WO2023072027A1 - V法垂直造型工艺及其生产线 - Google Patents

V法垂直造型工艺及其生产线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023072027A1
WO2023072027A1 PCT/CN2022/127238 CN2022127238W WO2023072027A1 WO 2023072027 A1 WO2023072027 A1 WO 2023072027A1 CN 2022127238 W CN2022127238 W CN 2022127238W WO 2023072027 A1 WO2023072027 A1 WO 2023072027A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sand
film
molding
mold
molding chamber
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PCT/CN2022/127238
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨林龙
叶健松
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苏州明志科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023072027A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023072027A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
    • B22C9/03—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings formed by vacuum-sealed moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C25/00—Foundry moulding plants

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of sand casting, for example, to a V-method vertical molding process and a production line thereof.
  • the V method molding is widely used in the casting process because of the advantage of not using adhesives.
  • the main process is: the heated film is sucked to the entire surface of the mold under negative pressure and then placed in the sand box; and Fill the sand box with dry sand and cover the film again to seal the entire sand box, and vacuum through the wall of the sand box to form the required cavity; then perform filming and pouring in a negative pressure environment to form a casting , and finally remove the negative pressure to remove the casting from the sand box.
  • V-method molding includes: 1) V-method horizontal molding, although vibration shakeout equipment is not required, but the required production line occupies a large area, has a high degree of manual participation, and the number of times of film coating is cumbersome, resulting in low production efficiency; 2) V-method vertical molding, although it reduces the required production line area and improves production efficiency, but because the molding chamber is filled at high speed by sand shooting, it is easy to produce strong erosion on the film adsorbed on the mold, thereby damaging the film As a result, sufficient negative pressure cannot be maintained in the subsequent process, which in turn affects the quality of castings obtained by pouring.
  • This application proposes a V-method vertical molding process and its production line.
  • the V-method vertical molding process uses the quicksand method instead of the sand-shooting method to minimize damage to the surface of the film while ensuring that the molding sand in the sand box is compact and improves the quality of the castings. quality and shorten the production cycle.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a V-method vertical molding process, including: simultaneously sucking and pasting films on the surfaces of the left mold and the right mold; placing a sand box between the left mold and the right mold, respectively move the coated left mold and the right mold until the left mold and the right mold respectively abut against the flask and form a closed molding chamber;
  • the sand filling port opened on the box flows into and fills the molding chamber, and performs positive and negative pressure pulses on the inside of the molding chamber to compact the molding sand in the molding chamber; when the molding sand in the molding chamber is compacted, it is sealed the sand filling port, and keep the molding chamber in a negative pressure environment; and separate the left mold and the right mold from the sand box to form a mold cavity, and pour the mold cavity to obtain casting.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a V-method production line, using the above-mentioned V-method vertical molding process, processing stations are set on the V-method production line, and the V-method production line includes: a film coating device, the The film coating device is set to be away from or close to the processing station along the Z-axis direction, and the left mold and the right mold are respectively coated; the sand adding device is set to be far away from the sand adding device along the Y axis direction.
  • two mold opening and closing devices are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the processing station, are detachably connected to the left mold and the right mold respectively, and are arranged away from or close to the processing station along the X-axis direction.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a V-method production line provided by an embodiment of the present application under a first viewing angle;
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a V-method production line provided by an embodiment of the present application under a second viewing angle;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a coating device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the covering device provided by an embodiment of the present application after one of the supporting frames is hidden;
  • Fig. 5 is a flow chart of the V-method vertical molding process provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Cutting film assembly 1251. Connecting frame; 1252. Heating wire;
  • Processing station 100. Processing station;
  • plural means two or more.
  • first and second are only used to distinguish in description, and have no special meaning.
  • first position and second position are two different positions.
  • the terms “mounted”, “connected”, “connected” and “fixed” should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection; it may be a mechanical connection, or It can be an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be an internal communication between two elements or an interaction relationship between two elements.
  • the terms “mounted”, “connected”, “connected” and “fixed” should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection; it may be a mechanical connection, or It can be an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be an internal communication between two elements or an interaction relationship between two elements.
  • a first feature being "on” or “under” a second feature may include that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, and may also include that the first feature and the second feature are not in direct contact. Rather, through additional characteristic contacts between them.
  • “above”, “above” and “above” the first feature on the second feature include that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is horizontally higher than the second feature.
  • "Below”, “beneath” and “under” the first feature to the second feature include that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a lower level than the second feature.
  • this embodiment provides a V-method vertical molding process, as shown in Figure 5, including the following steps:
  • the film is sucked and attached to the surfaces of the left mold 201 and the right mold 202 respectively.
  • the sand box 300 is placed between the left mold 201 and the right mold 202, and the film-coated left mold 201 and right mold 202 are respectively moved until the left mold 201 and the right mold 202 abut against the sand box 300 respectively and form a seal modeling room.
  • the molding sand flows into and fills the molding chamber from the sand filling port 301 provided on the flask 300 under the action of gravity, and positive and negative pressure pulses are carried out to the inside of the molding chamber to compact the molding sand in the molding chamber.
  • the left mold 201 and the right mold 202 can be coated at the same time, which can greatly reduce the production cycle and shorten the production time compared with the process flow of film coating, mold turning and film coating in the V method molding in the related art. cycle.
  • performing positive and negative pressure pulses on the interior of the molding chamber in S3 to compact the molding sand in the molding chamber includes:
  • the sand adding device is used to transport molding sand to the molding chamber under positive pressure through the sand adding port 301 .
  • the medium molding sand forms a gas-solid mixed state in the quicksand cylinder under the action of high-pressure air.
  • the sand port 301 flows into the molding chamber to increase the speed of molding sand entering the molding chamber; in S32, when the molding chamber is evacuated through the sand box 300, when the vacuum degree reaches the preset ratio, under the action of the pressure difference between the external air and the vacuum, The molding sand will be sucked into the molding chamber, and the speed at which the molding sand enters the molding chamber can also be increased.
  • the air between the molding sand in the molding chamber can also be continuously discharged, thereby ensuring the compactness of the molding sand in the molding chamber.
  • S31 and S32 can be performed simultaneously or alternately, and can be adjusted according to specific conditions, as long as it can ensure that the molding sand in the molding chamber can fill the entire molding chamber and be compacted.
  • This embodiment does not make specific limitations.
  • the left mold 201 and the right mold 202 are always in a negative pressure environment in S1-S4.
  • S1 includes:
  • the sand box 300 with the left mold 201 and the right mold 202 is moved to the processing station 100 together, and the two mold opening and closing devices 3 are moved along the X-axis direction until they are respectively close to the left mold 201 and the right mold 202 Connect and move the sand box 300 away from the processing station 100;
  • the laminating device 1 is moved into the processing station 100 along the Z-axis direction and positioned between the left mold 201 and the right mold 202;
  • the film roller 122 and the film roller 123 are relatively rotated along the Y axis until the opening of the film rolled on the film roller 122 is adsorbed from the film roller 122 to the film roller 123 in a negative pressure environment;
  • S1 also includes:
  • the spraying robot is used to spray the surface of the film on the left mold 201 and the film on the right mold 202 in sequence, so as to separate from the casting obtained by later casting.
  • sealing the sand filling port 301 may be achieved by covering the sand filling port 301 with a film.
  • the flask 300 in order to prevent the molding sand in the molding chamber from spreading in S5, the flask 300 is always in a negative pressure environment to ensure the compactness of the molding sand.
  • the present embodiment also provides a V-method production line
  • the V-method production line is provided with a processing station 100
  • the V-method production line includes a coating device 1, Sand adding device and two mold opening and closing devices 3:
  • the coating device 1 can move away from or approach the processing station 100 along the Z-axis direction, and coat the left mold 201 and the right mold 202 respectively;
  • the sand adding device can move along the Y-axis direction It is far away from or close to the processing station 100, and can be sealed with the sand filling port 301 to cooperate with the sand box 300 to carry out positive and negative pressure pulses on the molding chamber;
  • two mold opening and closing devices 3 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the processing station 100 and respectively It is detachably connected with the left mold 201 and the right mold 202, and can move away from or approach the processing station 100 along the X-axis direction respectively.
  • the mold 200 includes a left mold 201 and a right mold 202
  • the sand box 300 When it is necessary to form a mold cavity on the sand box 300, first move the mold 200 (the mold 200 includes a left mold 201 and a right mold 202) and the sand box 300 to the processing station 100, and move two openings and closings along the X-axis direction Mold device 3 is close until being connected with left mold 201 and right mold 202 respectively, then moves sand box 300 away from processing station 100, and at this moment, left mold 201 and right mold 202 are respectively positioned in processing station 100;
  • the device 1 moves along the Z-axis to the processing station 100 and is located between the left mold 201 and the right mold 202 so as to be able to perform lamination at the same time; after the lamination is completed, move the lamination device 1 in the opposite direction of the Z-axis to keep away from the processing station.
  • the sand box 300 is moved to the processing station 100.
  • the sand box 300 is located between the left mold 201 and the right mold 202, and the left mold 201 and the right mold 202 are respectively moved by two mold opening and closing devices 3 until they are respectively Abut against the flask 300 to form a closed molding chamber; move the sand filling position along the Y-axis to contact the flask 300, and fill the molding sand into the molding chamber through the sand filling port 301 of the flask 300; when the molding sand fills the molding chamber And when it is in a tight state, make the sand adding device away from the processing station 100 along the Y-axis direction and seal the sand filling port 301 of the sand box 300; the last two mold opening and closing devices 3 drive the left mold along the X-axis direction respectively 201 and the right mold 202 are separated from the flask 300 and away from the processing position, and then the mold cavity 300 is moved to the pouring
  • the coating device 1 in order to realize the coating of the mold 200, as shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the coating device 1 includes a heating and blowing mechanism and two coatings arranged symmetrically on both sides of the heating and blowing mechanism along the YZ plane.
  • lamination mechanism 12 comprises support frame 121, film roller 122, pull film roller 124 and rolling film roller 123, and support frame 121 is connected with heating and blowing mechanism;
  • Film roller 122 is rotatably arranged on one end of support frame 121 , and the film roll is set on the film cylinder 122;
  • the film pulling cylinder 124 is movably arranged on the support frame 121, the axis of the film pulling cylinder 124 is parallel to the axis of the film cylinder 122 along the Z axis direction, and the film pulling cylinder 124 can be moved along Move in the Z-axis direction;
  • the film rolling cylinder 123 is rotatably arranged on the support frame 121 and is located between the film cylinder 122 and the film pulling cylinder 124, the outer peripheral surface of the film rolling cylinder 123 abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the film cylinder 122, and the rolling
  • the axis of the film roll 123 is parallel to the axis of the film roll 122 along
  • the film roller 122 and the rolling roller 123 are relatively rotated along the Y axis until the opening of the film is adsorbed from the film roller 122 to the rolling roller 123 in a negative pressure environment;
  • the position can optionally move the film pulling roller 124 along the Z-axis direction so that the film pulling roller 124 abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the film rolling roller 123, so that the opening of the film is absorbed from the film rolling roller 123 to the pulling film under the negative pressure environment.
  • the film rolling roller 123 stops the negative pressure; the film pulling roller 124 moves away from the film rolling roller 123 along the Z-axis direction to drive the film to unfold; the heating and blowing mechanism blows the film to the left mold 201 or the right while heating the film mold 202, and make the left mold 201 and the right mold 202 be in the environment of negative pressure and stick closely with the film. That is, the film laminating device 1 can integrate the functions of film discharge, mold rolling, film drawing and film heating, which greatly reduces the required device and production space for the V-process production line, and saves manpower and material resources.
  • the opening position of the film is controlled by means of negative pressure. In other embodiments, it may also be implemented in other manners, which are not specifically limited in this embodiment.
  • the film rolled on the film roller 122 can be quickly flattened by the roll film roller 123 , reducing the preparation time required before the mold 200 is covered with a film.
  • the contact between the outer peripheral surface of the rolling roller 123 and the outer peripheral surface of the film roller 122 can not only flatten the stretched film, but also ensure that the film coating mechanism 12 has a compact structure as much as possible while preventing the film from being placed on the surface. Adsorbed onto the mold 200 so as to interfere with the rolling roller 123 .
  • the film covering mechanism 12 further includes a film cutting assembly 125, and the film cutting assembly 125 includes a connecting frame 1251 and a heating wire 1252, the connecting frame 1251 is arranged on the support frame 121; the heating wire 1252 is arranged on the connecting frame 1251, And can move along the X-axis direction. That is, when the film has been adsorbed to the mold 200, move the heated heating wire 1252 along the X-axis direction close to the film, and then cut the film part passing through the rolling roller 123, and then move the heating wire 1252 in the opposite direction of the X-axis away from the film rolling
  • the drum 123 eliminates the need for manual cutting, which greatly facilitates the film covering process.
  • the heating and blowing mechanism in order to realize the heating of the film, includes two heating plates 111 arranged at intervals along the Y-axis direction. Between 111 and connected with the film pulling roller 124, it is set to drive the film pulling roller 124 to move along the Z-axis direction.
  • the driving member 13 is arranged between the two heating plates 111 , so that the structure of the entire coating device 1 can be made as compact as possible.
  • the driving member 13 is an air cylinder.
  • the heating and blowing mechanism further includes a fan (not shown) connected to the heating plate 111, the heating plate 111 is provided with a plurality of air outlets 1111, and the air outlets 1111 penetrate the heating plate 111 along the X-axis direction, namely The wind blown by the fan is blown out from the air outlet 1111 to drive the film close to the mold 200 .
  • This embodiment does not limit the specific number and distribution of the air outlets 1111 , as long as the film can be evenly pasted on the mold 200 .
  • the laminating mechanism 12 also includes a connecting rod 126 fixed on the support frame 121, the connecting rod 126 is respectively connected with the drive member 13 and the film pulling roller 124, and the axis of the connecting rod 126 is parallel to the axis of the film roller 122 and the Y-axis direction , and the connecting rod 126 is located on the side of the film pulling cylinder 124 away from the film rolling cylinder 123 . That is, the driving member 13 drives the connecting rod 126 to move and then drives the film pulling roller 124 to move, thereby avoiding the interference between the driving member 13 and the film pulling roller 124 when directly connected to the film and affecting the coating effect.
  • guide grooves 1211 are provided on both sides of the supporting frame 121, and the guide grooves 1211 extend along the Z-axis direction, and the two ends of the connecting rod 126 and the two ends of the film pulling roller 124 are slidably arranged in the two guide grooves respectively. 1211 to ensure the smoothness of movement.
  • the mold opening and closing device 3 in order to control the disassembly and assembly between the mold opening and closing device 3 and the mold 200 , the mold opening and closing device 3 includes a locking mechanism to realize the grasping and placing of the mold 200 . In other embodiments, other combinations may also be used to control the mold 200, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.
  • the locking mechanism is a hydraulic claw.
  • the sand adding device includes a connected sand flow cylinder (not shown) and a sand cover 21, the side of the sand cover 21 away from the flow sand cylinder is a sand outlet surface, and the sand outlet surface can be connected with the sand addition of the sand box 300.
  • the surface is sealed and abutted, and the sand outlet surface is provided with a sand outlet 22 corresponding to the sand inlet 301 on the sand addition surface, that is, the molding sand flows from the quicksand cylinder into the sand cover 21 and passes through the sand outlet 22 from the sand outlet. 301 flows into the modeling room.
  • the sand outlet 22 extends along the Y-axis direction, which not only ensures that the molding sand can fall into the molding chamber under the action of gravity, but also facilitates the control of the speed at which the molding sand enters the molding chamber from the sand filling port 301 .
  • a baffle plate is provided at the center of the sand outlet 22 to control the opening and closing of the sand outlet 22, thereby preventing the molding sand from flowing out of the sand outlet 22 when no sand is added.
  • the V method production line also includes a spray robot (not shown).
  • the spray robot works and drives The spraying fixture is close to the processing station 100, and the spraying fixture is located between the left mold 201 and the right mold 202, and then the film on the left mold 201 and the film on the right mold 202 are sprayed in turn. After the spraying is completed, the spraying robot is far away from the processing worker. Station 100, the mobile sand box 300 is close to the processing station 100 and is located between the left mold 201 and the right mold 202.
  • the V method production line also includes a conveying device 4, the conveying device 4 includes a guide rail 41 extending along the Z-axis direction and at least two walking mechanisms 42 slidably arranged on the guide rail 41, and the coating device 1 and the sand box 300 are respectively provided On the traveling mechanism 42 , that is, the traveling mechanism 42 controls the movement of the coating device 1 or the sand box 300 in the Z-axis direction.
  • the film coating device 1 and the sand box 300 can run on a guide rail 41 so as to make the V method production line compact in structure. It can approach or move away from the processing station 100 along the Z-axis direction, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.
  • the traveling mechanism 42 is a carrier trolley with rollers.
  • the V-method production line further includes a handling robot, which is used to transport the mold cavity 300 to the pouring station in a negative pressure environment, thereby further improving the automation of the V-method production line.
  • a handling robot which is used to transport the mold cavity 300 to the pouring station in a negative pressure environment, thereby further improving the automation of the V-method production line.
  • the end of the guide rail 41 away from the coating device 1 can also be directly extended to the pouring station, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Casting Devices For Molds (AREA)

Abstract

一种V法垂直造型工艺及其生产线，V法垂直造型工艺包括：分别同时对左模（201）和右模（202）表面吸贴薄膜；将砂箱（300）放置在左模（201）和右模（202）之间，分别移动覆膜后的左模（201）和右模（202）直至两者分别和砂箱（300）抵接并形成封闭的造型室；将型砂在重力作用下从砂箱（300）上开设的加砂口（301）内流入且填满造型室，并对造型室的内部进行正负压脉冲以紧实造型室内的型砂；当造型室内的型砂紧实后密封加砂口（301），且造型室内持续处于负压环境内；使左模（201）和右模（202）分别脱离砂箱（300）以形成型腔，对型腔进行浇注以得到铸件。

Description

V法垂直造型工艺及其生产线
本申请要求申请日为2021年10月29日、申请号为202111269945.X的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及砂型铸造技术领域，例如涉及一种V法垂直造型工艺及其生产线。
背景技术
V法造型因无需使用粘合剂的优点而在铸造工艺中得到广泛使用，工艺流程主要为：将加热好的薄膜在负压作用下吸贴到模具的整个表面后放置在砂箱内；并向砂箱内填满干砂后再次覆盖薄膜以使整个砂箱密封，并通过砂箱箱壁抽真空以形成所需的型腔；进而进行在负压的环境下起膜和浇注以形成铸件，最后解除负压便可从砂箱中取出铸件。
其中，V法造型包括：1)V法水平造型，虽然无需采用振动落砂设备，但所需的生产线占地面积大，人工参与度高，且覆膜次数多而繁琐，导致生产效率低下；2)V法垂直造型，虽然减少了所需的生产线占地面积并提高了生产效率，但因为采用射砂方式以高速充填造型室，容易对吸附在模具上的薄膜产生强力冲刷，进而损伤薄膜表面，导致后续过程中无法维持足够的负压，进而影响浇注得到的铸件质量。
发明内容
本申请提出了一种V法垂直造型工艺及其生产线，该V法垂直造型工艺用流砂方式代替射砂方式，在尽可能减少损伤薄膜表面的同时保证砂箱内的型砂紧实，提高了铸件质量、缩短生产周期。
一方面，本申请一实施例提供了一种V法垂直造型工艺，包括：分别同时对左模和右模表面吸贴薄膜；将砂箱放置在所述左模和所述右模之间，分别移动覆膜后的所述左模和所述右模直至所述左模和所述右模分别与所述砂箱抵接并形成封闭的造型室；将型砂在重力作用下从所述砂箱上开设的加砂口内流入且填满所述造型室，并对所述造型室的内部进行正负压脉冲以紧实所述造型室内的型砂；当所述造型室内的型砂紧实后密封所述加砂口，且使所述造型室内持 续处于负压环境内；及使所述左模和所述右模分别脱离所述砂箱以形成型腔，对所述型腔进行浇注以得到铸件。
另一方面，本申请一实施例提供了一种V法生产线，采用上述的V法垂直造型工艺，所述V法生产线上设置有加工工位，所述V法生产线包括：覆膜装置，所述覆膜装置设置为沿Z轴方向远离或靠近所述加工工位，并对所述左模和所述右模分别覆膜；加砂装置，所述加砂装置设置为沿Y轴方向远离或靠近所述加工工位，并与所述加砂口密封连接以配合所述砂箱对所述造型室进行正负压脉冲；及两个开合模装置，所述两个开合模装置对称设置在所述加工工位的两侧并分别与左模和右模可拆卸地连接，且设置为沿X轴方向远离或靠近所述加工工位。
附图说明
图1是本申请一实施方式提供的V法生产线在第一视角下的结构示意图；
图2是本申请一实施方式提供的V法生产线在第二视角下的结构示意图；
图3是本申请一实施方式提供的覆膜装置的结构示意图；
图4是本申请一实施方式提供的覆膜装置在隐去其中一个支撑框架后的结构示意图；
图5是本申请一实施方式提供的V法垂直造型工艺的流程图。
其中：
1、覆膜装置；
111、加热板；1111、出风口；
12、覆膜机构；
121、支撑框架；1211、导向槽；
122、薄膜滚筒；123、碾膜滚筒；124、拉膜滚筒；
125、切膜组件；1251、连接架；1252、电热丝；
126、连接杆；
13、驱动件；
21、砂罩；22、出砂口；
3、开合模装置；
4、传送装置；41、导轨；42、行走机构；
100、加工工位；
200、模具；201、左模；202、右模；
300、砂箱；301、加砂口。
具体实施方式
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅仅用于在描述上加以区分，并没有特殊的含义。其中，术语“第一位置”和“第二位置”为两个不同的位置。
除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一特征和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一特征和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
下面结合附图并通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本申请的技术方案。
如图1至图4所示，本实施例提供了一种V法垂直造型工艺，如图5所示，包括以下步骤：
S1中，分别同时对左模201和右模202表面吸贴薄膜。
S2中，将砂箱300放置在左模201和右模202之间，分别移动覆膜后的左模201和右模202直至左模201和右模202分别和砂箱300抵接并形成封闭的造型室。
S3中，型砂在重力作用下从砂箱300上开设的加砂口301内流入且填满造型 室，并对造型室的内部进行正负压脉冲以紧实造型室内的型砂。
S4中，当造型室内的型砂紧实后密封加砂口301，且造型室内持续处于负压环境内。
S5中，使左模201和右膜分别脱离砂箱300以形成型腔，对型腔进行浇注以得到铸件。
此外，S1中能同时对左模201和右模202覆膜，相较于相关技术中的V法造型中覆膜、翻模及覆膜的工艺流程而言能极大地减少生产节拍，缩短生产周期。
在一实施例中，在S3中的对造型室的内部进行正负压脉冲以紧实造型室内的型砂包括：
S31中，使加砂装置通过加砂口301向造型室内正压输送型砂。
S32中，使砂箱300通过自带的抽气室对造型室内抽真空以形成负压吸附型砂。
在一实施例中，在S31中，中型砂在高压空气的作用下在流砂筒内形成气-固混合状态，当流砂筒中的气流和型砂混合达到预设比例时，会加速挤压型砂从加砂口301流入造型室内，提高型砂进入造型室的速度；在S32中，通过砂箱300对造型室内抽真空时，当真空度达到预设比例时，在外部空气与真空的压差作用下，型砂会被吸入造型室内，也能提高型砂进入造型室的速度。此外，通过不断的抽真空也能不断排出造型室内型砂与型砂之间的空气，进而保证造型室内的型砂紧实。
其中，S31和S32能同时进行或交错进行，可根据具体情况进行调整，只要能保证造型室内的型砂能填满整个造型室并紧实即可，本实施例不做具体限制。
其中，为了保证薄膜能始终与左模201或右模202贴合紧密，S1-S4中左模201和右模202始终处于负压环境中。
本实施例中，S1包括：
S11中，将放置有左模201和右模202的砂箱300一起移动至加工工位100，分别沿X轴方向移动两个开合模装置3相靠近直至分别与左模201和右模202连接，并移动砂箱300远离加工工位100；
S12中，将覆膜装置1沿Z轴方向移动至加工工位100内并位于左模201和右模202之间；
S13中，使薄膜滚筒122和碾膜滚筒123沿Y轴相对转动直至卷设在薄膜滚筒122上的薄膜的开口从薄膜滚筒122上被吸附到处于负压环境下的碾膜滚筒123 上；
S14中，移动拉膜滚筒124，并使拉膜滚筒124与碾膜滚筒123的外周面抵接直至薄膜的开口从碾膜滚筒123上被吸附到处于负压环境下的拉膜滚筒124上，碾膜滚筒123停止负压；
S15中，使拉膜滚筒124在负压环境下沿Z轴方向移动远离碾膜滚筒123，以带动薄膜展开；
S16中，使加热送风机构一边加热薄膜一边将薄膜吹向左模201或右模202，并使左模201和右模202处于负压的环境下能与薄膜贴合紧密；
S17中，利用切膜组件125切割薄膜远离开口的一端。
本实施例中，S17后，S1还包括：
S18中，移动覆膜装置1远离加工工位100；
S19中，使喷涂机器人工作并带动喷涂夹具靠近加工工位100，且喷涂夹具位于左模201和右模202之间；
S20中，使喷涂机器人依次对左模201上的薄膜和右模202上的薄膜表面进行喷涂，以便从后期浇注得到的铸件中脱离出来。
其中，在一实施例中，S4中，密封加砂口301可以通过在加砂口301上覆盖薄膜。
在一实施例中，S5中为了避免造型室内的型砂散开，砂箱300始终处于负压环境以保证型砂紧实。
为了实现上述V法垂直造型工艺，如图1结合图2所示，本实施例还提供了一种V法生产线，V法生产线上设置有加工工位100，V法生产线包括覆膜装置1、加砂装置和两个开合模装置3：覆膜装置1能沿Z轴方向远离或靠近加工工位100，并对左模201和右模202分别覆膜；加砂装置能沿Y轴方向远离或靠近加工工位100，并能与加砂口301密封连接以配合砂箱300对造型室进行正负压脉冲；两个开合模装置3对称设置在加工工位100的两侧并分别与左模201和右模202可拆卸地连接，且分别能沿X轴方向远离或靠近加工工位100。
当需要在砂箱300上形成型腔时，先将模具200(模具200包括左模201和右模202)和砂箱300一起移动至加工工位100，分别沿X轴方向移动两个开合模装置3相靠近直至分别与左模201和右模202连接，再移动砂箱300远离加工工位100，此时，左模201和右模202分别位于加工工位100内；随后使覆膜装置1沿Z轴方向移动至加工工位100内并位于左模201和右模202之间以能同时进行覆膜；覆膜完 成后，沿Z轴反方向移动覆膜装置1以远离加工工位100；随后移动砂箱300到达加工工位100，此时，砂箱300位于左模201和右模202之间，通过两个开合模装置3分别移动左模201和右模202直至分别和砂箱300抵接并形成封闭的造型室；沿Y轴方向移动加砂位置与砂箱300接触，并通过砂箱300的加砂口301向造型室内填入型砂；当型砂填满造型室并处于紧实的状态时，使加砂装置沿Y轴反方向远离加工工位100并密封住砂箱300的加砂口301；最后两个开合模装置3分别沿X轴方向带动左模201和右模202分别与砂箱300脱离并远离加工位置，再将已形成型腔的砂箱300移动至V法生产线的浇注工位进行浇注即可得到铸件。该V法生产线通过采用上述的V法垂直造型工艺能提高铸件质量，且覆膜装置1、开合模装置3和加砂装置可采用自动化，能节省人力物力，缩短生产周期。
在一实施例中，为了实现对模具200的覆膜，结合图3和图4所示，覆膜装置1包括加热送风机构和两个沿YZ平面对称设置在加热送风机构两侧的覆膜机构12，覆膜机构12包括支撑框架121、薄膜滚筒122、拉膜滚筒124和碾膜滚筒123，支撑框架121与加热送风机构连接；薄膜滚筒122可转动地设置在支撑框架121的一端，且薄膜卷设在薄膜滚筒122上；拉膜滚筒124可活动地设置在支撑框架121上，拉膜滚筒124的轴线与薄膜滚筒122的轴线沿Z轴方向平行，且拉膜滚筒124能沿Z轴方向移动；碾膜滚筒123可转动地设置在支撑框架121上并位于薄膜滚筒122和拉膜滚筒124之间，碾膜滚筒123的外周面与薄膜滚筒122的外周面抵接，且碾膜滚筒123的轴线与薄膜滚筒122的轴线沿Z轴方向平行。
在一实施例中，薄膜滚筒122和碾膜滚筒123沿Y轴相对转动直至薄膜的开口从薄膜滚筒122上被吸附到处于负压环境下的碾膜滚筒123上；再根据碾膜滚筒123当前位置可选择地沿Z轴方向移动拉膜滚筒124使拉膜滚筒124与碾膜滚筒123的外周面抵接，进而使薄膜的开口从碾膜滚筒123上被吸附到处于负压环境下的拉膜滚筒124上，碾膜滚筒123停止负压；拉膜滚筒124沿Z轴方向移动远离碾膜滚筒123，以带动薄膜展开；加热送风机构一边加热薄膜一边将薄膜吹向左模201或右模202，并使左模201和右模202处于负压的环境下与薄膜贴合紧密。即通过覆膜装置1能将出膜、碾模、拉膜和加热薄膜的功能集成一体，极大的减少了所需V法生产线所需的装置和生产空间，节约了人力物力。其中，本实施例中是通过负压的方法控制薄膜的开口位置。在其它实施例中，也可采用其他方式实现，本实施例不做具体限制。
其中，通过碾膜滚筒123能使原本卷设在薄膜滚筒122上的薄膜快速展平， 减少对模具200覆膜前所需的准备时间。
此外，碾膜滚筒123的外周面与薄膜滚筒122的外周面抵接，不仅能起到对拉展的薄膜展平的效果，还能在尽可能保证覆膜机构12结构紧凑的同时避免薄膜在被吸附到模具200上使与碾膜滚筒123发生干涉。
在一实施例中，覆膜机构12还包括切膜组件125，切膜组件125包括连接架1251和电热丝1252，连接架1251设置在支撑框架121上；电热丝1252设置在连接架1251上，且能沿X轴方向移动。即当薄膜已经吸附到模具200上时，沿X轴方向移动加热后的电热丝1252靠近薄膜，进而将经过碾膜滚筒123的薄膜部分割断，再沿X轴反方向移动电热丝1252远离碾膜滚筒123，从而无需人工切割，极大方便了覆膜过程。
在一实施例中，为了实现对薄膜的加热，加热送风机构包括两个沿Y轴方向间隔设置的加热板111，覆膜装置1还包括驱动件13，驱动件13设置在两个加热板111之间且与拉膜滚筒124连接，设置为驱动拉膜滚筒124沿Z轴方向移动。
此外，通过驱动件13设置在两个加热板111之间，能尽可能地使整个覆膜装置1的结构紧凑。
在一实施例中，驱动件13为气缸。
在一实施例中，加热送风机构还包括与加热板111连接的风机(未示出)，加热板111上开设有多个出风口1111，出风口1111沿X轴方向贯穿加热板111，即风机鼓吹出的风从出风口1111中吹出进而带动薄膜靠近模具200。本实施例不限制出风口1111的具体数量和分布情况，只要能实现薄膜均匀地贴覆在模具200上即可。
其中，覆膜机构12还包括固定在支撑框架121上的连接杆126，连接杆126分别与驱动件13和拉膜滚筒124连接，连接杆126的轴线与薄膜滚筒122的轴线与Y轴方向平行，且连接杆126位于拉膜滚筒124远离碾膜滚筒123的一侧。即驱动件13驱动连接杆126移动进而带动拉膜滚筒124移动，从而避免驱动件13与拉膜滚筒124直接连接时与薄膜之间产生干涉，影响覆膜效果。
本实施例中，支撑框架121两侧分别开设有导向槽1211，导向槽1211沿Z轴方向延伸，连接杆126的两端和拉膜滚筒124的两端分别可滑动地设置在两个导向槽1211内，以保证移动的平稳性。
本实施例中，为了便于控制开合模装置3与模具200之间的拆装，开合模装置3包括锁紧机构，以实现对模具200的抓放。在其它实施例中，也可采用其它 结合实现对模具200的控制，本实施例不做具体限制。
在一实施例中，锁紧机构为液压卡爪。
在一实施例中，加砂装置包括相连接的流砂筒(未示出)和砂罩21，砂罩21远离流砂筒的一面为出砂面，且出砂面能与砂箱300的加砂面密封抵接，出砂面上开设有与加砂面上的加砂口301相对应的出砂口22，即型砂从流砂筒中流至砂罩21内并经出砂口22从加砂口301中流进造型室内。
其中，出砂口22沿Y轴方向延伸，既能保证型砂能在重力的作用下掉落进造型室内，又能便于控制型砂从加砂口301进入造型室的速度。
本实施例中，出砂口22的中间转动设置有挡板，用以控制出砂口22的开闭，进而避免无需加砂时型砂从出砂口22中流出。
由于薄膜吸附在模具200后还需对薄膜表面喷涂涂料，V法生产线还包括喷涂机器人(未示出)，当覆膜完成后且覆膜装置1远离加工工位100时，喷涂机器人工作并带动喷涂夹具靠近加工工位100，且喷涂夹具位于左模201和右模202之间，进而依次对左模201上的薄膜和右模202上的薄膜进行喷涂，喷涂完成后，喷涂机器人远离加工工位100，移动砂箱300靠近加工工位100并位于左模201和右模202之间。
其中，V法生产线还包括传送装置4，传送装置4包括沿Z轴方向延伸的导轨41和至少两个可滑动地设置在导轨41上的行走机构42，覆膜装置1和砂箱300分别设置在行走机构42上，即通过行走机构42控制覆膜装置1或砂箱300在Z轴方向的移动。本实施例中通过覆膜装置1和砂箱300能在一个导轨41上运行以尽可能使V法生产线结构紧凑，在其它实施例中，也可使传送装置4采用其他结构使覆膜装置1能沿Z轴方向靠近或远离加工工位100，本实施例不做具体限制。
在一实施例中，行走机构42为带有滚轮的载体小车。
在一实施例中，V法生产线还包括搬运机器人，用以将已经形成型腔的砂箱300在负压的环境下运送至浇注工位，从而进一步提高V法生产线的自动化。在其它实施例中，也可使导轨41远离覆膜装置1的一端直接延伸至浇注工位，本实施例不做具体限制。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“有些实施例”、“其他实施例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可 以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种V法垂直造型工艺，包括：
    分别同时对左模(201)和右模(202)表面吸贴薄膜；
    将砂箱(300)放置在左模(201)和右模(202)之间，分别移动覆膜后的所述左模(201)和所述右模(202)直至分别与所述砂箱(300)抵接并形成封闭的造型室；
    将型砂在重力作用下从所述砂箱(300)上开设的加砂口(301)内流入且填满所述造型室，并对所述造型室的内部进行正负压脉冲以紧实所述造型室内的型砂；
    当所述造型室内的型砂紧实后密封所述加砂口(301)，且使所述造型室内持续处于负压环境内；及
    使所述左模(201)和所述右模(202)分别脱离所述砂箱(300)以形成型腔，对所述型腔进行浇注以得到铸件。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的V法垂直造型工艺，其中，所述对所述造型室的内部进行正负压脉冲以紧实所述造型室内的型砂包括：使加砂装置通过所述加砂口(301)向所述造型室内正压输送型砂，并使所述砂箱(300)通过自带的抽气室对所述造型室内抽真空以形成负压吸附型砂。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的V法垂直造型工艺，其中，所述使加砂装置通过所述加砂口(301)向所述造型室内正压输送型砂，与所述砂箱(300)通过自带的抽气室对造型室内抽真空以形成负压吸附型砂同时进行或交错进行。
  4. 一种V法生产线，采用如权利要求1-3任一项所述的V法垂直造型工艺，所述V法生产线上设置有加工工位(100)，所述V法生产线包括：
    覆膜装置(1)，所述覆膜装置(1)设置为沿Z轴方向远离或靠近所述加工工位(100)，并对所述左模(201)和所述右模(202)分别覆膜；
    加砂装置，所述加砂装置设置为沿Y轴方向远离或靠近所述加工工位(100)，并与所述加砂口(301)密封连接以配合所述砂箱(300)对所述造型室进行正负压脉冲；
    两个开合模装置(3)，所述两个开合模装置(3)对称设置在所述加工工位(100)的两侧并分别与左模(201)和右模(202)可拆卸地连接，且设置为沿X轴方向远离或靠近所述加工工位(100)。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的V法生产线，其中，所述覆膜装置(1)包括：
    加热送风机构；
    两个覆膜机构(12)，所述两个覆膜机构(12)沿YZ平面对称设置在所述加热送风机构两侧，所述覆膜机构(12)包括：
    支撑框架(121)，所述支撑框架(121)与所述加热送风机构连接；
    薄膜滚筒(122)，所述薄膜滚筒(122)可转动地设置在所述支撑框架(121)的一端，且薄膜卷设在所述薄膜滚筒(122)上；
    拉膜滚筒(124)，所述拉膜滚筒(124)可活动地设置在所述支撑框架(121)上，所述拉膜滚筒(124)的轴线与所述薄膜滚筒(122)的轴线沿所述Y轴方向平行，且所述拉膜滚筒(124)设置为沿所述Z轴方向移动；及
    碾膜滚筒(123)，所述碾膜滚筒(123)可转动地设置在所述支撑框架(121)上并位于所述薄膜滚筒(122)和所述拉膜滚筒(124)之间，所述碾膜滚筒(123)的外周面与所述薄膜滚筒(122)的外周面抵接，且所述碾膜滚筒(123)的轴线与所述薄膜滚筒(122)的轴线沿所述Y轴方向平行。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的V法生产线，其中，所述覆膜机构(12)还包括切膜组件(125)，所述切膜组件(125)包括连接架(1251)和电热丝(1252)，所述连接架(1251)设置在所述支撑框架(121)上；所述电热丝(1252)设置在所述连接架(1251)上，且设置为沿所述X轴方向移动。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的V法生产线，其中，所述加热送风机构包括两个沿所述Y轴方向间隔设置的加热板(111)，所述覆膜装置(1)还包括驱动件(13)，所述驱动件(13)设置在两个所述加热板(111)之间且与所述拉膜滚筒(124)连接，并设置为驱动所述拉膜滚筒(124)沿所述Z轴方向移动。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的V法生产线，其中，所述加热送风机构还包括与所述加热板(111)连接的风机，所述加热板(111)上开设有多个出风口(1111)，所述出风口(1111)沿所述X轴方向贯穿所述加热板(111)。
  9. 如权利要求4所述的V法生产线，其中，所述加砂装置包括相连接的流砂筒和砂罩(21)，所述砂罩(21)远离所述流砂筒的一面为出砂面，且所述出砂面与所述砂箱(300)的加砂面密封抵接，所述出砂面上开设有与所述加砂面上的所述加砂口(301)相对应的出砂口(22)。
  10. 如权利要求4所述的V法生产线，还包括传送装置(4)，所述传送装置(4)包括沿所述Z轴方向延伸的导轨(41)和至少两个可滑动地设置在所述导轨(41)上的行走机构(42)，所述覆膜装置(1)和砂箱(300)分别设置在所述行走机构(42)上。
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