WO2023017603A1 - フェノール樹脂発泡体 - Google Patents
フェノール樹脂発泡体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023017603A1 WO2023017603A1 PCT/JP2021/029750 JP2021029750W WO2023017603A1 WO 2023017603 A1 WO2023017603 A1 WO 2023017603A1 JP 2021029750 W JP2021029750 W JP 2021029750W WO 2023017603 A1 WO2023017603 A1 WO 2023017603A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- phenolic resin
- resin foam
- metal compound
- foam
- mass
- Prior art date
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- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 215
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 148
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 176
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 173
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 48
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 54
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 38
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 36
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 15
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 14
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- -1 polyoxyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 10
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C\C(F)(F)F CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)\C=C\Cl LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- LJCFOYOSGPHIOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony pentoxide Chemical compound O=[Sb](=O)O[Sb](=O)=O LJCFOYOSGPHIOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CRSOQBOWXPBRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C CRSOQBOWXPBRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CQRYARSYNCAZFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1O CQRYARSYNCAZFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WHOZNOZYMBRCBL-OUKQBFOZSA-N (2E)-2-Tetradecenal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C=O WHOZNOZYMBRCBL-OUKQBFOZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JIRHAGAOHOYLNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methanol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(CO)C=C1OC1CCCC1 JIRHAGAOHOYLNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HNRMPXKDFBEGFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylbutane Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C HNRMPXKDFBEGFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene Chemical compound FC(=C)C(F)(F)F FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZFFMLCVRJBZUDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbutane Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)C ZFFMLCVRJBZUDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQISUJXQFPPARX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)=C OQISUJXQFPPARX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEORPZCZECFIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=C1 VEORPZCZECFIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical class [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMPVIKIVABFJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclobutane Chemical compound C1CCC1 PMPVIKIVABFJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940058905 antimony compound for treatment of leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000001463 antimony compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- WHHGLZMJPXIBIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N decabromodiphenyl ether Chemical compound BrC1=C(Br)C(Br)=C(Br)C(Br)=C1OC1=C(Br)C(Br)=C(Br)C(Br)=C1Br WHHGLZMJPXIBIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 238000013007 heat curing Methods 0.000 description 2
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011160 magnesium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJIFKLIQANRMOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidanium;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound O.CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 KJIFKLIQANRMOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940044654 phenolsulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 2
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004846 x-ray emission Methods 0.000 description 2
- NLOLSXYRJFEOTA-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)\C=C\C(F)(F)F NLOLSXYRJFEOTA-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNWJILFKWURCIR-UPHRSURJSA-N (e)-1-chloro-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C(Cl)=C/C(F)(F)F PNWJILFKWURCIR-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZHJBJVPTRJNNIK-UPHRSURJSA-N (z)-1,2-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(\Cl)=C\Cl ZHJBJVPTRJNNIK-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CVMVAHSMKGITAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoropent-2-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=CC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F CVMVAHSMKGITAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSSVZVNYQIGOJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trichloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl QSSVZVNYQIGOJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAERDLQYXMEHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)=CC(F)(F)F QAERDLQYXMEHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISCYUDAHBJMFNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=C(Cl)Cl ISCYUDAHBJMFNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGUQBEGFRUTZFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1,2,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FCC(F)=C(F)Cl FGUQBEGFRUTZFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SEXCLMKCCLUUKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)C=C(F)Cl SEXCLMKCCLUUKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDPWRLVSJWKGPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound ClC=C(F)C(F)(F)F GDPWRLVSJWKGPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USCSECLOSDIOTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)=CCl USCSECLOSDIOTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAOGXBHBKZGVGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3-trichloro-3-fluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)=C IAOGXBHBKZGVGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAPGBTZUBKUKOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dichloro-3,3-difluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(Cl)=C IAPGBTZUBKUKOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZTWWVBZLLQHRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1,1,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FCC(Cl)=C(F)F UZTWWVBZLLQHRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEFKUHVUFVKRMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound ClC(=CF)C(F)F IEFKUHVUFVKRMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYEJMVLDXAUOPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O CYEJMVLDXAUOPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=C FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFIDRWZHRKKSAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-1,1,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(Cl)C=C(F)F FFIDRWZHRKKSAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UAHVVXPNJLRMPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-1,2,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC=C(F)C(F)Cl UAHVVXPNJLRMPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTOPKRLXDFCFGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(=C)C(F)(F)Cl VTOPKRLXDFCFGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005682 EO-PO block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001361 White metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940092714 benzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011489 building insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013844 butane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930003836 cresol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940060296 dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009422 external insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004619 high density foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ULYZAYCEDJDHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropyl chloride Chemical compound CC(C)Cl ULYZAYCEDJDHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011817 metal compound particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVJSUAQZOZWCKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 BVJSUAQZOZWCKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019809 paraffin wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000005498 phthalate group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001992 poloxamer 407 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010969 white metal Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0066—Use of inorganic compounding ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
- C08J2205/04—Foams characterised by their properties characterised by the foam pores
- C08J2205/052—Closed cells, i.e. more than 50% of the pores are closed
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2361/00—Characterised by the use of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2361/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a phenolic resin foam that has excellent alkali resistance and is suitable for use as a building heat insulating material in a concrete driving method such as a wet external heat insulation method.
- glass wool and foamed resin moldings have been widely used as building insulation materials.
- Two types of exterior insulation methods are known: a dry exterior insulation method and a wet exterior insulation method, and inexpensive glass wool has been mainly used for the dry exterior insulation method.
- glass wool absorbs moisture in the wall and becomes heavy, it cannot maintain its shape and falls downward, making it difficult to maintain its shape for a long period of time. I had a problem.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a wet external heat insulation method in which a mortar layer is provided on an insulation board made of a foamed resin molding or the like, a glass fiber mesh is arranged, and mortar is provided on the surface.
- a glass fiber mesh is used as a mesh in which a mortar layer is provided on the heat insulating material.
- a glass fiber mesh By arranging the glass fiber mesh, it is possible to prevent the insulation and the mortar layer on it from coming off.
- the strength of the glass fiber mesh itself is insufficient, or the strength of the glass fiber mesh may decrease due to alkali components from the mortar, and the mortar layer may peel off over the long term.
- Phenolic resin foam has been used as a heat insulating material for building applications for reasons such as flame retardancy and long-term insulation performance maintenance.
- phenolic resin foams preferably have higher alkali resistance under severe use conditions, where the alkali concentration is relatively high and the temperature and humidity are high. Under such conditions, when mortar is directly laminated on the phenolic resin foam, there is a risk that the mortar will come off after construction due to a decrease in the strength of the phenolic resin foam itself.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method for reducing water absorption by adding a specific metal salt to a phenolic resin foam.
- Patent Document 2 discloses calcium carbonate as a metal salt to be added to the phenolic resin foam.
- the abundance of calcium carbonate in the surface layer of the phenolic resin foam is insufficient, deterioration due to alkali is sufficiently suppressed. I had a problem that I could't do it.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a phenolic resin foam having excellent heat insulating properties while improving the alkali resistance of the surface layer of the phenolic resin foam.
- the present inventors added a specific metal compound to a phenol resin, especially by increasing the content of the metal compound in the outermost layer that is in contact with an alkali, thereby improving the conventional phenol.
- the present inventors have found a method for maintaining excellent heat insulating performance while improving the alkali resistance compared to resin foams, and have completed the present invention.
- the present invention which has been made to solve the above problems, is as follows.
- the content of the metal compound in the outermost layer of the phenol resin foam is 0.5 to 25.0%.
- the content of the metal compound in the central layer of the phenol resin foam is 0.5 to 15.0%.
- the phenolic resin foam has an average cell diameter of 50 to 120 ⁇ m in a cross section taken parallel to the outermost layer at a position 5 mm in the thickness direction from the outermost layer.
- the phenolic resin foam according to [1] which has a thermal conductivity of 0.0260 W/(m ⁇ K) or less at 23°C.
- the metal of the metal compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, zinc, barium, aluminum, iron, sodium and potassium, and is selected from the group consisting of oxides, chlorides, sulfates and carbonates.
- the present invention by efficiently distributing a specific metal compound in the thickness direction of the phenolic resin foam, it is possible to provide a phenolic resin foam having excellent alkali resistance and a method for producing the same.
- this embodiment the form for carrying out the present invention (hereinafter referred to as "this embodiment") will be described in detail.
- the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
- the metal element of the metal compound in this embodiment is preferably one selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, zinc, barium, aluminum, iron, sodium and potassium.
- the metal compound is preferably selected from the group of oxides, chlorides, sulfates and carbonates of the metals mentioned above. More preferred of these include calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, iron sulfate, sodium sulfate and potassium sulfate, with calcium sulfate being the most preferred.
- These metal compounds may be used alone or in combination.
- the metal compound contained in the phenolic resin foam can be identified by using a generally used X-ray diffraction method (XRD) or the like.
- the content of the metal compound in the outermost layer of the phenolic resin foam is in the range of 0.5 to 25.0%, preferably 0.5 to 20.0%, more preferably 1.0 to 25.0%. 20.0%, more preferably 3.0-20.0%, most preferably 5.0-20.0%.
- the metal compound By allowing the metal compound to exist in the outermost layer within this range, it is possible to develop sufficient alkali resistance even with a small addition amount. If the content of the metal compound is less than 0.5%, the outermost layer does not contain enough metal compound, so that the effect of alkali resistance cannot be exhibited.
- the outermost layer of the phenolic resin foam refers to the outermost layer of the surface perpendicular to the thickness direction of the phenolic resin foam. Find the existence ratio of A method for measuring the abundance ratio of the metal compound in the outermost layer will be specifically described in Examples described later.
- the content of the metal compound in the central layer is in the range of 0.5 to 15.0%, preferably 0.5 to 10.0%, more preferably 3.0 to 15.0%. It is in the range of 10.0%, most preferably in the range of 5.0-10.0%. If the abundance ratio of the metal compound contained in the central layer is more than 15.0%, the cell membrane tends to be broken starting from the metal compound, so that the closed cell ratio and the thermal conductivity of the phenolic resin foam deteriorate. easier to do. Therefore, it is not preferable that the content of the metal compound contained in the central layer exceeds 15.0%.
- the proportion of the metal compound contained in the central layer is less than 0.5%, the proportion of the metal compound in the outermost layer of the phenolic resin foam naturally decreases, making it difficult to obtain the effect of adding the metal compound. Become. Therefore, it is not preferable that the content of the metal compound contained in the core layer is less than 0.5%.
- the central layer is a layer located in the center in the thickness direction of the phenol resin foam and parallel to the outermost layer. A method for measuring the proportion of the metal compound present in the core layer will be specifically described in Examples described later.
- the abundance of the metal compound in the outermost layer of the phenolic resin foam is higher than the abundance of the metal compound in the central layer.
- the value obtained by dividing the abundance ratio of the metal compound in the outermost layer of the phenolic resin foam by the abundance ratio of the metal compound in the central layer is preferably greater than 1.00, more preferably 1.10 or more, and 1.30 or more. is more preferable, 1.60 or more is particularly preferable, and 1.70 or more is most preferable.
- the diameter is in the range of 50-120 ⁇ m, preferably 50-110 ⁇ m, more preferably 70-110 ⁇ m, still more preferably 70-100 ⁇ m, most preferably 80-100 ⁇ m. If the average cell diameter at this position is within this range, it is possible to increase the content of the metal compound in the phenolic resin foam on the surface layer side from this position. Therefore, it was found that the surface layer side of the phenolic resin foam can exhibit alkali resistance.
- the average cell diameter is less than 50 ⁇ m, the density of the outermost layer becomes too high, so that the expandable phenolic resin composition tends to seep out from the surface of the face material, and when the foam is molded, the device is broken. It may get dirty.
- the average cell diameter is larger than 120 ⁇ m, the existence ratio of the metal compound in the outermost layer decreases, and the alkali resistance may not be exhibited. Therefore, it is not preferable that the average cell diameter is larger than 120 ⁇ m.
- the closed cell ratio of the phenolic resin foam in this embodiment is 80% or more, preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and most preferably 95% or more. If the closed cell ratio is too low, the foaming agent contained in the cells is likely to be replaced with air, resulting in higher thermal conductivity, faster deterioration of thermal conductivity after a long period of time, and reduced compressive strength. tends to be lower. A method for measuring the closed cell ratio will be specifically described in Examples described later.
- the density of the phenolic resin foam in this embodiment is 20 kg/m 3 to 80 kg/m 3 , preferably 25 kg/m 3 to 55 kg/m 3 , more preferably 27 kg/m 3 to 45 kg/m 3 , most preferably 27 kg/m 3 to 45 kg/m 3 . It is preferably 27 kg/m 3 to 40 kg/m 3 . If the density is lower than 20 kg/m 3 , the strength will be low and the foam will easily break during transportation or construction. Also, when the density is low, the bubble film tends to be thin. If the cell membrane is thin, the foaming agent in the foam is likely to replace air, and the metal compound particles may further break the cell membrane, making it difficult to obtain a high closed cell ratio. .
- the density is higher than 80 kg/m 3 , the thermal conductivity of solids derived from solid components such as phenolic resin increases, so the heat insulation performance tends to decrease.
- a method for measuring the density of the phenolic resin foam will be specifically described in Examples described later.
- the average particle size of the metal compound of the present embodiment is preferably 0.1-500 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1-300 ⁇ m, even more preferably 1-200 ⁇ m, and most preferably 1-100 ⁇ m. If the average particle size is small, the particles tend to aggregate with each other, making it difficult to improve the dispersibility. As a result, the viscosity of the raw material for the phenolic resin increases, making it difficult to uniformly mix it in the resin. Therefore, the dispersibility of the metal compound may deteriorate. In addition, when the particle size is large, the unevenness of the area ratio of the outermost layer becomes greater than when the particle size is small even if the addition amount is the same. Since the unevenness becomes large, a large amount of the metal compound exists locally, so that it becomes difficult to sufficiently exhibit the alkali resistance. A method for measuring the average particle size of the metal compound will be specifically described in Examples described later.
- the thermal conductivity of the phenol resin foam in the present embodiment measured in an environment of 23° C. is preferably 0.0260 W/(m ⁇ K) or less, more preferably 0.0250 W/(m ⁇ K) or less. K) or less, more preferably 0.0230 W/(m K) or less, particularly preferably 0.0210 W/(m K), most preferably 0.0200 W/(m K) be.
- the lower limit of the thermal conductivity of the phenolic resin foam measured at 23° C. is not particularly limited, but is usually about 0.0150 W/(m ⁇ K). A method for measuring the thermal conductivity will be specifically described in Examples described later.
- the alkali resistance of the phenolic resin foam in this embodiment can be evaluated by using the tensile strength before the alkali accelerated test described later and the tensile strength of the foam after the same test as indicators.
- the strength retention rate of the tensile strength of the phenolic resin foam in the present embodiment after the accelerated alkali test is preferably 30% or more, more preferably 50% or more, and still more preferably 70% or more. If the tensile strength retention rate is less than 30%, sufficient alkali resistance cannot be imparted, and the adhesive strength between the mortar and the phenolic resin foam gradually decreases when used as a wet external heat insulation method. Since the mortar may separate from the phenolic resin foam due to a decrease in adhesive strength, it is preferable that the tensile strength retention rate is 30% or more.
- the phenolic resin foam of the present embodiment is a "foamable phenolic resin composition" containing a "phenolic resin raw material” containing a phenolic resin, a metal compound, a surfactant, a curing catalyst for the phenolic resin, and a foaming agent. can be obtained by foaming and curing on the face material.
- the phenolic resin raw material contains phenolic resin as the main component, water, and, in some cases, other components.
- Raw materials for phenolic resins immediately after synthesis of phenolic resins usually contain excess water. Therefore, the phenolic resin raw material can be dehydrated to a predetermined moisture content before being used for the preparation of the foamable phenolic resin composition.
- the moisture content of the phenolic resin raw material is preferably 1 to 20% by mass, more preferably 1 to 13% by mass, still more preferably 2 to 10% by mass, and particularly preferably 3 to 10% by mass, based on the mass of the phenolic resin raw material. %, most preferably 3-8.5% by weight.
- the viscosity of the phenolic resin raw material becomes too high, so that the equipment becomes under high pressure, and liquid feeding failure tends to occur.
- the moisture content of the phenol resin raw material is higher than 20% by mass, the viscosity of the expandable phenol resin composition decreases, resulting in a decrease in the closed cell ratio of the phenol resin foam, and in addition, the amount of residual moisture after foaming and curing increases.
- the phenolic resin foam becomes difficult to form closed cells and tends to deteriorate its heat insulating properties. Furthermore, a large amount of energy and time are required to dissipate the residual moisture by heating during molding of the phenolic resin foam.
- the phenolic resin in this embodiment is typically a condensation polymer of phenol and formaldehyde.
- a phenol resin can be obtained, for example, by using phenol and formaldehyde as raw materials and heating them in a temperature range of 40 to 100° C. with an alkali catalyst to polymerize them.
- the amount of the metal compound added is preferably 15 parts by mass or less, more preferably 0.5 to 15 parts by mass, still more preferably 1 to 15 parts by mass, most preferably 3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the phenolic resin (raw material for phenolic resin). ⁇ 15 parts by mass. If the amount of the metal compound added is less than 0.5 parts by mass, the content of the metal compound in the phenolic resin foam will be too small, resulting in insufficient effect of addition. Therefore, it is not preferable that the amount of the metal compound added is less than 0.5 parts by mass.
- the amount of the metal compound added is more than 15 parts by mass, the viscosity of the expandable phenolic resin composition after the addition of the metal compound becomes too high, and liquid transfer failure tends to occur. Therefore, it is not preferable to add more than 15 parts by mass of the metal compound. In addition, if the viscosity is too high, it becomes difficult to obtain the expansion ratio required for the phenolic resin foam, which may deteriorate the closed cell ratio and thermal conductivity of the resulting phenolic resin foam. .
- Surfactants that are generally used in the production of phenolic resin foams can be used, but nonionic surfactants are particularly effective.
- Surfactants include polyoxyalkylene (alkylene oxide), which is a copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, condensates of alkylene oxide and castor oil, and condensates of alkylene oxide and alkylphenols such as nonylphenol and dodecylphenol. , polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers having 14 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl ether portion, fatty acid esters such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, silicone compounds such as polydimethylsiloxane, and at least one compound selected from polyalcohols. is preferred. These compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the surfactant is not particularly limited, it is preferably 0.3 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the phenolic resin (or phenolic resin raw material).
- the curing catalyst may be any acidic curing catalyst capable of curing phenolic resin, but an acid anhydride curing catalyst is preferred.
- Preferred acid anhydride curing catalysts are phosphoric anhydride and arylsulfonic anhydride.
- arylsulfonic anhydride include toluenesulfonic acid, xylenesulfonic acid, phenolsulfonic acid, substituted phenolsulfonic acid, xylenolsulfonic acid, substituted xylenolsulfonic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, and naphthalenesulfonic acid. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Curing aids such as resorcinol, cresol, saligenin (o-hydroxybenzyl alcohol), and p-methylolphenol may also be added. Also, these curing catalysts may be diluted with a solvent such as ethylene glycol or diethylene glycol.
- the amount of the curing catalyst is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the phenolic resin (or phenolic resin raw material) and the surfactant.
- the foaming agent can contain one or more selected from chlorinated, non-chlorinated hydrofluoroolefins, hydrocarbons, and halogenated hydrocarbons.
- 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene for example, E form (HCFO-1233zd(E)), manufactured by Honeywell Japan Co., Ltd., product name: SolsticeTM LBA
- 1,1,2-trichloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene HCFO-1213xa
- 1,2-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene HCFO-1223xd
- 1,1-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene HCFO-1223za
- 1-chloro-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene HCFO-1224zb
- 2,3,3-trichloro -3-fluoropropene HCFO-1231xf
- 2,3-dichloro-3,3-difluoropropene HCFO-1232xf
- 2-chloro-1,1,3-trifluoropropene HCFO-1233zd
- HCFO-1213xa 1,2-d
- 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene for example, E form (HFO-1234ze (E)), manufactured by Honeywell Japan Co., Ltd., Product name: SolsticeTM ze), 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (HFO-1336mzz, such as the Z form (HFO-1336mzz(Z)), Chemours stock company, OpteonTM 1100), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (HFO-1234yf), 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225zc), 1 , 3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze), 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HFO-1243zf), 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro- 2-pentene (HFO-1438mzz) and the like
- hydrocarbons for example, cyclic or chain alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes having 3 to 7 carbon atoms can be used as blowing agents.
- compounds such as n-butane, isobutane, cyclobutane, n-pentane, isopentane, cyclopentane, neopentane, n-hexane, isohexane, 2,2-dimethylbutane, 2,3-dimethylbutane, and cyclohexane are included in the foaming agent.
- Halogenated hydrocarbons are not particularly limited, but from the viewpoints of low thermal conductivity, low ozone depletion potential and global warming potential, and boiling points, halogenated hydrocarbons containing at least one hydrogen element, and two or more halogen atoms Halogenated hydrocarbons containing no or fluorine atoms are preferred, and isopropyl chloride is more preferred. These foaming agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the foaming agent added in the phenolic resin foam of the present embodiment is preferably 3.0 to 25.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the phenolic resin (or phenolic resin raw material) and the surfactant. , more preferably 5.0 to 22.5 parts by mass, still more preferably 6.5 to 22.5 parts by mass, and most preferably 7.5 to 21.5 parts by mass. If the content of the foaming agent is less than 3.0 parts by mass, it becomes very difficult to obtain the required expansion ratio, and a high-density foam tends to be formed.
- the viscosity of the foamable phenolic resin composition decreases due to the plasticizing effect of the foaming agent, and excessive foaming occurs, resulting in breakage of the cells in the foam. Closed cell ratio tends to decrease. When the closed cell content decreases, physical properties such as long-term thermal insulation performance and compressive strength tend to decrease.
- Forming a phenolic resin foam having a density of 20 to 80 kg/m 3 by setting the amount of foaming agent added to the total amount of phenolic resin (or phenolic resin raw material) and surfactant within the above numerical range. can be done.
- the foamable phenolic resin composition of this embodiment may contain additives in addition to the components described above.
- urea may be added directly to the reaction solution during or near the end of the reaction of the phenolic resin, or urea that has been methylolated in advance with an alkali catalyst may be added. It may be mixed with a phenolic resin.
- additives other than urea include phthalates generally used as plasticizers, and glycols such as ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol. Aliphatic hydrocarbons, high-boiling alicyclic hydrocarbons, or mixtures thereof may also be used as additives.
- the content of the additive is preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the phenolic resin (or phenolic resin raw material). If too many of these additives are added, the viscosity of the foamable phenolic resin composition is lowered, and there is a risk of causing foam breakage during foaming and curing. On the other hand, if the amount of the additive is too small, the effect of containing the additive cannot be obtained. Therefore, the content of the additive is more preferably 1.0 parts by mass or more and 10 parts by mass or less.
- flame retardants may be added to the foamable phenolic resin composition as needed.
- Flame retardants include, for example, bromine compounds such as tetrabromobisphenol A and decabromodiphenyl ether, phosphorus or phosphorus compounds such as aromatic phosphoric acid esters, aromatic condensed phosphoric acid esters, halogenated phosphoric acid esters and red phosphorus, ammonium polyphosphate , antimony compounds such as antimony trioxide and antimony pentoxide, metal hydroxides such as aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, and carbonates such as calcium carbonate and sodium carbonate.
- a foamable phenolic resin composition can be obtained by mixing the phenolic resin raw material, metal compound, curing catalyst, foaming agent, and surfactant in the proportions described above.
- the phenolic resin foam is produced by, for example, a process of mixing a plurality of raw materials, a discharging process of continuously discharging a foamable phenolic resin composition onto a running surface material, and a process in which the discharged foamable phenolic resin composition contacts the surface material. Obtained by a continuous production system including a top surface material coating step of covering the top surface side opposite to the surface to be covered with a surface material, and a foaming and curing step of foaming and heat curing the foamable phenol resin composition as described later. be able to.
- the foamable phenolic resin composition described above can be poured into a mold whose inside is coated with a face material and a mold release agent, and can be obtained by a batch production method in which foaming and heat curing are performed. .
- the phenolic resin foam obtained by the batch production method can be sliced and used as necessary.
- the face material sandwiching the phenolic resin foam is a sheet-like base material, and preferably has flexibility for the purpose of preventing breakage of the face material during production.
- the flexible surface material include synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric, synthetic fiber woven fabric, glass fiber paper, glass fiber woven fabric, glass fiber nonwoven fabric, glass fiber mixed paper, papers, metal films, and combinations thereof. be done. These face materials may contain a flame retardant to impart flame retardancy.
- Flame retardants include, for example, bromine compounds such as tetrabromobisphenol A and decabromodiphenyl ether, phosphorus or phosphorus compounds such as aromatic phosphoric acid esters, aromatic condensed phosphoric acid esters, halogenated phosphoric acid esters and red phosphorus, ammonium polyphosphate , antimony compounds such as antimony trioxide and antimony pentoxide, metal hydroxides such as aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, and carbonates such as calcium carbonate and sodium carbonate. These flame retardants may be kneaded into the fibers of the face material, or may be added to a binder such as acrylic, polyvinyl alcohol, vinyl acetate, epoxy, unsaturated polyester, or the like.
- a binder such as acrylic, polyvinyl alcohol, vinyl acetate, epoxy, unsaturated polyester, or the like.
- the face material can be surface-treated with water repellent agents such as fluororesin-based, silicone resin-based, wax emulsion-based, paraffin-based, and acrylic resin and paraffin-wax combined systems, or asphalt-based waterproofing agents.
- water repellent agents such as fluororesin-based, silicone resin-based, wax emulsion-based, paraffin-based, and acrylic resin and paraffin-wax combined systems, or asphalt-based waterproofing agents.
- water repellent agents and waterproofing agents may be used alone, or may be applied to the face material together with the flame retardant.
- the face material has a high gas permeability.
- a face material synthetic fiber nonwoven fabric, glass fiber paper, glass fiber nonwoven fabric, papers, metal films having holes in advance, and the like are preferably used.
- a face material having gas permeability such that the oxygen permeability measured according to ASTM D3985-95 is 4.5 cm 3 /(24 h ⁇ m 2 ) or more is particularly preferable. If a face material with low gas permeability is used, the moisture generated when the phenolic resin hardens cannot be sufficiently dissipated from the foam, and the moisture remains in the foam, resulting in a low closed cell ratio. Voided foams tend to form.
- the basis weight is preferable from the viewpoint of the exudation of the expandable phenol resin composition into the face material during foaming and the adhesion between the expandable phenol resin composition and the face material. is 15 to 200 g/m 2 , more preferably 15 to 150 g/m 2 , still more preferably 15 to 100 g/m 2 , particularly preferably 15 to 80 g/m 2 , most preferably 15 to 60 g/m 2 .
- its basis weight is preferably 30 to 600 g/m 2 , more preferably 30 to 500 g/m 2 , still more preferably 30 to 400 g/m 2 , particularly preferably 30 to 350 g/m 2 , Most preferably 30-300 g/m 2 .
- the method for producing a phenolic resin foam according to this embodiment includes a step of mixing a plurality of raw materials, a step of discharging, a step of coating a top surface material, and a step of foaming and curing.
- the metal compound is mixed with the phenolic resin raw material using a mixer.
- the above-mentioned mixing step includes mixing the metal compound and the phenol resin before adding the foaming agent and the curing catalyst. It is preferable to include a step of pre-kneading to obtain a metal compound-added phenol resin composition.
- the method of adding the metal compound to the phenolic resin or phenolic resin composition and kneading is not particularly limited, and may be mixed using a hand mixer, a pin mixer, or the like, a twin-screw extruder, a kneader, or the like. may be used.
- the mixture of phenolic resin and metal compound is uniformly mixed with a surfactant, curing catalyst, foaming agent, etc., and then ejected.
- the average temperature at the center of the expandable phenol resin composition discharged from the distribution nozzle when the expandable phenol resin composition is in contact with is 40 ° C.
- the ambient temperature in the preforming step (c) is The temperature is 60° C. or higher and 80° C. or lower, and the residence time is 5 minutes or longer and 20 minutes or shorter.
- the average temperature of the central portion of the expandable phenolic resin composition discharged from the distribution nozzle is 40° C. or higher and 53° C. or lower
- the ambient temperature in the preforming step (c) is 70° C. or higher and 80° C. or lower
- the time is 12 minutes or more and 20 minutes or less.
- the above-described top surface material coating step is included in the preforming step, and the foaming and curing step is included in the preforming step and the main forming step.
- the average temperature of the central portion of the expandable phenolic resin composition discharged from the distribution nozzle when the lower surface material and the expandable phenolic resin composition are in contact is adjusted to 40° C. or more and 53° C. or less.
- the average temperature of the central portion of the ejected foamable phenol resin composition is less than 40°C, the volatilization timing of the foaming agent in the vicinity of the surface layer of the foamable phenol resin composition ejected from each nozzle is delayed. In some cases, the diameter of the cells in the surface layer becomes large, and the metal compound is not unevenly distributed in a sufficient amount on the surface layer, making it impossible to exhibit the alkali resistance. In addition, when the average temperature of the central portion of the discharged foamable phenol resin composition exceeds 53°C, the foaming agent contained in the foamable phenol resin composition volatilizes too much, and foaming is accelerated compared to curing. This is not preferable because it may cause a decrease in closed cell ratio.
- the average temperature of the central portion of the ejected foamable phenolic resin composition can be optimized by adjusting the temperature control water temperature and flow rate of the mixing head distributing part that mixes various compositions, and the number of revolutions. can.
- the average temperature of the central portion of the foamable phenolic resin composition immediately after being discharged from the mixer was the maximum temperature after measuring the temperature of the central portion of the foamable phenolic resin composition discharged from arbitrary 10 nozzles.
- the average temperature of the central portion of the expandable phenol resin composition was obtained by averaging the temperature of the central portion of the expandable phenol resin composition discharged from the eight nozzles, excluding the lowest temperature.
- the ambient temperature during preforming is preferably 60°C or higher and 80°C or lower, and the residence time is preferably 5 minutes or longer and 20 minutes or shorter.
- the foaming agent contained in the vicinity of the surface layer of the foamable phenolic resin is volatilized immediately after ejection, while promoting the curing of the surface layer. This is preferable because it is possible to increase the abundance ratio of the metal compound and achieve both a high closed cell ratio and a fine cell diameter in the phenolic resin foam.
- the ambient temperature during preforming is relatively high (60° C. or higher and 80° C. or lower), and the residence time is set longer (5 minutes or more and 20 minutes or less).
- the desired phenolic resin foam can be obtained by rapidly curing the surface layer of the expandable phenolic resin composition while promoting volatilization of the blowing agent in the vicinity of the surface layer of the expandable phenolic resin composition. It becomes possible.
- the following first oven and second oven can be used.
- foaming and curing of the foamable phenolic resin composition are performed in an atmosphere of 60-110°C with a residence time of 10-60 minutes.
- an endless steel belt type double conveyor or a slat type double conveyor is used for the first oven.
- the uncured foam is cured while being shaped into a plate to obtain a partially cured foam.
- the temperature in the first oven may not be uniform over the entire area, and a plurality of temperature zones may be provided.
- the second oven can accelerate curing with a residence time of 60 to 240 minutes under an atmosphere of 70 to 120°C.
- the second oven preferably post-cures the phenolic resin foam partially cured in the first oven.
- Partially cured foam boards may be stacked at regular intervals using spacers or trays. If the temperature in the second oven is too high, the pressure of the blowing agent inside the cells of the foam will be too high and may induce foam breakage. Conversely, if the temperature in the second oven is too low, it may take too long to volatilize excess moisture in the foam while promoting the reaction of the phenolic resin. Therefore, the preferred ambient temperature in the second oven is 80-110°C.
- the manufacturing method for obtaining the phenolic resin foam of this embodiment is not limited to the method described above.
- the closed cell content of the phenolic resin foam was measured by the following method. That is, a cubic specimen of about 25 mm square was cut out from the central portion in the thickness direction of the phenolic resin foam. If it is not possible to obtain a sample with a uniform thickness of 25 mm due to the thinness of the foam, slice the surface of the approximately 25 mm square cubic sample cut by approximately 1 mm to prepare a sample with a uniform thickness. bottom. The length of each side was measured with a vernier caliper, the apparent volume (V1: cm 3 ) was measured, and the mass (W: 4 significant figures, g) of the test piece was measured.
- the closed space volume (V2: cm 3 ) of the test piece was measured according to the method described in ASTM-D-2856 A method using a dry automatic densitometer (trade name “Accupic II1340” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
- the bubble diameter (t: cm) was measured according to the method for measuring the average bubble diameter described later.
- the average cell diameter at a portion 5 mm below the central layer and the outermost layer of the phenolic resin foam in the thickness direction can be obtained by the following method.
- the average cell diameter of the center layer was measured by cutting the phenolic resin foam almost at the center parallel to the front and back surfaces. Measurement of the average cell diameter of a cross section cut parallel to the outermost layer at a position 5 mm in the thickness direction from the outermost layer is measured on one side of the phenolic resin foam in the thickness direction 5 mm below the outermost layer in the thickness direction. After parallel cutting, the cutting was performed only on the surface not including the outermost layer in the thickness direction of the phenolic resin foam.
- a photograph was taken of the cut surface of the test piece magnified 50 times, and a straight line with a length corresponding to 2,000 ⁇ m in the actual cross section of the foam was drawn on the obtained photograph, avoiding voids. I pulled four. The number of air bubbles that crossed each straight line was counted, and the value obtained by dividing 2,000 ⁇ m by the number of air bubbles was taken as the diameter of air bubbles obtained from each straight line. In the same manner, a portion 5 mm below the outermost layer on the opposite side was also cut parallel to the front and back surfaces, and then the bubble diameter was obtained in the same manner as described above.
- the void refers to a bubble having a diameter corresponding to a substantially circular diameter of 1.5 cm or more on the 50-fold enlarged photograph.
- foam density The foam density of the phenol resin foam was measured according to JIS-K-7222. A 20 cm square board cut out from the obtained phenolic resin foam was used as a sample. Surface materials such as face material and siding material were removed from this sample, and the mass and apparent volume of the remaining foam sample were measured, and the foam density was obtained from these values.
- the existence ratio of the metal compound in the foam is determined by mapping the metal element of the metal compound using the ⁇ -XRF method and analyzing the obtained mapping image to obtain the area ratio of the metal element. as the existence ratio.
- ⁇ -XRF equipment EDAX OrbisPC by AMETEC
- X-ray tube Rh tube voltage 50 kV
- tube current auto CPS scan area 20.08 mm ⁇ 12.4 mm
- X-axis direction measurement interval 78 ⁇ m Measurement was performed at a Y-axis direction measurement interval of 62 ⁇ m, an X-ray beam diameter of 30 ⁇ m, and a measurement time of 100 msec per point.
- Image analysis was performed using image analysis software ImageJ (manufactured by NIH) for the intensity mapping images of the metal elements obtained by the measurement.
- ImageJ image analysis software
- the obtained image was read and converted into a grayscale (monochrome image).
- the image was binarized (black background, white metal element).
- the moments method was selected.
- the area ratio (%) of the white portion was calculated, and the average value of the obtained three points was obtained. The area ratio of this metal element was taken as the existence ratio of the metal compound.
- the central portion in the thickness direction of the phenolic resin foam was sliced to obtain a cross section, and three points were arbitrarily selected for measurement. The average value of the three points was calculated and used as the existence ratio of the metal compound in the central layer.
- the average particle size of the metal compound was obtained under the following conditions. It was measured using a particle size distribution analyzer (Nikkiso Microtrac MT3300EXII-SDC). Water was used as the solvent, and the metal compound was added dropwise to obtain an appropriate concentration. Using a transmission method, a laser beam with a wavelength of 780 nm was applied as a light source with an output of 3 mW. The shape was non-spherical, and the measurement was performed twice for 30 seconds. The resulting volume average diameter was defined as the average particle diameter of the metal compound.
- the initial thermal conductivity of the phenolic resin foam was measured in an environment of 23°C by the following method. First, the phenolic resin foam was cut into 600 mm squares. The test piece obtained by cutting was placed in an atmosphere of 23 ⁇ 1° C. and 50 ⁇ 2% humidity, and the change in mass over time was measured every 24 hours. The state of the specimen was adjusted until the mass change rate after 24 hours was 0.2% by mass or less. After peeling off the face material from the conditioned specimen so as not to damage the foam, it was introduced into a thermal conductivity measuring device placed in the same environment.
- the thermal conductivity was measured using one specimen and a measuring device with a symmetrical structure (Eiko Seiki Co., Ltd., product name "HC-074/600").
- the thermal conductivity under the environment of 23°C was measured under the conditions of 13°C for the low temperature plate and 33°C for the high temperature plate.
- Alkali resistance test As a test for evaluating the alkali resistance in this embodiment, the following method was used. That is, a foam having an arbitrary thickness was cut into a size of 50 mm (vertical) ⁇ 50 mm (horizontal), and the surface material on the outermost layer was peeled off to prepare a foam. The tensile strength of the test piece at this point was measured and defined as the initial tensile strength Ha (kPa). After mixing mortar (Thermplus ultra by Weber) and water at a mass ratio of 1:0.27, the mixture was stirred at 500 rpm for 4 minutes using a three-one motor (BL1200 by HEIDON).
- the mortar after stirring was applied to the outermost layer of the foam from which the face material was peeled off as described above so as to have a thickness of 7 mm, and cured for 7 days in an environment of 23° C. and 50% RH. After curing, the specimen was left in an environment of 70° C. and 95% RH for 14 days, and then in an environment of 23° C. and 50% RH for 7 days.
- the tensile strength of the specimen after standing was measured, and it was defined as the tensile strength Hb (kPa) after the alkali resistance test.
- the strength retention rate of tensile strength was calculated by the following formula (2).
- Strength retention rate of tensile strength (%) 100 x Hb/Ha (2)
- reaction solution was cooled to 30° C., and a 50 mass % aqueous solution of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate was added until the pH reached 6.4.
- the resulting reaction solution was concentrated using a thin film evaporator to obtain a phenol resin raw material containing a phenol resin.
- the obtained phenol resin raw material had a moisture content of 2.4% by mass and a viscosity of 8,800 mPa ⁇ s.
- Example 1 10 parts by mass of calcium sulfate (average particle size: 60 ⁇ m) as a metal compound was added to 100 parts by mass of the phenolic resin material using a twin-screw extruder (manufactured by Technobell Co., Ltd.) to obtain a mixture of the phenolic resin material and the metal compound. .
- ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer manufactured by BASF, "Pluronic F-127" as a surfactant to a metal compound-added phenolic resin raw material; 3 parts by mass and 10 parts by mass of a mixture of 80% by mass of xylenesulfonic acid and 20% by mass of diethylene glycol as a catalyst were added, and after uniform kneading, the resulting foamable phenolic resin composition was distributed through a multiport distribution pipe, It was supplied on the moving lower face material.
- the mixer disclosed in JP-A-10-225993 was used.
- the upper side of the mixer has inlets for the phenolic resin composition containing the solid foaming nucleating agent and the foaming agent, and the inlet for the acidic curing agent is provided on the side near the center of the stirring section where the rotor stirs.
- the provided mixer After the stirring part, it is connected to a nozzle for discharging the expandable phenolic resin composition.
- the mixer is composed of a mixing section (previous stage) from the inlet of the acidic curing agent, a mixing section (second stage) from the inlet of the acidic curing agent to the end of stirring, and a distribution section from the end of stirring to the nozzle.
- the dispensing part has a plurality of nozzles at its tip and is designed to uniformly distribute the mixed foamable phenolic resin composition. Furthermore, the distributing part has a jacket type structure so that heat can be sufficiently exchanged with temperature-controlled water, and the temperature of the temperature-controlled water in the mixing head distributing part was set at 26°C.
- a thermocouple was installed at the discharge port of the multiport distribution pipe so as to detect the average temperature of the center portion of the foamable phenolic resin composition.
- the rotation speed of the mixing head was set at 600 rpm.
- the mixture coming out of the mixer was sent to a preheated oven at 70°C so as to be sandwiched between non-woven fabrics, and held there for 12 minutes.
- the average temperature of the central portion of the foamable phenolic resin product immediately after being discharged from the mixer was 45°C. After that, it was sent to a first oven at 88° C. and cured for a residence time of 40 minutes, and then cured in a second oven at 110° C. for 2 hours to obtain a phenolic resin foam of Example 1.
- Example 2 The phenolic resin of Example 2 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the average temperature of the center of the foamable phenolic resin product immediately after being discharged from the mixer was changed to 40°C by changing the rotation speed of the mixing head to 350 rpm. A foam was obtained.
- Example 3 The phenolic resin of Example 3 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the rotation speed of the mixing head was changed to 950 rpm so that the average temperature of the center of the foamable phenolic resin product immediately after being discharged from the mixer was 53 ° C. A foam was obtained.
- Example 4 A phenolic resin foam of Example 4 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the amount of calcium sulfate added was changed to 0.8 parts by mass.
- Example 5 A phenolic resin foam of Example 5 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the amount of calcium sulfate added was 15 parts by mass.
- Example 6 A phenol resin foam of Example 6 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the oven temperature in the preforming step was 80° C. and the residence time was 20 minutes.
- Example 7 A phenolic resin foam of Example 7 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the metal compound was changed to magnesium sulfate.
- Example 8 A phenolic resin foam of Example 8 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the metal compound was changed to iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate.
- Example 9 A phenol resin foam of Example 9 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the metal compound was changed to potassium sulfate.
- Example 10 A phenolic resin foam of Example 10 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 6, except that calcium carbonate was used as the metal compound and the amount added was changed to 1 part by mass.
- Comparative example 1 A phenolic resin foam of Comparative Example 1 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that calcium sulfate, which is a metal compound, was not added.
- Comparative example 2 The added amount of calcium sulfate, which is a metal compound, was set to 0.8 parts by mass, the rotation speed of the mixing head was set to 350 rpm, and the temperature of the water in the distribution section of the mixing head was changed to 22°C.
- a phenolic resin foam of Comparative Example 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the average temperature of the center portion of the foamable phenolic resin immediately after the foaming was set to 38°C.
- Comparative Example 3 By changing the rotation speed of the mixing head to 950 rpm and further changing the temperature control water temperature of the mixing head distributing part to 28°C, the average temperature of the central part of the foamable phenolic resin product immediately after being discharged from the mixer was reduced to A phenol resin foam of Comparative Example 3 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the temperature was set at 57°C.
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Abstract
Description
下記、(1)、(2)及び(3)を満たし、独立気泡率80%以上、発泡体密度が20~80kg/m3であるフェノール樹脂発泡体。
(1)フェノール樹脂発泡体の最表層における金属化合物の存在割合が0.5~25.0%である。
(2)フェノール樹脂発泡体の中心層における金属化合物の存在割合が0.5~15.0%である。
(3)フェノール樹脂発泡体の最表層から厚み方向に5mmの位置で最表層と平行に切断した断面の平均気泡径が50~120μmである。
[2]
23℃における熱伝導率が0.0260W/(m・K)以下である[1]に記載のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
[3]
前記フェノール樹脂発泡体の最表層における金属化合物の存在割合は、前記フェノール樹脂発泡体の中心層における金属化合物の存在割合よりも大きい[1]または[2]に記載のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
[4]
前記金属化合物の金属が、カルシウム、マグネシウム、亜鉛、バリウム、アルミニウム、鉄、ナトリウム、カリウムの群から選択される少なくとも1種であり、酸化物、塩化物、硫酸化物、炭酸化物の群から選択される少なくとも1種との組み合わせで構成される、1種以上の金属化合物である[1]~[3]のいずれか1項に記載のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
[5]
耐アルカリ性試験後の引張強度の強度維持率が30%以上である[1]~[4]のいずれか1項に記載のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
ASTM-D-2856-94(1998)A法に準拠し、以下の方法でフェノール樹脂発泡体の独立気泡率を測定した。
すなわち、フェノール樹脂発泡体の厚み方向における中央部から、約25mm角の立方体試片を切り出した。発泡体の厚みが薄いために25mmの均質な厚みの試片が得られない場合は、切り出した約25mm角の立方体試片表面を約1mmずつスライスして、均質な厚みを有する試片を作製した。各辺の長さをノギスにより測定し、見かけ体積(V1:cm3)を計測すると共に試片の質量(W:有効数字4桁,g)を測定した。引き続き、乾式自動密度計(島津製作所製 商品名「アキュピックII1340」)を使用し、ASTM-D-2856のA法に記載の方法に従い、試片の閉鎖空間体積(V2:cm3)を測定した。また、後述の平均気泡径の測定法に従い気泡径(t:cm)を計測した。既に測定した各辺の長さより、試片の表面積(A:cm3)を算出した。求められたt及びAを式:VA=(A×t)/1.14に代入して、試片表面にある切断された気泡の開孔体積(VA:cm3)を算出した。また、固形フェノール樹脂の密度を1.3g/cm3として、試片に含まれる気泡壁を構成する固体部分の体積(VS:cm3)を、式:VS=試片質量(W)/1.3により、算出した。
下記式(1)により独立気泡率を算出した。
独立気泡率(%)=[(V2-VS)/(V1-VA-VS)]×100 (1)
同一製造条件で得られた6つの発泡体について独立気泡率を測定し、それらの平均値をその製造条件により得られる発泡体の代表値とした。
フェノール樹脂発泡体の中心層及び最表層から厚み方向に5mm下の部分における平均気泡径は次のような方法で求めることが出来る。中心層の平均気泡径の測定はフェノール樹脂発泡体のほぼ中心部を表裏面に平行に切削して得た。最表層から厚み方向に5mmの位置で最表層と平行に切断した断面の平均気泡径の測定は、フェノール樹脂発泡体の厚み方向の片側の最表層から厚み方向に5mm下の部分を表裏面に平行に切削した後、フェノール樹脂発泡体の厚み方向の最表層を含まない面についてのみ実施した。具体的には、当該試験片の切断面を50倍に拡大した写真を撮影し、得られた写真上にボイドを避けて、実際の発泡体断面における2,000μmに相当する長さの直線を4本引いた。各直線について横切った気泡の数をカウントし、2,000μmを前記気泡の数で割った値を各々の直線から得られる気泡径とした。同様にして、上記と逆側の最表層から5mm下の部分も表裏面に平行に切削した後、上記と同様にして、気泡径を求めた。得られた8点の気泡径から平均値を算出し、フェノール樹脂発泡体の平均気泡径(t:cm)とした。なお、ボイドとは、前記50倍に拡大した写真上において、1.5cm以上の略円形直径に相当する気泡径を有する気泡をいう。
フェノール樹脂発泡体の発泡密度は、JIS-K-7222に従い測定した。得られたフェノール樹脂発泡体から切り出した20cm角のボードを試料として用いた。この試料から面材、サイディング材などの表面材を取り除き、残った発泡体試料の質量と見かけ容積を測定し、これらの値から発泡体密度を求めた。
発泡体中の金属化合物の存在割合は金属化合物の金属元素をμ-XRF法を用いてマッピング測定し、得られたマッピング画像を解析することによって金属元素の面積割合を求め、これを金属化合物の存在割合とした。
金属化合物の平均粒子径は以下の条件によって求めた。
粒度分布測定装置(日機装製 マイクロトラックMT3300EXII-SDC)を用いて測定した。溶媒を水とし金属化合物を適切な濃度になるように滴下した。透過法を用いて光源として波長780nmのレーザー光を、出力3mWで照射した。形状を非球形、測定時間を30秒とし2回測定した。結果として得られた体積平均径を金属化合物の平均粒子径とした。
JIS A 1412-2:1999に準拠し、以下の方法で23℃の環境下におけるフェノール樹脂発泡体の初期熱伝導率を測定した。
まず、フェノール樹脂発泡体を600mm角に切断した。切断により得られた試片を23±1℃、湿度50±2%の雰囲気に入れ、24時間ごとに質量の経時変化を測定した。24時間経過での質量変化率が0.2質量%以下になるまで、試片の状態を調節した。状態を調節された試片は、発泡体を傷つけないように面材を剥がしてから、同環境下に置かれた熱伝導率の測定装置に導入された。
本実施形態において耐アルカリ性を評価する試験として次の方法で試験を行った。
すなわち、任意の厚みの発泡体を50mm(タテ)×50mm(ヨコ)の寸法に切断して、最表層にある面材を剥がした発泡体を準備した。この時点の試験体の引張強度を測定し、初期の引張強度Ha(kPa)とした。モルタル(weber社:Thermplus ultra)と水とを1:0.27の質量割合で配合した後、スリーワンモーター(HEIDON社BL1200)を使用し500rpmで4分間攪拌した。前述のように準備した面材を剥がした発泡体の最表層に厚さ7mmになるように、上記攪拌後のモルタルを塗布し、23℃、50%RHの環境下で7日養生した。養生後の試験体を、70℃95%RHの環境に14日間放置し、その後23℃50%RHの環境下に7日放置した。放置後の試験体の引張強度を測定し、耐アルカリ性試験後の引張強度Hb(kPa)とした。引張強度の強度維持率は以下の式(2)により算出した。
引張強度の強度維持率(%)=100×Hb/Ha (2)
引張強度(kPa)=L(N)/試験体の最表面の面積(m2) (3)
回転粘度計(東機産業(株)製、RE-85R型、ローター部は3°×R14)を用い、トルク値が10%以上になるように回転数を設定し40℃で3分間安定させた後の粘度の値を測定値とした。
反応器に52質量%ホルムアルデヒド水溶液3,500kgと99質量%フェノール2,510kgを仕込んだ。反応器内の反応液をプロペラ回転式の攪拌機により攪拌し、温調機により反応液の温度を40℃に調整した。次いで50質量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を反応液のpHが8.7になるまで加えた。反応液を1.5時間かけて85℃に昇温し、オストワルド粘度が30センチストークス(=30×10-6m2/s、25℃における測定値)に到達した段階で、反応液を冷却し、尿素を400kg添加した。その後、反応液を30℃まで冷却し、パラトルエンスルホン酸一水和物の50質量%水溶液を、pHが6.4になるまで添加した。得られた反応液を薄膜蒸発機によって濃縮処理して、フェノール樹脂を含むフェノール樹脂原料を得た。得られたフェノール樹脂原料の水分率は2.4質量%であり、粘度は8,800mPa・sであった。
フェノール樹脂原料100質量部に対して、金属化合物として硫酸カルシウム10質量部(平均粒子径60μm)を2軸押し出し機(株式会社テクノベル製)によって添加し、フェノール樹脂原料と金属化合物の混合物を得た。金属化合物添加フェノール樹脂原料に界面活性剤としてエチレンオキサイド-プロピレンオキサイドのブロック共重合体(BASF製、「プルロニックF-127」)を2.0質量部、発泡剤(ノルマルペンタン:nP)を6.3質量部、触媒としてキシレンスルホン酸80質量%とジエチレングリコール20質量%の混合物を10質量部、加え、均一混練したのち、得られた発泡性フェノール樹脂組成物をマルチポート分配管にて分配し、移動する下面材上に供給した。なお、混合機(ミキサー)は、特開平10-225993号に開示されたものを使用した。即ち、混合機の上部側面に、固体発泡核剤を含むフェノール樹脂組成物、及び、発泡剤の導入口があり、回転子が攪拌する攪拌部の中央付近の側面に酸性硬化剤の導入口を備えている混合機を使用した。攪拌部以降は発泡性フェノール樹脂組成物を吐出するためのノズルに繋がっている。即ち、混合機は、酸性硬化剤導入口までを混合部(前段)、酸性硬化剤導入口~攪拌終了部を混合部(後段)、攪拌終了部~ノズルを分配部とし、これらにより構成されている。分配部は先端に複数のノズルを有し、混合された発泡性フェノール樹脂組成物が均一に分配されるように設計されている。さらに、分配部はジャケット式構造になっており、温調水により十分熱交換できるようになっており、ミキシングヘッド分配部の温調水温度を26℃に設定した。また、マルチポート分配管の吐出口には、発泡性フェノール樹脂組成物の中心部の平均温度を検出できるように熱電対を設置した。ミキシングヘッドの回転数は600rpmに設定した。ミキサーから出てきた混合物を不織布で挟み込むように70℃の予加熱オーブンに送り12分滞留させた。なお、ミキサーから吐出された直後の発泡性フェノール樹脂物の中心部の平均温度は45℃だった。その後88℃の第1オーブンに送り、40分の滞留時間で硬化させた後、110℃の第2オーブンで2時間キュアして実施例1のフェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
ミキシングヘッドの回転数を350rpmに変更することによって、ミキサーから吐出された直後の発泡性フェノール樹脂物の中心部の平均温度を40℃とした以外は実施例1と同様に実施例2のフェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
ミキシングヘッドの回転数を950rpmに変更することによって、ミキサーから吐出された直後の発泡性フェノール樹脂物の中心部の平均温度を53℃とした以外は実施例1と同様に実施例3のフェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
硫酸カルシウムの添加量を0.8質量部にした以外は実施例2と同様に実施例4のフェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
硫酸カルシウムの添加量を15質量部とした以外は実施例3と同様に実施例5のフェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
予成形工程のオーブン温度を80℃、滞留時間を20分にした以外は実施例5と同様に実施例6のフェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
金属化合物を、硫酸マグネシウムに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様に実施例7のフェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
金属化合物を、硫酸鉄(II)七水和物に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様に実施例8のフェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
金属化合物を、硫酸カリウムに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様に実施例9のフェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
金属化合物を炭酸カルシウムとし、その添加量を1質量部に変更した以外は実施例6と同様に実施例10のフェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
金属化合物である硫酸カルシウムを無添加とした以外は実施例1と同様に比較例1のフェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
金属化合物である硫酸カルシウムの添加量を0.8質量部とし、ミキシングヘッドの回転数を350rpmとし、さらに、ミキシングヘッド分配部の温調水温度を22℃に変更することによって、ミキサーから吐出された直後の発泡性フェノール樹脂物の中心部の平均温度を38℃とした以外は実施例1と同様にして比較例2のフェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
ミキシングヘッドの回転数を950rpmに変更し、さらに、ミキシングヘッド分配部の温調水温度を28℃に変更することで、ミキサーから吐出された直後の発泡性フェノール樹脂物の中心部の平均温度を57℃とした以外は実施例6と同様にして比較例3のフェノール樹脂発泡体を得た。
Claims (5)
- 下記、(1)、(2)及び(3)を満たし、独立気泡率80%以上、発泡体密度が20~80kg/m3であるフェノール樹脂発泡体。
(1)フェノール樹脂発泡体の最表層における金属化合物の存在割合が0.5~25.0%である。
(2)フェノール樹脂発泡体の中心層における金属化合物の存在割合が0.5~15.0%である。
(3)フェノール樹脂発泡体の最表層から厚み方向に5mmの位置で最表層と平行に切断した断面の平均気泡径が50~120μmである。 - 23℃における熱伝導率が0.0260W/(m・K)以下である請求項1に記載のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
- 前記フェノール樹脂発泡体の最表層における金属化合物の存在割合は、前記フェノール樹脂発泡体の中心層における金属化合物の存在割合よりも大きい請求項1または2に記載のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
- 前記金属化合物の金属が、カルシウム、マグネシウム、亜鉛、バリウム、アルミニウム、鉄、ナトリウム、カリウムの群から選択される少なくとも1種であり、酸化物、塩化物、硫酸化物、炭酸化物の群から選択される少なくとも1種との組み合わせで構成される、1種以上の金属化合物である請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
- 耐アルカリ性試験後の引張強度の強度維持率が30%以上である請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のフェノール樹脂発泡体。
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