WO2023085351A1 - T細胞の分化調節剤及び組成物 - Google Patents
T細胞の分化調節剤及び組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a T cell differentiation regulator and composition.
- Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin contains a superantigen and is known to cause toxic shock syndrome (TSS) in affected patients (Non-Patent Document 1). These superantigens cross-link the T-cell receptor (TCR) V ⁇ chain and major histocompatibility complex antigens, inducing T-cell receptor signaling (TCR signaling).
- TSS toxic shock syndrome
- TCR signaling TCR signaling
- Patent Document 1 an antiviral agent containing an extract of Coccomyxa algae as an active ingredient has been disclosed (Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 2 the development of an anti-influenza agent and a herpesvirus relapsing inhibitor containing an extract of Coccomyxa algae as an active ingredient is also underway (Patent Documents 2 and 3).
- Patent Document 4 in the presence of fucoidan, which is a sulfated polysaccharide derived from brown algae, antigen-specific cells are obtained by incubating progenitor cells having the ability to differentiate into cytotoxic T cells with antigen-presenting cells. In vitro induction of cytotoxic T cells with cytotoxic activity has been described.
- T cells suppress excessive immune responses and play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the body. is suppressed, and the body's immune system may not function normally, which has been a problem. Therefore, there is a demand for the development of a new means for suppressing over-activation of T-cells after T-cell stimulation by superantigens and the subsequent exhaustion of the immune system.
- the present invention appropriately controls the differentiation of activated T cells in order to avoid excessive activation of T cells after T cell stimulation by superantigens and the subsequent decline in immune function (immune system exhaustion).
- the object is to provide a means that can
- a T-cell differentiation regulator comprising, as an active ingredient, algal bodies of microalgae belonging to the genus Coccomyxa, its dry powder, or its extract.
- the T cell differentiation regulator of [1] which has an effect of promoting the proliferation of activated effector T cells and an effect of preserving memory T cells.
- the T cell differentiation regulator of [1] or [2] which suppresses excessive activation of T cells.
- the microalgae is Coccomyxa sp.
- the T cell differentiation regulator according to any one of [1] to [3], which is a KJ strain or a mutant strain thereof.
- a composition comprising the T cell differentiation regulator of any one of [1] to [6].
- the composition of [7] which is a food, food additive, or feed.
- [A] A method for regulating T cell differentiation, comprising administering algal bodies of microalgae belonging to the genus Coccomyxa, dry powder thereof, or extracts thereof to a subject in need of regulation of T cell differentiation.
- [B] An algal body of microalgae belonging to the genus Coccomyxa, a dry powder thereof, or an extract thereof, for use in the treatment of regulation of differentiation of T cells.
- T cell differentiation regulator capable of appropriately controlling T cell differentiation. This is expected to suppress the excessive activation of T cells after T cell stimulation by a superantigen or the like and the subsequent decline in immune function (immune system exhaustion).
- FIG. 2 shows the total cell number when human PBMC were stimulated with TSST-1 in the presence of various concentrations of CE, showing the small lymphocyte gate (upper panel) and the large lymphocyte gate (activated lymphocytes) ( Figure below) shows the ratio of cells.
- FIG. 3 shows morphological observations (KEYENCE BZ-X710 phase contrast) when human PBMCs were stimulated with TSST-1 in the presence of various concentrations of CE (right panel).
- FIG. 4 shows FCM patterns of lymphocyte subsets.
- FIG. 6 shows the results of proliferation assays of T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 mAb or anti-CD3/CD28 microbeads.
- the horizontal axis represents the fluorescence intensity of CFSE, and the peak indicates cell division (left 9 panels; 24 hours, middle 9 panels; 48 hours, right 9 panels 72 hours).
- the upper panel shows the results without TSST-1 stimulation, the middle panels show the results with TSST-1 stimulation, and the lower panels show the results with TSST-1 stimulation and 3000 ⁇ g/mL CE.
- Figure 7 shows the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD25 in the CD4 gate (Th cells) and the CD8 gate (Tc cells). Closed bars are the small lymphocyte gate and open bars are the results of the large lymphocyte gate.
- FIG. 9 shows FCM patterns of activated and exhausted T cells in the presence or absence of CE. Panels above the dotted line show typical FACS patterns of pre-culture (Day 0) T cells. In FIG. 9, small and large lymphocytes were gated on CD45+CD3+ cells, separated into CD4 and CD8 T cells, and analyzed for CD25 and PD-1 expression levels.
- FIG. 10 shows IL-10 concentrations in culture supernatants.
- FIG. 11 shows the percentages of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells before culture (Day 0) among CD4+ T cells. Closed bars are the small lymphocyte gate and open bars are the results of the large lymphocyte gate.
- FIG. 12 shows the percentage of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells after adding different concentrations of CE and culturing for 72 hours. Closed bars are the small lymphocyte gate and open bars are the results of the large lymphocyte gate.
- FIG. 13 shows FCM patterns of Th cell subsets in the presence or absence of CE.
- FIG. 14 shows the concentration of each cytokine produced by human PBMC.
- FIG. 15 shows the expression of naive/memory T cell markers, unstimulated (TSST-1(-)) or stimulated with 0-3000 ⁇ g/ml CE, showing the FCM pattern of CD45RA and CD62L expression on T cells.
- Figure 17 shows the analysis results of the expression levels of CCR7, CD127, CXCR3, CD95 and CD45RO.
- FIG. 18 shows FCM patterns for analysis of CD45RA and CD45RO expression levels.
- small or large lymphocytes were gated on CD3+ cells, separated into CD4 and CD8 T cells, and analyzed for expression levels of CD45RA and CD45RO.
- a T cell differentiation regulator is an agent for regulating T cell differentiation associated with activation.
- the T cell differentiation regulator of the present invention accelerates the proliferation of already activated T cells (effector T cells) and at the same time preserves non-activated cell groups (memory T cells). , suppresses depletion of T cells. In this way, since the depletion of T cells is suppressed, it is possible to prevent an immunosuppressive state (lowered immune function), or to escape from the immunosuppressive state (lowered immune function), thereby improving the immune function. Improvement is expected.
- memory T cells TSCM cells , TCM cells, TEM cells
- TSCM cells have high self-renewal ability and proliferation ability and survive for a long period of time. It can effectively suppress cell exhaustion and preserve T cells.
- the T cell differentiation regulator of the present invention regulates the differentiation of activated T cells (effector T cells), reduces the proportion of exhausted T cells, and suppresses the induction of apoptosis.
- T cell differentiation regulators accelerate the proliferation of activated T cells (effector T cells), but work to prevent T cells from becoming exhausted. If we can reduce the proportion of exhausted T cells and apoptosis, we can prevent excessive suppression of immune function.
- the T cell differentiation-regulating agent of the present invention regulates the production of inflammatory cytokines. Since overproduction of inflammatory cytokines leads to the induction of cytokine storms, regulating the production of inflammatory cytokines has the effect of suppressing the occurrence of cytokine storms and the associated attenuation of immune function. Be expected.
- the term "agent” may consist of only “algal bodies of microalgae belonging to the genus Coccomyxa, its dry powder or its extract” as an active ingredient, or may contain additives other than the above active ingredients. may contain. That is, the agent for regulating T cell differentiation of the present invention also includes "algal bodies of microalgae belonging to the genus Coccomyxa, dry powder thereof, or extracts thereof" per se for use in regulating T cell differentiation.
- the T cell differentiation regulator of the present invention contains algal bodies of microalgae belonging to the genus Coccomyxa, dried powder thereof, or extracts thereof as active ingredients. There are no particular restrictions on the type of microalgae of the genus Coccomyxa, but preferred examples include Coccomyxa sp. KJ strains or variants thereof may be mentioned. Coco Mixa sp. The KJ strain (KJ Denso) was registered on June 4, 2013 by the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Biotechnology Center, Patent Organism Depositary Center (NITE-IPOD) (2-5-8 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture, Room 120). ) under Accession No. FERM P-22254 and transferred to the International Deposit on June 2, 2015 under the provisions of the Putabest Treaty under Accession No. FERM BP-22254.
- Mutants of the KJ strain can be obtained by irradiation with ultraviolet rays, X-rays, gamma rays, etc., mutagen treatment, heavy beam irradiation, genetic manipulation (introduction of foreign genes, gene disruption, genetic modification by genome editing, etc.), etc. .
- the method for obtaining the mutant strain, its characteristics, etc. are not particularly limited.
- the medium for culturing the genus Coccomyxa microalgae may be one commonly used for culturing microalgae.
- a medium for known freshwater microalgae containing various nutrients, trace metal salts, vitamins, etc. any medium for marine microalgae can be used.
- the medium include AF6 medium.
- the composition of AF6 medium (per 100 ml) is as follows.
- Nutrients include, for example, nitrogen sources such as NaNO 3 , KNO 3 , NH 4 Cl and urea, and phosphorus sources such as K 2 HPO 4 , KH 2 PO 4 and sodium glycerophosphate.
- Trace metals include iron, magnesium, manganese, calcium, zinc and the like, and vitamins include vitamin B 1 and vitamin B 12 .
- the culture method should be agitation while supplying carbon dioxide under aeration conditions. At that time, culture is performed by irradiating light with a fluorescent lamp for 12 hours, irradiating light with a light-dark cycle such as dark conditions for 12 hours, or irradiating with continuous light.
- the culture conditions are not particularly limited as long as they do not adversely affect the growth of the genus Coccomyxa microalgae.
- the dry powder of algal bodies can be prepared by subjecting the collected algal bodies to drying treatment and crushing (crushing) treatment.
- drying treatment for example, drum drying, spray drying, freeze drying, or the like can be employed.
- a bead crusher, homogenizer, French press, mixer/blender, pulverizer, etc. can be used for the crushing treatment.
- the order of drying treatment and crushing treatment does not matter.
- a device having drying and crushing functions may be used to perform the drying treatment and the crushing treatment at the same time.
- the particle size of the dry powder is not particularly limited.
- a dry powder having an average particle size of 0.2 ⁇ m to 2 mm, preferably 0.4 ⁇ m to 400 ⁇ m is preferable.
- the extract of the KJ strain is an extract of Coccomyxa sp.
- the collected supernatant may be used as it is as an algal extract, or the collected supernatant may be dried and used as an extract.
- drying treatment of the supernatant for example, drum drying, spray drying, freeze drying, etc. can be employed.
- the temperature of the water used for extraction may be, for example, a high temperature of 85°C or a low temperature of 10°C or less. preferably.
- the extraction time is preferably 1 to 100 hours.
- the dry powder used for extraction can also be the residue obtained by extracting fat-soluble components using an organic solvent such as acetone, ethanol, or hexane.
- an organic solvent such as acetone, ethanol, or hexane.
- Microalgae to be used are Kokkomikusa sp. It is not limited to the KJ strain, and other Coccomyxa strains may be used.
- T cell differentiation regulator of the present invention and compositions containing the same can be used in various applications.
- the T cell differentiation-regulating agent of the present invention and a composition containing the same can be used, for example, as a pharmaceutical (therapeutic or prophylactic), food, or feed.
- the T cell differentiation regulator of the present invention or a composition containing the same is, for example, pharmaceuticals, quasi-drugs, cosmetics, sundries, foods, and food additives. , or as a bait, for example, for treatment to improve immune function or prevention of immune attenuation. Effects of drugs include (1) prevention of immunosuppressive state (lowered immune function), (2) improvement of immune function, (3) suppression of excessive immune reaction, and the like.
- Formulations for manufacturing pharmaceuticals, quasi-drugs, cosmetics and miscellaneous goods can be carried out according to standard methods.
- Formulation using pharmaceutically acceptable additives e.g., excipients, disintegrants, buffers, emulsifiers, suspending agents, soothing agents, stabilizers, preservatives, preservatives, physiological saline, etc.
- pharmaceutically acceptable additives e.g., excipients, disintegrants, buffers, emulsifiers, suspending agents, soothing agents, stabilizers, preservatives, preservatives, physiological saline, etc.
- lactose starch, sorbitol, D-mannitol, white sugar and the like can be used.
- Starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, calcium carbonate and the like can be used as the disintegrant.
- Phosphate, citrate, acetate and the like can be used as buffers.
- Gum arabic, sodium alginate, tragacanth and the like can be used as emulsifiers.
- suspending agents glyceryl monostearate, aluminum monostearate, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate and the like can be used.
- Benzyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, sorbitol and the like can be used as analgesics.
- Propylene glycol, ascorbic acid and the like can be used as stabilizers.
- Preservatives that can be used include phenol, benzalkonium chloride, benzyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, methylparaben, and the like.
- antiseptics benzalkonium chloride, paraoxybenzoic acid, chlorobutanol, and the like can be used.
- the dosage form for formulation is also not particularly limited.
- dosage forms include tablets, powders, fine granules, granules, capsules, syrups, injections, external preparations (ointments, creams, lotions, liquids, gels, poultices, plasters, tapes , aerosols, etc.), and suppositories.
- Drugs and quasi-drugs can be administered orally or parenterally (local injection to the affected area, intravenous, intraarterial, subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular, or intraperitoneal injection, percutaneous, intranasal) depending on the dosage form. , transmucosal, etc.).
- Systemic administration and local administration are also indicated by the subject. These administration routes are not mutually exclusive, and two or more arbitrarily selected routes can be used in combination.
- the pharmaceuticals, quasi-drugs, and cosmetics of the present invention contain an amount of active ingredient necessary to obtain the expected effects (that is, a therapeutically or preventively effective amount).
- the amount of the active ingredient in the medicament of the present invention generally varies depending on the dosage form, but the amount of the active ingredient is set, for example, within the range of about 0.1% to about 99% by weight so as to achieve the desired dosage.
- the dosage of the pharmaceuticals, quasi-drugs, and cosmetics of the present invention is set so that the expected effects can be obtained.
- symptoms, age, sex and weight of the patient are generally taken into consideration.
- a person skilled in the art can take these matters into consideration and set an appropriate dosage.
- the dosage can be set so that the amount of the active ingredient per day is 1 mg to 20 mg, preferably 2 mg to 10 mg, for an adult (about 60 kg body weight).
- As an administration schedule for example, once to several times a day, once every two days, or once every three days can be adopted. In preparing the dosing schedule, the patient's condition and duration of effect of the active ingredient can be taken into consideration.
- treatment with other medicaments for example, T cell differentiation regulators such as glucocorticoids
- T cell differentiation regulators such as glucocorticoids
- Combining the active ingredient of the present invention with a drug having a different mechanism of action can provide multiple actions/effects, and can increase therapeutic effects when applied to improve immune function.
- the present invention is characterized by administering a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of a drug containing the T cell differentiation-regulating agent of the present invention to a patient with weakened immune function or a patient at risk of weakened immune function. Also provided are methods for treatment to improve immune function or to prevent a decline in immune function.
- Subjects for treatment or prevention are typically humans, but non-human mammals (e.g., monkeys, cows, pigs, horses, goats, sheep, dogs, cats, rabbits, etc.), birds (chickens, geese, etc.). etc. may be applied.
- T cell differentiation regulators examples include general foods (cereals, vegetables, meat, various processed foods, confectionery and desserts, milk, soft drinks, fruit juice drinks, coffee beverages, vegetable juice drinks, alcoholic beverages, etc.), nutritional supplements (supplements, nutritional drinks, etc.), food additives, pet foods, and pet nutritional supplements.
- nutritional supplements or food additives they can be provided in the form of powder, granule powder, tablet, paste, liquid, or the like. By providing it in the form of a food composition, it becomes easier to take the active ingredient of the present invention on a daily basis or continuously.
- the T cell differentiation regulator and composition of the present invention can also be used as a food additive.
- feed containing a T cell differentiation regulator examples include feed (feed for livestock, poultry, etc.) and pet food.
- the food or feed of the present invention preferably contains an amount of active ingredient that can be expected to have a therapeutic or preventive effect.
- the amount to be added can be determined in consideration of the condition, age, sex, weight, etc. of the person to whom it is used.
- Coccomyxa microalgae extract was added thereto, and the cells were collected after culturing for 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours, and washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS).
- PBS phosphate-buffered saline
- Pan T cell isolation kit (manufactured by Miltenyi Biotech) was used for sorting T cells. Human PBMC collected and washed by the method described above were incubated with a Pan Tcell Biotin-Antibody cocktail at 4° C. for 5 minutes. Then, after adding 40 ⁇ l of washing buffer, 20 ⁇ l of Pan Tcell Micro Bead Cocktail was added and incubated at 4° C. for 10 minutes. T cells were sorted by the Automax system (program: depletion) (manufactured by Miltenyi Biotech) and labeled with the CellTrace TM Cell Proliferation Kit (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific) according to the manufacturer's manual.
- Automax system program: depletion
- CellTrace TM Cell Proliferation Kit manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
- CFSE 5-(6)-carboxyfluorescein-diacetate-succinimidyl ester
- Mononuclear cells from each well were harvested, counted, stained with appropriate dilutions of fluorochrome-labeled mAbs for 15 minutes (at 4°C), and treated with 1% (w/v) bovine serum albumin (BSA, Sigma) in PBS. - Aldrich), cells were analyzed at 72 hours to detect surface expression of differentiation antigens using a BD LSRFortessaTM flow cytometer (BD Biosciences). For each analysis, propidium lodide (PI)-negative cells were further gated and viable cells were extracted prior to further analysis with FlowJo software v10.3 (BD). The mAbs used for staining are as follows. For CFSE analysis, a BD FACSVerse TM flow cytometer (manufactured by BD Biosciences) was used.
- cytokines were quantified using bead-based multiplex LEGENDplex (manufactured by Biolegend) according to the product manual. Specifically, a mixture of 25 ⁇ L of supernatant and 25 ⁇ L of Capture Beads was incubated at room temperature for 2 hours. Beads were washed, mixed with detection antibody and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature. SA-PE was then added and incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature. Finally, the beads were washed and subjected to flow cytometry.
- Cytokines quantified include IL-1 ⁇ , IFN- ⁇ , IFN- ⁇ , TNF- ⁇ , MCP-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-22, IL-23 and IL-33.
- a BD FACSVerse TM flow cytometer (manufactured by BD Biosciences) was used for the analysis. Data were analyzed with LEGENDPlex TM V8.0 software (manufactured by Biolegend), expressed in pg/ml, and entered into a database.
- FIG. 1 shows cell numbers when human PBMC were stimulated with TSST-1 in the presence of various concentrations of CE. As shown in FIG. 1, total cell number increased after TSST-1 stimulation, but the level decreased significantly in a CE concentration-dependent manner.
- FIG. 2 shows the percentage of cells in the large lymphocyte gate (activated lymphocytes) and the small lymphocyte gate. As shown in FIG. 2, the percentage of T cells in the large lymphocyte gate indicating lymphocyte activation was significantly decreased after TSST-1 stimulation in a CE concentration-dependent manner.
- the size of clusters formed by cell aggregation increased in CE culture at 3000 ⁇ g/ml.
- the percentage of helper T cells (Th cells) increased slightly but significantly, the percentages of killer T cells (Tc cells), B cells and NK cells decreased significantly, but the percentage of NKT cells did not change. (Figs. 4 and 5).
- CE enhances differentiation of effector T cells.
- activated T cells effector T cells
- effector T cells proliferated faster and that effector T cells were extensively produced by CE. Therefore, surface activation markers of activated T cells (effector T cells) were analyzed.
- CD25 and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) expression on both CD4 and CD8 T cells increased after TSST-1 stimulation.
- PD-1 expression was significantly increased in both CD4 and CD8 T cells, but PD-1 expression was particularly reduced in CD4 T cells (Figs. 7, 8 and 9).
- CD25 and PD-1 are not only activation markers but also activation markers of regulatory T cells (Treg). Therefore, the amount of secreted IL-10, which is secreted from Treg cells and is known to suppress immune activation, was investigated. As a result, IL-10 secretion was significantly reduced (FIG. 10), suggesting that CE did not enhance Treg differentiation, but cells were activated and not exhausted.
- Th1 cells increased significantly in the small lymphocyte gate in a CE concentration-dependent manner.
- Th2 and Th17 cells also tended to increase (FIGS. 11, 12 and 13).
- CE enhances differentiation of memory T cells. As described above, it was shown that T cells stimulated with TSST-1 in the presence of CE contained both non-proliferating and rapidly dividing cells (activated T cells), suggesting that the T cells of these cells were phenotypically analyzed. As a result, it was found that the proportion of the T cell fraction expressing both CD45RA and CD62L increased in the large lymphocyte gate in a CE concentration-dependent manner (FIGS. 15 and 16). CD45RA and CD62L double positive cells indicate naive T cells. Therefore, we further analyzed the expression levels (MFI) of naive and memory T cell markers such as CCR7, CD127, CD95 and CXCR3.
- MFI expression levels
- T cells stimulated with TSST-1 in the presence of CE contain stem cell-like memory T cells (T SCM ).
- T SCM stem cell-like memory T cells
- CD45RO Fig. 18
- CD8 T cells are CD45RO-negative and are typical It was suggested to contain Tscm.
- CE plays a role in regulating the differentiation of activated T cells stimulated with TSST-1. Specifically, it was suggested that CE activates effector T cells and promotes their differentiation into early memory T cells with a phenotype similar to that of TSCM cells. This suggests that CE can enhance the function of effector T cells while maintaining memory cells with cell proliferation ability.
- TSST-1-stimulated T cells proliferated faster in the presence of high concentrations of CE.
- the proportion of effector T cells as Th1, Th2, Th17 cells tended to increase in PBMC.
- CD25 expression was increased in these T cells, suggesting that some of the T cells were extensively activated.
- IL-1 ⁇ was observed in these T cells, whereas levels of TNF- ⁇ and IL-10 were significantly decreased. It has been shown that CE can modulate the inflammatory cytokine profile of lymphocytes and/or innate immune cells.
- PD-1 is a late-activation marker, cells expressing PD-1 are exhausted, and PD-L1/PD-1 signals induce apoptosis.
- the reduction of PD-1 suggests that T cell exhaustion was suppressed in the presence of CE.
- CD45RO is not expressed in normal TSCM cells
- CD45RO is expressed in inducible TSCM cells, central memory T cells ( TCM cells) and effector memory T cells ( TEM cells).
- CE promotes the differentiation of TSST-1-stimulated and activated T cells into not only central memory T cells ( TCM cells) and effector memory T cells ( TEM cells), but also early memory cells such as TSCM cells. It may be regulated by inducing signals to develop into T cells.
- the T-cell differentiation-regulating agent of the present invention contains a substance derived from microalgae as an active ingredient, and is capable of regulating the differentiation of T-cells stimulated and activated by TSST-1. For this reason, it is possible to provide prevention and treatment strategies for the reduction in immune function associated with excessive activation of T cells.
- the T-cell differentiation-regulating agent of the present invention can suppress T-cell exhaustion and apoptosis, it provides a new therapeutic strategy for preventing the onset of cytokine storm and suppressing the deterioration of immune function.
- the T cell differentiation regulator of the present invention can be expected to be highly safe because its active ingredient is algal bodies of microalgae.
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Abstract
Description
[2] 活性化されたエフェクターT細胞の増殖を促進する作用、及びメモリーT細胞を温存する作用を有する、[1]に記載のT細胞の分化調節剤。
[3] T細胞の過剰活性化を抑制する、[1]又は[2]に記載のT細胞の分化調節剤。
[4] 前記微細藻類がコッコミクサsp.KJ株又はその変異株である、[1]から[3]の何れか一に記載のT細胞の分化調節剤。
[5] 医薬、医薬部外品、化粧品、又は雑貨品である、[1]から[4]の何れか一に記載のT細胞の分化調節剤。
[6] 食品、食品添加剤、又は餌である、[1]から[4]の何れか一に記載のT細胞の分化調節剤。
[7] [1]から[6]の何れか一に記載のT細胞の分化調節剤を含む組成物。
[8] 医薬、医薬部外品、化粧品、又は雑貨品である、[7]に記載の組成物。
[9] 食品、食品添加剤、又は餌である、[7]に記載の組成物。
[B] T細胞の分化調節の処置において使用するための、コッコミクサ属に属する微細藻類の藻体、その乾燥粉末又はその抽出物。
[C] T細胞の分化調節剤の製造のための、コッコミクサ属に属する微細藻類の藻体、その乾燥粉末又はその抽出物の使用。
本明細書において、T細胞の分化調節剤とは、活性化に伴うT細胞の分化を調節するための剤である。具体的には、本発明のT細胞の分化調節剤は、既に活性化されたT細胞(エフェクターT細胞)の増殖を早めると同時に、活性化しない細胞群(メモリーT細胞)を温存することで、T細胞の枯渇を抑制する。このように、T細胞の枯渇が抑制されるため、免疫抑制状態(免疫機能低下状態)となることが予防されたり、免疫抑制状態(免疫機能低下状態)からの脱却が可能となり、免疫機能の改善が期待される。なお、メモリーT細胞(TSCM細胞、TCM細胞、TEM細胞)のうちTSCM細胞は、自己複製能や増殖能が高く長期間生存するため、TSCM細胞の割合が増えることで、T細胞の疲弊を効果的に抑制し、T細胞を温存することができる。
本発明のT細胞の分化調節剤は、コッコミクサ属(Coccomyxa)に属する微細藻類の藻体、その乾燥粉末又はその抽出物を有効成分とする。
コッコミクサ属微細藻類は特に限定されないが、好ましい例としては、コッコミクサsp.KJ株又はその変異株を挙げることができる。コッコミクサsp.KJ株(KJデンソー)は、2013年6月4日付で独立行政法人製品評価技術基盤機構 バイオテクノロジーセンター 特許生物寄託センター(NITE-IPOD)(千葉県木更津市かずさ鎌足2-5-8 120号室)に受託番号FERM P-22254として寄託され、2015年6月2日付でプタベスト条約の規定下で受託番号FERM BP-22254として国際寄託に移管されている。
NH4NO3 2.2mg
MgSO4・7H2O 3mg
KH2PO4 1mg
K2HPO4 0.5mg
CaCl2・2H2O 1mg
CaCO3 1mg
Fe-citrate 0.2mg
Citric acid 0.2mg
Biotin 0.2μg
Thiamine HCl 1μg
Vitamin B6 0.1μg
Vitamin B12 0.1μg
Trace metals 0.5mL
Distilled water 99.5mL
本発明のT細胞の分化調節剤、およびそれを含む組成物は、各種用途に用いることができる。本発明のT細胞の分化調節剤、およびそれを含む組成物は、例えば、医薬(治療薬又は予防薬)、食品、又は餌として使用することができる。
本発明のT細胞の分化調節剤又はそれを含む組成物は、例えば、医薬、医薬部外品、化粧品、雑貨品、食品、食品添加剤、又は餌として使用することができ、例えば、免疫機能改善のための治療又は免疫減衰予防に使用することができる。医薬の効果としては、(1)免疫抑制状態(免疫機能低下状態)の予防、(2)免疫機能の改善、(3)過剰な免疫反応の抑制、等が含まれる。
崩壊剤としてはデンプン、カルボキシメチルセルロース、炭酸カルシウム等を用いることができる。
緩衝剤としてはリン酸塩、クエン酸塩、酢酸塩等を用いることができる。
乳化剤としてはアラビアゴム、アルギン酸ナトリウム、トラガント等を用いることができる。
懸濁剤としてはモノステアリン酸グリセリン、モノステアリン酸アルミニウム、メチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシメチルセルロース、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム等を用いることができる。
安定剤としてはプロピレングリコール、アスコルビン酸等を用いることができる。
保存剤としてはフェノール、塩化ベンザルコニウム、ベンジルアルコール、クロロブタノール、メチルパラベン等を用いることができる。
防腐剤としては塩化ベンザルコニウム、パラオキシ安息香酸、クロロブタノール等を用いることができる。
剤形の例は錠剤、散剤、細粒剤、顆粒剤、カプセル剤、シロップ剤、注射剤、外用剤(軟膏剤、クリーム剤、ローション剤、液剤、ゲル剤、パップ剤、プラスター剤、テープ剤、エアゾール剤等)、及び座剤である。
T細胞の分化調節剤を含む食品の例として一般食品(穀類、野菜、食肉、各種加工食品、菓子・デザート類、牛乳、清涼飲料水、果汁飲料、珈琲飲料、野菜汁飲料、アルコール飲料等)、栄養補助食品(サプリメント、栄養ドリンク等)、食品添加物、愛玩動物用食品、愛玩動物用栄養補助食品を挙げることができる。栄養補助食品又は食品添加物の場合、粉末、顆粒末、タブレット、ペースト、液体等の形状で提供することができる。食品組成物の形態で提供することによって、本発明の有効成分を日常的に摂取したり、継続的に摂取したりすることが容易となる。
また、本発明のT細胞の分化調節剤及び組成物は、食品添加物として使用することもできる。
1.コッコミクサ属微細藻類の抽出物(CE)の調製
凍結乾燥Coccomyxa sp. KJ (IPOD FERM BP-22254)2.5gを蒸留水25mLに加え、37℃で6時間振り混ぜた。次に懸濁液を6000rpmで10分間遠心分離した。上清を採取し、凍結乾燥した。
ヒトPBMCは末梢血(PB)から単離し、単離した細胞をリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)で5分間、4℃で300×gで洗浄した後、6ウェルプレートに播種した。そして、37℃かつ5%CO2条件の下、1μg/mlのTSST-1(Toxin Tec.Sarasota,USA)存在下、RPMI 1640培地「ニッスイ」(日水製薬株式会社製)で培養(1x106/ml)した。なお、RPMI 1640培地「ニッスイ」には、10%ウシ胎児血清(FCS、シグマ-アルドリッチ社製)と抗生物質(ストレプトマイシン0.1mg/ml、ペニシリン100unit/ml(明治製菓株式会社))が含まれていた。ここに、種々の量のコッコミクサ属微細藻類の抽出物(CE)を添加し、24時間、48時間、72時間培養後の細胞を収集し、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)で洗浄した。
T細胞の選別にはPan T細胞単離キット(ミルテニーバイオテク社製)を用いた。上述した方法で採取・洗浄されたヒトPBMCを、Pan Tcell Biotin-Antibodyカクテルと、4℃で5分間インキュベートした。次いで、洗浄用緩衝液40μlを加えた後、Pan Tcell Micro Bead Cocktail 20μlを加え、4℃で10分間インキュベートした。T細胞はオートマックスシステム(プログラム:depletion)(ミルテニーバイオテク社製)により選別し、製品マニュアルに従って、CellTraceTM細胞増殖キット(サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社製)で標識した。具体的には、5-(6)-カルボキシフルオレセイン-ジアセテート-スクシンイミジルエステル(CFSE)粉末をジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO、富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社製)により5mMの濃度とした後、37℃、暗所条件下において、T細胞をCFSE(最終濃度5μM)で20分間インキュベートした。その後、T細胞をPBSで洗浄し、RPMI 1640培地で再懸濁した。次いで、マイクロプレートにコーティングされたDynabeads Human T-Activator CD3/CD28(サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社製)またはanti-CD3でT細胞を刺激した。3日間、経時的にT細胞を採取し、細胞周期を下記のようにFCMにより分析した。
<2.ヒトPBMCの培養>において得られた培養上清を採取し、製品マニュアルに従ってbead-based multiplex LEGENDplex(バイオレジェンド社製)を用いてサイトカイン定量を行った。具体的には、上清25μLと25μLのCapture Beadsを混合したものを室温で2時間インキュベートした。ビーズを洗浄し、検出抗体と混合し、室温で1時間インキュベートした。次にSA-PEを加え、室温で30分間インキュベートした。最後に、ビーズを洗浄し、フローサイトメトリーに供した。定量されたサイトカインは、IL-1α、IFN-α、IFN-γ、TNF-α、MCP-1、IL-2、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-8、IL-9、IL-10、IL-12p70、IL-13、IL-17A、IL-17F、IL-18、IL-22、IL-23およびIL-33であった。分析には、BD FACSVerseTMフローサイトメーター(BDバイオサイエンス社製)を用いた。データはLEGENDPlexTMV8.0ソフトウェア(バイオレジェンド社製)で解析し、pg/mlで表し、データベースに入力した。
統計解析は、Microsoft Excel 又はANOVA (Microsoft, Redmond, WA USA)を用いて行った。データは平均値±標準偏差で表した。
1.CEは活性化T細胞の数を調節する。
図1は、ヒトPBMCを様々な濃度のCEの存在下でTSST-1により刺激した場合の細胞数を示している。図1に示されているように、総細胞数はTSST-1刺激後に増加したが、そのレベルはCE濃度依存的に有意に減少した。
図2は、大リンパ球ゲート(活性化リンパ球)及び小リンパ球ゲートの細胞の割合を示している。図2に示されているように、リンパ球の活性化を示す大リンパ球ゲートのT細胞割合は、TSST-1刺激後にCE濃度依存的に有意に減少した。
上記結果より、CEはPBMC細胞数を減少させ、凝集の形態を変化させることが示唆されたので、CEがT細胞増殖速度に影響するかについて調べた。
3,000μg/mlのCEの存在化もしくは非存在化で、T細胞を、TSST-1で72時間刺激した後に浄化し、CFSEでラベル付けし、anti-CD3 mAb単独またはanti-CD3およびanti-CD28mAb結合ビーズで刺激した。24~72時間後に細胞を採取し、CFSE減衰法により増殖の程度を測定した。その結果、小リンパ球ゲートと大リンパ球ゲートのT細胞は異なるレベルのCFSE強度を示し、その傾向は24時間後も残存していた(図6)。しかし、48時間後には、高強度ピークは観察されず、大リンパ球ゲートの細胞が分裂し、ピークが減少していることが示唆された。また、図6に示されるように、3,000μg/mlのCEの存在化で培養された細胞は、CEなしで培養した細胞と比較して、早期(48hrs)の増殖開始を示したが、TSST-1のみで刺激したT細胞と比較して、相当量のT細胞は3日目(72hrs)においても非増殖状態のままであった。TSST-1刺激細胞分画の中で、CD-3/CD28刺激細胞はCE添加に関係なく、CD3刺激細胞より増殖が少なかった。
これらの結果は、CEはT細胞刺激で細胞増殖しない細胞を温存し増殖細胞の増殖能を維持する一方で、活性化T細胞の増殖を亢進させることが示唆された。
上記結果より、活性化T細胞(エフェクターT細胞)はより速く増殖し、エフェクターT細胞はCEにより広範囲に産生されることが示唆された。そこで、活性化T細胞(エフェクターT細胞)の表面活性化マーカーを解析した。
上述したとおり、CE存在下でTSST-1で刺激されたT細胞は非増殖細胞と速やかに分裂する細胞(活性化T細胞)の両方を含んでいたことが示されたため、これら細胞のT細胞の表現型を解析した。その結果、CD45RAとCD62Lの両方を発現するT細胞分画の割合が大リンパ球ゲートでCE濃度依存的に増加することが見出された(図15及び図16)。CD45RAおよびCD62Lのダブルポジティブ細胞はナイーブT細胞を示す。このため、さらに、CCR7、CD127、CD95およびCXCR3といったナイーブT細胞やメモリーT細胞のマーカーの発現レベル(MFI)を解析した。その結果、3000μg/mlのCE培養液のダブルポジティブ細胞は、これらの全マーカー、とりわけCD95の発現を増加または維持していた(図17)。これは、CE存在下でTSST-1で刺激されたT細胞に幹細胞様メモリーT細胞(TSCM)が含まれていることを示唆している。なお、CD4ではほとんどのT細胞はCD45ROも発現しており(図18)、これら細胞は典型的なメモリーT細胞(TSCM)ではないが、CD8T細胞の多くはCD45RO陰性であり、典型的なTscmを含むことが示唆された。
以上の結果から、CEは、TSST-1で刺激された活性化T細胞の分化を調節する役割を果たすことが示された。具体的には、CEはエフェクターT細胞を活性化しつつ、TSCM細胞と同様の表現型をもつ初期メモリーT細胞への分化を促すことが示唆された。これは、CEが細胞増殖能を有する記憶細胞を維持しつつ、同時にエフェクターT細胞の働きを増強し得ることを示唆している。
Claims (9)
- コッコミクサ属に属する微細藻類の藻体、その乾燥粉末又はその抽出物を有効成分として含む、T細胞の分化調節剤。
- 活性化されたエフェクターT細胞の増殖を促進する作用、及びメモリーT細胞を温存する作用を有する、請求項1に記載のT細胞の分化調節剤。
- T細胞の過剰活性化を抑制する、請求項1又は2に記載のT細胞の分化調節剤。
- 前記微細藻類がコッコミクサsp.KJ株又はその変異株である、請求項1から3の何れか一項に記載のT細胞の分化調節剤。
- 医薬、医薬部外品、化粧品、又は雑貨品である、請求項1から4の何れか一項に記載のT細胞の分化調節剤。
- 食品、食品添加剤、又は餌である、請求項1から4の何れか一項に記載のT細胞の分化調節剤。
- 請求項1から6の何れか一項に記載のT細胞の分化調節剤を含む組成物。
- 医薬、医薬部外品、化粧品、又は雑貨品である、請求項7に記載の組成物。
- 食品、食品添加剤、又は餌である、請求項7に記載の組成物。
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