WO2023058523A1 - 熱電変換モジュール及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
熱電変換モジュール及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023058523A1 WO2023058523A1 PCT/JP2022/036185 JP2022036185W WO2023058523A1 WO 2023058523 A1 WO2023058523 A1 WO 2023058523A1 JP 2022036185 W JP2022036185 W JP 2022036185W WO 2023058523 A1 WO2023058523 A1 WO 2023058523A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- thermoelectric conversion
- type thermoelectric
- conversion element
- type
- heat conducting
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N3/00—Generators in which thermal or kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy by ionisation of a fluid and removal of the charge therefrom
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/01—Manufacture or treatment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/17—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the structure or configuration of the cell or thermocouple forming the device
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/80—Constructional details
- H10N10/85—Thermoelectric active materials
- H10N10/851—Thermoelectric active materials comprising inorganic compositions
- H10N10/855—Thermoelectric active materials comprising inorganic compositions comprising compounds containing boron, carbon, oxygen or nitrogen
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/80—Constructional details
- H10N10/85—Thermoelectric active materials
- H10N10/856—Thermoelectric active materials comprising organic compositions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/80—Constructional details
- H10N10/85—Thermoelectric active materials
- H10N10/857—Thermoelectric active materials comprising compositions changing continuously or discontinuously inside the material
Definitions
- thermoelectric conversion module and its manufacturing method.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a mode in which a flexible substrate having a pattern layer made of a resin layer and a metal layer is provided on both sides of a thermoelectric conversion module having a P-type thermoelectric element material and an N-type thermoelectric element material. ing.
- the metal layer included in one flexible substrate overlaps one electrode included in the thermoelectric conversion module, and the metal layer included in the other flexible substrate overlaps the other electrode included in the thermoelectric conversion module. Overlaps the electrode.
- a temperature difference occurs in the surface direction of the thermoelectric conversion module by setting one flexible substrate to a high temperature state and setting the other flexible substrate to a low temperature state. This generates an electromotive force in the thermoelectric conversion module.
- thermoelectric conversion efficiency In order to improve the output of the thermoelectric conversion module as described in Patent Document 1, for example, it is conceivable to increase the thermoelectric conversion efficiency by widening the temperature difference.
- the thickness of the P-type thermoelectric element material and the N-type thermoelectric element material is reduced, and the distance between the metal layers is increased.
- the number of elements per unit area decreases as the distance increases. Therefore, if the temperature difference is simply increased, the output of the thermoelectric conversion module per unit area may rather decrease.
- An object of one aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a thermoelectric conversion module capable of improving output per unit area and a method of manufacturing the same.
- thermoelectric conversion module according to one aspect of the present disclosure and a method for manufacturing the same are as follows.
- a substrate having a first principal surface and a second principal surface located on the opposite side of the first principal surface, a thermoelectric conversion portion located on the first principal surface, and located on the second principal surface, a first thermally conductive portion and a second thermally conductive portion adjacent to each other along a first direction orthogonal to the thickness direction of the substrate, wherein the thermoelectric conversion portion includes p-type thermoelectric conversion elements and having an n-type thermoelectric conversion element, a first end of the p-type thermoelectric conversion element in the first direction is in contact with a first end of the n-type thermoelectric conversion element in the first direction; The first heat conducting part overlaps the second end of the p-type thermoelectric conversion element in the first direction, and the second heat conducting part overlaps the second end of the n-type thermoelectric conversion element in the first direction in the thickness direction.
- each of the p-type thermoelectric conversion element and the n-type thermoelectric conversion element is 3 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less, and the distance between the first heat conduction portion and the second heat conduction portion in the first direction is A thermoelectric conversion module, wherein the length of the p-type thermoelectric conversion element in one direction and the length of the n-type thermoelectric conversion element in the first direction are greater than or equal to 3 mm or more and 15 mm or less.
- thermoelectric conversion module according to [1] or [2], which is greater than or equal to 12 mm and less than 12 mm.
- thermoelectric conversion group located on the first main surface and having a thermoelectric conversion part; a second thermoelectric conversion group adjacent to the first thermoelectric conversion group, the second thermoelectric conversion group having a second thermoelectric conversion unit adjacent to the thermoelectric conversion unit along the second direction, and the second thermoelectric conversion
- the part has a second p-type thermoelectric conversion element and a second n-type thermoelectric conversion element arranged along the first direction, and the first end of the second p-type thermoelectric conversion element in the first direction is the 2nth thermoelectric conversion element in the first direction.
- each of the first heat conducting part and the second heat conducting part extends along the second direction, and in the thickness direction, the first heat conducting part overlaps the second end of the second n-type thermoelectric conversion element included in the second thermoelectric conversion part in the first direction, and in the thickness direction, the second heat conduction part overlaps the second thermoelectric conversion part in the first direction
- the thermoelectric conversion module according to any one of [1] to [3], which overlaps the second end of the second p-type thermoelectric conversion element included in the.
- thermoelectric conversion module A first conductive part located on the first main surface and connected to one end of the first thermoelectric conversion group in the first direction, and a first thermoelectric conversion part located on the first main surface and in the first direction a second conductive portion connected to the other end of the group and one end of the second thermoelectric conversion group in the first direction, wherein the conductivity type of each of the first conductive portion and the second conductive portion is the same;
- the thermoelectric conversion module according to [4].
- each of the first heat conducting portion and the second heat conducting portion has a width along the first direction of 0.5 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less. thermoelectric conversion module.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion element includes a carbon nanotube and a conductive resin
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion element includes a carbon nanotube, a conductive resin, a crown ether compound, and a coordination compound containing iron atoms. and, the thermoelectric conversion module according to any one of [1] to [6].
- the coordination compound includes at least one of a ferrocyanide compound and a ferricyanide compound.
- thermoelectric conversion module exhibits flexibility, [1] to [9] The thermoelectric conversion module according to any one of 1. [11] A first step of forming a mask on the first main surface of the substrate, a second step of forming a first layer containing a p-type thermoelectric conversion material on the first main surface, and removing the mask.
- thermoelectric conversion layer extending along the first direction by subsequently immersing the substrate in an organic solvent; and after the third step, forming a plurality of heat conducting portions on the second main surface of the substrate and a fifth step of forming an n-type thermoelectric conversion element on a portion of the thermoelectric conversion layer after the fourth step by dropping a dopant solution onto the portion of the thermoelectric conversion layer [1].
- thermoelectric conversion module capable of improving output per unit area and a method of manufacturing the same.
- FIG. 1(a) is a schematic plan view showing the thermoelectric conversion module according to the embodiment
- FIG. 1(b) is a schematic bottom view showing the thermoelectric conversion module according to the embodiment
- FIG. 2(a) is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 1(a)
- FIG. 2(b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line IIb-IIb of FIG. 2(a).
- (a) to (c) of FIG. 3 are diagrams for explaining the method of manufacturing the thermoelectric conversion module according to the embodiment.
- (a) and (b) of FIG. 4 are diagrams for explaining the method of manufacturing the thermoelectric conversion module according to the embodiment.
- (a) and (b) of FIG. 5 are diagrams for explaining the method of manufacturing the thermoelectric conversion module according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 1(a) is a schematic plan view showing the thermoelectric conversion module according to this embodiment
- FIG. 1(b) is a schematic bottom view showing the thermoelectric conversion module according to this embodiment
- FIG. 2(a) is an enlarged view of part of FIG. 1(a) (area surrounded by a dashed line).
- FIG. 2(b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line IIb--IIb of FIG. 2(a).
- the thermoelectric conversion module 1 shown in (a) and (b) of FIG. 1 is a device capable of generating power by supplying heat from the outside.
- the thermoelectric conversion module 1 is a so-called in-plane type device. Therefore, the thermoelectric conversion module 1 tends to be superior in workability and flexibility to, for example, a ⁇ -type element (cross-plane type element). Therefore, the thermoelectric conversion module 1 can be provided, for example, along the side surface of a cylindrical pipe or the like used for recovering factory exhaust heat. That is, the thermoelectric conversion module 1 can be easily arranged at various locations. Therefore, the thermoelectric conversion module 1 is used, for example, as a power source for a plant sensor that uses waste heat.
- thermoelectric conversion module 1 the contact resistance between the thermoelectric conversion material included in the thermoelectric conversion module 1 and the electrodes tends to be lower than in the ⁇ -type module.
- the temperature of each component of the thermoelectric conversion module 1 shall be measured under natural convection conditions of air.
- the thermoelectric conversion module 1 has a substrate 2 , a plurality of thermoelectric conversion groups 3 , a plurality of conductive portions 4 and a plurality of heat conductive portions 5 . At least one of the substrate 2, the plurality of thermoelectric conversion groups 3, the plurality of conductive portions 4, and the plurality of heat conductive portions 5 exhibits flexibility.
- the substrate 2 is a resin sheet member exhibiting heat resistance and flexibility, and has, for example, a substantially flat plate shape.
- the resin constituting the substrate 2 is, for example, (meth)acrylic resin, (meth)acrylonitrile resin, polyamide resin, polycarbonate resin, polyether resin, polyester resin, epoxy resin, organosiloxane resin, polyimide. resin, polysulfone resin, and the like.
- the thickness of the substrate 2 is, for example, 5 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the thermal conductivity of the substrate 2 is, for example, 0.1 W/mK (corresponding to 0.1 Watt/meter/Kelvin and 0.1 W ⁇ m ⁇ 1 ⁇ K ⁇ 1 ) or more and 0.3 W/mK or less.
- the thermal conductivity of the substrate 2 is measured by a stationary method or a non-stationary method.
- the substrate 2 has a first main surface 2a and a second main surface 2b located on the opposite side of the first main surface 2a.
- the first main surface 2 a and the second main surface 2 b are surfaces that intersect the direction along the thickness of the substrate 2 .
- the shapes of the first main surface 2a and the second main surface 2b are not particularly limited, but may be polygonal, circular, elliptical, or the like, for example.
- the direction along the thickness of the substrate 2 is simply referred to as the thickness direction D1. Viewing from the thickness direction D1 corresponds to planar view. Also, the directions orthogonal to the thickness direction D1 are defined as a first direction D2 and a second direction D3.
- thermoelectric conversion region R1 and two conductive regions R2 are defined on the first main surface 2a.
- a plurality of thermoelectric conversion groups 3 are provided in the thermoelectric conversion region R1.
- a plurality of conductive portions 4 are provided in each conductive region R2.
- the thermoelectric conversion region R1 is located between the two conductive regions R2 in the first direction D2.
- the output of the thermoelectric conversion module 1 tends to increase as the percentage of the thermoelectric conversion region R1 on the first main surface 2a increases.
- the proportion of the area occupied by the thermoelectric conversion regions R1 in the first main surface 2a is, for example, 50% or more and 90% or less.
- the ratio of the area occupied by the two conductive regions R2 in the first main surface 2a is, for example, 5% or more and 30% or less.
- the thermoelectric conversion module 1 can exhibit good output while reliably forming conductive paths connecting the thermoelectric conversion groups 3 to each other.
- Each of the plurality of thermoelectric conversion groups 3 is a portion capable of generating power by being supplied with heat from the outside, and is located on the first main surface 2a.
- the multiple thermoelectric conversion groups 3 extend along the first direction D2 and are arranged along the second direction D3.
- Each of the plurality of thermoelectric conversion groups 3 has a strip shape when viewed from the thickness direction D1.
- Each thermoelectric conversion group 3 is electrically connected to each other in series while being separated from each other.
- one end of each thermoelectric conversion group 3 is connected to one of the plurality of conductive parts 4 included in one conductive region R2, and the other end of each thermoelectric conversion group 3 is connected to the other conductive region R2. to one of the plurality of conductive portions 4 included in the .
- Each of the multiple thermoelectric conversion groups 3 has multiple thermoelectric conversion units 11 .
- each thermoelectric conversion group 3 has ten thermoelectric conversion units 11, but the number is not limited to this.
- the plurality of thermoelectric conversion units 11 are arranged along the first direction D2. Two thermoelectric conversion parts 11 adjacent to each other in the first direction D2 are in contact with each other and connected in series.
- thermoelectric conversion group 3a one of the two thermoelectric conversion groups 3 shown in FIG. 2A is referred to as a first thermoelectric conversion group 3a, and the first thermoelectric conversion The other thermoelectric conversion group 3 adjacent to the group 3a may be called a second thermoelectric conversion group 3b.
- thermoelectric conversion units 11 included in the first thermoelectric conversion group 3a are referred to as first thermoelectric conversion units 11a
- thermoelectric conversion units 11 included in the second thermoelectric conversion group 3b are referred to as second thermoelectric conversion units 11b.
- I have something to do.
- the plurality of first thermoelectric conversion units 11a included in the first thermoelectric conversion group 3a are arranged in order along the first direction D2.
- the plurality of second thermoelectric conversion units 11b included in the second thermoelectric conversion group 3b are arranged in order along the first direction D2.
- the first thermoelectric conversion part 11a and the second thermoelectric conversion part 11b are adjacent to each other along the second direction D3.
- Each of the plurality of thermoelectric conversion units 11 is a portion where thermoelectric conversion is performed in the thermoelectric conversion module 1 and exhibits flexibility.
- the shape of the thermoelectric conversion part 11 in plan view is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, a polygonal shape, a circular shape, an elliptical shape, or the like.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 and the n-type thermoelectric conversion element 22 have the same shape, but are not limited to this.
- Each thermoelectric conversion part 11 has a p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 and an n-type thermoelectric conversion element 22 arranged along the first direction D2.
- thermoelectric conversion portion 11 the first end 21a of the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 in the first direction D2 and the first end 22a of the n-type thermoelectric conversion element 22 in the first direction D2 are in contact with each other.
- the second end portion 21b of the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 in the first direction D2 is located at one end of the corresponding thermoelectric conversion portion 11, and the n-type thermoelectric conversion element 22 in the first direction D2
- the second end portion 22b is located at the other end of the corresponding thermoelectric conversion portion 11 .
- thermoelectric conversion portions 11 In the two thermoelectric conversion portions 11 adjacent in the first direction D2, the second end portions 21b of the p-type thermoelectric conversion elements 21 included in one thermoelectric conversion portion 11 and the n-type thermoelectric conversion elements included in the other thermoelectric conversion portion 11 The second ends 22b of the conversion elements 22 are in contact with each other.
- thermoelectric conversion elements 21 and the n-type thermoelectric conversion elements 22 are alternately arranged in the first direction D2.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion elements 21 of the first thermoelectric conversion portion 11a move toward the n-type thermoelectric conversion elements 22 of the second thermoelectric conversion portion 11b in the second direction D3.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion element 22 of the first thermoelectric conversion portion 11a is adjacent to the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 (second p-type thermoelectric conversion element) of the second thermoelectric conversion portion 11b in the second direction D3. conversion element).
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 is provided on the first main surface 2 a of the substrate 2 and is in contact with the n-type thermoelectric conversion element 22 .
- a thickness T1 of the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 is, for example, 3 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less. When the thickness T1 is 3 ⁇ m or more, the electric resistance of the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 can be favorably reduced.
- a temperature gradient can be easily formed inside the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 by setting the thickness T1 to 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness T1 may be 5 ⁇ m or more, 8 ⁇ m or more, 10 ⁇ m or more, 25 ⁇ m or less, 20 ⁇ m or less, or 15 ⁇ m or less.
- a length L1 of the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 in the first direction D2 is, for example, 2 mm or more and 10 mm or less. In this case, a temperature gradient can easily be formed inside the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 .
- the length of the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 in the second direction D3 is, for example, 5 mm or more and 30 mm or less. In this case, a sufficient number of thermoelectric conversion parts 11 can be formed on the first main surface 2a.
- the thermal conductivity of the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 in the in-plane direction is, for example, 0.01 W/mK or more and 40.0 W/mK or less.
- the thermal conductivity of the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 in the in-plane direction is measured by, for example, the optical AC method, the 3-omega method, and the laser flash method.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 is formed by various dry methods or wet methods, for example. Wet methods include, for example, a doctor blade method, a dip coating method, a spray coating method, a spin coating method, an inkjet method, and the like.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 is, for example, a p-type semiconductor layer.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 includes, for example, carbon nanotubes (CNT) and a conductive resin different from the carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes exhibit p-type. Carbon nanotubes may be single-walled, double-walled or multi-walled. From the viewpoint of electrical conductivity of the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) may be used. The ratio of single-walled carbon nanotubes to the total amount of carbon nanotubes may be 25% by mass or more, 50% by mass or more, or 100% by mass.
- the diameter of the single-walled carbon nanotube is not particularly limited, it is, for example, 20 nm or less, 10 nm or less, or 3 nm or less.
- the lower limit of the diameter of the single-walled carbon nanotube is also not particularly limited, but may be 0.4 nm or more, or 0.5 nm or more.
- the thermal conductivity of the carbon nanotube in the in-plane direction may be, for example, 5 W/mK or more and 40 W/mK or less, or 30 W/mK or more and 40 W/mK or less.
- G/D ratio in laser Raman spectroscopy is known as a method for evaluating single-walled carbon nanotubes.
- the single-walled carbon nanotube may have a G/D ratio of 10 or more, or 20 or more, in laser Raman spectroscopy at a wavelength of 532 nm.
- the upper limit of the G/D ratio is not particularly limited, and may be 500 or less or 300 or less.
- the content of carbon nanotubes in the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 may be, for example, 20 parts by mass or more, or 30 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the material (p-type thermoelectric conversion material) constituting the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21. 40 parts by mass or more, 99 parts by mass or less, 95 parts by mass or less, or 90 parts by mass or less.
- the conductive resin of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and known conductive resins can be used without particular limitations.
- Examples of conductive resins include polyaniline-based conductive resins, polythiophene-based conductive resins, polypyrrole-based conductive resins, polyacetylene-based conductive resins, polyphenylene-based conductive resins, polyphenylene vinylene-based conductive resins, and the like. be done.
- Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) can be exemplified as the polythiophene-based conductive resin.
- the conductive resin contains PEDOT and an electron acceptor. In this case, the electric conductivity of the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 tends to be higher.
- Electron acceptors include polystyrenesulfonic acid, polyvinylsulfonic acid, poly(meth)acrylic acid, polyvinylsulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate, chlorine, and bromine.
- the electron acceptor may be polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS).
- PSS polystyrene sulfonic acid
- the carbon nanotubes and the conductive resin may aggregate.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 may include a porous structure in which carbon nanotubes are bonded together with a conductive resin.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion element 22 is provided on the first main surface 2 a of the substrate 2 and is in contact with the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 .
- the thickness of the n-type thermoelectric conversion element 22 is the same as or substantially the same as the thickness T1 of the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 .
- the length of the n-type thermoelectric conversion elements 22 in the first direction D2 is the same as or substantially the same as the length L1 of the p-type thermoelectric conversion elements 21 .
- the length of the n-type thermoelectric conversion element 22 in the second direction D3 is, for example, 2 mm or more and 10 mm or less. In this case, a sufficient number of thermoelectric conversion parts 11 can be formed on the first main surface 2a.
- the thermal conductivity of the n-type thermoelectric conversion element 22 in the in-plane direction is, for example, 0.01 W/mK or more and 40.0 W/mK or less.
- the thermal conductivity of the n-type thermoelectric conversion element 22 in the in-plane direction is measured by, for example, the optical AC method, the 3-omega method, and the laser flash method.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion elements 22 are formed by various dry methods or wet methods, for example.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion element 22 is, for example, an n-type semiconductor layer.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion element 22 includes, for example, a plurality of organic composites or inorganic-organic composites.
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion element 22 is a portion exhibiting the n-type by containing a dopant with respect to the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 . Therefore, the n-type thermoelectric conversion element 22 includes carbon nanotubes, conductive resin, and dopants.
- dopant is intended to be a substance that changes the Seebeck coefficient of the part to which the dopant is doped.
- thermoelectric conversion material with a positive Seebeck coefficient has p-type conductivity
- thermoelectric conversion material with a negative Seebeck coefficient is an n-type material.
- the dopant of the present embodiment is, for example, a coordination compound that can be dissociated into an anion that is a complex ion (hereinafter also simply referred to as "anion") and an alkali metal cation (hereinafter also simply referred to as “cation”), and , contains a cation scavenger (hereinafter also simply referred to as a “scavenger”). At least part of the coordination compound may be dissociated into the anion and the cation in the n-type thermoelectric conversion element 22 . In this case, the cation may be trapped by the trapping agent.
- the dopant may contain multiple types of at least one of the coordination compound and the scavenger. The Seebeck coefficient changes in the portion where the dopant is contained in the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 . Thereby, the n-type thermoelectric conversion element 22 is formed in the above portion.
- the trapping agent contained in the dopant traps the cation to dissociate the anion, and the anion changes the carrier of the carbon nanotube from a hole to an electron. is thought to be a factor.
- the anion is a complex ion having a metal atom in the center, it is considered that the interaction between the metal atom and the carbon nanotube significantly n-types the anion.
- the complex ion has a large ion size, it is considered that the dissociation property with the cation captured by the capturing agent is good, which is one of the reasons why the above effect is exhibited.
- the anion is a complex ion. Therefore, the n-type thermoelectric conversion element 22 contains metal atoms derived from complex ions. Therefore, in this embodiment, the metal atoms remaining in the n-type thermoelectric conversion element 22 can function as an antioxidant.
- Complex ions (anions) obtained by dissociation of coordination compounds include ferrocyanide ions, ferricyanide ions, tetrachloroferric acid (III) ions, tetrachloroferric acid (II) ions, tetracyanonickelate ( II) ion, tetrachloronickelate (II) ion, tetracyanocobaltate (II) ion, tetrachlorocobaltate (II) ion, tetracyanocuprate (I) ion, tetrachlorocuprate (II) ion, hexacyanochromium (III) ion, tetrahydroxide zinc(II) acid ion and tetrahydroxide aluminate(III) acid ion.
- ferrocyanide ions may be used.
- a material with better properties is obtained when the anion is a ferrocyanide ion.
- the iron atoms remaining in the n-type thermoelectric conversion element 22 preferably function as an antioxidant. This tends to further suppress changes in physical properties over time and further improve storage stability.
- the anion may contain an iron atom. That is, the coordination compound may contain iron atoms.
- the anion may for example be selected from the group consisting of ferrocyanide, ferricyanide, tetrachloroferrate(III) and tetrachloroferrate(II).
- the anions containing iron atoms may be ferrocyanide ions.
- the content of iron atoms in the n-type thermoelectric conversion element 22 may be 0.001% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less, 0.005% by mass or more and 12% by mass or less, or 0.01% by mass. % or more and 10% by mass or less.
- the content of iron atoms in the n-type thermoelectric conversion element 22 indicates a value measured by ICP emission spectrometry, for example.
- the coordination compound may be a complex salt.
- Complex salts include potassium ferrocyanide, sodium ferrocyanide, potassium ferricyanide, sodium ferricyanide, potassium tetrachloroferrate(III), sodium tetrachloroferrate(III), potassium tetrachloroferrate(II), iron tetrachloro (II) acid sodium and the like.
- the complex salt may be a hydrate.
- Alkali metal cations obtained by dissociation of coordination compounds include sodium ions, potassium ions, and lithium ions.
- the coordination compound may include at least one of a ferrocyanide compound and a ferricyanide compound.
- the cation scavenger is not particularly limited as long as it has the ability to take in cations.
- Examples of cation scavengers include crown ether compounds, cyclodextrin, calixarene, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, porphyrin, phthalocyanine and derivatives thereof.
- the cation scavenger is a crown ether compound.
- Crown ether compounds include 15-crown-5-ether, 18-crown-6-ether, 12-crown-4-ether, benzo-18-crown-6-ether, and benzo-15-crown-5-ether. , benzo-12-crown-4-ether and the like.
- the ring size of the crown ether used as a scavenger is selected, for example, according to the size of the metal ion to be captured.
- the crown ether compound may be an 18-membered ring crown ether.
- the crown ether compound may be a 15-membered ring crown ether.
- the metal ion is a lithium ion
- the crown ether compound may be a 12-membered ring crown ether.
- the crown ether compound may contain a benzene ring.
- the stability of the crown ether compound can be improved.
- crown ether compounds having a benzene ring include benzo-18-crown-6-ether, benzo-15-crown-5-ether and benzo-12-crown-4-ether.
- the molar ratio of the scavenger content C2 to the cation content C1 may be 0.1 or more and 5 or less, 0.3 or more and 3 or less, or 0.5 or more and 2 or less. It's okay.
- Each of the plurality of conductive portions 4 is a conductive portion located on the first main surface 2a and connected to the corresponding thermoelectric conversion group 3.
- Each conductive portion 4 may be a semiconductor instead of a conductor.
- the thickness of each conductive portion 4 is the same as or substantially the same as the thickness T1 of the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 .
- the conductivity of each conductive portion 4 should be equal to or higher than the conductivity of the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 .
- the thermal conductivity of each conductive portion 4 should be equal to or higher than the thermal conductivity of the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 .
- At least part of the plurality of conductive parts 4 may have a single-layer structure or a laminated structure.
- the plurality of conductive parts 4 may have an organic conductive layer and a metal conductive layer positioned on the organic conductive layer.
- the plurality of conductive parts 4 are made of the same material as the p-type thermoelectric conversion elements 21 . Therefore, each conductive portion 4 has the same conductivity type (p-type).
- the plurality of conductive parts 4 have first conductive parts 4a that function as terminals that connect to the external device, and second conductive parts 4b that function as conductive paths that connect adjacent thermoelectric conversion groups 3 to each other.
- the plurality of conductive portions 4 has two first conductive portions 4a, and the two first conductive portions 4a are located in one conductive region R2. Only the second conductive portion 4b is provided in the other conductive region R2.
- the plurality of thermoelectric conversion groups 3 are connected in series with each other via the plurality of second conductive portions 4b. Therefore, when the thermoelectric conversion module 1 is performing thermoelectric conversion, current can flow in series from one first conductive portion 4a to the other first conductive portion 4a.
- one first conductive part 4a located in one conductive region R2 is connected to one end of the first thermoelectric conversion group 3a in the first direction D2, and one second conductive part 4a located in the other conductive region R2
- the conductive portion 4b is connected to the other end of the first thermoelectric conversion group 3a and one end of the second thermoelectric conversion group 3b in the first direction D2.
- the plurality of thermally conductive portions 5 are portions exhibiting higher thermal conductivity than the substrate 2 and are located on the second main surface 2b. At least a part of the plurality of heat conducting parts 5 overlaps the thermoelectric conversion group 3 (that is, the thermoelectric conversion part 11) in the thickness direction D1. More specifically, at least a portion of the plurality of heat conducting portions 5 overlap the ends of the thermoelectric converting portions 11 . On the other hand, each heat conduction part 5 does not overlap the center of the thermoelectric conversion part 11 . Thereby, a temperature gradient inside the thermoelectric conversion unit 11 along the first direction D2 can be favorably generated.
- the plurality of heat conducting portions 5 are spaced apart from each other along the first direction D2 and have a band shape extending along the second direction D3 in plan view.
- each heat conducting portion 5 in a plan view is not particularly limited, it may be, for example, a polygonal shape, a circular shape, an elliptical shape, or the like.
- Each heat conducting portion 5 includes, for example, metal (silver, copper, etc.), carbon, resin (eg, silicone resin, epoxy resin, (meth)acrylic resin), or the like.
- Each heat conducting portion 5 may contain a ceramic such as boron nitride or aluminum nitride that exhibits high thermal conductivity. From the viewpoint of manufacturing efficiency, each heat conducting portion 5 may contain the above resin. In this case, the heat conducting portion 5 may be formed using the resin or a solution containing the resin.
- each heat conducting portion 5 is, for example, 1 W/mK or more and 400 W/mK or less. As a result, when the thermoelectric conversion module 1 is heated, the heat is favorably transferred to the thermoelectric conversion section 11 via the plurality of heat conducting sections 5 .
- each heat conducting portion 5 along the thickness direction D1 is, for example, 50 ⁇ m or more and 2000 ⁇ m or less.
- a width L2 of each heat conducting portion 5 along the first direction D2 is, for example, 0.5 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less. In these cases, the heat conducting function of each heat conducting portion 5 can be satisfactorily exhibited.
- the spacing S along the first direction D2 is the length L1 of the p-type thermoelectric conversion elements 21 in the first direction D2 and the length L1 of the n-type thermoelectric conversion elements 22 in the first direction D2. and is 3 mm or more and 15 mm or less.
- the interval S may be 4 mm or more, 5 mm or more, 6 mm or more, 12 mm or less, 10 mm or less, or 8 mm or less. Alternatively, the spacing S may be less than 12 mm or less than 10 mm.
- the other heat conducting portion 5 adjacent to the portion 5a may be called a second heat conducting portion 5b.
- the first thermally conductive portion 5a overlaps with one end of the first thermoelectric conversion portion 11a in the first direction D2.
- the second heat conducting portion 5b overlaps the other end of the first thermoelectric conversion portion 11a in the first direction D2.
- the first heat conducting portion 5a overlaps the second end portion 22b of the n-type thermoelectric conversion element 22 included in the first thermoelectric converting portion 11a
- the second heat conducting portion 5b overlaps the second end portion 21b of the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 included in the first thermoelectric conversion portion 11a.
- the first heat conducting portion 5a extends from the second end portion 21b of the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 included in the second thermoelectric conversion portion 11b.
- the second heat conducting portion 5b overlaps the second end portion 22b of the n-type thermoelectric conversion element 22 included in the second thermoelectric conversion portion 11b.
- thermoelectric conversion module 1 may further include configurations other than those described above.
- the thermoelectric conversion module 1 may include wiring for electrically connecting other thermoelectric conversion modules, wiring for extracting electric power to an external circuit, and the like.
- thermoelectric conversion module 1 Next, an example of a method for manufacturing the thermoelectric conversion module 1 according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
- FIGS. 3(a) to 3(c), 4(a), 4(b), and 5(a), 5(b) are for explaining the method for manufacturing the thermoelectric conversion module according to the present embodiment. It is a diagram.
- a mask 31 is formed on the first main surface 2a of the substrate 2 prepared in advance (first step).
- a mask 31 is formed on a predetermined region of the first major surface 2a.
- the mask 31 is a resist mask, masking tape, or the like.
- the mask 31 is formed by known patterning.
- the tape is fixed to the predetermined area.
- a first layer 41 is formed on the first main surface 2a (second step).
- a dispersion is dropped onto the first main surface 2a by a known method such as an inkjet method, a dispensing method, a doctor blade method, a screen printing method, a casting method, a dip coating method, a spray coating method, or the like. be done.
- the first layer 41 is formed by drying the dispersion.
- the substrate 2 is heated by placing the substrate 2 on a hot plate set at 25° C. or higher and 90° C. or lower for 10 minutes or longer and 21600 minutes or shorter.
- the dispersion liquid is dried to form the first layer 41 .
- the dispersion liquid may be dried by placing the substrate 2 in a blower dryer for 10 minutes or more and 21600 minutes or less.
- the dispersion used in the second step is, for example, a liquid in which a p-type thermoelectric conversion material is dispersed.
- the dispersion liquid is a liquid in which the carbon nanotubes and the conductive resin are dispersed.
- the content of carbon nanotubes in the dispersion is, for example, 20% by mass or more, 25% by mass or more, 30% by mass or more, or 35% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the conductive resin and carbon nanotubes, and 95% by mass. % or less, 90 mass % or less, 85 mass % or less, or 80 mass % or less. In this case, the electrical conductivity of the first layer 41 tends to increase.
- the total mass concentration of the carbon nanotubes and the conductive resin in the dispersion is, for example, 0.05% by mass or more, 0.06% by mass or more, 0.07% by mass or more, 0.10% by mass or more, 0.10% by mass or more. It is 12% by mass or more, or 0.15% by mass or more.
- the total mass concentration of the carbon nanotubes and the conductive resin in the dispersion may be 10% by mass or less, or 2% by mass or less.
- the dispersion liquid used in the second step is, for example, a mixed liquid formed by mixing a first liquid containing carbon nanotubes and a second liquid containing a conductive resin.
- the first liquid contains, for example, carbon nanotubes and a first solvent.
- the concentration of carbon nanotubes in the first liquid is, for example, 0.01% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less.
- the first solvent may be any solvent capable of dispersing carbon nanotubes, such as a polar liquid or an aqueous solvent.
- the water-based solvent is water or a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent.
- the first solvent may be a protic solvent or an aprotic solvent.
- the first solvent examples include water, alcohols (methanol, ethanol, etc.), amides (N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, etc.), ketones (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, etc.), glycols (ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, etc.), dimethylsulfoxide, acetonitrile, and the like.
- the first solvent may include one or more of the group consisting of water, methanol, ethanol, N-methylpyrrolidone and dimethylsulfoxide, and the first solvent may be water.
- the first liquid may further contain additives such as surfactants and organic binders.
- the second liquid contains, for example, a conductive resin made of PEDOT and PSS (PEDOT/PSS) and a second solvent.
- PEDOT/PSS the content ratio of PEDOT and PSS is not particularly limited.
- the ratio (mass ratio) of PSS to PEDOT is, for example, 1 or more, 1.25 or more, or 1.5 or more, and 30 or less, or 20 or less.
- the second solvent may be any solvent capable of dispersing PEDOT/PSS, such as a polar liquid or an aqueous solvent.
- the second solvent may be a protic solvent or an aprotic solvent. Specific examples of the second solvent are the same as the specific examples of the first solvent.
- the second solvent may contain one or more of the group consisting of water, methanol and ethanol, and the second solvent may be water.
- the second liquid may be an aqueous dispersion of PEDOT/PSS.
- the second solvent may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the second liquid may further contain various additives.
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion layer 42 is formed by immersing the substrate 2 in an organic solvent after removing the mask 31 (third step).
- the mask 31 is a resist mask
- the mask 31 is removed by light, solvent, or the like.
- a solvent or the like that does not affect the dispersion liquid is used.
- the mask 31 is masking tape
- the mask 31 is physically peeled off from the substrate 2 .
- the entire substrate 2 is immersed in the organic solvent dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (immersion treatment).
- DMSO organic solvent dimethylsulfoxide
- the entire substrate 2 is immersed in dimethyl sulfoxide set at room temperature for 1 minute or more and 7200 minutes or less.
- the substrate 2 may be heated from the second main surface 2b side.
- the substrate 2 is heated by placing the substrate 2 on a hot plate set at 25° C. or higher and 90° C. or lower for 10 minutes or longer and 21600 minutes or shorter.
- a patterned p-type thermoelectric conversion layer 42 is formed. A portion of the p-type thermoelectric conversion layer 42 will later become the n-type thermoelectric conversion element 22 . Another portion of the p-type thermoelectric conversion layer 42 will later become the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 . Yet another portion of the p-type thermoelectric conversion layer 42 will later become the conductive portion 4 .
- a plurality of heat conducting portions 5 are formed on the second main surface 2b of the substrate 2 (fourth step).
- a highly thermally conductive material is applied by a known method such as an inkjet method, a dispensing method, a doctor blade method, or a screen printing method.
- a plurality of thermally conductive portions 5 are formed by curing the high thermally conductive material by heating.
- a solution containing a dopant (dopant solution 51) is dropped onto a portion 42a of the p-type thermoelectric conversion layer 42, whereby the above The n-type thermoelectric conversion elements 22 are formed on the part 42a (fifth step).
- a portion 42a of the p-type thermoelectric conversion layer 42 is impregnated with the dopant solution 51 by a known method such as an inkjet method or a dispensing method.
- regions where the dopant solution 51 is dropped and regions where the dopant solution 51 is not dropped are provided alternately.
- the part 42a is changed into the n-type thermoelectric conversion element 22.
- the substrate 2 is heated by placing the substrate 2 on a hot plate set at 25° C. or higher and 90° C. or lower for 10 minutes or longer and 21600 minutes or shorter.
- the dopant solution 51 is thereby dried.
- Solvents contained in the dopant solution 51 are, for example, water, acetonitrile, ethanol, ethylene glycol, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and the like.
- thermoelectric conversion layer 42 The portion of the p-type thermoelectric conversion layer 42 to which the dopant solution 51 is not dropped becomes the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 or the conductive portion 4, as shown in FIG. 5(b).
- a thermoelectric conversion module 1 in which a plurality of thermoelectric conversion units 11 are formed is formed.
- thermoelectric conversion module 1 formed by the manufacturing method according to the present embodiment described above.
- the thermoelectric conversion module 1 has a first heat conducting portion 5a and a second heat conducting portion 5b, and the first heat conducting portion 5a is included in the first thermoelectric converting portion 11a in the thickness direction D1. While overlapping with the second end portion 22b of the n-type thermoelectric conversion element 22 included in the first thermoelectric conversion portion 11a, the second heat conducting portion 5b extends in the thickness direction D1 from the second end portion 22b of the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 included in the first thermoelectric conversion portion 11a. It overlaps the edge 21b.
- the distance S between the first heat conducting portion 5a and the second heat conducting portion 5b in the first direction D2 is equal to the length L1 of the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 in the first direction D2 and It is longer than the length of the n-type thermoelectric conversion element 22 .
- each of the first thermally conductive portion 5a and the second thermally conductive portion 5b overlaps both ends of the first thermoelectric conversion portion 11a in the thickness direction D1, while at the center of the first thermoelectric conversion portion 11a Do not overlap. Therefore, for example, by heating the first heat conducting portion 5a and the second heat conducting portion 5b, an internal temperature difference can be generated between the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 and the n-type thermoelectric conversion element 22, respectively.
- the spacing S is 3 mm or more and 15 mm or less
- the thickness T1 of the p-type thermoelectric conversion elements 21 (and the thickness of the n-type thermoelectric conversion elements 22) is 3 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness T1 of the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 may be 5 ⁇ m or more and 25 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness T1 of the p-type thermoelectric conversion element 21 may be 5 ⁇ m or more and 25 ⁇ m or less, and the interval S may be 3 mm or more and less than 12 mm. In these cases, it is possible to further improve the output per unit area of the thermoelectric conversion module 1 .
- the width L2 of each heat conducting portion 5 along the first direction D2 may be 0.5 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less. In this case, the heat transfer performance of each heat conducting portion 5 can be exhibited satisfactorily, and the internal temperature difference of the thermoelectric converting portion 11 can be increased.
- each of the substrate 2, the thermoelectric conversion section 11, and the heat conduction section 5 may exhibit flexibility.
- the thermoelectric conversion module 1 can be easily provided along the surface of the cylindrical pipe. That is, it is possible to relax restrictions on the mounting location of the thermoelectric conversion module 1 .
- the portion 42a of the p-type thermoelectric conversion layer 42 is made into the n-type thermoelectric conversion element 22 by dropping the dopant solution 51 onto the portion 42a.
- the contact resistance between the p-type thermoelectric conversion elements 21 and the n-type thermoelectric conversion elements 22 can be favorably reduced.
- the dopant solution 51 is dropped after the heat conducting portion 5 is formed. This makes it difficult for the material contained in the dopant solution 51 to deteriorate due to heating or the like.
- thermoelectric conversion module and manufacturing method thereof are not limited to the above embodiments, and various other modifications are possible.
- the thermoelectric conversion elements are exposed on the first main surface, but the invention is not limited to this.
- the thermoelectric conversion element may be covered with a resin sealing layer or the like.
- an insulator may be provided between two adjacent thermoelectric conversion groups. In this case, from the viewpoint of maintaining the internal temperature difference of the thermoelectric conversion element, the thermal conductivity of the insulator may be low.
- an insulator may be provided between two adjacent heat conducting portions.
- the thermal conductivity of the insulator may be low.
- Example 1 ⁇ Dispersion> 80 g of a carbon nanotube dispersion (concentration: 0.2% by mass, G/D ratio: 41, water dispersion, single-walled carbon nanotube, diameter 0.9 to 1.7 nm) was added to a carbon nanotube concentration of 0.4% by mass. Concentrated by vacuum until . Subsequently, 3.6 g of a PEDOT/PSS aqueous dispersion ("Clevious (registered trademark) PH1000" manufactured by Heraeus Co., Ltd., solid content concentration: 1.2% by mass) and a concentrated carbon nanotube dispersion are added to the three-one motor ( "PM203 type” manufactured by AS ONE Co., Ltd.) was sufficiently stirred (stirring time: 30 minutes).
- a PEDOT/PSS aqueous dispersion (“Clevious (registered trademark) PH1000” manufactured by Heraeus Co., Ltd., solid content concentration: 1.2% by mass)
- a concentrated carbon nanotube dispersion are added to
- the stirred liquid was sufficiently degassed with a rotation-revolution mixer (Thinky Co., Ltd. "Awatori Mixer ARE-310”) (processing time: 3 minutes).
- a dispersion having a carbon nanotube content of 75% by mass with respect to the total amount of PEDOT/PSS and carbon nanotubes was prepared.
- the viscosity of the dispersion at a shear rate of 0.01 s ⁇ 1 was 1320000 mPa ⁇ sec.
- the viscosity of the dispersion was measured using a rheometer ("MCR302" (product name) manufactured by Anton Paar). The measurement conditions were temperature: 25° C., plate: ⁇ 25 mm parallel plate, gap: 1 mm.
- a dopant solution was prepared by dissolving 0.32 g of potassium ferrocyanide trihydrate and 0.94 g of benzo-18-crown-6-ether in 15 mL of ultrapure water. In the dopant solution, the concentrations of potassium ions and benzo-18 crown-6-ether were each 0.2M.
- ⁇ Substrate> A double-faced tape (manufactured by Nichiban Co., Ltd., Nicetak weak adhesive type) was attached to the four sides of a 100 mm square glass plate. Further, spray glue (regular series S/N 55, manufactured by 3M Japan Co., Ltd.) was applied to the glass plate. Also, a 100 mm square polyimide film (manufactured by DuPont-Toray Co., Ltd., Kapton H type, film thickness 25 ⁇ m, thermal conductivity 0.16 W/mK) was prepared as a base material. Subsequently, after peeling off the protective sheet of the double-sided tape attached to the glass plate, a polyimide film was attached to the glass plate.
- spray glue regular series S/N 55, manufactured by 3M Japan Co., Ltd.
- a 100 mm square polyimide film manufactured by DuPont-Toray Co., Ltd., Kapton H type, film thickness 25 ⁇ m, thermal conductivity 0.16 W/mK
- the polyimide film was washed with acetone.
- a masking tape manufactured by Eyes Project Co., Ltd., micron masking tape width 1 mm
- a polyimide tape was used to attach the polyimide film and the peripheral portion of the glass plate.
- thermoelectric conversion module> After the above dispersion was dropped onto the polyimide film, it was coated using a doctor blade with a gap of 2.8 mm. Subsequently, the laminate coated with the dispersion was placed in a blower dryer set at 60° C. for 3 hours. This formed a composite membrane with a thickness of 62 ⁇ m on the polyimide film.
- the composite film is provided on both the thermoelectric conversion region on which the thermoelectric conversion element is provided later on the polyimide film and the conductive region on which the conductive portion is provided later on the polyimide film. Then the masking tape was removed. This patterned the composite membrane. In the thermoelectric conversion region, the composite film is patterned in stripes.
- a high-precision digimatic micrometer (MDH-25MB manufactured by Mitutoyo Co., Ltd.) was used to measure the thickness of the composite film. Specifically, the thickness of the portion provided with the composite film and the thickness of the portion not provided with the composite film (portion of only the polyimide film) were measured, and the difference between the two was taken as the thickness of the composite film.
- thermoelectric conversion layer was formed on the first main surface of the polyimide film.
- the thickness of the p-type thermoelectric conversion layer was 14.7 ⁇ m.
- the polyimide film was fixed on the glass plate with the p-type thermoelectric conversion layer facing the glass plate.
- a high thermal conductive material (Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., G-789) is used, using a dispenser "AD3000C” manufactured by Iwashita Engineering and a desktop robot "EzROBO-5GX”. coated.
- the interval between the nozzle positions from which the high heat conductive material is discharged was set to 7 mm, and the coating was performed while moving the nozzle along the second direction. As a result, a plurality of strip-shaped high thermal conductive materials were coated on the second main surface.
- the substrate was placed on a hot plate set at 120° C. for 60 minutes. Thereby, a plurality of heat conducting portions were formed.
- the width of the heat-conducting parts was 1 mm, and the distance between the heat-conducting parts in the second direction perpendicular to the first direction was 6 mm.
- the direction in which each heat conducting part extends is orthogonal to the extending direction of the p-type thermoelectric conversion layer provided in the thermoelectric conversion region.
- Example 1 the polyimide film was fixed on the glass plate with the heat-conducting portion facing the glass plate. Subsequently, the glass plate was placed on a hot plate set at 60°C. Subsequently, a dopant solution was dropped onto a portion of the p-type thermoelectric conversion layer that functions as a thermoelectric conversion element.
- the dopant solution was dropped in an area having a width of 10 mm and a length of 3.5 mm. Subsequently, the dopant solution was dropped in a range of 10 mm in width and 3.5 mm in length, leaving an interval of 3.5 mm in length. By repeating this dropping operation, the regions where the dopant solution was dropped and the regions where it was not dropped were arranged alternately.
- thermoelectric conversion elements and 80 n-type thermoelectric conversion elements were formed on the polyimide film. That is, a total of 160 thermoelectric conversion elements were formed on the polyimide film. Therefore, a total of 80 thermoelectric conversion units each including one p-type thermoelectric conversion element and one n-type thermoelectric conversion element are formed. An end portion of each thermoelectric conversion portion overlaps the heat conduction portion, and at least the center of each thermoelectric conversion portion does not overlap the heat conduction portion.
- the area occupied by the thermoelectric conversion element on the polyimide film was 56 cm 2 .
- the area occupied by the two conductive regions R2 on the polyimide film was 17.4 cm 2 .
- thermoelectric conversion element was dried for 30 minutes while being placed on the hot plate. Subsequently, the polyimide film was placed in a blower dryer set at 100° C. for 60 minutes. As described above, a thermoelectric conversion module in which p-type thermoelectric conversion elements and n-type thermoelectric conversion elements are alternately arranged in series connection was produced. The thermal conductivity of the p-type thermoelectric conversion element in the in-plane direction was 32 W/mK.
- Example 2 A thermoelectric conversion module was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the gap between the doctor blades was 4.0 mm. Each parameter in Example 2 is shown in Table 1 below.
- thermoelectric conversion module was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the gap of the doctor blade was set to 2.0 mm.
- Each parameter in Example 3 is shown in Table 1 below.
- thermoelectric conversion module was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the gap of the doctor blade was set to 1.1 mm.
- Each parameter in Example 4 is shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 5 Example 1 except that the nozzle position interval was 5 mm, the dopant solution dropping range was 10 mm wide and 2.5 mm long, and the number of thermoelectric conversion elements on the polyimide film was 224. A thermoelectric conversion module was formed in the same manner. Each parameter in Example 5 is shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 6 Example 1 except that the nozzle position interval was 11 mm, the dopant solution dropping range was 10 mm wide and 5.5 mm long, and the number of thermoelectric conversion elements on the polyimide film was 96. A thermoelectric conversion module was formed in the same manner. Each parameter in Example 6 is shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 1 Example 1 except that the nozzle position interval was 17 mm, the dopant solution dropping range was 10 mm wide and 8.5 mm long, and the number of thermoelectric conversion elements on the polyimide film was 64. A thermoelectric conversion module was formed in the same manner. Each parameter in Comparative Example 1 is shown in Table 2 below.
- thermoelectric conversion module 2 Same as Example 1 except that the nozzle position interval was 3 mm, the dopant solution dropping range was 10 mm wide and 1.5 mm long, and the number of thermoelectric conversion elements on the polyimide film was 368. to form a thermoelectric conversion module.
- Each parameter in Comparative Example 2 is shown in Table 2 below.
- thermoelectric conversion module was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the gap of the doctor blade was set to 0.2 mm.
- Each parameter in Comparative Example 3 is shown in Table 2 below.
- Comparative Example 4 The amount of the carbon nanotube dispersion used was 150 g, the amount of the PEDOT/PSS aqueous dispersion was 6 g, the gap of the doctor blade was 3.5 mm, and the prepared dispersion was repeatedly applied three times. A thermoelectric conversion module was formed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the process was repeated three times. Each parameter in Comparative Example 4 is shown in Table 2 below.
- thermoelectric conversion module Power generation evaluation of thermoelectric conversion module
- the heat conducting portions of the thermoelectric conversion modules of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were brought into contact with a 100° C. hot plate. Thereby, a temperature difference was generated in each thermoelectric conversion element. Then, the resistance value, open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, maximum output, and maximum output density per unit area of the thermoelectric conversion element of each thermoelectric conversion module were measured using a source meter ("Keithley 2612B" manufactured by Tektronix). evaluated.
- thermoelectric conversion element of the thermoelectric conversion module of Comparative Example 1 When each of the resistance value, the open-circuit voltage, the short-circuit current, the maximum output, and the maximum output density per unit area of the thermoelectric conversion element of the thermoelectric conversion module of Comparative Example 1 is set to 100, the evaluation of Examples 1 to 6 The results are shown in Table 3 below. The evaluation results of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are shown in Table 4 below.
- the open-circuit voltages of Examples 1 to 6 were all higher than Comparative Example 1, about 1.4 times or more. Moreover, the open-circuit voltages of Examples 2 to 4 were all about 2.1 times or more that of Comparative Example 1. The short-circuit currents of Examples 1 to 6 were all higher than that of Comparative Example 1. Moreover, the short-circuit currents of Examples 1 to 3 and 5 were all about 1.5 times or more that of Comparative Example 1. On the other hand, the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of Comparative Examples 2 to 4 were all equal to or lower than that of Comparative Example 1. High values of both open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current are advantageous for practical use as a power supply. Therefore, it can be seen that Examples 1-6 are more practical as power sources than Comparative Examples 1-4.
- the maximum output and maximum output density of Examples 1 to 6 were all higher than Comparative Example 1, approximately twice or more. Further, the maximum output of Examples 1, 3, 4 and 5 is about 2.8 times or more the maximum output of Comparative Example 1, and the maximum output density of Examples 1, 3, 4 and 5 is the same as that of Comparative Example 1. was about 2.5 times or more the maximum output density of On the other hand, the maximum output and the maximum output density of Comparative Examples 2 to 4 were all equal to or lower than that of Comparative Example 1. These results also show that Examples 1-6 are more useful than Comparative Examples 1-4.
- Thermoelectric conversion module 2 ... Substrate 2a... First main surface 2b... Second main surface 3... Thermoelectric conversion group 3a... First thermoelectric conversion group 3b... Second thermoelectric conversion group 4... Conductive part , 4a... First conductive part, 4b... Second conductive part, 5... Thermal conductive part, 5a... First thermal conductive part, 5b... Second thermal conductive part, 11... Thermoelectric conversion part, 11a... First thermoelectric conversion part , 11b... second thermoelectric conversion part, 21... p-type thermoelectric conversion element, 21a... first end, 21b... second end, 22... n-type thermoelectric conversion element, 22a... first end, 22b... second Edge, D1... thickness direction, D2... first direction, D3... second direction, L1... length, L2... width, S... interval, R1... thermoelectric conversion area, R2... conductive area, T1... thickness, T2... Length.
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Abstract
Description
[1]第1主面、及び第1主面の反対側に位置する第2主面を有する基板と、第1主面上に位置する熱電変換部と、第2主面上に位置し、基板の厚さ方向に直交する第1方向に沿って隣り合う第1熱伝導部及び第2熱伝導部と、を備え、熱電変換部は、第1方向に沿って並ぶp型熱電変換素子及びn型熱電変換素子を有し、第1方向におけるp型熱電変換素子の第1端部は、第1方向におけるn型熱電変換素子の第1端部と接触し、厚さ方向にて、第1熱伝導部は、第1方向におけるp型熱電変換素子の第2端部に重なり、厚さ方向にて、第2熱伝導部は、第1方向におけるn型熱電変換素子の第2端部に重なり、p型熱電変換素子とn型熱電変換素子とのそれぞれの厚さは、3μm以上30μm以下であり、第1方向における第1熱伝導部と第2熱伝導部との間隔は、第1方向におけるp型熱電変換素子の長さ、及び、第1方向におけるn型熱電変換素子の長さよりも大きく、3mm以上15mm以下である、熱電変換モジュール。
[2]p型熱電変換素子とn型熱電変換素子とのそれぞれの厚さは、5μm以上25μm以下である、[1]に記載の熱電変換モジュール。
[3]p型熱電変換素子とn型熱電変換素子とのそれぞれの厚さは、5μm以上25μm以下であり、第1方向における第1熱伝導部と第2熱伝導部との間隔は、3mm以上12mm未満である、[1]又は[2]に記載の熱電変換モジュール。
[4]第1主面上に位置し、熱電変換部を有する第1熱電変換群と、第1主面上に位置し、厚さ方向及び第1方向に直交する第2方向に沿って第1熱電変換群に隣り合う第2熱電変換群と、をさらに備え、第2熱電変換群は、第2方向に沿って熱電変換部に隣り合う第2熱電変換部を有し、第2熱電変換部は、第1方向に沿って並ぶ第2p型熱電変換素子及び第2n型熱電変換素子を有し、第1方向における第2p型熱電変換素子の第1端部は、第1方向における第2n型熱電変換素子の第1端部と接触し、第1熱伝導部と第2熱伝導部とのそれぞれは、第2方向に沿って延在し、厚さ方向にて、第1熱伝導部は、第1方向における第2熱電変換部に含まれる第2n型熱電変換素子の第2端部に重なり、厚さ方向にて、第2熱伝導部は、第1方向における第2熱電変換部に含まれる第2p型熱電変換素子の第2端部に重なる、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の熱電変換モジュール。
[5]第1主面上に位置し、第1方向における第1熱電変換群の一端に接続される第1導電部と、第1主面上に位置し、第1方向における第1熱電変換群の他端及び第1方向における第2熱電変換群の一端に接続される第2導電部と、をさらに備え、第1導電部と、第2導電部とのそれぞれの導電型は、同一である、[4]に記載の熱電変換モジュール。
[6]第1熱伝導部及び第2熱伝導部のそれぞれの前記第1方向に沿った幅は、0.5mm以上2.0mm以下である、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の熱電変換モジュール。
[7]p型熱電変換素子は、カーボンナノチューブと、導電性樹脂とを含み、n型熱電変換素子は、カーボンナノチューブと、導電性樹脂と、クラウンエーテル系化合物と、鉄原子を含む配位化合物と、を含む、[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の熱電変換モジュール。
[8]クラウンエーテル系化合物は、ベンゼン環を有する、[7]に記載の熱電変換モジュール。
[9]配位化合物は、フェロシアン化合物及びフェリシアン化合物の少なくとも一方を含む、[7]または[8]に記載の熱電変換モジュール。
[10]基板と、第1熱電変換部と、第2熱電変換部と、第1熱伝導部と、第2熱伝導部とのそれぞれは、可撓性を示す、[1]~[9]のいずれかに記載の熱電変換モジュール。
[11]基板の第1主面上にマスクを形成する第1工程と、第1主面上に、p型の熱電変換材料を含む第1層を形成する第2工程と、マスクを除去した後に基板を有機溶剤に浸漬させることによって、第1方向に沿って延在する熱電変換層を形成する第3工程と、第3工程後、複数の熱伝導部を基板の第2主面上に形成する第4工程と、第4工程後、熱電変換層の一部にドーパント溶液を滴下することによって、当該一部にn型熱電変換素子を形成する第5工程と、を備える、[1]~[10]のいずれかに記載の熱電変換モジュールの製造方法。
<分散液>
カーボンナノチューブ分散液(濃度:0.2質量%、G/D比:41、水分散液、単層カーボンナノチューブ、直径0.9~1.7nm)80gを、カーボンナノチューブ濃度が0.4質量%になるまで、真空引きにより濃縮した。続いて、PEDOT/PSS水分散液(ヘレウス株式会社製「Clevious(登録商標) PH1000」、固形分濃度:1.2質量%)3.6gと、濃縮したカーボンナノチューブ分散液とを、スリーワンモーター(アズワン株式会社製「PM203型」)で十分に撹拌した(撹拌時間:30分間)。続いて、自転公転式ミキサー(株式会社シンキー製「あわとり練太郎 ARE-310」)で、撹拌した液体を十分に脱泡した(処理時間:3分間)。これにより、PEDOT/PSS及びカーボンナノチューブの合計量に対するカーボンナノチューブの含有量が75質量%である分散液を調製した。せん断速度0.01s-1における当該分散液の粘度は、1320000mPa・secだった。分散液の粘度は、レオメータ(Anton Paar社製「MCR302」(製品名))を用いて、測定した。測定条件は、温度:25℃、プレート:φ25mmパラレルプレート、ギャップ:1mmとした。
超純水15mLにフェロシアン化カリウム三水和物0.32gとベンゾ-18-クラウン-6-エーテル0.94gを溶解させることによって、ドーパント溶液とした。ドーパント溶液において、カリウムイオンとベンゾ-18クラウン-6-エーテルとの濃度は、それぞれ0.2Mとした。
100mm角のガラス板の四辺に両面テープ(ニチバン株式会社製、ナイスタック弱粘着タイプ)を貼り付けた。さらに、スプレーのり(スリーエムジャパン株式会社製、レギュラーシリーズ S/N 55)をガラス板に塗布した。また、基材として、100mm角のポリイミドフィルム(東レ・デュポン株式会社製、カプトンHタイプ、膜厚25μm、熱伝導率0.16W/mK)を準備した。続いて、上記ガラス板に貼り付けられた両面テープの保護シートを剥離した後、ポリイミドフィルムを上記ガラス板に貼り付けた。続いて、ポリイミドフィルムをアセトンで洗浄した。続いて、上記ポリイミドフィルム上の所定位置にマスキングテープ(アイズプロジェクト株式会社製、ミクロンマスキングテープ幅1mm)を貼り付けた。また、上記ポリイミドフィルムとガラス板の周縁部分に、ポリイミドテープを用いて貼り付けた。これにより、基板として機能するポリイミドフィルムとガラス板との積層体を形成した。
ポリイミドフィルム上に上記分散液を滴下した後、ギャップ2.8mmのドクターブレードを用いて塗工した。続いて、分散液を塗工した積層体を、60℃に設定した送風乾燥機に3時間収容した。これにより、厚さ62μmの複合膜をポリイミドフィルム上に形成した。複合膜は、ポリイミドフィルム上において後に熱電変換素子が設けられる熱電変換領域と、ポリイミドフィルム上において後に導電部が設けられる導電領域との両方に設けられる。そして、マスキングテープを除去した。これにより、複合膜をパターニングした。熱電変換領域では、複合膜がストライプ状にパターニングされる。
ドクターブレードのギャップを4.0mmとしたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、熱電変換モジュールを形成した。実施例2における各パラメータは、下記表1に示される。
ドクターブレードのギャップを2.0mmとしたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、熱電変換モジュールを形成した。実施例3における各パラメータは、下記表1に示される。
ドクターブレードのギャップを1.1mmとしたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、熱電変換モジュールを形成した。実施例4における各パラメータは、下記表1に示される。
ノズル位置の間隔を5mmとしたこと、ドーパント溶液の滴下範囲を幅10mm、長さ2.5mmとしたこと、及びポリイミドフィルム上における熱電変換素子の数を224個としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、熱電変換モジュールを形成した。実施例5における各パラメータは、下記表1に示される。
ノズル位置の間隔を11mmとしたこと、ドーパント溶液の滴下範囲を幅10mm、長さ5.5mmとしたこと、及びポリイミドフィルム上における熱電変換素子の数を96個としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、熱電変換モジュールを形成した。実施例6における各パラメータは、下記表1に示される。
ノズル位置の間隔を17mmとしたこと、ドーパント溶液の滴下範囲を幅10mm、長さ8.5mmとしたこと、及びポリイミドフィルム上における熱電変換素子の数を64個としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、熱電変換モジュールを形成した。比較例1における各パラメータは、下記表2に示される。
ノズル位置の間隔を3mmとしたこと、ドーパント溶液の滴下範囲を幅10mm、長1.5mmとしたこと、及びポリイミドフィルム上における熱電変換素子の数を368個としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、熱電変換モジュールを形成した。比較例2における各パラメータは、下記表2に示される。
ドクターブレードのギャップを0.2mmとしたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、熱電変換モジュールを形成した。比較例3における各パラメータは、下記表2に示される。
使用するカーボンナノチューブ分散液の量を150g、PEDOT/PSS水分散液の量を6gとしたこと、ドクターブレードのギャップを3.5mmとしたこと、及び作製した分散液を3回にわけて繰り返し塗工を3回繰り返し行ったこと以外は実施例1と同様に、熱電変換モジュールを形成した。比較例4における各パラメータは、下記表2に示される。
実施例1~6及び比較例1~4の熱電変換モジュールの熱伝導部を、100℃のホットプレートに接触させた。これにより、各熱電変換素子内に温度差を生じさせた。そして、各熱電変換モジュールの抵抗値と、開放電圧と、短絡電流と、最大出力と、熱電変換素子単位面積あたりの最大出力密度とを、ソースメータ(テクトロニクス社製「Keithley 2612B」)を用いて評価した。比較例1の熱電変換モジュールの抵抗値と、開放電圧と、短絡電流と、最大出力と、熱電変換素子単位面積あたりの最大出力密度とのそれぞれを100としたとき、実施例1~6の評価結果を下記表3に示す。また、比較例1~4の評価結果を下記表4に示す。
Claims (11)
- 第1主面、及び前記第1主面の反対側に位置する第2主面を有する基板と、
前記第1主面上に位置する熱電変換部と、
前記第2主面上に位置し、前記基板の厚さ方向に直交する第1方向に沿って隣り合う第1熱伝導部及び第2熱伝導部と、を備え、
前記熱電変換部は、前記第1方向に沿って並ぶp型熱電変換素子及びn型熱電変換素子を有し、
前記第1方向における前記p型熱電変換素子の第1端部は、前記第1方向における前記n型熱電変換素子の第1端部と接触し、
前記厚さ方向にて、前記第1熱伝導部は、前記第1方向における前記p型熱電変換素子の第2端部に重なり、
前記厚さ方向にて、前記第2熱伝導部は、前記第1方向における前記n型熱電変換素子の第2端部に重なり、
前記p型熱電変換素子と前記n型熱電変換素子とのそれぞれの厚さは、3μm以上30μm以下であり、
前記第1方向における前記第1熱伝導部と前記第2熱伝導部との間隔は、前記第1方向における前記p型熱電変換素子の長さ、及び、前記第1方向における前記n型熱電変換素子の長さよりも大きく、3mm以上15mm以下である、
熱電変換モジュール。 - 前記p型熱電変換素子と前記n型熱電変換素子とのそれぞれの厚さは、5μm以上25μm以下である、請求項1に記載の熱電変換モジュール。
- 前記p型熱電変換素子と前記n型熱電変換素子とのそれぞれの厚さは、5μm以上25μm以下であり、
前記第1方向における前記第1熱伝導部と前記第2熱伝導部との間隔は、3mm以上12mm未満である、請求項1または2に記載の熱電変換モジュール。 - 前記第1主面上に位置し、前記熱電変換部を有する第1熱電変換群と、
前記第1主面上に位置し、前記厚さ方向及び前記第1方向に直交する第2方向に沿って前記第1熱電変換群に隣り合う第2熱電変換群と、をさらに備え、
前記第2熱電変換群は、前記第2方向に沿って前記熱電変換部に隣り合う第2熱電変換部を有し、
前記第2熱電変換部は、前記第1方向に沿って並ぶ第2p型熱電変換素子及び第2n型熱電変換素子を有し、
前記第1方向における前記第2p型熱電変換素子の第1端部は、前記第1方向における前記第2n型熱電変換素子の第1端部と接触し、
前記第1熱伝導部と前記第2熱伝導部とのそれぞれは、前記第2方向に沿って延在し、
前記厚さ方向にて、前記第1熱伝導部は、前記第1方向における前記第2熱電変換部に含まれる前記第2n型熱電変換素子の第2端部に重なり、
前記厚さ方向にて、前記第2熱伝導部は、前記第1方向における前記第2熱電変換部に含まれる前記第2p型熱電変換素子の第2端部に重なる、請求項1または2に記載の熱電変換モジュール。 - 前記第1主面上に位置し、前記第1方向における前記第1熱電変換群の一端に接続される第1導電部と、
前記第1主面上に位置し、前記第1方向における前記第1熱電変換群の他端及び前記第1方向における前記第2熱電変換群の一端に接続される第2導電部と、をさらに備え、
前記第1導電部と、前記第2導電部とのそれぞれの導電型は、同一である、請求項4に記載の熱電変換モジュール。 - 前記第1熱伝導部と前記第2熱伝導部とのそれぞれの前記第1方向に沿った幅は、0.5mm以上2.0mm以下である、請求項1または2に記載の熱電変換モジュール。
- 前記p型熱電変換素子は、カーボンナノチューブと、導電性樹脂とを含み、
前記n型熱電変換素子は、前記カーボンナノチューブと、前記導電性樹脂と、クラウンエーテル系化合物と、鉄原子を含む配位化合物と、を含む、請求項1または2に記載の熱電変換モジュール。 - 前記クラウンエーテル系化合物は、ベンゼン環を有する、請求項7に記載の熱電変換モジュール。
- 前記配位化合物は、フェロシアン化合物及びフェリシアン化合物の少なくとも一方を含む、請求項7に記載の熱電変換モジュール。
- 前記基板と、前記熱電変換部と、前記第1熱伝導部と、前記第2熱伝導部とのそれぞれは、可撓性を示す、請求項1または2に記載の熱電変換モジュール。
- 請求項1または2に記載の熱電変換モジュールの製造方法であって、前記基板の前記第1主面上にマスクを形成する第1工程と、
前記第1主面上に、p型の熱電変換材料を含む第1層を形成する第2工程と、
前記マスクを除去した後に前記基板を有機溶剤に浸漬させることによって、p型熱電変換層を形成する第3工程と、
前記第3工程後、前記基板の第2主面上に前記第1熱伝導部及び前記第2熱伝導部を形成する第4工程と、
前記第4工程後、前記p型熱電変換層の一部にドーパント溶液を滴下することによって、当該一部に前記n型熱電変換素子を形成する第5工程と、を備える熱電変換モジュールの製造方法。
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