a discharge channel in the second direction. After the pressure relief mechanism 25 is opened, the exhaust can be discharged along the second direction, thereby improving the exhaust efficiency and reducing the risk of secondary accidents caused by the exhaust discharged from the pressure relief mechanism 25 being blocked by the protective component 32 and gathering in the avoidance hole 311.
  • the protective member 32 is connected to a side of the thermal management member 31 facing away from the battery cell 20, along the first direction X
  • the protective member 32 has a first surface 322 facing the thermal management member 31 and connected to the thermal management member 31, the first surface 322 is provided with a groove 323, the groove 323 passes through at least one edge of the protective member 32 along the second direction, the groove 323 is connected to the avoidance hole 311, and the first direction X is perpendicular to the second direction.
  • the groove 323 is connected to the avoidance hole 311, and the groove 323 penetrates at least one edge of the protective member 32 in the second direction.
  • the protective member 32 forms a second discharge channel extending along the second direction. Then, in the second direction, the discharge can be discharged through the avoidance hole 311 and the groove 323 in sequence.
  • the second discharge channel 323a can penetrate two opposite surfaces of the protection member 32 along the first direction, that is, along the first direction X, the groove 323 extends to another surface opposite to the first surface 322, and the area defined by the dotted line in FIG10 can be an area covering the avoidance hole 311 in the first direction and opposite to the pressure relief mechanism 25.
  • the second discharge channel 323a can extend one surface of the protection member 32 along the first direction X, that is, along the first direction X, there is a distance between the bottom surface of the groove 323 and another surface of the protection member 32 opposite to the first surface 322 in the first direction X.
  • the groove 323 may penetrate one edge of the protective member 32 along the second direction, or may penetrate multiple edges. In the embodiment where the groove 323 penetrates multiple edges of the protective member 32 along the second direction, the groove 323 forms multiple second discharge channels 323a extending along the second direction and communicating with the avoidance hole 311, and the discharge can be discharged from the multiple second discharge channels 323a synchronously, which is conducive to improving the discharge efficiency.
  • the groove 323 penetrates at least one edge of the protective member 32 along the second direction, and the groove 323 is connected to the avoidance hole 311. After the pressure relief mechanism 25 is opened, the gas can be quickly discharged along the second direction in the groove 323, thereby improving the exhaust efficiency and reducing the risk of secondary accidents caused by the gas discharged from the pressure relief mechanism 25 gathering in the avoidance hole 311.
  • the protective member 32 includes a connected main body portion 324 and an extension portion 325.
  • the main body portion 324 is connected to the side of the thermal management member 31 away from the battery cell 20, and the extension portion 325 extends from the main body portion 324 to the avoidance hole 311.
  • the body portion 324 and the heat-management member 31 are stacked in the first direction X.
  • the edge of the body portion 324 may exceed the edge of the heat-management member 31, or the edge of the heat-management member 31 may exceed the edge of the body portion 324 (as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 ), or the edge of the body portion 324 may be flush with the edge of the heat-management member 31 (as shown in FIG. 7 ).
  • a channel portion 3212 is formed inside the body portion 324, and a receiving portion 3213 is formed inside the extension portion 325.
  • the channel portion 3212 and the receiving portion 3213 are connected at the connection position between the body portion 324 and the extension portion 325, and the channel portion 3212 and the receiving portion 3213 together constitute the first flow channel 321.
  • the cross-sectional area of the first flow channel 321 at the position where the channel portion 3212 and the receiving portion 3213 overlap is larger than that at other positions, and the flow rate of the first flow channel 321 at the position where the channel portion 3212 and the receiving portion 3213 overlap is larger than that at other positions of the first flow channel 321, and more fluid medium can be accommodated.
  • the position where the first flow channel 321 overlaps the channel portion 3212 and the receiving portion 3213 is directly opposite to the pressure relief mechanism 25, so that the specific heat capacity at the extension portion 325 is larger, thereby improving the protective capability of the protective member 32.
  • extension portion 325 extends into the avoidance hole 311 and can form a positioning match with the avoidance hole 311 , thereby improving the relative stability of the heat management component 31 and the protection component 32 .
  • the protective member 32 may also include only the main body portion 324 and not include the extension portion 325 , so that the gap 50 between the position where the protective member 32 covers the pressure relief mechanism 25 and the pressure relief mechanism 25 in the first direction X is larger, which is conducive to the smooth opening of the pressure relief mechanism 25 and timely pressure relief of the battery cell 20 .
  • a gap 50 is formed between the pressure relief mechanism 25 and the protection member 32 .
  • the gap 50 formed between the pressure relief mechanism 25 and the protection member 32 refers to the space between the pressure relief mechanism 25 and the end of the extension portion 325 away from the main body portion 324 .
  • the gap 50 formed between the pressure relief mechanism 25 and the protection member 32 refers to the space between the surface of the body portion 324 facing the pressure relief mechanism 25 and the pressure relief mechanism 25 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 25 When the internal pressure of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold, the pressure relief mechanism 25 will generate certain actions or be activated to a certain state, so that the internal pressure and temperature of the battery cell 20 can be released.
  • the actions generated by the pressure relief mechanism 25 may include but are not limited to: at least a part of the pressure relief mechanism 25 is broken, shattered, torn or opened, etc. There needs to be a certain space around the pressure relief mechanism 25 to meet the generation of the action of the pressure relief mechanism 25.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 25 and the protective member 32 form a gap 50 in the first direction X, which facilitates the pressure relief mechanism 25 to open smoothly to release the pressure inside the battery cell 20, so as to reduce the risk of safety accidents such as explosion and fire of the battery 100.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 25 may have different structural forms and pressure relief methods. If the protective member 32 abuts against the pressure relief mechanism 25 in the first direction X, the pressure relief mechanism 25 can also achieve pressure relief, and the embodiments of the present application are also feasible.
  • the size of the gap 50 is h, satisfying 0.2 mm ⁇ h ⁇ 5 mm.
  • h can be 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.8mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm, 4.5mm, etc.
  • the functional component 30 and the battery cell 20 will not be compact and will occupy a large space. If the gap 50 is too small in the first direction X, the pressure relief mechanism 25 may not be able to open to relieve pressure. Therefore, 0.2mm ⁇ h ⁇ 5mm can make the overall structure formed by the functional component 30 and the battery cell 20 more compact and enable the pressure relief mechanism 25 to open smoothly to relieve pressure.
  • the area of the pressure relief mechanism 25 is S, and the size of the gap along the first direction is h, satisfying
  • the area S of the pressure relief mechanism 25 is in units of mm 2 .
  • the area of the pressure relief mechanism 25 may be the area of the projection of the pressure relief mechanism 25 in a plane perpendicular to the first direction X.
  • the area of the pressure relief mechanism 25 may be obtained by converting the shape of the pressure relief mechanism 25 into a circle.
  • the thermal management component 31 may be in contact with or connected to the battery cell 20, so that the thermal management component 31 is attached to the battery cell 20.
  • the thermal management component 31 and the battery cell 20 may be bonded, welded, snap-connected, etc.
  • the battery 100 further includes an adhesive layer 60, and the thermal management component 31 is connected to the battery cell 20 through the adhesive layer 60.
  • the adhesive layer 60 may be formed by solidifying a liquid glue applied between the battery cell 20 and the heat management component 31 , or may be an adhesive tape bonded between the heat management component 31 and the battery cell 20 .
  • the thermal management component 31 is connected to the battery cell 20 through the adhesive layer 60 , and the connection stability is good, so that the functional component 30 and the battery cell 20 have a stable relative position relationship, and the connection method is simple, which reduces the difficulty of assembling the battery cell 20 .
  • the protection member 32 is connected to the side of the thermal management member 31 away from the battery cell 20 , and the thickness of the adhesive layer 60 is m, satisfying 0.2 ⁇ m ⁇ 5mm.
  • the thickness of the adhesive layer 60 refers to the distance along the first direction X between the surface of the adhesive layer 60 facing the battery cell 20 and the surface of the adhesive layer 60 facing the heat-management member 31 .
  • m can be 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.8mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm, 4.5mm, etc.
  • the thickness of the adhesive layer 60 is too small, the bonding strength is insufficient. If the thickness of the adhesive layer 60 is too large, the adhesive layer 60 occupies a large space. Therefore, the thickness m of the adhesive layer 60 satisfies 0.2mm ⁇ m ⁇ 5mm, which can not only ensure that the adhesive layer 60 has sufficient bonding strength, but also make the thickness of the adhesive layer 60 reasonable, avoiding the volume of the adhesive layer 60 being too large and affecting the energy density of the battery 100.
  • the melting point of the material of the protection member 32 is A, satisfying A ⁇ 1600°C.
  • the melting point is the temperature at which a solid changes its physical state from a solid state (melts) to a liquid state, that is, the temperature at which the protective member 32 changes from a solid state to a molten state.
  • A can be 1500°C, 1400°C, 1300°C, 1200°C, 1100°C, 1000°C, 900°C, 700°C, 600°C, 500°C, 400°C, etc.
  • the material of the protective member 32 can be iron (melting point 1535°C), steel (melting point 1515°C), copper (melting point 1083°C), gold (melting point 1064°C), etc.
  • the melting point of the material of the protective component 32 is too high, when the first flow channel 321 is formed inside the protective component 32 and the first flow channel 321 contains a fluid medium, the protective component 32 is not easy to be melted, so that the fluid medium in the protective component 32 is sprayed toward the pressure relief mechanism 25 during the pressure relief process of the pressure relief mechanism 25, thereby playing a role in cooling and extinguishing fire.
  • a ⁇ 1300°C can not only block the high-temperature gas and other emissions discharged from the pressure relief mechanism 25, but also melt in time when the temperature of the high-temperature gas and other emissions discharged from the pressure relief mechanism 25 is too high, so that the internal fluid medium can be sprayed out for cooling and extinguishing fire, thereby reducing the risk of serious safety accidents such as explosions and fires.
  • A can be 750° C., 650° C., 550° C., 450° C., 350° C., 250° C., 200° C., 100° C., etc.
  • the material of the protection member 32 can be aluminum (melting point is 660° C.), magnesium (melting point is 648.8° C.), etc.
  • a ⁇ 800°C can not only block the high-temperature gas and other emissions discharged from the pressure relief mechanism 25, but also melt in time when the temperature of the emissions discharged from the pressure relief mechanism 25 is too high, so that the internal fluid medium can be sprayed out for cooling and fire extinguishing, thereby reducing the risk of serious safety accidents such as explosions and fires, and reducing the risk of other components inside the battery 100 being damaged by high temperature.
  • the volume of the protection member 32 is V 1 , in units of dm 3
  • the capacity of the battery 100 is C, in units of Ah, satisfying 1 ⁇ V 1 /C.
  • V 1 /C can be 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, etc.
  • V 1 /C 10
  • V 1 /C may be 9.5, 9, 8.5, 7, 7.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.5, etc.
  • V 1 /C If V 1 /C is too large, the blocking ability of the protective member 32 to block emissions far exceeds the blocking ability that matches the capacity of the battery 100, which not only causes performance waste, but also makes the volume of the protective member 32 too large, occupying a large space. Therefore, V 1 /C ⁇ 10 can make the blocking ability of the protective member 32 slightly larger than the blocking ability that matches the capacity of the battery 100, reduce performance waste, and also make the volume of the protective member 32 not too large, reducing the space occupied by the protective member 32.
  • the volume of the thermal management component 31 is V 2 , satisfying V 1 /V 2 ⁇ 0.5.
  • V 1 /V 2 can be 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, etc.
  • the temperature regulation capability of the thermal management component 31 matches the capacity of the battery 100.
  • V 1 /V 2 if the volume of the thermal management component 31 is too large, its temperature regulation capability exceeds the temperature regulation capability that the battery 100 should theoretically require, resulting in performance waste.
  • V 1 /V 2 ⁇ 0.5, so that the temperature regulation capability of the thermal management component 31 matches the capacity of the battery 100, reducing performance waste, and also making the volume of the thermal management component 31 not too large, reducing the space occupied by the thermal management component 31.
  • V 1 /V 2 ⁇ 0.2.
  • V 1 /V 2 may be 0.02, 0.05, 0.07, 0.09, 0.11, 0.13, 0.17, 0.019, etc.
  • V 1 /V 2 is greater than 0.2, the thermal management component 31 still has a large performance waste when the capacity of the battery 100 is constant. Therefore, V 1 /V 2 ⁇ 0.2 can reduce performance waste and also make the volume of the thermal management component 31 not too large, thereby reducing the space occupied by the thermal management component 31.
  • the battery 100 includes a plurality of battery cells 20 , each battery cell 20 is provided with at least one pressure relief mechanism 25 , and the thermal management component 31 is provided with a plurality of avoidance holes 311 , which are arranged one-to-one correspondingly to the pressure relief mechanisms 25 of the battery cells 20 .
  • the heat management component 31 can simultaneously adjust the temperature of multiple battery cells 20 .
  • the heat management component 31 is provided with multiple avoidance holes 311 so that the heat management component 31 can avoid the pressure relief mechanism 25 of each battery cell 20 attached thereto to avoid interfering with the pressure relief of the battery cell 20 .
  • the avoidance holes 311 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the pressure relief mechanisms 25 of the battery cells 20 , so that each pressure relief mechanism 25 can release the internal pressure of the battery cells 20 , thereby improving the safety performance of the battery 100 .
  • the heat management component 31 may also be provided with an avoidance hole 311 , and the avoidance hole 311 avoids the pressure relief mechanisms 25 of multiple battery cells 20 , which can make the structure of the heat management component 31 simpler.
  • the battery 100 includes a plurality of protection members 32 , and each protection member 32 covers one avoidance hole 311 .
  • the protective members 32 and the avoidance holes 311 are arranged one by one. Each protective member 32 covers the corresponding avoidance hole 311, so that the discharge discharged by the corresponding pressure relief mechanism 25 plays a blocking role.
  • Each protective member 32 covers the corresponding avoidance hole 311, which facilitates the replacement of the protective member 32. During the replacement process, only the damaged part of the protective member 32 needs to be replaced, and there is no need to replace all the protective members 32, thereby reducing losses and saving costs.
  • one protective member 32 covers multiple avoidance holes 311. It can be understood that one protective member 32 can block the discharge of multiple pressure relief mechanisms 25. This can reduce the number of protective members 32 of the battery 100 and the number of parts to be assembled, thereby reducing the difficulty of assembly and improving assembly efficiency.
  • the battery 100 includes a plurality of battery cells 20, at least a portion of the plurality of battery cells 20 are stacked and arranged along a first direction X.
  • the pressure relief mechanisms 25 of two adjacent battery cells 20 may be arranged relative to each other, and two functional components 30 may be arranged between two adjacent battery cells 20 along the first direction X.
  • a support structure 70 is arranged between two functional components 30 between two adjacent battery cells 20 in the first direction X.
  • one functional component 30 is arranged between the support structure 70 and one battery cell 20, and another functional component 30 is arranged between the support structure 70 and another battery cell 20.
  • the support structure 70 is a hollow structure.
  • the support structure 70 includes a connecting portion 71, a first hollow portion 72 and a second hollow portion 73.
  • the first hollow portion 72 and the second hollow portion 73 are respectively connected to the two ends of the connecting portion 71 along the second direction Y.
  • the cross-sections of the first hollow portion 72 and the second hollow portion 73 are both triangular, and triangular cavities are formed inside the first hollow portion 72 and the second hollow portion 73 to reduce the weight of the support structure 70.
  • the first limiting portion 74 is respectively connected to the two surfaces of the first hollow portion 72 in the first direction X.
  • the first limiting portion 74 protrudes from the surface of the first hollow portion 72 in the direction close to the second hollow portion 73 along the second direction Y, and the first limiting portion 74 and the surface of the first hollow portion 72 in the first direction X define a first space 75.
  • the second limiting portions 76 are connected to two surfaces of the second hollow portion 73 in the first direction X, respectively.
  • the second limiting portions 76 protrude from the surface of the second hollow portion 73 in the direction close to the first hollow portion 72 along the second direction Y, and define a second space 77 on the surface of the second limiting portion 76 and the second hollow portion 73 in the first direction X.
  • the two ends of the heat management component 31 in the second direction respectively abut against one end of the first limiting portion 74 facing the second hollow portion 73 and one end of the second limiting portion 76 facing the first hollow portion 72, so as to limit the heat management component 31.
  • the two ends of the protection component 32 in the second direction Y are respectively clamped in the first space 75 and the second space 77, so as to limit the protection component 32, thereby limiting the functional component 30 and improving the installation stability of the functional component 30.
  • the second direction Y can be any direction perpendicular to the first direction X
  • the extension direction of the first discharge channel 311a, the extension direction of the second discharge channel 323a, and the arrangement direction of the first hollow portion 72 and the second hollow portion 73 in the present application can be the same direction or different directions.
  • the battery cell 20 further has an electrode terminal 24 for outputting the electrical energy of the battery cell 20
  • the functional component 30 is disposed on a side of the battery cell 20 away from the electrode terminal 24 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 25 is disposed on the side of the battery cell 20 away from the electrode terminal 24.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 25 can be disposed on the bottom wall of the housing 22.
  • a circuit board may be provided inside the battery 100, and a pressure collection component, a temperature collection component, etc. may be provided on the circuit board to detect relevant information inside the battery 100 to determine whether the battery 100 is normal, thereby effectively reducing the risk of safety accidents.
  • the circuit board is generally provided close to the electrode terminal 24.
  • the battery 100 includes a plurality of battery cells 20
  • the plurality of battery cells 20 may also be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection through a busbar component, and the busbar component is connected to the electrode terminal 24. Both the circuit board and the busbar component need to occupy space on the side of the electrode terminal 24.
  • Other structures inside the battery 100 include, but are not limited to, a circuit board and a busbar component.
  • the functional component 30 is disposed on the side of the battery cell 20 away from the electrode terminal 24, so that the electrode terminal 24 is connected to other structures inside the battery 100 to output the power of the battery cell 20.
  • the risk of interference between the functional component 30 and other structures inside the battery 100 can also be reduced.
  • the battery cell 20 further has an electrode terminal 24 for outputting the electrical energy of the battery cell 20
  • the functional component 30 and the electrode terminal 24 are located on the same side of the battery cell 20
  • the thermal management component 31 is arranged to avoid the electrode terminal 24 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 25 and the electrode terminal 24 are disposed on the same side of the battery cell 20.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 25 can be disposed on the end cover 21.
  • the heat management component 31 is provided with through holes 313 for avoiding the electrode terminals 24 , and the through holes 313 and the electrode terminals 24 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the functional component 30 and the electrode terminal 24 are located on the same side of the battery cell 20, and the thermal management component 31 is arranged to avoid the electrode terminal 24.
  • the functional component 30 can use the space where the electrode terminal 24 protrudes from the end cover 21 to improve the space utilization inside the battery 100, which is beneficial to improving the energy density of the battery 100.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides an electrical device, comprising the battery 100 provided in any of the above embodiments.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery 100, which includes a battery cell 20 and a functional component 30; a pressure relief mechanism 25 is provided on one side of the battery cell 20 along the first direction X; the functional component 30 is located on the side of the battery cell 20 where the pressure relief mechanism 25 is provided, and the functional component 30 includes a heat management component 31 and a protective component 32; the heat management component 31 is bonded to the side of the battery cell 20 away from the electrode terminal 24; the protective component 32 is connected to the side of the heat management component 31 away from the battery cell 20, and covers the entirety of the pressure relief mechanism 25.
  • a first flow channel 321 is formed inside the protective component 32, and a second flow channel 312 is formed inside the heat management component 31, and the first flow channel 321 and the second flow channel 312 are connected.
  • the battery 100 further includes a one-way conductive member 40 , which allows the fluid medium in the second flow channel 312 to flow toward the first flow channel 321 , and prevents the fluid medium in the first flow channel 321 from flowing toward the second flow channel 312 .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请提供了一种电池及用电设备，涉及电池技术领域。电池包括电池单体和功能部件；电池单体沿第一方向的一侧设有泄压机构；功能部件位于电池单体设有泄压机构的一侧，功能部件包括热管理件和保护件；热管理件附接于电池单体，热管理件用于调节电池单体的温度；保护件连接于热管理件，并覆盖泄压机构的至少一部分。保护件连接于热管理件集成为功能部件，则在组装电池的过程中可以先将热管理件和保护件形成整体结构再组装在电池单体的同侧，简化了安装工序和降低电池组装难度。此外，保护件与热管理件设置在电池单体的同侧，有利于合理利用电池的箱体内部空间。

Description

电池及用电设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种电池及用电设备。
背景技术
车辆使用二次电池，例如锂离子电池、钠离子电池、固态电池等，具备能量密度大、循环性能好等突出优点，并广泛应用于便携式电子设备、电动交通工具、电动工具、无人机、储能设备等领域。简化电池的制造工艺有利于提高电池的生产效率，对促进电池技术的发展有重要意义。因此，如何简化电池的组装工艺能成为电池领域亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本申本申请实施例提供一种电池及用电设备，以降低电池组装难度。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池，包括电池单体和功能部件；电池单体沿第一方向的一侧设有泄压机构；功能部件位于电池单体设有泄压机构的一侧，功能部件包括热管理件和保护件；热管理件附接于电池单体，热管理件用于调节电池单体的温度；保护件连接于热管理件，并覆盖泄压机构的至少一部分。
上述技术方案中，保护件连接于热管理件集成为功能部件，则在组装电池的过程中可以先将热管理件和保护件形成整体结构再组装在电池单体的同侧，简化了安装工序和降低电池组装难度。此外，保护件与热管理件设置在电池单体的同侧，有利于合理利用电池的箱体内部空间。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，沿第一方向，保护件在垂直于第一方向的平面内的投影覆盖泄压机构在垂直于第一方向的平面内的投影的全部。
上述技术方案中，保护件覆盖泄压机构的全部，则从泄压机构处排放的排放物能够尽可能多的被保护件阻挡，降低从泄压机构排出的高温气体扩散至其他位置而损坏其他电池的其他结构或者引起火灾的风险。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，热管理件设有避让孔，避让孔用于避让泄压机构；沿第一方向，保护件连接于热管理部背离电池单体的一侧并覆盖避让孔的至少一部分。
上述技术方案中，热管理件的避让孔避让泄压机构，能够避免热管理件干扰泄压机构泄压，保护件连接于热管理部背离电池单体的一侧并覆盖避让孔的至少一部分，不仅能够起到阻挡从泄压机构处排放的排放物的作用，热管理件在第一方向上的厚度还能增大泄压机构和保护件之间的距离，有利于泄压机构顺利打开泄压。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，保护件内部形成第一流道，第一流道用于容纳流体介质。
上述技术方案中，保护件内部形成有第一流道，若第一流道内容纳流体介质，能够增大保护件的比热容，从而更好的起到隔热、防火的作用。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，热管理件内部形成用于容纳流体介质的第二流道，第一流道和第二流道连通。
上述技术方案中，第一流道和第二流道连通，能够使得第一流道和第二流道内的流体介质相互流通，提高换热能力，以使热管理件能够更好的对电池单体进行温度调节。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，电池还包括单向导通件，单向导通件被配置为允许第二流道内的流体介质向第一流道流动，且阻止第一流道内的流体介质向第二流道流动。
上述技术方案中，单向导通件使得流体介质只能从第二流道流向第一流道，当保护件因与泄压机构排出的高温气体作用而损坏时，流体介质可以从第二流道向第一流道流动并破损处流向泄压机构，实现降温、灭火，以降低安全事故发生的风险。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，第一流道具有介质出口，第二流道具有介质入口。
上述技术方案中，第一流道和第二流道分别具有介质出口和介质入口，便于流体介质在保护件和热管理件内部循环，从而有利于对电池单体进行温度调节以及使得保护件保持较大的比热容。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，沿第二方向，避让孔贯穿热管理件的至少一个边缘，第一方向垂直第二方向。
上述技术方案中，避让孔贯穿热管理件在第二方向上的至少一个边缘，则在第二方向上形 成排放通道，在泄压机构被打开后，能够沿第二方向排放排放物，提高排放效率，降低因从泄压机构排出的排放物因保护件阻挡而在避让孔内汇集从而导致二次事故发生的风险。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，沿第一方向，保护件具有面向热管理件且与热管理件相连的第一表面，第一表面设有凹槽，凹槽沿第二方向贯穿保护件的至少一个边缘，凹槽与避让孔连通，第一方向垂直第二方向。
上述技术方案中，凹槽沿第二方向贯穿保护件的至少一个边缘，凹槽与避让孔连通，在泄压机构被打开后，能够在凹槽内沿第二方向快速排气，提高排气效率，降低因从泄压机构排出的气体在避让孔内汇集而导致二次事故发生的风险。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，保护件包括相连的本体部和延伸部，本体部连接于热管理件背离电池单体的一侧，延伸部从本体部延伸至避让孔内。
上述技术方案中，延伸部延伸至避让孔内能够与避让孔形成定位配合，提高热管理件和保护件的相对稳定性。在保护件内部形成第一流道的情况下，延伸部处对应的第一流道的截面积较大，能够容纳更多的流体介质，使得延伸部处的比热容更大提高保护件的防护能力。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，沿第一方向，泄压机构与保护件之间形成间隙。
上述技术方案中，泄压机构和保护件在第一方向上形成间隙，便于泄压机构顺利打开以泄放电池单体内部的压力，以降低电池发生爆炸、起火等安全事故的风险。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，沿第一方向，间隙的尺寸为h，满足0.2mm≤h≤5mm。
上述技术方案中，若是间隙在第一方向上尺寸过大，则使得功能部件和电池单体结构不紧凑，占用空间大，若是间隙在第一方向上尺寸过小，则可能导致泄压机构不能打开实现泄压，因此，0.2mm≤h≤5mm既能使得功能部件和电池单体形成的整体结构更加紧凑，还能使得泄压机构能够顺利打开泄压。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，泄压机构的面积为S，沿第一方向，间隙的尺寸为h，满足
Figure PCTCN2022123365-appb-000001
上述技术方案中，泄压机构的泄压面积越大，打开实现泄压需要的空间越大，则足
Figure PCTCN2022123365-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2022123365-appb-000003
有利于泄压机构打开一定的面积实现泄压。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，
Figure PCTCN2022123365-appb-000004
上述技术方案中，
Figure PCTCN2022123365-appb-000005
有利于泄压机构打开较大的面积，从而实现快速泄压。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，电池还包括粘接层，热管理件通过粘接层连接于电池单体。
上述技术方案中，通过粘接层将热管理件连接于电池单体，连接稳定性好，以使功能部件和电池单体的之间具有稳定相对位置关系，且连接方式简单，降低电池单体的组装难度。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，保护件的材质的熔点为A，满足A≤1600℃。
上述技术方案中，若保护件材质的熔点太大，在保护件内部形成第一流道且第一流道内容纳有流体介质的情况下，保护件不容易被熔融，从而导致保护件内的流体介质在泄压机构泄压的过程中向泄压机构喷出而起到降温、灭火的作用，A≤1600℃，既能对从泄压机构排出的高温气体和其他排放物的起到阻挡作用，又能在从泄压机构排出的高温气体和其他排放物的温度过高的情况下及时熔融以使内部的流体介质喷出进行降温和灭火，从而降低发生爆炸、火灾等严重的安全事故的风险。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，A≤800℃。
上述技术方案中，若是A＞800℃，则需要电池内部的温度大于800℃保护件才能熔融，则可能导致电池的其他耐温性能较弱的部件受损，因此，A≤800℃既能对从泄压机构排出的高温气体和其他排放物的起到阻挡作用，又能在从泄压机构排出的排放物的温度过高的情况下及时熔融以使内部的流体介质喷出进行降温和灭火，从而降低发生爆炸、火灾等严重的安全事故的风险，还能降低电池内部的其他部件被高温损坏的风险。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，保护件的体积为V 1，单位为dm 3，电池的容量为C，单位为Ah，满足1≤V 1/C。
上述技术方案中，电池的容量越大，电池的电池单体的内部压力达到使泄压机构打开泄压时泄放的排放物的量越大和温度越高，对保护件的阻挡排放物的阻挡能力要求也越高，因此，1≤ V 1/C，使得保护件的阻挡排放物的阻挡能力与电池的容量匹配，以使保护件能够更好的起到隔热、防火的作用，即更好的起到消防作用。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，V 1/C≤10。
上述技术方案中，若是V 1/C过大，则保护件的阻挡排放物的阻挡能力远超过电池的容量相匹配的阻挡能力，不仅造成性能浪费，还使得保护件的体积过大，占用较大空间，因此，V 1/C≤10，能够使得保护件的阻挡能力略大于与电池的容量相匹配的阻挡能力，减小性能浪费，还使得保护件的体积不会过大，减小保护件对空间的占用。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，热管理件的体积为V 2，满足V 1/V 2≤0.5。
上述技术方案中，一般热管理件的温度调节能力与电池的容量匹配，电池的容量越大，要求热管理件的温度调节能力越高，在1≤V 1/C的情况下，若是热管理件的体积太大，其温度调节能力超过电池理论上应该需要的温度调节能力，导致性能浪费，且热管理件的体积过大，也会占用更大的体积，因此V 1/V 2≤0.5，以使热管理件的温度调节能力与电池的容量匹配，减少性能浪费，还使得热管理件的体积不会过大，减小热管理件对空间的占用。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，V 1/V 2≤0.2。
上述技术方案中，若是V 1/V 2大于0.2，则在电池的容量一定的情况下，热管理件还是存在较大的性能浪费，因此，V 1/V 2≤0.2，能够减小性能浪费，还使得热管理件的体积不会过大，减小热管理件对空间的占用。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，电池包括多个电池单体，每个电池单体设置有至少一个泄压机构，热管理件设有多个避让孔，避让孔与电池单体的泄压机构一一对应设置。
上述技术方案中，避让孔与电池单体的泄压机构一一对应设置，便于每个泄压机构泄放电池单体的内部压力，提高电池的安全性能。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，电池包括多个保护件，每个保护件覆盖一个避让孔。
上述技术方案中，每个保护件覆盖对应的避让孔，便于保护件的更换，在更换过程中，只需要更换损坏的那一部分保护件，不需要更换全部的保护件，减少损耗，节约成本。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，一个保护件覆盖多个避让孔。
上述技术方案中，一个保护件覆盖多个避让孔，能够减少电池的保护件的数量；还能减少需要组装的部件，从而减少组装难度，提高组装效率。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，电池单体还具有用于输出电池单体的电能的电极端子，功能部件设置于电池单体背离电极端子的一侧。
上述技术方案中，功能部件设置于电池单体背离电极端子的一侧，便于电极端子与电池内部的其他结构连接以输出电池单体的电能。还能降低功能部件与电池内部的其他结构干涉的风险。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施例中，电池单体还具有用于输出电池单体的电能的电极端子，功能部件和电极端子位于电池单体的同侧，热管理件避让电极端子设置。
上述技术方案中，功能部件和电极端子位于电池单体的同侧，且热管理件避让电极端子设置，则功能部件能够利用电极端子凸出端盖的空间，提高电池内部的空间利用率，有利于提高电池的能量密度。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种用电设备，包括第一方面任一实施例提供的电池。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为现有技术中电池的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的结构示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的结构示意图；
图5为本申请又一些实施例提供的电池的结构示意图；
图6为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池的结构示意图；
图7为本申请再一些实施例提供的电池的结构示意图；
图8为本申请一些实施例提供的热管理件的结构示意图；
图9为本申请另一些实施例提供的热管理件的剖视图；
图10为本申请一些实施例提供的保护件的结构示意图；
图11为本申请另一些实施例提供的保护件的剖视图；
图12为本申请又再一些实施例提供的电池的分解图；
图13为图12中的电池的部分结构的分解图；
图14为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的部分结构示意图；
图15为本申请一些实施例提供的支撑结构的结构示意图；
图16为本申请又再一些实施例提供的电池的结构示意图。
图标：1000-车辆；100'、100-电池；10-箱体；11-第一部分；12-第二部分；20'、20-电池单体；21-端盖；22-壳体；221-开口；23-电极组件；231-极耳；24'、24-电极端子；25'、25-泄压机构；30-功能部件；31'、31-热管理件；311-避让孔；311a-第一排放通道；312-第二流道；3121-介质入口；313-通孔；32'、32-保护件；321-第一流道；3211-介质出口；3212-通道部；3213-容纳部；322-第一表面；323-凹槽；323a-第二排放通道；324-本体部；325-延伸部；40-单向导通件；50-间隙；60-粘接层；70-支撑结构；71-连接部；72-第一空心部；73-第二空心部；74-第一限位部；75-第一空间；76-第二限位部；77-第二空间；200-控制器；300-马达；X-第一方向；Y-第二方向。
具体实施方式
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因此，以下对在附图中提供的本申请的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本申请的范围，而是仅仅表示本申请的选定实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释。
在本申请实施例的描述中，需要说明的是，指示方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，或者是该申请产品使用时惯常摆放的方位或位置关系，或者是本领域技术人员惯常理解的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池的应用越加广泛。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方体方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。
如图1所示，电池100'包括电池单体20'、热管理件31'和保护件32'。热管理件31'用于调节电池单体20'的温度，保护件32'覆盖泄压机构25'设置，泄压机构25'打开后泄放的高温气体和其他排放物能够被保护件32'阻挡，以起到隔热、防火的作用。
发明人发，热管理件31'和保护件32'分别设置在电池单体20'相对的两侧，一般电池单体20'的电极端子24'和泄压机构25'设置于电池单体20'的同侧，将热管理件31设置于电池单体20'的背离电极端子24'的一侧对电池单体20'进行温度调节，保护件32'设置于电极端子24'侧并覆盖泄压 机构25'，这样需要在电池单体20'相对的两侧分别安装热管理件31'和保护件32'，不仅安装工序复杂，组装难度较大，且使得电池单体20'的相对的两侧的空间均被占用，空间利用不合理。
基于上述考虑，为了缓解电池100组装难度大和空间利用不合理的问题，发明人经过深入研究，设计了一种电池100，电池100包括电池单体20和功能部件30；电池单体20沿第一方向X的一侧设有泄压机构25；功能部件30位于电池单体20设有泄压机构25的一侧，功能部件30包括热管理件31和保护件32；热管理件31附接于电池单体20，热管理件31用于调节电池单体20的温度；保护件32连接于热管理件31，并覆盖泄压机构25的至少一部分。
保护件32连接于热管理件31集成为形成功能部件30，则在组装电池100的过程中可以先将热管理件31和保护件32形成整体结构再组装在电池单体20的同侧，简化了安装工序和降低电池100组装难度。
此外，保护件32与热管理件31设置在电池单体20的同侧，有利于合理利用电池100的箱体10内部空间。
本申请实施例公开的电池100可以但不限用于车辆1000、船舶或飞行器等用电设备中，还可以使用具备本申请公开电池100成该用电设备的电源系统，这样，有利于降低用电设备的电池100的组装难度。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作为电源的用电设备，用电设备可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请一实施例的一种用电设备为车辆1000为例进行说明。
请参照图2，车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图3，电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20，电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。其中，箱体10用于为电池单体20提供容纳空间，箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一部分11和第二部分12，第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合，第一部分11和第二部分12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间。第二部分12可以为一端开口221以形成容纳电池单体20的容纳腔的空心结构，第一部分11可以为板状结构，第一部分11盖合于第二部分12的开口221侧，以使第一部分11与第二部分12共同限定出容纳空间；第一部分11和第二部分12也可以是均为一侧开口221的以形成容纳电池单体20的容纳腔的空心结构，第一部分11的开口221侧盖合于第二部分12的开口221侧。当然，第一部分11和第二部分12形成的箱体10可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内；当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接。
在一些实施例中，电池100还可以包括汇流部件(图未示出)，多个电池单体20之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现多个电池单体20的串联或并联或混联。
其中，每个电池单体20可以为二次电池100或一次电池100；还可以是锂硫电池100、钠离子电池100或镁离子电池100，但不局限于此。电池单体20可扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
电池单体20是指组成电池100的最小单元。如图4所示，电池单体20包括有端盖21、壳体22、电极组件23以及其他的功能性部件。
端盖21是指盖合于壳体22的开口221处以将电池单体20的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，端盖21的形状可以与壳体22的形状相适应以配合壳体22。可选地，端盖21可以 由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，端盖21在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体20能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。端盖21上可以设置有如电极端子24等的功能性部件。电极端子24可以用于与电极组件23电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体20的电能。在一些实施例中，端盖21上还可以设置有用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放内部压力的泄压机构25。端盖21的材质也可以是多种的，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。在一些实施例中，在端盖21的内侧还可以设置有绝缘件，绝缘件可以用于隔离壳体22内的电连接部件与端盖21，以降低短路的风险。示例性的，绝缘件可以是塑料、橡胶等。
壳体22是用于配合端盖21以形成电池单体20的内部环境的组件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电极组件23、电解液以及其他部件。壳体22和端盖21可以是独立的部件，可以于壳体22上设置开口221，通过在开口221处使端盖21盖合开口221以形成电池单体20的内部环境。不限地，也可以使端盖21和壳体22一体化，具体地，端盖21和壳体22可以在其他部件入壳前先形成一个共同的连接面，当需要封装壳体22的内部时，再使端盖21盖合壳体22。壳体22可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，壳体22的形状可以根据电极组件23的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体22的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
电极组件23是电池单体20中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体22内可以包含一个或更多个电极组件23。电极组件23主要由正极片和负极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极片与负极片之间设有隔膜。正极片和负极片具有活性物质的部分构成电极组件23的主体部，正极片和负极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳231。正极耳231和负极耳231可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端。在电池100的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳231连接电极端子24以形成电流回路。
如图5、图6、图7所示，在一些实施例中，电池100包括电池单体20和功能部件30；电池单体20沿第一方向X的一侧设有泄压机构25；功能部件30位于电池单体20设有泄压机构25的一侧，功能部件30包括热管理件31和保护件32；热管理件31附接于电池单体20，热管理件31用于调节电池单体20的温度；保护件32连接于热管理件31，并覆盖泄压机构25的至少一部分。
泄压机构25可以是指电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时致动以泄放内部压力或温度的元件或部件。该阈值设计根据设计需求不同而不同。所述阈值可能取决于电池单体20中的正极片、负极片、电解液和隔离膜中一种或几种的材料。泄压机构25可以采用诸如防爆阀、防爆片、气阀、泄压阀或安全阀等的形式，并可以具体采用压敏或温敏的元件或构造，即，当电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时，泄压机构25执行动作或者泄压机构25中设有的薄弱结构被破坏，从而形成可供内部压力或温度泄放的开口221或通道。
泄压机构25可以设置于电池单体20的端盖21，也可以设置于电池单体20的壳体22。泄压机构25和电极端子24可以位于电池单体20的同侧。泄压机构25和电极端子24可以位于电池单体20的不同侧，比如泄压机构25和电极端子24位于电池单体20的沿第一方向X相对的两侧。
热管理件31可以提升电池单体20的温度，比如在环境温度较低而导致电池单体20不能正常充放电时，通过热管理件31提升电池单体20的温度，以使电池单体20能够正常充放电。热管理件31可以用于降低电池单体20的温度，比如在电池单体20充放电过程中电池单体20温度升高或者电池单体20所处的环境温度过高，通过热管理件31对电池单体20降温，以使电池单体20保持正常的工作温度，降低安全事故发生的可能。
保护件32的耐高温性能较好，保护件32用于阻挡电池单体20经由泄压机构25排出的排放物，来自电池单体的排放物包括高温气体、电解液、被溶解或分裂的正负极片、隔离膜的碎片、反应产生的高温高压气体、火焰，等等。
保护件32的材质可以是铁、钢、铜、金、铝、镁等。
保护件32覆盖泄压机构25的至少一部分，则保护件32与泄压机构25在垂直于第一方向X的平面内的投影的至少部分重叠。泄压机构25泄放电池单体20内部的压力时，电池单体20经由泄压机构25排放的排放物至少部分能够被保护件32阻挡，以避免具有较高温的排放物与电池100内部的其他结构接触或者延缓具有较高温度的排放物与电池100内部的其他结构接触的时间，降低高温损坏电池100内部的其他结构的风险以及降低电池单体20内部的其他结构因泄压机构25泄压经受高温引发火灾、爆炸等安全事故的风险。
热管理件31和电池单体20之间可以接触、也可以是连接，比如热管理件31和电池单体20通过粘接件粘接。
保护件32与热管理件31连接，则保护件32和热管理件31集成为一体。保护件32和热管理件31之间可以固定连接，比如焊接。保护件32和热管理件31之间也可以可拆卸连接，比如卡扣连接。在另一些实施例中，热管理件31和保护件32也可以一体成型。
保护件32连接于热管理件31集成为功能部件30，则在组装电池100的过程中可以先将热管理件31和保护件32形成整体结构再组装在电池单体20的同侧，简化了安装工序和降低电池100组装难度。此外，保护件32与热管理件31设置在电池单体20的同侧，有利于合理利用电池100的箱体10内部空间。
在一些实施例中，沿第一方向X，保护件32在垂直于第一方向X的平面内的投影覆盖泄压机构25在垂直于第一方向X的平面内的投影的全部。
可以理解为，保护件32完全覆盖泄压机构25，则电池单体20内部经过泄压机构25排出的排放物能够全部作用于保护件32，保护件32能够阻止排放物沿喷射方向进一步移动至电池100内部的其他位置或者改变排放物的移动路径，以延缓排放物作用于电池100内部的其他结构的时间，有利于排放物降温。
保护件32覆盖泄压机构25的全部，则从泄压机构25处排放的排放物能够尽可能多的被保护件32阻挡，降低从泄压机构25处排出的排放物携带的高温损坏电池100内部的其他结构以及引发火灾、爆炸等安全事故的风险。
热管理件31和保护件32在垂直第一方向X的表面上的投影可以重合，也可以不重合。
请继续参照图5、图6、图7，在一些实施例中，热管理件31设有避让孔311，避让孔311用于避让泄压机构25；沿第一方向X，保护件32连接于热管理部背离电池单体20的一侧并覆盖避让孔311的至少一部分。
避让孔311的形状不限，可以是圆孔、方孔、条形孔以及其他的异形孔。避让孔311的形状也可以与泄压机构25的形状匹配，比如，泄压机构25的形状为椭圆性，则避让孔311的形状也可以为椭圆形。沿第一方向X，泄压机构25在热管理件31上的投影位于避让孔311内。沿第一方向X，泄压机构25可以延伸至避让孔311内，也可以位于避让孔311外。
保护件32与热管理件31可以焊接、粘接等方式实现连接。保护件32连接于热管理件31背离电池单体20的一侧，保护件32和热管理件31在垂直第一方向X的平面内的投影可以至少一部分重叠。
热管理件31的避让孔311避让泄压机构25，能够避免热管理件31干扰泄压机构25泄压，保护件32连接于热管理件31背离电池单体20的一侧并覆盖避让孔311的至少一部分，不仅能够起到阻挡从泄压机构25处排放的排放物的作用，热管理件31在第一方向X上的厚度还能增大泄压机构25和保护件32之间的距离，有利于泄压机构25顺利打开泄压。
在一些实施例中，保护件32内部形成第一流道321，第一流道321用于容纳流体介质。
第一流道321可以是封闭的空间。第一流道321也可以具有两端开口221的空间，以使流体介质能够沿第一流道321的延伸方向流动。
容纳于第一流道321内的流体介质是气体、也可以是液体，比如流体介质可以是空气、水等。
保护件32内部形成有第一流道321，若第一流道321内容纳流体介质，能够增大保护件32的比热容，从而更好的起到隔热、防火的作用。
请继续参照图5、图6、图7，在一些实施例中，热管理件31内部形成用于容纳流体介质的第二流道312，第一流道321和第二流道312连通。
第一流道321和第二流道312连通可以形成封闭的空间，流体介质被限定在第一流道321和第二流道312的空间内。第一流道321和第二流道312可以形成具有出口和入口的空间，以使流体介质能够沿第一流道321和第二流道312的延伸方向流动。
第一流道321和第二流道312连通，能够使得第一流道321和第二流道312内的流体介质相互流通，提高换热能力，以使热管理件31能够更好的对电池单体20进行温度调节。
在一些实施例中，第一流道321和第二流道312连通后，第一流道321内的流体介质可以向第二流道312流动，第二流道312内的流体介质也可以向第一流道321内流动。
在另一些实施例中，如图5、图6、图7所示，电池100还包括单向导通件40，单向导通 件40被配置为允许第二流道312内的流体介质向第一流道321流动，且阻止第一流道321内的流体介质向第二流道312流动。
即仅第二流道312内的流体介质能够向第一流道321内流动，第一流道321内的流体介质不能向第二流道312内流动。单向导通件40可以是单向阀。
单向导通件40使得流体介质只能从第二流道312流向第一流道321，当保护件32因与泄压机构25排出的高温气体作用而损坏时，流体介质可以从第二流道312向第一流道321流动并破损处流向泄压机构25，实现降温、灭火，以降低安全事故发生的风险。
在一些实施例中，第一流道321具有介质出口3211(图13中示出)，第二流道312具有介质入口3121(图13中示出)。
流体介质能够从介质入口3121进入第一流道321，并向第二流道312流动，最终可以从介质出口3211排出。介质入口3121可以与提供流体介质的供料设备连接，介质出口3211可以与收集流体介质的回料设备连接，其中回料设备和供料设备可以是同一个。
第一流道321和第二流道312分别具有介质出口3211和介质入口3121，便于流体介质在保护件32和热管理件31内部循环，从而有利于对电池单体20进行温度调节以及使得保护件32保持较大的比热容。
从泄压机构25排出的排放物被阻挡后需要及时排出才能有效降低电池单体20发生安全事故的风险。因此，如图8、图9所示，在一些实施例中，沿第二方向Y，避让孔311贯穿热管理件31的至少一个边缘，第一方向X垂直第二方向。
避让孔311在第二方向上贯穿热管理件31的一个边缘，则在第二方向上，热管理件形成有沿第二方向延伸的第一排放通道，排放物能够沿避让孔311贯穿热管理件31的边缘的方向排出。第二方向为垂直第一方向的任意方向。
避让孔311可以沿第二方向Y贯穿热管理件31的一个边缘，也可以贯穿多个边缘。在避让孔311沿第二方向Y贯穿热管理件31的多个边缘的实施例中，则泄压机构25的周向上可以形成多个第一排放通道，有利于提高排放效率。
如图8所示，第一排放通道311a沿第一方向可以贯穿热管理件31的相对的两个表面。如图9所示，第一排放通道311a沿第一方向可以延伸热管理件31的一个表面。
避让孔311贯穿热管理件31在第二方向上的至少一个边缘，则在第二方向上形成排放通道，在泄压机构25被打开后，能够沿第二方向排放排放物，提高排放效率，降低因从泄压机构25排出的排放物因保护件32阻挡而在避让孔311内汇集从而导致二次事故发生的风险。
在保护件32连接于热管理件31背离电池单体20的一侧的实施例中，沿第一方向X，保护件32具有面向热管理件31且与热管理件31相连的第一表面322，第一表面322设有凹槽323，凹槽323沿第二方向贯穿保护件32的至少一个边缘，凹槽323与避让孔311连通，第一方向X垂直第二方向。
凹槽323和避让孔311连通，凹槽323在第二方向上贯穿保护件32的至少一个边缘，保护件32形成有沿第二方向延伸的第二排放通道，则在第二方向上，排放物能够依次经过避让孔311和凹槽323排出。
如图10所示，第二排放通道323a沿第一方向可以贯穿保护32的相对的两个表面，即沿第一方向X，凹槽323延伸至与第一表面322相对的另一个表面，图10中虚线限定出的区域可以为第一方向上覆盖避让孔311且与泄压机构25相对的区域。如图11所示，第二排放通道323a沿第一方向X可以延伸保护件32的一个表面，即沿第一方向X，凹槽323的槽底面和保护件32在第一方向X上与第一表面322相对的另一个表面之间存在距离。
凹槽323可以沿第二方向贯穿保护件32的一个边缘，也可以贯穿多个边缘。在凹槽323沿第二方向贯穿保护件32的多个边缘的实施例中，凹槽323形成沿第二方向延伸并与避让孔311连通的多个第二排放通道323a，排放物能够同步从多个第二排放通道323a排出，有利于提高排放效率。
凹槽323沿第二方向贯穿保护件32的至少一个边缘，凹槽323与避让孔311连通，在泄压机构25被打开后，能够在凹槽323内沿第二方向快速排气，提高排气效率，降低因从泄压机构25排出的气体在避让孔311内汇集而导致二次事故发生的风险。
请参照图6、图7、图11，在一些实施例中，保护件32包括相连的本体部324和延伸部325，本体部324连接于热管理件31背离电池单体20的一侧，延伸部325从本体部324延伸至避 让孔311内。
本体部324和热管理件31在第一方向X上层叠布置。本体部324的边缘可以超出热管理件31的边缘，或者热管理件31的边缘超出本体部324的边缘(图5、图6所示)，或者本体部324的边缘和热管理件31的边缘平齐(图7所示)。
如图6、图7、图11所示，在保护件32内部形成第一流道321的实施例中，本体部324的内部形成通道部3212，延伸部325的内部形成容纳部3213，通道部3212和容纳部3213在本体部324和延伸部325的连接位置连通，通道部3212和容纳部3213共同构成第一流道321。第一流道321在通道部3212和容纳部3213交叠的位置的截面积大于其他位置，第一流道321在通道部3212和容纳部3213交叠的位置的流量大于的第一流道321的其他的位置，能够容纳更多的流体介质，第一流道321在通道部3212和容纳部3213交叠的位置为与泄压机构25正对的位置，使得延伸部325处的比热容更大提高保护件32的防护能力。
此外，延伸部325延伸至避让孔311内能够与避让孔311形成定位配合，提高热管理件31和保护件32的相对稳定性。
在另一些实施例中，如图5所示，保护件32也可以仅包括本体部324，也不包括延伸部325，这样使得保护件32覆盖泄压机构25的位置与泄压机构25在第一方向X上的间隙50更大，有利于泄压机构25顺利打开，使得电池单体20及时泄压。
在一些实施例中，沿第一方向X，泄压机构25与保护件32之间形成间隙50。
在保护件32包括本体部324和延伸部325的实施例中，泄压机构25与保护件32之间形成间隙50是指延伸部325背离本体部324的一端和泄压机构25之间的空间。
在保护件32仅包括本体部324的实施例中，泄压机构25与保护件32之间形成间隙50是指本体部324面向泄压机构25的表面和泄压机构25之间的空间。
在电池单体20内部压力达到阈值时，泄压机构25会产生一定的动作或者被激活至一定的状态，从而使得电池单体20的内部压力及温度得以被泄放。泄压机构25产生的动作可以包括但不限于：泄压机构25中的至少一部分破裂、破碎、被撕裂或者打开，等等。泄压机构25的周围需要有一定的空间以满足泄压机构25动作的产生。
因此，泄压机构25和保护件32在第一方向X上形成间隙50，便于泄压机构25顺利打开以泄放电池单体20内部的压力，以降低电池100发生爆炸、起火等安全事故的风险。
当然，在其他实施例中，泄压机构25可以有不同结构形式和泄压方式，若是保护件32在第一方向X上与泄压机构25相抵，泄压机构25也能实现泄压，本申请实施例也可行。
如图5、图6、图7所示，在一些实施例中，沿第一方向，间隙50的尺寸为h，满足0.2mm≤h≤5mm。
h可以是0.3mm、0.4mm、0.8mm、1mm、1.5mm、2mm、2.5mm、3mm、3.5mm、4mm、4.5mm等。
若是间隙50在第一方向X上尺寸过大，则使得功能部件30和电池单体20结构不紧凑，占用空间大，若是间隙50在第一方向X上尺寸过小，则可能导致泄压机构25不能打开实现泄压，因此，0.2mm≤h≤5mm既能使得功能部件30和电池单体20形成的整体结构更加紧凑，还能使得泄压机构25能够顺利打开泄压。
在一些实施例中，泄压机构25的面积为S，沿第一方向，间隙的尺寸为h，满足
Figure PCTCN2022123365-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2022123365-appb-000007
泄压机构25的面积为S的单位为mm 2。
泄压机构25的面积可以为泄压机构25在垂直第一方向X的平面内的投影的面积。在泄压机构25在第一方向X的平面内的投影为异形的情况下，可以将泄压机构25的形状等效为圆形后获得其面积。
泄压机构的泄压面积越大，打开实现泄压需要的空间越大，则足
Figure PCTCN2022123365-appb-000008
有利于泄压机构打开一定的面积实现泄压。
进一步地，
Figure PCTCN2022123365-appb-000009
有利于泄压机构25打开较大的面积，从而实现快速泄压。
热管理件31可以是与电池单体20接触或者连接，从而实现热管理件31附接于电池单体20。在热管理件31与电池单体20连接的实施例中，热管理件31和电池单体20之间可以粘接、焊接、卡扣连接等。在一些实施例中，电池100还包括粘接层60，热管理件31通过粘接层60连接于电池单体20。
粘接层60可以是涂覆于电池单体20和热管理件31之间液体胶凝固后形成，也可以是粘接于热管理件31和电池单体20之间的胶带。
通过粘接层60将热管理件31连接于电池单体20，连接稳定性好，以使功能部件30和电池单体20的之间具有稳定相对位置关系，且连接方式简单，降低电池单体20的组装难度。
在一些实施例中，如图5、图6所示，沿第一方向X，保护件32连接于热管理件31背离电池单体20的一侧，粘接层60的厚度为m，满足0.2≤m≤5mm。
粘接层60的厚度是指，沿第一方向X，粘接层60面向电池单体20的表面和粘接层60面向热管理件31的表面之间的距离。
m可以是0.2mm、0.3mm、0.4mm、0.8mm、1mm、1.5mm、2mm、2.5mm、3mm、3.5mm、4mm、4.5mm等
若是粘接层60的厚度过小，则粘接强度不够，若是粘接层60的厚度过大，则粘接层60占用的空间较大，因此，粘接层60的厚度m，满足0.2mm≤m≤5mm，既能够保证粘接层60具有足够的粘接强度，又能使粘接层60的厚度合理，避免粘接层60的体积过大而影响电池100的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，保护件32的材质的熔点为A，满足A≤1600℃。
熔点是固体将其物态由固态转变(熔化)为液态的温度，即保护件32由固态转变为熔融状态的温度。
A可以是1500℃、1400℃、1300℃、1200℃、1100℃、1000℃、900℃、700℃、600℃、500℃、400℃等。保护件32的材质可以是铁(熔点1535℃)、钢(熔点1515℃)、铜(熔点1083℃)、金(熔点1064℃)等。
若保护件32材质的熔点太大，在保护件32内部形成第一流道321且第一流道321内容纳有流体介质的情况下，保护件32不容易被熔融，从而导致保护件32内的流体介质在泄压机构25泄压的过程中向泄压机构25喷出而起到降温、灭火的作用，A≤1300℃，既能对从泄压机构25排出的高温气体和其他排放物的起到阻挡作用，又能在从泄压机构25排出的高温气体和其他排放物的温度过高的情况下及时熔融以使内部的流体介质喷出进行降温和灭火，从而降低发生爆炸、火灾等严重的安全事故的风险。
在一些实施例中，A≤800℃。
A可以是750℃、650℃、550℃、450℃、350℃、250℃、200℃、100℃等。保护件32的材质可以是铝(熔点为660℃)，镁(熔点648.8℃)等。
若是A＞800℃，则需要电池100内部的温度大于800℃保护件32才能熔融，则可能导致电池100的其他耐温性能较弱的部件受损，因此，A≤800℃既能对从泄压机构25排出的高温气体和其他排放物的起到阻挡作用，又能在从泄压机构25排出的排放物的温度过高的情况下及时熔融以使内部的流体介质喷出进行降温和灭火，从而降低发生爆炸、火灾等严重的安全事故的风险，还能降低电池100内部的其他部件被高温损坏的风险。
在一些实施例中，保护件32的体积为V 1，单位为dm 3，电池100的容量为C，单位为Ah，满足1≤V 1/C。
V 1/C可以是1.5、2、2.5、3、3.5、4等。
电池100的容量越大，电池100的电池单体20的内部压力达到使泄压机构25打开泄压时泄放的排放物的量越大和温度越高，对保护件32的阻挡排放物的阻挡能力要求也越高，因此，1≤V 1/C，使得保护件32的阻挡排放物的阻挡能力与电池的容量匹配，以使保护件32能够更好的起到隔热、防火的作用，即更好的起到消防作用。
在一些实施例中，V 1/C≤10。
V 1/C可以为9.5、9、8.5、7、7.5、6、5.5、5、4.5等。
若是V 1/C过大，则保护件32的阻挡排放物的阻挡能力远超过电池100的容量相匹配的阻挡能力，不仅造成性能浪费，还使得保护件32的体积过大，占用较大空间，因此，V 1/C≤10，能够使得保护件32的阻挡能力略大于与电池100的容量相匹配的阻挡能力，减小性能浪费，还使得保护件32的体积不会过大，减小保护件32对空间的占用。
在一些实施例中，热管理件31的体积为V 2，满足V 1/V 2≤0.5。
V 1/V 2可以为0.1、0.15、0.2、0.25、0.3、0.35、0.4、0.45等。
一般热管理件31的温度调节能力与电池100的容量匹配，电池100的容量越大，要求热 管理件31的温度调节能力越高，在1≤V 1/C的情况下，若是热管理件31的体积太大，其温度调节能力超过电池100理论上应该需要的温度调节能力，导致性能浪费，且热管理件31的体积过大，也会占用更大的体积，因此V 1/V 2≤0.5，以使热管理件31的温度调节能力与电池100的容量匹配，减少性能浪费，还使得热管理件31的体积不会过大，减小热管理件31对空间的占用。
在一些实施例中，V 1/V 2≤0.2。
V 1/V 2可以为0.02、0.05、0.07、0.09、0.11、0.13、0.17、0.019等。
若是V 1/V 2大于0.2，则在电池100的容量一定的情况下，热管理件31还是存在较大的性能浪费，因此，V 1/V 2≤0.2，能够减小性能浪费，还使得热管理件31的体积不会过大，减小热管理件31对空间的占用。
如图12、图13所示，在一些实施例中，电池100包括多个电池单体20，每个电池单体20设置有至少一个泄压机构25，热管理件31设有多个避让孔311，避让孔311与电池单体20的泄压机构25一一对应设置。
热管理件31能够同步对多个电池单体20进行温度调节，热管理件31设置多个避让孔311，以使热管理件31能够避让每个与之附接的电池单体20的泄压机构25，避免干扰电池单体20泄压。
避让孔311与电池单体20的泄压机构25一一对应设置，便于每个泄压机构25泄放电池单体20的内部压力，提高电池100的安全性能。
在另一些实施例中，热管理件31也可以设置一个避让孔311，这一个避让孔311避让多个电池单体20的泄压机构25，这样能够使得热管理件31的结构更加简单。
在一些实施例中，电池100包括多个保护件32，每个保护件32覆盖一个避让孔311。
保护件32和避让孔311一一对应设置。每个保护件32覆盖与之对应的避让孔311，以使对应的泄压机构25排放的排放物起到阻挡作用。
每个保护件32覆盖对应的避让孔311，便于保护件32的更换，在更换过程中，只需要更换损坏的那一部分保护件32，不需要更换全部的保护件32，减少损耗，节约成本。
在另一些实施例中，一个保护件32覆盖多个避让孔311。可以理解为一个保护件32能够对多个泄压机构25的排出的排放物起到阻挡作用。这样能够减少电池100的保护件32的数量；还能减少需要组装的部件，从而减少组装难度，提高组装效率。
在电池100包括多个电池单体20的实施例中，多个电池单体20的中的至少部分沿第一方向X堆叠布置，沿第一方向X，相邻的两个电池单体20的泄压机构25可以相对设置，则沿第一方向X，相邻的两个电池单体20之间可以设置两个功能部件30。为了提高电池100的结构稳定性，在第一方向X上，相邻的两个电池单体20之间的两个功能部件30之间设置支撑结构70。在第一方向X上，一个功能部件30设置于在支撑结构70和一个电池单体20之间，另一个功能部件30设置于在支撑结构70和另一个电池单体20之间。
如图14、图15所示，支撑结构70为空心结构。支撑结构70包括连接部71、第一空心部72和第二空心部73，沿第二方向Y，第一空心部72和第二空心部73分别连接于连接部71的两端。第一空心部72和第二空心部73的横截面均呈三角形，第一空心部72和第二空心部73内部均形成三角形的空腔，以使减轻支撑结构70的重量。第一空心部72在第一方向X上的两个表面分别连接有第一限位部74，第一限位部74沿第二方向Y向靠近第二空心部73的方向凸出于第一空心部72的表面，并在第一方向X上第一限位部74和第一空心部72的表面限定出第一空间75。第二空心部73在第一方向X上的两个表面分别连接有第二限位部76，第二限位部76沿第二方向Y向靠近第一空心部72的方向凸出于第二空心部73的表面，并在第一方向X上第二限位部76和第二空心部73的表面限定出第二空间77。热管理件31沿第二方向的两端分别与第一限位部74面向第二空心部73的一端和第二限位部76面向第一空心部72的一端相抵，以对热管理件31起到限位作用，保护件32沿第二方向Y的两端分别卡持于第一空间75和第二空间77内，以对保护件32起到限位作用，从而实现对功能部件30限位，提高功能部件30安装稳定性。
由于第二方向Y可以为垂直第一方向X的任意方向，本申请中第一排放通道311a的延伸方向、第二排放通道323a的延伸方向以及第一空心部72和第二空心部73的布置方向三者可以是同一个方向，也可以是不同的方向。
在一些实施例中，如图5-图7所示，电池单体20还具有用于输出电池单体20的电能的电极端子24，功能部件30设置于电池单体20背离电极端子24的一侧。
在这种实施例中，泄压机构25设置于电池单体20背离电极端子24的一侧。比如，在电 极端子24设置于端盖21的情况下，泄压机构25可以设置于壳体22的底壁。
在电池100内部可以设置电路板，电路板上可以设有压力采集件、温度采集件等，以使检测电池100内部的相关信息，以判断电池100是否正常，从而有效降低安全事故发生的风险。为方便设置和信息检测的准确性，电路板一般靠近电极端子24设置。在电池100包括多个电池单体20的实施例中，多个电池单体20还可以通过汇流部件实现串联、并联或混联，而汇流部件与电极端子24连接。电路板和汇流部件均需要占用电极端子24侧的空间。电池100内部的其他结构包括但不限于电路板、汇流部件。
因此，功能部件30设置于电池单体20背离电极端子24的一侧，便于电极端子24与电池100内部的其他结构连接以输出电池单体20的电能。还能降低功能部件30与电池100内部的其他结构干涉的风险。
在另一些实施例中，如图16所示，电池单体20还具有用于输出电池单体20的电能的电极端子24，功能部件30和电极端子24位于电池单体20的同侧，热管理件31避让电极端子24设置。
在这种实施例中，泄压机构25和电极端子24设置于电池单体20的同侧。比如，在电极端子24设置于端盖21的情况下，泄压机构25可以设置于端盖21。
热管理件31上设有用于避让电极端子24的通孔313，通孔313和电极端子24一一对应设置。
功能部件30和电极端子24位于电池单体20的同侧，且热管理件31避让电极端子24设置，则功能部件30能够利用电极端子24凸出端盖21的空间，提高电池100内部的空间利用率，有利于提高电池100的能量密度。
本申请实施例还提供一种用电设备，包括上述任意实施例提供的电池100。
本申请实施例提供一种电池100，电池100包括电池单体20和功能部件30；电池单体20沿第一方向X的一侧设有泄压机构25；功能部件30位于电池单体20设有泄压机构25的一侧，功能部件30包括热管理件31和保护件32；热管理件31粘接于电池单体20背离电极端子24的一侧；保护件32连接于热管理件31背离电池单体20的一侧，并覆盖泄压机构25的全部。保护件32内部形成第一流道321热管理件31内部形成第二流道312，第一流道321和第二流道312连通。
电池100还包括单向导通件40，单向导通件40允许第二流道312内的流体介质向第一流道321流动，且阻止第一流道321内的流体介质向第二流道312流动。
以上仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (27)

  1. 一种电池，包括：
    电池单体，沿第一方向的一侧设有泄压机构；
    功能部件，位于所述电池单体设有所述泄压机构的一侧，所述功能部件包括：
    热管理件，附接于所述电池单体，所述热管理件用于调节所述电池单体的温度；以及
    保护件，连接于所述热管理件，并覆盖所述泄压机构的至少一部分。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，沿所述第一方向，所述保护件在垂直于所述第一方向的平面内的投影覆盖所述泄压机构在垂直于所述第一方向的平面内的投影的全部。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池，其中，所述热管理件设有避让孔，所述避让孔用于避让所述泄压机构；
    沿所述第一方向，所述保护件连接于所述热管理部背离所述电池单体的一侧并覆盖所述避让孔的至少一部分。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的电池，其中，所述保护件内部形成第一流道，所述第一流道用于容纳流体介质。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池，其中，所述热管理件内部形成用于容纳流体介质的第二流道，所述第一流道和所述第二流道连通。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池，其中，所述电池还包括单向导通件，所述单向导通件被配置为允许所述第二流道内的所述流体介质向所述第一流道流动，且阻止所述第一流道内的所述流体介质向所述第二流道流动。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池，其中，所述第一流道具有介质出口，所述第二流道具有介质入口。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的电池，其中，沿第二方向，所述避让孔贯穿所述热管理件的至少一个边缘，所述第一方向垂直所述第二方向。
  9. 根据权利要求3或8所述的电池，其中，沿所述第一方向，所述保护件具有面向所述热管理件且与所述热管理件相连的第一表面，所述第一表面设有凹槽，所述凹槽沿第二方向贯穿所述保护件的至少一个边缘，所述凹槽与所述避让孔连通，所述第一方向垂直所述第二方向。
  10. 根据权利要求3、8或9所述的电池，其中，所述保护件包括相连的本体部和延伸部，所述本体部连接于所述热管理件背离所述电池单体的一侧，所述延伸部从所述本体部延伸至所述避让孔内。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的电池，其中，沿所述第一方向，所述泄压机构与所述保护件之间形成间隙。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池，其中，沿所述第一方向，所述间隙的尺寸为h，满足0.2mm≤h≤5mm。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的电池，其中，所述泄压机构的面积为S，沿所述第一方向，所述间隙的尺寸为h，满足
    Figure PCTCN2022123365-appb-100001
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池，其中，
    Figure PCTCN2022123365-appb-100002
  15. 根据权利要求1-14任一项所述的电池，其中，所述电池还包括粘接层，所述热管理件通过所述粘接层连接于所述电池单体。
  16. 根据权利要求1-15任一项所述的电池，其中，所述保护件的材质的熔点为A，满足A≤1600℃。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电池，其中，A≤800℃。
  18. 根据权利要求1-17任一项所述的电池，其中，所述保护件的体积为V 1，单位为dm 3，所述电池的容量为C，单位为Ah，满足1≤V 1/C。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的电池，其中，V 1/C≤10。
  20. 根据权利要求18或19所述的电池，其中，所述热管理件的体积为V 2，满足V 1/V 2≤0.5。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的电池，其中，V 1/V 2≤0.2。
  22. 根据权利要求3所述的电池，其中，所述电池包括多个所述电池单体，每个所述电池单体设置有至少一个所述泄压机构，所述热管理件设有多个所述避让孔，所述避让孔与所述电池单体的所述泄压机构一一对应设置。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的电池，其中，所述电池包括多个所述保护件，每个所述保护件覆盖一个所述避让孔。
  24. 根据权利要求22所述的电池，其中，一个所述保护件覆盖多个所述避让孔。
  25. 根据权利要求1-24任一项所述的电池，其中，所述电池单体还具有用于输出所述电池单体的电能的电极端子，所述功能部件设置于所述电池单体背离所述电极端子的一侧。
  26. 根据权利要求1-24任一项所述的电池，其中，所述电池单体还具有用于输出所述电池单体的电能的电极端子，所述功能部件和所述电极端子位于所述电池单体的同侧，所述热管理件避让所述电极端子设置。
  27. 一种用电设备，包括根据权利要求1-26任一项所述的电池。
PCT/CN2022/123365 2022-09-30 2022-09-30 电池及用电设备 WO2024065717A1 (zh)

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