WO2023128366A1 - 겔 전해질 조성물 및 이를 포함하는 이차 전지 - Google Patents
겔 전해질 조성물 및 이를 포함하는 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023128366A1 WO2023128366A1 PCT/KR2022/019815 KR2022019815W WO2023128366A1 WO 2023128366 A1 WO2023128366 A1 WO 2023128366A1 KR 2022019815 W KR2022019815 W KR 2022019815W WO 2023128366 A1 WO2023128366 A1 WO 2023128366A1
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- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a flame retardant gel electrolyte composition and a secondary battery including the same.
- a secondary battery refers to a battery that continuously charges and outputs electrical energy, and has conventionally been used for driving power or backup power for mobile phones, notebook computers, or small portable devices.
- the secondary battery in order to be used as an alternative energy source in various fields, the secondary battery should have characteristics of high output such as high capacity and high-speed charging, and furthermore, it is required to have excellent stability and durability.
- conventional secondary batteries face technical tradeoffs in which it is difficult to simultaneously improve both high power characteristics and stability.
- the explosion and combustion of conventional secondary batteries are caused by thermal runaway with high energy released in a short period of time due to a short circuit between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, or by overcharging the secondary battery and increasing the side reaction between the positive electrode active material and the gel-electrolyte, resulting in a voltage increase. It can be caused by various reasons, such as rising.
- the deterioration problem of the secondary battery is also related to the lifespan of the secondary battery. Specifically, as the temperature of the secondary battery increases, side reactions may increase, resulting in a decrease in the charge/discharge capacity of the secondary battery.
- a gel polymer electrolyte is an intermediate electrolyte that can simultaneously improve the low stability of a liquid electrolyte and the low ionic conductivity of a solid polymer electrolyte by using the principle of rapid movement of lithium ions through pores formed along polymer fibers entangled in a gel form. am.
- the development of a gel polymer electrolyte that has excellent performance and significantly reduced risk of explosion and combustion is still insignificant, and the problem of short circuit between the anode and cathode, which is the biggest factor in secondary battery stability, has not been fundamentally resolved.
- the gel polymer electrolyte generally has poor adhesion to the surface of the negative electrode, and the gel polymer electrolyte has poor workability.
- the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, by providing a flame retardant gel electrolyte composition that contains a fluorine-containing copolymer and can be gelated on the surface of a negative electrode, thereby solving the problem of deterioration in performance due to deterioration of a secondary battery, and more easily It is possible to manufacture a gel electrolyte, and it is intended to provide an energy storage device having excellent stability and performance by manufacturing a secondary battery including the gel electrolyte composition.
- a fluorine-containing copolymer including repeating units represented by Formula 1 and Formula 2 below; lithium salt; And an organic solvent; it provides a gel electrolyte composition containing.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 independently of each other are hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 straight or branched chain alkyl
- X is *-F; or ego,
- D 1 , D 2 , D 3 and D 4 are each independently selected from hydrogen, fluorine, C 1 -C 6 straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl and fluorinated C 1 -C 6 straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl,
- D 5 is one selected from fluorine, fluorinated C 1 -C 12 straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, and fluorinated C 1 -C 12 straight-chain or branched-chain alkoxy;
- D 6 is one selected from hydrogen, fluorine, fluorinated C 1 -C 12 straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, and fluorinated C 1 -C 12 straight-chain or branched-chain alkoxy;
- n is an integer from 0 to 20;
- y is an integer from 1 to 5;
- R 4 , R 5 and R 6 independently represent hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 straight or branched chain alkyl
- a 2 is C 1 -C 6 straight or branched chain alkylene.
- the anode; cathode; and the gel electrolyte composition wherein the gel electrolyte composition comprises a positive electrode; and a cathode; To form a layer between, it provides a secondary battery.
- the gel electrolyte composition of the present invention has excellent flame retardancy by including a fluorine-containing copolymer, and thus can prevent fire and explosion problems caused by deterioration of a secondary battery including the gel electrolyte composition, and repeat charge and discharge cycles. Even if it is, the performance degradation of the secondary battery can be minimized.
- an electrolyte SEI layer can be formed on the negative electrode to prevent deterioration occurring in the negative electrode, and a side reaction with the electrolyte can be suppressed to realize better lifespan characteristics than conventional secondary batteries. there is.
- 1A is a graph showing flame retardancy characteristics of a gel electrolyte composition according to Example 1.
- Figure 1b is a graph showing the observation of flame retardancy of the gel electrolyte composition according to Example 4.
- FIG. 1C is a graph showing flame retardancy of the gel electrolyte composition according to Example 5.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing specific capacity and coulombic efficiency while charging and discharging secondary batteries of Examples 11 to 14 and Comparative Example 2 for 600 cycles.
- 3A is a diagram illustrating a voltage profile according to cycle progress of a secondary battery according to Example 11;
- 3B is a diagram illustrating a voltage profile according to cycle progress of a secondary battery according to Example 12;
- 3C is a diagram illustrating a voltage profile according to cycle progress of a secondary battery according to Example 13;
- 3D is a diagram illustrating a voltage profile according to cycle progress of a secondary battery according to Example 14;
- 3E is a diagram illustrating a voltage profile according to cycle progress of a secondary battery according to Example 15;
- a fluorine-containing copolymer including repeating units represented by Formula 1 and Formula 2 below; lithium salt; And an organic solvent; it provides a gel electrolyte composition containing.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently of each other hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 straight or branched chain alkyl
- X is *-F
- D 1 , D 2 , D 3 and D 4 are each independently selected from hydrogen, fluorine, C 1 -C 6 straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl and fluorinated C 1 -C 6 straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl
- D 5 is one selected from fluorine, fluorinated C 1 -C 12 straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, and fluorinated C 1 -C 12 straight-chain or branched-chain alkoxy
- D 6 is hydrogen, fluorine, fluorinated C 1 -C 12 straight-chain or branched chain It is one selected from alkyl and fluorinated C 1 -C 12 straight-chain
- R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are each independently hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 straight or branched chain alkyl, and A 2 is C 1 -C 6 straight or branched chain alkylene.
- fluorination means that at least one hydrogen is replaced by fluorine.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently hydrogen or C 1 -C 3 linear or branched chain alkyl
- X is or
- D 1 , D 2 , D 3 and D 4 are independently selected from hydrogen, fluorine, C 1 -C 3 straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl and fluorinated C 1 -C 3 straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl
- D 5 is one selected from fluorine, fluorinated C 1 -C 6 straight-chain or branched chain alkyl and fluorinated C 1 -C 12 straight-chain or branched-chain alkoxy
- D 6 is hydrogen, fluorine, fluorinated C 1 -C 6 straight or branched chain It may be one selected from alkyl and fluorinated C 1 -C 6 straight-chain or branched-chain alkoxy.
- X is , , , , , , , and At least one selected from the group consisting of, and D 1 , D 2 , D 3 and D 4 are each independently hydrogen, fluorine, methyl, *-CHF 2 , *-CH 2 F or *-CF 3 It may be there is.
- R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are each independently hydrogen or C 1 -C 3 straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, and A 2 is C 1 -C 3 straight-chain alkyl. It could be Ren.
- the gel electrolyte composition according to the present invention by including a fluorine-containing copolymer, suppresses the reactivity of unpaired electrons formed in the polymer under conditions in which combustion may occur, thereby stopping the chain reaction of the electrolyte composition to prevent combustion.
- the fluorine-containing copolymer has a molar ratio of the repeating units represented by Formula 1 and Formula 2 of 1:1 to 1:10, preferably 1:2 to 1:8, and more preferably 1:3 to 1:7. It may be included as When the molar ratio of the repeating units represented by Chemical Formulas 1 and 2 contained in the fluorine-containing copolymer satisfies the above numerical range, the prepared gel electrolyte may have excellent flame retardancy, and accordingly, a secondary battery including the gel electrolyte can improve safety and lifespan characteristics, and can be directly crosslinked inside the secondary battery by the cyano group included in the fluorine-containing copolymer, thereby improving workability.
- the fluorine-containing copolymer may further include a repeating unit represented by Chemical Formula 3 below.
- R 7 , R 8 and R 9 independently represent hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl.
- the fluorine-containing copolymer contains 0 to 30 mol%, preferably 0.5 to 20 mol%, more preferably 1 to 15 mol of the repeating unit represented by Formula 3, based on the total repeating units included in the copolymer. It may be included as a %.
- the solubility of the fluorine-containing copolymer in an oil solvent may be excellent, and the hydroxyl group included in the fluorine-containing copolymer may be Since the lithium salt reacts with water to further activate the reaction to form a strong Lewis acid, the crosslinking rate of the fluorine-containing copolymer can be increased.
- crosslinking of the gel electrolyte composition can occur when a cyano group of a fluorine-containing copolymer is bonded to a cyano group of another fluorine-containing copolymer.
- This cross-linking is formed by reacting a lithium salt decomposed at high temperature with a hydroxyl group to form a strong Lewis acid. Since it is formed by forming, the hydroxy group can act as an initiator for cross-linking of the cyano group.
- the fluorine-containing copolymer may have a number average molecular weight of 10,000 to 1,000,000 g/mol, preferably 10,000 to 300,000 g/mol, and more preferably 10,000 to 200,000 g/mol.
- a gel electrolyte having excellent ionic conductivity, mechanical strength, heat resistance, electrical resistance and chemical resistance can be implemented.
- the fluorine-containing copolymer may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by weight, and more preferably 1 to 5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the gel electrolyte composition.
- the gel electrolyte composition contains the fluorine-containing copolymer in the above numerical range, it can not only have excellent crosslinking reactivity and flame retardancy, but also have excellent lithium mobility due to the large amount of liquid electrolyte including lithium salt, resulting in excellent electrical conductivity. Accordingly, a secondary battery manufactured including the gel electrolyte composition may exhibit excellent output, charge, and lifespan characteristics.
- the fluorine-containing copolymer in the presence of a lithium salt and an organic solvent, and in particular, the gel electrolyte can be cross-linked in a secondary battery.
- the lithium salt is LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiFSI, LiTFSI, LiSO 3 CF 3 , LiBOB, LiFOB, LiDFOB, LiDFBP, LiTFOP, LiPO 2 F 2 , LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiB10Cl10, LiCF 3 SO 3 , At least one selected from the group consisting of LiCF 3 CO 2 , LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , CH 3 SO 3 Li, CF 3 SO 3 Li, LiSCN, and LiC(CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , preferably LiPF 6 , it may be at least one or more selected from the group consisting of LiFSI and LiDFOB.
- the viscosity of the electrolyte may be lowered and crosslinkability may be improved.
- the lithium salt may be dissolved in an organic solvent to have a concentration of 0.5 to 3 M, preferably 0.8 to 1.5 M, and more preferably 0.8 to 1.2 M.
- concentration of the lithium salt satisfies the above numerical range, the crosslinking reactivity of the fluorine-containing copolymer included in the gel electrolyte may be more excellent, and thus, the secondary battery including the gel electrolyte may realize excellent charge and discharge capacity. .
- the organic solvent is a compound containing a carbonate group
- it can be used without limitation, but excellent secondary battery performance can be implemented by using a mixture of a cyclic carbonate-based compound and a linear carbonate-based compound.
- the organic solvent is dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), methylpropyl carbonate (MPC), ethylpropyl carbonate ( At least selected from the group consisting of ethylpropyl carbonte (EPC), ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and butylene carbonate (BC) It may include at least one, preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), and ethylene carbonate (EC).
- the ethylene carbonate (ethylene carbonte, EC) is a cyclic carbonate-based compound, and a gel electrolyte composition containing the same can control viscosity, dissociate lithium salts, and has an excellent permittivity.
- the charge/discharge capacity of the battery may be improved.
- the ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC) is a linear carbonate-based compound and has a low freezing point and a high boiling point, so that a gel electrolyte composition including it can have excellent low-temperature characteristics and can suppress low-temperature discharge of a secondary battery, The cycle life of the battery can be improved.
- the organic solvent may have a volume ratio of ethylene carbonate and ethylmethyl carbonate of 1:1 to 1:10, preferably 1:1 to 1:5, and more preferably 1:2 to 1:3.
- ethylene carbonate and ethylmethyl carbonate included in the organic solvent are mixed in the above volume ratio range, excellent dielectric constant, lithium salt dissociation characteristics, and low-temperature characteristics may be simultaneously obtained.
- the gel electrolyte composition may be crosslinked at 20 to 80°C, preferably 30 to 80°C, and more preferably 40 to 70°C.
- a crosslinking reaction rate is increased and a gel polymer electrolyte having excellent mechanical properties can be prepared.
- the method for preparing the fluorine-containing copolymer may be prepared by reacting a base copolymer including repeating units represented by Formulas 2 and 3 below with a fluorine-containing compound.
- R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are each independently hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 straight or branched chain alkyl, and A 2 is C 1 -C 6 straight or branched chain alkylene.
- R 7 , R 8 and R 9 independently represent hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl.
- the fluorine-containing copolymer may be prepared by reacting a hydroxyl group included in the base copolymer with a fluorine-containing compound, and the content of the repeating unit represented by Formula 3 may be adjusted according to the mass ratio of the base copolymer and the fluorine-containing compound. Not only can you adjust, but you can also not include it.
- the fluorine-containing compound is 4- (trifluoromethoxy) benzoic acid (4- (trifluoromethoxy) benzoic acid), pentafluorobenzoic acid (pentafluorobenzoic acid), bis (pentafluorophenyl) carbonate (bis (pentafluorophenyl) carbonate ), trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride, bis (trifluoromethyl) benzenesulfonyl chloride, pentafluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride, pentafluorobenzyl bromide, heptafluorobutyryl chloride, bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate, pentafluorobenzoyl chloride (pentafluorobenzoyl chloride), bis(pentafluorophenyl) carbonate, trifluoroethyl methacrylate, heptafluoro-1-butanol, 4- (triflu
- the fluorine-containing copolymer produced by substitution with the fluorine-containing compound has a high fluorine content, and can realize excellent heat resistance and flame retardancy, and thus, a secondary battery manufactured including the fluorine-containing copolymer can have excellent lifespan characteristics and safety. there is.
- the fluorine-containing copolymer may be prepared through an ester reaction (DCC coupling, reaction of carbonates with alcohol, reaction of sulfonyl chloride with alcohol) between the base copolymer and the fluorine-containing compound.
- the esterification reaction may proceed with a coupling agent participating in the reaction.
- the coupling agent may be different depending on the type of functional group of the fluorine-containing compound, and for example, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide for an ester bond, triethylamine for a carbonate bond, and pyridine for a sulfone bond may be preferable.
- the coupling agent may be a carbodiimide-based, pyridine-based, and amine-based coupling agent, specifically, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), ethyldimethylaminopropyl carboximide, hydroxysuccinimide, diisopropylcarbodiimide It may be at least one selected from the group consisting of bodyimide (DIC), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), pyridine, triethylamine, and 2-chloro-1-methylpyridinium iodine, preferably dicyclohexyl. It may be at least one selected from the group consisting of carbodiimide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, triethylamine and pyridine.
- DCC dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- DMAP 4-dimethylaminopyridine
- pyridine triethylamine
- the method for preparing the fluorine-containing copolymer may be prepared by including an aprotic organic solvent.
- the aprotic organic solvent is at least selected from the group consisting of acetone, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, dimethylpropylene urea, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethyl acetate, hexamethylphosphate triamide, pyridine, sulfolane and tetrahydrofuran It may include one or more, but is not necessarily limited thereto as long as it is possible to synthesize a fluorine-containing copolymer.
- a 1 is C 1 -C 6 alkylene.
- the content of the vinyl alcohol repeating unit included in the fluorine-containing copolymer may vary depending on the molar ratio of the base copolymer and the fluorine-containing compound in Preparation Formulas 1 to 7, and may not be included at all in some cases. Specifically, if the molar ratio of the base copolymer and the fluorine-containing compound is 1:2 to 1:5, the vinyl alcohol repeating unit may not be included, and if the molar ratio is 1:1 to less than 1:2, vinyl alcohol repeats. It may include units, but may be the same or different depending on the reacting fluorine-containing compound.
- an anode a cathode; and the gel electrolyte composition, wherein the gel electrolyte composition forms a layer between an anode and a cathode.
- the secondary battery may have excellent stability as a result of preventing a short circuit between the positive electrode and the negative electrode by including a flame retardant gel electrolyte composition having excellent heat resistance and flame retardancy between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- a solid electrolyte interface (SEI, solid electrolyte interphase ) layer, and excellent mobility of lithium can be implemented on the surface of the negative electrode, so that the capacity retention rate of the secondary battery can be improved.
- the secondary battery may satisfy Equation 1 below.
- C 600 is the discharge capacity of a secondary battery after repeated charging and discharging 600 times
- C 1 is the discharge capacity of the secondary battery after one charge and discharge.
- Equation 1 represents the charge and discharge capacity of the secondary battery, and in Equation 1, the C 600 /C 1 value may be 0.85 to 0.98, which means that it has excellent lifespan characteristics compared to conventional secondary batteries. can do.
- the positive active material included in the positive electrode is at least one or more selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, manganese, tin, silicon and aluminum, preferably lithium, nickel, manganese in terms of overcoming the advantages and disadvantages of each metal. And it may be one containing an alloy of cobalt.
- the negative electrode active material included in the negative electrode may include at least one selected from the group consisting of graphite, silicon, germanium, tin, and antimony, preferably graphite.
- the gel electrolyte composition may be formed by gelation on the surface of an anode. Accordingly, even if the gel electrolyte composition according to the present invention is applied, it is possible to form a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer at the negative electrode, which prevents decomposition of the electrolyte and promotes smooth movement of lithium ions, thereby preventing the performance of the lithium secondary battery. and lifespan can be improved.
- SEI solid electrolyte interface
- a gel electrolyte composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.907 g (0.0044 mol) of 4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoic acid, a fluorine-containing compound, was added.
- a gel electrolyte composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 2.3329 g (0.011 mol) of pentafluorobenzoic acid, a fluorine-containing compound, was added.
- a gel electrolyte composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.9331 g (0.0044 mol) of pentafluorobenzoic acid, a fluorine-containing compound, was added.
- a gel electrolyte composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 6, except that 2.579 g (0.00825 mol) of Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonyl chloride of a fluorine-containing compound was added and the mixed solution was reacted at room temperature for 72 hours.
- a gel electrolyte composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 7, except that 1.2 mL (2.2 g, 0.00825 mol) of pentafluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride was added as a fluorine-containing compound.
- a gel electrolyte composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 9, except that 0.58 g (0.00275 mol) of trifluoroacetic anhydride was added as a fluorine-containing compound.
- a gel electrolyte composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the fluorine-containing copolymer was not included.
- Example 1 4-(Trifluoromethoxy)benzoic acid 1.36 g (0.066 mol) not include O
- Example 2 4-(Trifluoromethoxy)benzoic acid 0.907 g (0.0044 mol) include O
- Example 3 Pentafluorobenzoic acid 2.3329 g (0.011 mol) not include O
- Example 4 Pentafluorobenzoic acid 0.9331 g (0.0044 mol) include O
- Example 5 Bis(pentafluorophenyl) carbonate 3.2514 g (0.00825 mol) not include O
- Example 6 Trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride 1.39 g (0.00825 mol) not include O
- Example 7 Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonyl chloride 2.579g (0.00825 mol) not include O
- Example 8 Pentafluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride 2.2 g (0.00825
- Examples 1 to 10 are gel electrolyte compositions containing a fluorine-containing copolymer
- Comparative Example 1 is a gel electrolyte composition of a copolymer of acrylonitrile-ethylene oxide.
- 1a to 1c are photographs showing the flame retardancy evaluation results of Examples 1, 4, and 5 including a fluorine-containing copolymer containing an aryl group, and excellent flame retardancy can be confirmed.
- a secondary battery was prepared using LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 (NCM 622) as a positive electrode, graphite and the gel electrolyte composition according to Example 1 as a negative electrode.
- NCM 622 LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2
- the NCM 622 anode was prepared by mixing LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 : PVDF : super-P in a mass ratio of 94:3:3 and dissolving it uniformly in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) to prepare a slurry did
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the prepared slurry was coated on aluminum foil and dried in a vacuum oven at 120° C. for 24 hours to prepare a positive electrode. After loading the prepared positive electrode at a density of 12 mg/cm 2 , a circular shape having a diameter of 14 mm was pierced and used in a coin-type cell.
- graphite:PVDF:carbon black (Super p) was mixed in a mass ratio of 94:3:3 and then uniformly dissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) to prepare a slurry.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the prepared slurry was coated on a copper foil and dried in a vacuum oven at 120° C. for 24 hours to prepare a negative electrode.
- a circular shape having a diameter of 16 mm was pierced and used in a coin-type cell.
- the gel electrolyte composition according to Example 1 was disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to complete a coin-type secondary battery.
- SEI solid electrolyte interphase
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 11, except that the gel electrolyte composition according to Example 3 was applied instead of the gel electrolyte composition according to Example 1.
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 11, except that the gel electrolyte composition according to Example 4 was applied instead of the gel electrolyte composition according to Example 1.
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 11, except that the gel electrolyte composition according to Example 5 was applied instead of the gel electrolyte composition according to Example 1.
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 11, except that the gel electrolyte composition according to Example 9 was applied instead of the gel electrolyte composition according to Example 1.
- the gelation reaction was started. Thereafter, charging and discharging were performed 600 times under the condition of a rate speed of 0.5 C-rate, and the capacity discharged at one charge and discharge time and the capacity discharged at 600 times were measured, which were calculated by Equation 1 below.
- Capacity retention rate (%) (Discharge capacity at 600 cycles / Discharge capacity at 1 cycle) ⁇ 100
- Example 11 Example 1 4-(Trifluoromethoxy)benzoic acid 81.4
- Example 12 Example 3 Pentafluorobenzoic acid 82.95
- Example 13 Example 4 Pentafluorobenzoic acid 91.5
- Example 14 Example 5
- Example 15 Example 9 Trifluoroacetic anhydride 87.3 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 1 liquid electrolyte 80.3
- the capacity retention rate in Table 2 shows the change in discharge capacity after 600 charge/discharge cycles, which is a measured value inferring the lifespan characteristics of the secondary battery.
- Examples 11 to 15 include the gel electrolyte compositions according to Examples 1, 3 to 5, and 9, respectively, and the secondary battery capacity retention rate is 81% or more, specifically, in the case of Examples 13 to 15, 85 % or higher was confirmed. This is because the secondary batteries according to Examples 11 to 15 form a stable SEI layer by including the gel electrolyte compositions according to Examples 1, 3 to 5, and 9, thereby preventing deterioration of the negative electrode, thereby preventing side reactions with the electrolyte. is suppressed, and ultimately a more excellent capacity retention rate can be obtained.
- FIGS. 3A to 3D show capacitance-voltage graphs of Examples 11 to 15 under an initial rate limiting condition of 0.1 C-rate.
- the amount of the SEI layer generated at the beginning of charge and discharge can be inferred through capacity comparison and coulombic efficiency calculation of the secondary batteries according to Examples 11 to 15 at the beginning of charge and discharge, and how much overvoltage is formed in each battery. can check whether it is In the capacity range of 0 mAh/g to 10 mAh/g, the lower the voltage, the better, but Example 13 was the lowest. In addition, Example 13 also showed the highest value in the capacity retention rate.
- the gel electrolyte composition of the present invention can implement flame retardancy by containing a fluorine-containing copolymer, and can prevent explosion and fire accidents by improving the stability of a secondary battery including the gel electrolyte composition.
- a stable SEI layer can be formed on the negative electrode to prevent deterioration occurring in the negative electrode, and side reactions with the electrolyte can be suppressed to realize better lifespan characteristics than conventional secondary batteries. there is.
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Abstract
Description
| PVA-CN의 작용기 치환 화합물 | ||||
| 화합물명 | 첨가량 | 비닐알코올 반복단위 포함 여부 | 난연성 | |
| 실시예 1 | 4-(Trifluoromethoxy)benzoic acid | 1.36g(0.066 mol) | 포함하지 않음 | O |
| 실시예 2 | 4-(Trifluoromethoxy)benzoic acid | 0.907g(0.0044 mol) | 포함 | O |
| 실시예 3 | Pentafluorobenzoic acid | 2.3329g(0.011 mol) | 포함하지 않음 | O |
| 실시예 4 | Pentafluorobenzoic acid | 0.9331g(0.0044 mol) | 포함 | O |
| 실시예 5 | Bis(pentafluorophenyl) carbonate | 3.2514g(0.00825 mol) | 포함하지 않음 | O |
| 실시예 6 | Trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride | 1.39 g(0.00825 mol) | 포함하지 않음 | O |
| 실시예 7 | Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonyl chloride | 2.579 g (0.00825 mol) |
포함하지 않음 | O |
| 실시예 8 | Pentafluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride | 2.2g(0.00825 mol) | 포함하지 않음 | O |
| 실시예 9 | Trifluoroacetic anhydride | 1.73g(0.00825 mol) | 포함하지 않음 | O |
| 실시예 10 | Trifluoroacetic anhydride | 0.58g(0.00275 mol) | 포함 | O |
| 비교예 1 | 카보네이트 액체 전해질 | X | X | X |
| 겔 전해질 | PVA-CN의 작용기 치환 화합물 | 용량 유지율(%) | |
| 실시예 11 | 실시예 1 | 4-(Trifluoromethoxy)benzoic acid | 81.4 |
| 실시예 12 | 실시예 3 | Pentafluorobenzoic acid | 82.95 |
| 실시예 13 | 실시예 4 | Pentafluorobenzoic acid | 91.5 |
| 실시예 14 | 실시예 5 | Bis(pentafluorophenyl) carbonate | 86.6 |
| 실시예 15 | 실시예 9 | Trifluoroacetic anhydride | 87.3 |
| 비교예 2 | 비교예 1 | 액체 전해질 | 80.3 |
Claims (17)
- 하기 화학식 1 및 화학식 2로 표시되는 반복단위를 포함하는 불소함유 공중합체;리튬염; 및유기용매;를 포함하는, 겔 전해질 조성물.[화학식 1]상기 화학식 1에서,A1은 *-C(=O)-*, *-C(=O)O-* 또는 *-S(=O)2-*이며,R1, R2 및 R3은 서로 독립적으로 수소 또는 C1-C6 직쇄 또는 분지쇄 알킬이며,D1, D2, D3 및 D4는 서로 독립적으로 수소, 불소, C1-C6 직쇄 또는 분지쇄 알킬 및 불소화 C1-C6 직쇄 또는 분지쇄 알킬에서 선택되는 하나이며,D5는 불소, 불소화 C1-C12 직쇄 또는 분지쇄 알킬 및 불소화 C1-C12 직쇄 또는 분지쇄 알콕시에서 선택되는 하나이며,D6는 수소, 불소, 불소화 C1-C12 직쇄 또는 분지쇄 알킬 및 불소화 C1-C12 직쇄 또는 분지쇄 알콕시에서 선택되는 하나이며,n은 0 내지 20 정수이며,y는 1 내지 5 정수이다.[화학식 2]상기 화학식 2에서,R4, R5 및 R6은 서로 독립적으로 수소 또는 C1-C6 직쇄 또는 분지쇄 알킬이며,A2는 C1-C6 직쇄 또는 분지쇄 알킬렌이다.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,R1, R2 및 R3은 서로 독립적으로 수소 또는 C1-C3 직쇄 또는 분지쇄 알킬이며,D1, D2, D3 및 D4는 서로 독립적으로 수소, 불소, C1-C3 직쇄 또는 분지쇄 알킬 및 불소화 C1-C3 직쇄 또는 분지쇄 알킬에서 선택되는 하나이며,D5는 불소, 불소화 C1-C6 직쇄 또는 분지쇄 알킬 및 불소화 C1-C12 직쇄 또는 분지쇄 알콕시에서 선택되는 하나이며,D6은 수소, 불소, 불소화 C1-C6 직쇄 또는 분지쇄 알킬 및 불소화 C1-C6 직쇄 또는 분지쇄 알콕시에서 선택되는 하나인, 겔 전해질 조성물.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,R4, R5 및 R6은 서로 독립적으로 수소 또는 C1-C3 직쇄 또는 분지쇄 알킬이며,A2는 C1-C3 직쇄 알킬렌인 것인, 겔 전해질 조성물.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 불소함유 공중합체는 상기 화학식 1 및 화학식 2로 표시되는 반복단위를 1:1 내지 1:10의 몰비로 포함하는 것인, 겔 전해질 조성물.
- 청구항 2에 있어서,상기 불소함유 공중합체는 상기 공중합체에 포함되는 총 반복단위에 대해서, 상기 화학식 3으로 표시되는 반복단위를 30 mol% 미만으로 포함하는 것인, 겔 전해질 조성물.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 불소함유 공중합체는 수평균분자량이 10,000 내지 1,000,000 g/mol인 것인, 겔 전해질 조성물.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 겔 전해질 조성물 100 중량부를 기준으로 불소함유 공중합체가 0.1 내지 10 중량부로 포함되는, 겔 전해질 조성물.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 리튬염은 LiPF6, LiClO4, LiBF4, LiFSI, LiTFSI, LiSO3CF3, LiBOB, LiFOB, LiDFOB, LiDFBP, LiTFOP, LiPO2F2, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiB10Cl10, LiCF3SO3, LiCF3CO2, LiAsF6, LiSbF6, LiAlCl4, CH3SO3Li, CF3SO3Li, LiSCN 및 LiC(CF3SO2)3으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 적어도 하나 이상인, 겔 전해질 조성물.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 유기용매는 디메틸 카보네이트(dimethyl carbonate, DMC), 디에틸 카보네이트(diethyl carbonate, DEC), 디프로필 카보네이트(dipropyl carbonte, DPC), 메틸프로필 카보네이트 (methylpropyl carbonate, MPC), 에틸프로필 카보네이트(ethylpropyl carbonte, EPC), 에틸메틸 카보네이트 (ethylmethyl carbonate, EMC), 에틸렌 카보네이트(ethylene carbonte, EC), 프로필렌 카보네이트(propylene carbonte, PC) 및 부틸렌 카보네이트(butylene carbonate, BC)로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 하나 또는 둘 이상을 포함하는 것인, 겔 전해질 조성물.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 겔 전해질 조성물은 20 내지 80℃에서 가교되는 것인 겔 전해질 조성물.
- 양극;음극; 및제 1항 내지 12항 중 어느 한 항의 겔 전해질 조성물;을 포함하는 이차전지로서,상기 겔 전해질 조성물은 양극 및 음극 사이에 층을 형성하는 것인, 이차전지.
- 청구항 13에 있어서.상기 이차전지는 하기 식 1을 만족하는 것인, 이차전지.[식 1]C600/C1 ≥ 0.8상기 식 1에서,C600은 600회 충전과 방전을 반복한 이차전지의 방전용량이며,C1은 1회 충전과 방전한 이차전지의 방전용량이다.
- 제 13항에 있어서.상기 양극에 포함되는 양극 활물질은 니켈, 코발트, 망간, 주석, 실리콘 및 알루미늄으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 적어도 하나 이상을 포함하는 것인, 이차전지.
- 제 13항에 있어서,상기 음극에 포함되는 음극 활물질은 흑연, 실리콘, 게르마늄, 주석 및 안티몬으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 적어도 하나 이상을 포함하는 것인, 이차전지.
- 제 13항에 있어서,상기 겔 전해질 조성물은 음극 표면에서 겔화되어 형성된 것인, 이차전지.
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- 2022-12-07 WO PCT/KR2022/019815 patent/WO2023128366A1/ko not_active Ceased
- 2022-12-07 US US18/725,601 patent/US20250174718A1/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2024080827A1 (ko) * | 2022-10-13 | 2024-04-18 | 한국화학연구원 | 겔 고분자 전해질 형성용 조성물, 그로부터 제조된 겔 고분자 전해질 및 그 제조방법 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20250174718A1 (en) | 2025-05-29 |
| JP7780024B2 (ja) | 2025-12-03 |
| JP2025503564A (ja) | 2025-02-04 |
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