WO2023060457A1 - 一种盘类平面构件柔性点阵粘接装置及适应性装夹方法 - Google Patents

一种盘类平面构件柔性点阵粘接装置及适应性装夹方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023060457A1
WO2023060457A1 PCT/CN2021/123406 CN2021123406W WO2023060457A1 WO 2023060457 A1 WO2023060457 A1 WO 2023060457A1 CN 2021123406 W CN2021123406 W CN 2021123406W WO 2023060457 A1 WO2023060457 A1 WO 2023060457A1
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Prior art keywords
disc
planar member
bonding
bonding device
planar
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PCT/CN2021/123406
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙玉文
闫舒洋
齐书韬
徐金亭
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大连理工大学
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Application filed by 大连理工大学 filed Critical 大连理工大学
Priority to PCT/CN2021/123406 priority Critical patent/WO2023060457A1/zh
Priority to US17/921,480 priority patent/US11919115B2/en
Publication of WO2023060457A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023060457A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
    • B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
    • B23Q3/062—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material
    • B23Q3/065—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material for holding workpieces being specially deformable, e.g. made from thin-walled or elastic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B25/00—Accessories or auxiliary equipment for turning-machines
    • B23B25/06—Measuring, gauging, or adjusting equipment on turning-machines for setting-on, feeding, controlling, or monitoring the cutting tools or work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
    • B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
    • B23Q3/08—Work-clamping means other than mechanically-actuated
    • B23Q3/084—Work-clamping means other than mechanically-actuated using adhesive means

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of turning and clamping of disc planar components, and in particular relates to a flexible lattice bonding device and an adaptive clamping method.
  • the commonly used vacuum adsorption clamping method firmly presses the planar member on the surface of the clamp through the pressure difference between the vacuum chamber inside the clamp body and the atmosphere, which has the advantages of simple operation and reliable clamping.
  • the large clamping deformation caused by the adsorption force and the strong constraint on the stress release during processing are the main problems that restrict the processing accuracy of thin-walled planar components under vacuum adsorption clamping conditions.
  • the bonding method uses low-stress adhesives to fix the workpiece on the fixture, which not only weakens the constraint effect of the clamping boundary, but also effectively reduces the clamping deformation of thin-walled disk components. This method is applied during the polishing of optical components, and usually the positioning surface is integrally bonded.
  • Patent CN103847032A adopts the liquid wax bonding method of light glue board to bond the positioning surface of the disc-like components on the whole surface, and on this basis, a lapping and polishing process that meets the batch processing of ultra-thin quartz wafers is formed. Due to the volume shrinkage and the randomness of the curing sequence during the curing of the adhesive, the full-surface bonding further increases the bonding deformation and deformation complexity of thin-walled planar components.
  • Patent CN111482337B designed a partial bonding fixture for grinding and polishing of ultra-thin disc parts, sticking asphalt powder on the array boss structure of the fixture, and bonding the discs by the adhesive force generated when the molten asphalt powder cools. The components are fixed on the fixture. This clamping method reduces the adhesive deformation of ultra-thin disc parts, but fails to effectively control the stress deformation of disc parts.
  • the bonding area of the disk member can be reduced by reducing the number of bosses in the local bonding fixture, so as to achieve the effect of weakening the constraint effect of the bonded boundary on the stress release during processing, it increases the The unsupported area of the workpiece is exacerbated, and the elasticity of the thin-walled member under the action of the cutting force is exacerbated to deform the knife.
  • most of the existing partial bonding devices are special fixtures for a certain process of a certain part, but the stress state inside the component is also different for different disc components or even different processing stages of the same disc component. The corresponding optimal bonding schemes are bound to be different. At this time, it is difficult to use special fixtures with fixed structures to meet the optimal clamping requirements in the turning process of disc-like planar members.
  • the present invention provides a flexible lattice bonding device and an adaptive clamping method for the turning process of disc-like planar members, so as to solve the problem that the existing bonding devices and methods are difficult to meet the needs of disc-like planar members.
  • the problem of optimal clamping requirements in turning process is a problem of optimal clamping requirements in turning process.
  • a flexible lattice bonding device for plate-like planar members with adjustable bonding positions including three parts: a base plate, a connecting rod, and an auxiliary bracket.
  • the base plate of the bonding device is uniformly distributed with leveling screw holes in the circumferential direction, and the outer edge of the upper surface is uniformly distributed with mounting holes in the circumferential direction, and the middle part is a groove.
  • a plurality of threaded through holes and circular arc grooves are arranged in the groove, and a stopper structure is arranged on the outer edge of the groove.
  • the bottom surface of the connecting rod of the bonding device is provided with an inner hexagonal counterbore, and the bottom is provided with an external thread.
  • the auxiliary bracket of the bonding device includes a plurality of boss structures, wherein the upper surface of the boss structures is glued with an arc-shaped silicon rubber plate having the same cross-sectional profile as the boss.
  • the connecting rod When processing disc-type planar components, the connecting rod is first fixed on the base plate by threaded connection.
  • the connecting rods on the substrate are divided into two types, which play the role of bonding and auxiliary supporting plate-like planar members respectively.
  • Coating adhesive hot melt glue or wax
  • a circular silicone rubber plate on the upper surface of the connecting rod for auxiliary support to form a dot matrix clamping device.
  • use the hexagonal wrench to adjust the height of the connecting rod that serves as an auxiliary support until the circular silicone rubber plate on it It is in contact with the clamping surface of the disc planar member.
  • the disc-like planar member When disassembling the disc-like planar member, first place the bonding device and the disc-like planar member fixed together on the heating platform, and melt the hot-melt adhesive between the connecting rod and the disc-like planar member. At this time, the disc-like planar member It can be freely rotated in the notch structure of the adhesive device, but it is difficult to remove it. To this end, the above combined structure is placed on the auxiliary bracket, the boss on the bracket passes through the arc groove on the base plate, and the arc-shaped silicone rubber plate on it is in contact with the clamping surface of the disc-type planar member, and then the processed The plate-type planar member is jacked up to realize the removal of the workpiece without scratches.
  • Step 1 Preliminarily select the number and position of bonding points of the disc-like planar member according to the force and moment balance conditions in the cutting process of the disc-like planar member. Install the connecting rod on the base plate, and adjust the axial height of the connecting rod to a proper position. According to the primary bonding scheme, stick a circular silicone rubber plate on the upper surface of some connecting rods;
  • Step 2 preheating the bonding device as a whole on a heating platform. After the preheating is completed, evenly coat a layer of hot-melt adhesive on the upper surface of the connecting rod that is not pasted with the silicone rubber plate, and place the disk-like planar member on the assembled dot matrix clamping device. Then the heating platform is turned off, and the adhesive between the disc-type planar member and the connecting rod is cooled and solidified, and then the workpiece is fixed on the bonding device. Fix the bonding device on the ultra-precision machine tool with bolts matching the mounting holes of the substrate, and install the trim bolts in the trim screw holes on the substrate, and adjust the trim bolts until the machine tool dynamic balance test results meet the requirements.
  • Step 3 After the processing is completed, use the auxiliary bracket to push out the plate-like planar member.
  • a non-contact measuring device is used to measure the processed surface shape of the disk-like planar member, and then obtain its deformation distribution.
  • Step 4 Adjust the clamping scheme of the plate-type planar member according to the deformation detection result. That is to reduce the number of bonding points in the large deformation area, weaken the boundary constraint effect in this area, so that the unbalanced stress induced by material removal can be fully released during the processing, and then reduce the processing deformation of the plate-like planar member after unloading.
  • Step 5 According to the revised clamping plan, re-fix the disc-like planar member on the bonding device, then install the bonding device on the ultra-precision machine tool, readjust the dynamic balance of the machine tool, and complete the disc-like component according to the given turning parameters. Subsequent processing of planar components.
  • Step 6 Detect the processing surface shape of the disk-like planar member, evaluate the effect of the new clamping scheme, and determine the current deformation distribution of the disk-like planar member, providing data support for the subsequent adjustment of the clamping scheme. Repeat the process described in step four, step five and step six until the geometric dimensions and surface shape accuracy of the disk-like planar member converge to the expected target.
  • the present invention faces the turning process of disc-like planar components, and designs a flexible lattice bonding device. Users can adjust the bonding position of disc-like components more freely according to the actual situation, so as to meet the needs of different stress states. Optimal clamping requirements for components.
  • the present invention designs a "bonding + auxiliary support" clamping scheme for disc-like planar components, which reduces the number of connecting rods for bonding and reduces the impact of the clamping boundary on stress release during the processing of disc-like components.
  • the restraint effect also solves the problem of serious deformation of the knife caused by the elasticity caused by too few bonding points and too large unsupported area of the disc-like planar member, and effectively improves the processing surface shape accuracy of the disc-like planar member.
  • the invention designs an auxiliary bracket structure matched with the base plate, which can be used to conveniently lift the disc-like planar member from the notch structure, and realize the removal of the workpiece without scratches after turning.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a substrate structure of a flexible lattice bonding device.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the connecting rod of the flexible lattice bonding device.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the auxiliary support of the flexible lattice bonding device.
  • Fig. 4 is a layered view of the clamped state of the disk-like planar member.
  • Fig. 5 is a layered view of the device when the disc-like planar member is removed.
  • Fig. 6 is the adjustment process of the bonding scheme aimed at reducing the processing deformation of the disk-like planar member.
  • a flexible dot-matrix bonding device for disk-like planar components mainly includes three parts: a base plate 1 , a connecting rod 2 and an auxiliary bracket 3 .
  • the substrate 1 of the bonding device is uniformly distributed with leveling screw holes 11 in the circumferential direction, and the outer edge of the upper surface is uniformly distributed with mounting holes 13 in the circumferential direction, and a groove is provided in the middle.
  • a plurality of arc grooves 12 and threaded through holes 15 are arranged in the groove, and a stopper structure 14 is arranged on the outer edge of the groove.
  • the connecting rod 2 of the bonding device has an inner hexagonal counterbore 21 on the bottom surface and an external thread 22 on the bottom.
  • the auxiliary bracket 3 of the bonding device includes a plurality of bosses 31 , wherein the upper surface of the bosses 31 is glued with an arc-shaped silicone rubber plate 32 having the same cross-sectional profile.
  • the connecting rod 2 when processing the plate-like planar member 6 , the connecting rod 2 is fixed on the base plate 1 by utilizing the cooperation relationship between the external thread 22 at the bottom of the connecting rod 2 and the internal thread of the threaded through hole 15 on the base plate 1 .
  • the connecting rods 2 on the substrate 1 are divided into two types, which respectively play the role of connecting and supporting the plate-like planar member 6 .
  • An adhesive hot melt glue or wax
  • a circular silicone rubber plate 5 is pasted on the upper surface of the connecting rod 2 for auxiliary support.
  • Step 1 Preliminarily select the number and position of bonding points of the disc-like planar member 6 according to the force and moment balance conditions in the cutting process of the disc-like planar member 6 .
  • Step 2 preheating the bonding device as a whole on a heating platform. After the preheating is completed, a layer of hot-melt adhesive is uniformly coated on the upper surface of the selected connecting rod 2 for bonding, and the disk-type planar member 6 is placed on the assembled lattice clamping device. Then turn off the heating platform, and after the adhesive between the disc-type planar member 6 and the connecting rod 2 is cooled and solidified, the workpiece can be fixed on the bonding device. Fix the bonding device on the ultra-precision machine tool with bolts matching the mounting holes 13, and install trim bolts 4 in the trim screw holes 11 on the base plate 1, and adjust the trim bolts 4 until the machine tool dynamic balance test results meet the requirements;
  • Step 3 After the processing is completed, use the auxiliary bracket 3 to push out the disk-like planar member 6 .
  • Step 4 Adjust the clamping scheme of the workpiece according to the deformation detection result. That is to reduce the number of bonding points in the large deformation area, weaken the boundary constraint effect in this area, so that the unbalanced stress induced by material removal can be fully released during the processing, and then reduce the processing deformation of the plate-like planar member 6 after unloading constraints ;
  • Step 5 Re-fix the plate-type planar member 6 on the bonding device according to the revised clamping plan, and then install the bonding device on the ultra-precision machine tool, readjust the dynamic balance of the machine tool, and complete the plate according to the given turning parameters. Subsequent processing of similar planar member 6;
  • Step 6 Detect the processed surface shape of the disc-like planar member 6, evaluate the effect of the new clamping scheme, and determine the current deformation distribution of the disc-like planar member 6, so as to provide data support for subsequent adjustment of the clamping scheme.
  • the process described in step 4, step 5 and step 6 is repeated until the geometric dimensions and surface shape accuracy of the disk-like planar member 6 converge to the expected target.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种盘类平面构件柔性点阵粘接装置及适应性装夹方法，该装置主要包括基板、连接杆和辅助支架三部分。基板上均布周向阵列的螺纹孔，连接杆通过螺纹连接方式固定在基板不同周向位置处，起粘接和辅助支撑盘类平面构件的作用。辅助支架与基板配合，可将车削加工完成后的工件无碰伤取出。结合盘类构件加工面形检测结果，针对性地调整连接杆在基板上的安装位置，进而改变盘类构件的粘接位置，以降低后续加工过程中装夹边界对构件应力释放的约束效果，最终形成旨在减小盘类平面构件加工变形的适应性装夹方法。本发明提供的点阵粘接装置结构柔性可调，结合所提适应性装夹方法，可以满足不同应力状态盘类平面构件的最优装夹需求。

Description

一种盘类平面构件柔性点阵粘接装置及适应性装夹方法 技术领域
本发明属于盘类平面构件车削装夹技术领域，具体涉及一种柔性点阵粘接装置以及适应性装夹方法。
 背景技术
应用于信息电子、能源动力等领域的一些薄壁盘类平面构件的面形精度往往要求极高，但因其径厚比大、刚性差，极易在应力作用下产生变形，导致车削加工时精度保证的难度极大。其中装夹形式不仅直接影响构件的装夹变形，还会改变构件加工过程中的应力释放方式，进而影响薄壁盘类平面构件加工完成后的面形精度。
当前，常采用的真空吸附装夹法通过夹具体内部的真空腔与大气间的压力差将平面构件牢牢压在夹具表面，具有操作简单、装夹可靠的优点。但吸附力产生的大装夹变形以及对加工过程中应力释放的强约束作用是制约薄壁平面构件真空吸附装夹条件下加工精度的主要问题。与之不同地，粘接法采用低应力粘接剂将工件固定在夹具上，不仅弱化了装夹边界的约束效果，还能有效降低薄壁盘类构件装夹变形。该方法在光学元件抛光过程中得到应用，并且通常是将定位面整体粘接。专利CN103847032A采用光胶板液蜡粘接法整面粘接盘类构件定位面，在此基础上形成了满足超薄石英晶片批量加工的研抛工艺。由于粘接剂固化时体积收缩及其固化顺序的随机性，整面粘接进一步增大了薄壁平面构件的胶接变形量和变形复杂性。专利CN111482337B设计了一种用于超薄盘类零件研抛加工的局部粘接夹具，将沥青粉末粘在夹具的阵列凸台结构上，通过熔融的沥青粉末冷却时产生的粘接力将盘类构件固定在夹具上。该装夹方法降低了超薄盘类零件的胶接变形，但是未能有效控制盘类零件的应力变形。
依据现有粘接技术方案，虽然可以通过减少局部粘接夹具中凸台数量的方法降低盘类构件粘接面积，以达到弱化粘接边界对加工过程中应力释放的约束效果，但却增大了工件的无支撑区域，加剧了薄壁构件切削力作用下的弹性让刀变形。此外，现有的局部粘接装置多为针对某一零件的某一道工序的专用夹具，但是不同盘类构件、甚至同一盘类构件的不同加工阶段，构件内部的应力状态也不尽相同，对应的最佳粘接方案也必然有所差异，此时采用结构固定的专用夹具难以满足盘类平面构件车削加工过程中的最优装夹需求。
 技术问题
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种面向盘类平面构件车削加工过程的柔性点阵粘接装置及适应性装夹方法，以解决现有粘接装置与方法难以满足盘类平面构件车削加工过程中最优装夹需求的问题。
 技术解决方案
本发明的技术方案：
一种粘接位置可调的盘类平面构件柔性点阵粘接装置，包括基板、连接杆和辅助支架三部分。
所述粘接装置的基板周向均布配平螺孔，上表面外边缘处周向均布安装孔，中部为凹槽。凹槽内设有多个螺纹通孔和圆弧槽，凹槽外边缘处设有止口结构。
所述粘接装置的连接杆，底面设有内六角沉孔，底部设有外螺纹。
所述粘接装置的辅助支架包含多个凸台结构，其中凸台结构上表面粘有与凸台截面轮廓相同的弧形硅橡胶板。
依据上述组成部分的结构特征组装柔性点阵粘接装置，以适应盘类平面构件的多种实际工况，具体地：
加工盘类平面构件时，首先采用螺纹连接方式将连接杆固定在基板上。根据选定的粘接装夹方案将基板上的连接杆划分为两类，分别起粘接和辅助支撑盘类平面构件的作用。在起粘接作用的连接杆上表面涂覆粘接剂（热熔胶或蜡），在起辅助支撑作用的连接杆上表面粘贴圆形硅橡胶板，形成点阵装夹装置。将待加工的盘类平面构件置于组合好的点阵装夹装置上，待粘接剂固化后，采用内六角扳手调整起辅助支撑作用的连接杆高度，直至其上的圆形硅橡胶板与盘类平面构件装夹面接触。
拆卸盘类平面构件时，首先将固连在一起的粘接装置与盘类平面构件置于加热平台上，融化连接杆与盘类平面构件间的热熔粘接剂，此时盘类平面构件可以在粘接装置的止口结构内自由转动，但是难以从中取出。为此，将上述组合结构置于辅助支架上，支架上的凸台穿过基板上的圆弧槽，其上的弧形硅橡胶板与盘类平面构件装夹面接触，随后将加工好的盘类平面构件顶起，实现了工件的无碰伤取出。
充分发挥所设计的粘接装置结构柔性可调的特点，采用上述装置，提出了一种减小盘类平面构件加工变形的适应性装夹方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤一、依据盘类平面构件切削加工中所受力与力矩平衡条件，初选盘类平面构件的粘接点数量与位置。在基板上安装连接杆，调整连接杆轴向高度至合适位置。依照初选的粘接方案，在部分连接杆上表面粘贴圆形硅橡胶板；
步骤二、将粘接装置整体置于加热平台上预热。预热完成后，在未粘贴硅橡胶板的连接杆上表面均匀涂覆一层热熔粘接剂，将盘类平面构件置于组合好的点阵装夹装置上。随后关闭加热平台，盘类平面构件与连接杆间的粘接剂冷却凝固，进而将工件固定在粘接装置上。采用与基板安装孔相配合的螺栓将粘接装置固定在超精密机床上，并将配平螺栓安装在基板上的配平螺孔内，调整配平螺栓直至机床动平衡检测结果符合要求。
步骤三、加工完成后，利用辅助支架将盘类平面构件顶出。采用非接触式测量装置测量盘类平面构件的加工面形，进而获得其变形分布。
步骤四、依据变形检测结果调整盘类平面构件装夹方案。即减少大变形区域的粘接点数量，弱化该区域的边界约束作用，使材料去除诱发的不平衡应力在加工过程中即得以充分释放，进而减小盘类平面构件约束卸载后的加工变形。
步骤五、依照修订后的装夹方案将盘类平面构件重新固定在粘接装置上，随后将粘接装置安装在超精密机床上，重新调整机床动平衡，根据给定的车削参数完成盘类平面构件的后续加工。
步骤六、检测盘类平面构件加工面形，评估新装夹方案的作用效果，并确定盘类平面构件当前的变形分布，为后续装夹方案调整提供数据支持。重复步骤四、步骤五和步骤六所述过程，直至盘类平面构件的几何尺寸与面形精度收敛至预期目标。
 有益效果
（1）本发明面向盘类平面构件车削加工过程，设计了一种柔性点阵粘接装置，使用者可根据实际情况更加自由地调整盘类构件粘接位置，以满足不同应力状态盘类平面构件的最优装夹需求。
（2）本发明设计了“粘接+辅助支撑”的盘类平面构件装夹方案，减少了起粘接作用的连接杆数量，既降低了装夹边界对盘类构件加工过程中应力释放的约束效果，又解决了由于粘接点过少、盘类平面构件无支撑区域过大导致的弹性让刀变形严重的问题，有效提升了盘类平面构件的加工面形精度。
（3）本发明设计了与基板相配合的辅助支架结构，利用该结构可便捷地将盘类平面构件从止口结构中顶起，实现了工件车削加工完成后无碰伤取出。
 附图说明
图1是柔性点阵粘接装置的基板结构示意图。
图2是柔性点阵粘接装置的连接杆结构示意图。
图3是柔性点阵粘接装置的辅助支架结构示意图。
图4是盘类平面构件装夹状态下的分层视图。
图5是拆卸盘类平面构件时装置的分层视图。
图6是旨在减小盘类平面构件加工变形的粘接方案调整流程。
图中：1.基板；11.配平螺孔；12.圆弧槽；13.安装孔；14.止口结构；15.螺纹通孔；2.连接杆；21.内六角沉孔；22.外螺纹；3.辅助支架；31.凸台；32.弧形硅橡胶板；4.配平螺栓；5.圆形硅橡胶板；6.盘类平面构件。
 本发明的实施方式
为使得本发明的发明目的、特征、优点能够更加的明显和易懂，以下参照附图并结合具体实施方式来进一步描述本发明，以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施，本发明保护范围并不受限于该具体实施方式。显然，下面所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而非全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
一种盘类平面构件柔性点阵粘接装置，主要包括基板1、连接杆2和辅助支架3三部分。
如图1所示，所述粘接装置的基板1周向均布配平螺孔11，上表面外边缘处周向均布安装孔13，中部设有凹槽。凹槽内设有多个圆弧槽12和螺纹通孔15，凹槽外边缘处设有止口结构14。
如图2所示，所述粘接装置的连接杆2，底面设有内六角沉孔21，底部设有外螺纹22。
如图3所示，所述粘接装置的辅助支架3包含多个凸台31，其中凸台31上表面粘有与其截面轮廓相同的弧形硅橡胶板32。
依据上述组成部分的结构特征组装柔性点阵粘接装置，以适应盘类平面构件的多种实际工况，具体地：
如图4所示，加工盘类平面构件6时，首先利用连接杆2底部的外螺纹22与基板1上螺纹通孔15的内螺纹间的配合关系，将连接杆2固定在基板1上。根据选定的粘接装夹方案将基板1上的连接杆2划分为两类，分别起连接和辅助支撑盘类平面构件6的作用。在起连接作用的连接杆2上表面涂覆粘接剂（热熔胶或蜡），在起辅助支撑作用的连接杆2上表面粘贴圆形硅橡胶板5。将待加工的盘类平面构件6置于组合好的点阵装夹装置上，待粘接剂固化后，选择与内六角沉孔21相配合的内六角扳手调整起辅助支撑作用的连接杆2轴向高度，直至其上的圆形硅橡胶板5与盘类平面构件6装夹面接触。
如图5所示，拆卸盘类平面构件6时，首先将固连在一起的粘接装置与盘类平面构件6置于加热平台上，融化连接杆2与盘类平面构件6间的热熔粘接剂，此时盘类平面构件6可以在粘接装置的止口结构14内自由转动，但是难以从中取出。为此，将上述组合结构置于辅助支架3上，支架上的凸台31穿过基板1上的圆弧槽12，其上的弧形硅橡胶板32与盘类平面构件6装夹面接触，随后将加工好的盘类平面构件6顶起，实现了工件的无碰伤取出。
如图6所示，充分发挥所设计的粘接装置结构柔性可调的特点，采用上述装置，提出了一种减小盘类平面构件加工变形的适应性装夹方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤一、依据盘类平面构件6切削加工中所受力与力矩平衡条件，初选盘类平面构件6的粘接点数量与位置。在基板1上安装连接杆2，调整连接杆2轴向高度至合适位置。依照初选的粘接方案，在选定的部分连接杆2上表面粘贴圆形硅橡胶板5；
步骤二、将粘接装置整体置于加热平台上预热。预热完成后，在选定的起粘接作用的连接杆2上表面均匀涂覆一层热熔粘接剂，将盘类平面构件6置于组合好的点阵装夹装置上。随后关闭加热平台，待盘类平面构件6与连接杆2间的粘接剂冷却凝固后，即可将工件固定在粘接装置上。采用与安装孔13相配合的螺栓将粘接装置固定在超精密机床上，并在基板1上的配平螺孔11内安装配平螺栓4，调整配平螺栓4直至机床动平衡检测结果符合要求；
步骤三、加工完成后，利用辅助支架3将盘类平面构件6顶出。采用非接触式测量装置测量盘类平面构件6的加工面形，进而获得其变形分布；
步骤四、依据变形检测结果调整工件的装夹方案。即减少大变形区域的粘接点数量，弱化该区域的边界约束作用，使材料去除诱发的不平衡应力在加工过程中即得以充分释放，进而减小盘类平面构件6约束卸载后的加工变形；
步骤五、依照修订后的装夹方案将盘类平面构件6重新固定在粘接装置上，随后将粘接装置安装在超精密机床上，重新调整机床动平衡，根据给定的车削参数完成盘类平面构件6的后续加工；
步骤六、检测盘类平面构件6的加工面形，评估新装夹方案的作用效果，并确定盘类平面构件6当前的变形分布，为后续装夹方案调整提供数据支持。重复步骤四、步骤五和步骤六所述过程，直至盘类平面构件6的几何尺寸与面形精度收敛至预期目标。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种盘类平面构件柔性点阵粘接装置，其特征在于，所述盘类平面构件柔性点阵粘接装置包括基板（1）、连接杆（2）和辅助支架（3）；
    所述基板（1）周向均布配平螺孔（11），上表面外边缘处周向均布安装孔（13），中部为凹槽；凹槽内设有多个圆弧槽（12）和螺纹通孔（15），凹槽外边缘处设有止口结构（14）；
    所述连接杆（2），底面设有内六角沉孔（21），底部设有外螺纹（22）；
    所述辅助支架（3）包含多个凸台（31），其中凸台（31）的上表面粘有与其截面轮廓相同的弧形硅橡胶板（32）；
    加工盘类平面构件（6）时，首先利用螺纹配合关系，将连接杆（2）固定在基板（1）上；将基板（1）上的连接杆（2）划分为两类，分别起粘接和辅助支撑工件的作用；在起粘接作用的连接杆（2）上表面涂覆粘接剂，在起辅助支撑作用的连接杆（2）上表面粘贴圆形硅橡胶板（5），形成点阵装夹装置；将待加工的盘类平面构件（6）置于组合好的点阵装夹装置上，待粘接剂固化后，调整起辅助支撑作用的连接杆（2）高度，直至其上的圆形硅橡胶板（5）与盘类平面构件（6）装夹面接触；
    拆卸盘类平面构件（6）时，首先将固连在一起的粘接装置与盘类平面构件（6）置于加热平台上，融化连接杆（2）与盘类平面构件（6）之间的粘接剂；随后将上述组合结构置于辅助支架（3）上，支架上的凸台（31）穿过基板（1）上的圆弧槽（12），其上的弧形硅橡胶板（32）与盘类平面构件（6）装夹面接触，随即将加工好的盘类平面构件（6）顶起，实现了工件的无碰伤取出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述盘类平面构件柔性点阵粘接装置，其特征在于，所述基板（1）、连接杆（2）和辅助支架（3）的材料为铝合金。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述盘类平面构件柔性点阵粘接装置，其特征在于，所述基板（1）上的圆弧槽（12）宽度大于辅助支架（3）上凸台（31）的宽度，凸台（31）能在圆弧槽（12）内上下移动。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述盘类平面构件柔性点阵粘接装置，其特征在于，所述的粘接剂为低熔点粘接蜡，熔点在60 °C ~70 °C范围内。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述盘类平面构件柔性点阵粘接装置，其特征在于，所述的粘接剂为低熔点粘接蜡，熔点在60 °C ~70 °C范围内。
  6. 根据权利要求1、2或5所述盘类平面构件柔性点阵粘接装置，其特征在于，所述的圆形硅橡胶板（5）为自粘橡胶板，其中一面设有3M背胶。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述盘类平面构件柔性点阵粘接装置，其特征在于，所述的圆形硅橡胶板（5）为自粘橡胶板，其中一面设有3M背胶。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述盘类平面构件柔性点阵粘接装置，其特征在于，所述的圆形硅橡胶板（5）为自粘橡胶板，其中一面设有3M背胶。
  9. 一种基于盘类平面构件柔性点阵粘接装置实现的适应性装夹方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤一、依据盘类平面构件（6）切削加工中所受力与力矩平衡条件，初选盘类平面构件（6）的粘接点数量与位置；在基板（1）上安装连接杆（2），调整连接杆（2）轴向高度至合适位置；依照初选粘接方案，在选定的部分连接杆（2）上表面粘贴圆形硅橡胶板（5）；
    步骤二、将柔性点阵粘接装置整体置于加热平台上预热；预热完成后，在选定的起粘接作用的连接杆（2）上表面均匀涂覆一层热熔粘接剂，将盘类平面构件（6）置于组合好的点阵装夹装置上；随后关闭加热平台，盘类平面构件（6）与连接杆（2）间的粘接剂冷却凝固，进而将工件固定在粘接装置上；采用与安装孔（13）相配合的螺栓将粘有盘类平面构件（6）的柔性点阵装置固定在超精密机床上，并在位于基板（1）上的配平螺孔（11）内安装配平螺栓（4），调整配平螺栓（4）直至机床动平衡检测结果符合要求；
    步骤三、车削加工完成后，利用辅助支架（3）将盘类平面构件（6）顶出；采用非接触式测量装置测量盘类平面构件（6）的加工面形，以获得其变形分布；
    步骤四、依据变形检测结果调整工件的装夹方案；具体地，通过减少大变形区域的粘接点数量，弱化该区域的边界约束作用，使材料去除诱发的不平衡应力在加工过程中即得以充分释放，进而减小盘类平面构件（6）约束卸载后的加工变形；
    步骤五、依照修订后的装夹方案将盘类平面构件（6）重新固定在粘接装置上，随后将粘接装置安装在超精密机床上，重新调整机床动平衡，根据给定车削参数完成盘类平面构件（6）的后续加工；
    步骤六、检测盘类平面构件（6）的加工面形，评估新装夹方案的作用效果，并确定盘类平面构件（6）当前的变形分布，为后续装夹方案调整提供数据支持；重复步骤四、步骤五和步骤六，直至盘类平面构件（6）的几何尺寸与面形精度收敛至预期目标。
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CN118287718B (zh) * 2024-06-06 2024-08-16 山西潞安安太机械有限责任公司 一种基于活槽帮上沿结构的弯曲段用开孔设备

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