WO2023004825A1 - 电池单体、电池、用电设备及电池单体的制造方法和设备 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池、用电设备及电池单体的制造方法和设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023004825A1
WO2023004825A1 PCT/CN2021/109911 CN2021109911W WO2023004825A1 WO 2023004825 A1 WO2023004825 A1 WO 2023004825A1 CN 2021109911 W CN2021109911 W CN 2021109911W WO 2023004825 A1 WO2023004825 A1 WO 2023004825A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
injection hole
battery cell
liquid injection
electrode assembly
protrusion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/109911
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
苏华圣
邢承友
张静
李全坤
王鹏
金海族
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN202180072798.9A priority Critical patent/CN116438711A/zh
Priority to EP21933486.9A priority patent/EP4178028A4/en
Priority to JP2022554353A priority patent/JP7488909B2/ja
Priority to PCT/CN2021/109911 priority patent/WO2023004825A1/zh
Priority to US17/979,009 priority patent/US20230123556A1/en
Publication of WO2023004825A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023004825A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/152—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H01M50/627—Filling ports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, in particular, to a battery cell, a battery, an electrical device, and a method and device for manufacturing the battery cell.
  • Batteries are widely used in electronic equipment, such as mobile phones, laptop computers, battery cars, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes and electric tools, etc.
  • the battery cell generally includes a casing and an electrode assembly.
  • the casing is used to accommodate the electrode assembly and the electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly generally includes a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet. move between them to generate electricity.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell, a battery, an electrical device, and a manufacturing method and device for the battery cell, which can effectively improve liquid injection efficiency.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, including: an electrode assembly having a first tab; a casing having an opening for accommodating the electrode assembly; and an end cap including a cover a body and a first protrusion, the cover body is used to connect with the casing and cover the opening, the first protrusion protrudes from the inner surface of the cover body in a direction facing the electrode assembly , and offset against the first tab; the end cap is provided with a liquid injection hole, and the liquid injection hole is used to allow the electrolyte to enter the interior of the battery cell from the outside of the battery cell,
  • the liquid injection hole is located inside the outer peripheral surface of the first convex part; wherein, the first convex part is provided with a guide channel, and the guide channel communicates with the liquid injection hole and runs through the outer peripheral surface , the guide channel is used to allow at least part of the electrolyte to flow out of the outer peripheral surface.
  • the guide channel communicates with the liquid injection hole and runs through the outer peripheral surface of the first protrusion, during the process of injecting the electrolyte solution into the battery cell through the liquid injection hole , the electrolyte can flow laterally beyond the outer peripheral surface of the first convex part through the guide channel, and then make the electrolyte quickly flow to the outer periphery of the electrode assembly, improve the smoothness of the electrolyte flow, effectively improve the liquid injection efficiency, and make the The electrolyte fully wets the electrode assembly.
  • an abutment surface is formed on the end of the first protrusion away from the cover body, and the abutment surface is used to abut against the first tab;
  • the liquid injection hole communicates with the flow guiding channel through the first concave portion against the first concave portion that is concave in a direction away from the electrode assembly.
  • the end cap is provided with a first concave portion that is recessed from the abutting surface of the first convex portion in a direction away from the electrode assembly, and the liquid injection hole communicates with the guide channel through the first concave portion.
  • This structure allows the electrolyte to pass through After the liquid injection hole enters the first recess, a part of the electrolyte can directly enter the inside of the electrode assembly through the first recess to infiltrate the electrode piece, and a part of the electrolyte can enter the guide channel through the first recess, and finally flow to the first convex In addition to the outer peripheral surface of the part, while improving the wetting effect of the electrolyte on the electrode assembly, the injection efficiency is improved.
  • two ends of the flow guiding channel respectively pass through the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface of the first recess.
  • the two ends of the diversion channel respectively penetrate the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface of the first concave part, which facilitates the electrolyte to enter the diversion channel from the first concave part, and facilitates the lateral flow of the electrolyte to the first convex part. other than the outer peripheral surface.
  • the end cover has a liquid outlet surface, one end of the liquid injection hole passes through the liquid outlet surface, and the liquid outlet surface is located in the first recess; in the thickness direction of the end cover Above, the liquid outlet surface is farther away from the electrode assembly than the abutment surface.
  • the liquid outlet surface is farther away from the electrode assembly than the abutment surface in the thickness direction of the end cap, so that there is a distance between the liquid outlet surface and the electrode assembly, so that the electrolyte can enter the first recess from the liquid injection hole, It is beneficial for the electrolyte to immerse into the electrode assembly and facilitate the lateral flow of the electrolyte.
  • the entire flow guide channel is closer to the electrode assembly than the liquid outlet surface.
  • the overall diversion channel is closer to the electrode assembly than the liquid outlet surface in the thickness direction of the end cap, so that there is a larger distance between the liquid outlet surface and the electrode assembly, and the electrolyte is more likely to enter the diversion channel Inside.
  • the end cap further includes: a second protrusion located in the first recess and protruding from the bottom surface of the first recess in a direction facing the electrode assembly, the liquid outlet A surface is formed at an end of the second protrusion facing the electrode assembly.
  • the second convex part located inside the first concave part can strengthen the position where the liquid injection hole is provided on the end cover, and improve the strength of the position where the liquid injection hole is provided on the end cover.
  • the flow guide channel is a flow guide groove provided at an end of the first protrusion away from the cover body.
  • the flow guide channel is a flow guide groove provided at the end of the first protrusion away from the cover body, which facilitates the formation of the flow guide channel.
  • the side of the diversion groove facing the electrode assembly is open, part of the electrolyte flowing in the diversion channel can directly flow to the inside of the electrode assembly, improving the wetting effect on the electrode assembly.
  • the first protrusion is provided with a plurality of the flow guide channels arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction around the liquid injection hole.
  • the first convex part is provided with a plurality of diversion channels arranged at circumferential intervals around the liquid injection hole, and the electrolyte can flow in multiple different directions through the plurality of diversion channels, further improving the efficiency of liquid injection. efficiency.
  • the flow guide channel extends radially of the liquid injection hole.
  • the diversion channel extends radially along the liquid injection hole, which facilitates the electrolyte to enter the diversion channel and improves the liquid injection efficiency.
  • the liquid injection hole is arranged coaxially with the first protrusion.
  • the electrode assembly has a central hole, and the central hole is disposed opposite to the liquid injection hole in the thickness direction of the end cap.
  • the central hole is arranged opposite to the liquid injection hole, and during the process of injecting the electrolyte into the battery cell through the liquid injection hole, the electrolyte entering the liquid injection hole can quickly enter into the center hole to wet the pole pieces in the electrode assembly.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery, including: the battery cell provided in any one embodiment of the first aspect; and a box for accommodating the battery cell.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide an electric device, including the battery provided in any one embodiment of the second aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a method for manufacturing a battery cell, the method comprising: providing an electrode assembly having a first tab; providing a casing having an opening; providing an end cap; The electrode assembly is accommodated in the housing; the end cap is closed on the opening; wherein, the end cap includes a cover body and a first protrusion, and the cover body is used for connecting with the housing and Covering the opening, the first protrusion protrudes from the inner surface of the cover body in a direction facing the electrode assembly, and the first protrusion is used to abut against the first tab; A liquid injection hole is provided on the end cover, and the liquid injection hole is used to allow the electrolyte to enter the interior of the battery cell from the outside of the battery cell, and the liquid injection hole is located at the top of the first protrusion.
  • the inner side of the outer peripheral surface; the first protrusion is provided with a guide channel, the guide channel communicates with the liquid injection hole and runs through the outer peripheral surface, and the guide channel is used for entering the liquid injection hole
  • the electrolyte inside flows out of the outer peripheral surface.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a battery cell manufacturing equipment, the manufacturing equipment includes: a first providing device for providing an electrode assembly, the electrode assembly has a first tab; a second providing device , for providing the shell, having an opening; a third providing device, for providing the end cap; an assembling device, for accommodating the electrode assembly in the shell; and for closing the end cap on the The opening; wherein, the end cover includes a cover body and a first protrusion, the cover body is used to connect with the housing and cover the opening, and the first protrusion is from the inside of the cover body The surface protrudes along the direction facing the electrode assembly, the first protrusion is used to abut against the first tab; the end cap is provided with a liquid injection hole, and the liquid injection hole is used to supply electrolyte Entering from the outside of the battery cell to the inside of the battery cell, the liquid injection hole is located inside the outer peripheral surface of the first convex part; the first convex part is provided with a guide channel, the The guide channel communicate
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is an exploded view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the battery cell shown in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a partial view of the battery cell shown in Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the end cap shown in Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 is a partial enlarged view of the battery cell A shown in Fig. 4;
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic block diagram of a battery cell manufacturing equipment provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Icons 100-battery; 10-box; 11-first part; 12-second part; 13-accommodating space; 20-battery monomer; 21-electrode assembly; 211-first tab; 212-main body; 213-second tab; 214-central hole; 22-housing; 221-end wall; 222-surrounding wall; 223-first limiting part; 224-second limiting part; Cover; 231-cover body; 232-first convex part; 2321-contact surface; 233-injection hole; 234-guiding channel; 238-the third convex part; 239-the second concave part; 24-blocking part; Connection part; 200-controller; 300-motor; 1000-vehicle; 2000-manufacturing equipment; 2100-first providing device; 2200-second providing device; 2300-third providing device; 2400-assembling device; Z-thickness direction.
  • connection In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms “installation”, “connection”, “connection” and “attachment” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be internal communication between two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application according to specific situations.
  • “Plurality” in this application refers to two or more (including two).
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, or magnesium-ion batteries, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell can be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and pouch battery cells, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack, and the like.
  • Batteries generally include a case for enclosing one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly is composed of a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and a separator.
  • a battery cell works primarily by moving metal ions between the positive and negative pole pieces.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode collector without the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer. Fluid, the positive electrode current collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer is used as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode collector without the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer. Fluid, the negative electrode current collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer is used as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive pole tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative pole tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film may be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene).
  • the electrode assembly may be a wound structure or a laminated structure, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the end cap of the battery cell includes a cap body and a first protrusion.
  • One tab is offset, and the first convex part is provided with a diversion channel.
  • the diversion channel communicates with the liquid injection hole on the end cover and runs through the outer peripheral surface of the first protrusion, so that the electrolyte can flow laterally through the diversion channel to the second.
  • a convex part is out of the outer peripheral surface, thereby improving liquid injection efficiency.
  • Electrical devices can be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and power tools, etc.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles;
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spacecraft, etc.;
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys and electric airplane toys, etc.;
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, electric planers, and more.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not impose special limitations on the above electric equipment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • a battery 100 is disposed inside the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may further include a controller 200 and a motor 300 , the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and running the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 instead of or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery 100 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a box body 10 and a battery cell 20 .
  • the box body 10 may include a first part 11 and a second part 12 , and the first part 11 and the second part 12 cover each other to define an accommodating space 13 for accommodating the battery cells 20 .
  • the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be in various shapes, such as cuboid, cylinder and so on.
  • the first part 11 can be a hollow structure with one side open, and the second part 12 can also be a hollow structure with one side open.
  • the open side of the second part 12 is covered with the open side of the first part 11 to form a box with an accommodating cavity.
  • Body 10 may include a first part 11 and a second part 12 , and the first part 11 and the second part 12 cover each other to define an accommodating space 13 for accommodating the battery cells 20 .
  • the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be in various shapes, such as cuboid, cylinder and so on.
  • the first part 11 can be a hollow structure with one side open
  • the second part 12 can also be a hollow structure with one side open.
  • first part 11 is a hollow structure with one side open
  • second part 12 is a plate-like structure
  • the second part 12 is covered on the open side of the first part 11 to form a box with an accommodating cavity.
  • Body 10 Exemplarily, in FIG. 2 , both the first part 11 and the second part 12 are cuboid structures.
  • first part 11 and the second part 12 can be sealed by a sealing element, and the sealing element can be a sealing ring, a sealant, and the like.
  • the battery 100 there may be one or a plurality of battery cells 20 . If there are multiple battery cells 20 , the multiple battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel.
  • the mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 20 are both in series and in parallel.
  • a plurality of battery cells 20 may be connected in series or in parallel or mixed to form a battery module, and then a plurality of battery modules may be connected in series or in parallel or mixed to form a whole and accommodated in the box 10 . It is also possible that all the battery cells 20 are directly connected in series, parallel or mixed together, and then all the battery cells 20 are housed in the case 10 as a whole.
  • the battery 100 may further include a confluence component, and multiple battery cells 20 may be electrically connected through the confluence component, so as to realize series connection, parallel connection or mixed connection of multiple battery cells 20 .
  • the bus component may be a metal conductor, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, and the like.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a battery cell 20 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the battery cell 20 shown in FIG. 3.
  • the battery cell 20 includes an electrode assembly 21, The shell 22 and the end cap 23 , the electrode assembly 21 has a first tab 211 , the shell 22 has an opening, the shell 22 is used to accommodate the electrode assembly 21 , and the end cap 23 is used to connect and cover the opening of the shell 22 .
  • the end cover 23 includes a cover body 231 and a first protrusion 232, the cover body 231 is used to connect with the casing 22 and cover the opening, and the first protrusion 232 faces the electrode assembly 21 from the inner surface of the cover body 231. protrudes and abuts against the first tab 211 .
  • the end cover 23 is provided with a liquid injection hole 233, the liquid injection hole 233 is used for the electrolyte solution to enter the interior of the battery cell 20 from the outside of the battery cell 20, the liquid injection hole 233 is located on the outer peripheral surface of the first convex portion 232 inside.
  • the first protrusion 232 is provided with a guide channel 234, the guide channel 234 communicates with the liquid injection hole 233 and runs through the outer peripheral surface of the first protrusion 232, the guide channel 234 is used for at least part of the electrolyte to flow to the first protrusion 232 outside the outer peripheral surface.
  • the guide channel 234 communicates with the liquid injection hole 233 and runs through the outer peripheral surface of the first protrusion 232, and injects the electrolyte solution into the battery cell 20 through the liquid injection hole 233.
  • the electrolyte can flow laterally beyond the outer peripheral surface of the first convex portion 232 through the guide channel 234, and then make the electrolyte quickly flow to the outer periphery of the electrode assembly 21, improve the smoothness of the electrolyte flow, and effectively improve the injection efficiency. Liquid efficiency, and make the electrolyte fully infiltrate the electrode assembly 21.
  • liquid injection can be realized without excessive liquid injection pressure, which can effectively reduce the damage of the separator in the electrode assembly 21 due to excessive liquid injection pressure, which will cause the positive pole piece to be disconnected from the negative electrode. Risk of short circuit due to direct contact of pole pieces.
  • the first protruding portion 232 of the end cover 23 abuts against the first tab 211 to realize the electrical connection between the end cover 23 and the first tab 211 .
  • the first protrusion 232 of the end cover 23 can be fixed to the first tab 211, for example, the first protrusion 232 and the first tab 211 are welded together .
  • the liquid injection hole 233 is located inside the outer peripheral surface of the first convex portion 232 , that is, the outer peripheral surface of the first convex portion 232 is located on the outer periphery of the liquid injection hole 233 .
  • the liquid injection hole 233 can be located at the center of the first protrusion 232 , or the liquid injection hole 233 can be deviated from the center of the first protrusion 232 .
  • the liquid injection hole 233 is arranged coaxially with the first convex portion 232, that is, the axis of the liquid injection hole 233 coincides with the axis of the outer peripheral surface of the first convex portion 232, so that the liquid injection hole 233 is located at the center of the first convex portion 232. Central location.
  • the electrode assembly 21 may further include a main body 212 and a second tab 213, the first tab 211 and the second tab 213 protrude from the main body 212, the first tab 211 and the second tab
  • the polarity of the ear 213 is reversed. If the first tab 211 is a positive tab, the second tab 213 is a negative tab; if the first tab 211 is a negative tab, the second tab 213 is a positive tab.
  • the first tab 211 is used for electrical connection with the end cover 23
  • the second tab 213 is used for electrical connection with the casing 22 .
  • first tab 211 and the second tab 213 respectively protrude from opposite ends of the main body 212 in the thickness direction Z of the end cover 23 .
  • the main body part 212 may include a positive electrode tab, a negative electrode tab, and a separator.
  • the main body part 212 may be a winding structure formed by winding the positive pole piece, the separator and the negative pole piece.
  • the main body 212 may also be a laminated structure formed by stacking the positive pole piece, the separator and the negative pole piece.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode collector and a positive electrode active material layer coated on opposite sides of the positive electrode collector.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and negative electrode active material layers coated on opposite sides of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the main body part 212 may be the part of the electrode assembly 21 corresponding to the area of the pole piece coated with the active material layer, and the tab may be the part of the electrode assembly 21 corresponding to the area of the pole piece not coated with the active material layer. Understandably, the positive tab can be the area on the positive pole piece that is not coated with the positive active material layer, and the negative pole tab can be the area on the negative pole piece that is not coated with the negative active material layer.
  • the casing 22 is used to accommodate the electrode assembly 21 , and the casing 22 may be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, and the like.
  • the shape of the casing 22 can be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode assembly 21 .
  • the shell 22 can be a cylindrical structure; if the electrode assembly 21 is a rectangular parallelepiped, the shell 22 can be a rectangular parallelepiped.
  • the housing 22 is a hollow cylindrical structure.
  • the housing 22 can be made of metal, such as copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy and the like.
  • the housing 22 may include an end wall 221 and a peripheral wall 222 surrounding the edge of the end wall 221, the end wall 221 is located at one end of the peripheral wall 222, the other end of the peripheral wall 222 forms an opening, and the end cover 23 is used for
  • the peripheral wall 222 is connected to and covers the opening to form a sealed space for accommodating the electrode assembly 21 and the electrolyte.
  • the second tab 213 is welded to the end wall 221 of the housing 22 to realize the electrical connection between the second tab 213 and the housing 22 .
  • end wall 221 and the peripheral wall 222 may be integrally formed or separated. If the end wall 221 and the peripheral wall 222 are a separate structure, the housing 22 is formed by assembling them together.
  • the peripheral wall 222 of the housing 22 is formed with a first limiting portion 223 and a second limiting portion 224, the first limiting portion 223 is located on the side of the cover body 231 facing the electrode assembly 21, and the second limiting portion The portion 224 is located on the side of the cover body 231 away from the electrode assembly 21.
  • the first limiting portion 223 is used to limit the movement of the cover body 231 relative to the housing 22 in the direction facing the electrode assembly 21, so as to reduce the The lower end cover 23 is forced to squeeze the electrode assembly 21, which may cause the risk of damage to the electrode assembly 21.
  • the second stopper 224 is used to limit the movement of the cover body 231 relative to the housing 22 in a direction away from the electrode assembly 21, so as to limit the end cover. 23 out of the housing 22. That is to say, the first limiting portion 223 and the second limiting portion 224 cooperate to limit the movement of the cover body 231 relative to the housing 22 along the thickness direction Z of the end cover 23 .
  • Both the first limiting portion 223 and the second limiting portion 224 may be ring structures.
  • the peripheral wall 222 of the housing 22 is provided with a roller groove 225 that is recessed inward toward the outer peripheral surface of the peripheral wall 222 , and a first stopper 223 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the peripheral wall 222 at a position corresponding to the roller groove 225 , so that the housing 22 is formed with a constricted structure at the position where the first limiting portion 223 is formed.
  • the second limiting portion 224 is a flange structure formed at the opening where the peripheral wall 222 of the casing 22 is partially folded inward.
  • the electrode assembly 21 can be accommodated in the casing 22 first, and then the end cap 23 is covered on the end of the peripheral wall 222 away from the end wall 221 , and the end cap 23 is positioned at the first stop portion 223 It cannot move to the inside of the housing 22 under the restriction of the housing 22 , and finally the peripheral wall 222 of the housing 22 is partially folded inward to form a second limiting portion 224 to realize the fixing of the end cover 23 .
  • the diversion channel 234 communicates with the liquid injection hole 233, and the diversion channel 234 may directly communicate with the liquid injection hole 233.
  • the diversion channel 234 may directly communicate with the liquid injection hole 233.
  • one end of the diversion channel 234 directly penetrates the wall of the liquid injection hole 233,
  • the guide channel 234 communicates indirectly with the liquid injection hole 233 .
  • FIG. 5 is a partial view of the battery cell 20 shown in FIG. Specifically, an abutting surface 2321 is formed at an end of the first protrusion 232 away from the cover body 231 , and the abutting surface 2321 is used to abut against the first tab 211 .
  • the end cap 23 is provided with a first recess 235 recessed from the abutting surface 2321 in a direction away from the electrode assembly 21 , and the liquid injection hole 233 communicates with the flow guiding channel 234 through the first recess 235 .
  • This structure allows the electrolyte to enter the first concave portion 235 through the liquid injection hole 233, a part of the electrolyte can directly enter the inside of the electrode assembly 21 through the first concave portion 235 to infiltrate the electrode piece, and a part of the electrolyte can enter through the first concave portion 235. to the guide channel 234 , and finally flows out of the outer peripheral surface of the first convex portion 232 , while improving the wetting effect of the electrolyte on the electrode assembly 21 , the liquid injection efficiency is also improved.
  • the first recess 235 is coaxially arranged with the liquid injection hole 233 .
  • first concave portion 235 may be completely located in the first convex portion 232 , or partially recessed into the cover body 231 . If the first concave portion 235 is completely located in the first convex portion 232 , in the thickness direction Z of the end cover 23 , the distance from the bottom surface of the first concave portion 235 to the abutting surface 2321 of the first convex portion 232 is not greater than the inside of the cover body 231 . The distance from the surface to the abutting surface 2321 of the first protrusion 232 . As shown in FIG.
  • the distance from the bottom surface of the first concave portion 235 to the abutting surface 2321 of the first convex portion 232 is greater than
  • the distance from the inner surface of the cover body 231 to the abutting surface 2321 of the first protrusion 232 makes the depth of the first concave portion 235 deeper and can accommodate more electrolyte solution.
  • the two ends of the guide channel 234 pass through the outer peripheral surface of the first convex part 232 and the inner peripheral surface of the first recessed part 235 respectively, which is beneficial for the electrolyte to enter the guide channel 234 from the first recessed part 235 , It is convenient for the electrolyte to flow laterally beyond the outer peripheral surface of the first protrusion 232 .
  • the flow guiding channel 234 may extend along a straight line.
  • the extending direction of the flow guide channel 234 may be perpendicular to the axis of the liquid injection hole 233 , that is, the flow guide channel 234 extends along the radial direction of the liquid injection hole 233 .
  • the extension direction of the flow guide channel 234 can also be set at an acute angle with the axis of the liquid injection hole 233.
  • the end of the flow guide channel 234 that runs through the outer peripheral surface of the first convex portion 232 is more conductive.
  • One end of the channel 234 penetrating the inner peripheral surface of the first concave portion 235 is closer to the electrode assembly 21 , that is, one end of the flow guide channel 234 penetrating the outer peripheral surface of the first convex portion 232 is lower than the inner circumference of the first concave portion 235 .
  • One end of the surface makes the guide channel 234 in an inclined state, which is conducive to the flow of electrolyte in the guide channel 234 .
  • the guide channel 234 extends along the radial direction of the liquid injection hole 233 .
  • two ends of the flow guiding channel 234 respectively pass through the outer peripheral surface of the first convex portion 232 and the bottom surface of the first concave portion 235 .
  • the flow guide channel 234 may be a bent channel formed inside the end cover 23 .
  • the end cap 23 has a liquid outlet surface 236 , one end of the liquid injection hole 233 passes through the liquid outlet surface 236 , and the liquid outlet surface 236 is located in the first recess 235 .
  • the liquid outlet surface 236 is farther away from the electrode assembly 21 than the abutment surface 2321, so that there is a distance between the liquid outlet surface 236 and the electrode assembly 21, which facilitates the electrolyte to enter from the liquid injection hole 233 to the first electrode assembly.
  • the inside of a recess 235 is beneficial for the electrolyte to immerse into the electrode assembly 21 and facilitate the lateral flow of the electrolyte.
  • the guide channel 234 as a whole is closer to the electrode assembly 21 than the liquid outlet surface 236, so that there is a larger distance between the liquid outlet surface 236 and the electrode assembly 21, and the electrolyte It is easier to enter into the guide channel 234 .
  • the end cap 23 may further include a second convex portion 237, which is located in the first concave portion 235 and protrudes from the bottom surface of the first concave portion 235 in a direction facing the electrode assembly 21, and the liquid outlet surface 236 It is formed at one end of the second protrusion 237 facing the electrode assembly 21 .
  • the second protrusion 237 can strengthen the position of the end cover 23 where the liquid injection hole 233 is provided, and improve the strength of the position of the end cover 23 where the liquid injection hole 233 is provided.
  • the electrode assembly 21 has a central hole 214.
  • the central hole 214 is opposite to the liquid injection hole 233, and the electrolyte solution is injected into the battery cell 20 through the liquid injection hole 233.
  • the electrolyte solution entering the liquid injection hole 233 can quickly flow into the central hole 214 to wet the pole piece in the electrode assembly 21 .
  • the central hole 214 is opposite to the liquid injection hole 233, that is, in the thickness direction Z of the end cover 23, the projection of the hole wall of the liquid injection hole 233 is at least partly located in the center Inside the hole 214.
  • the center hole 214 is coaxially arranged with the liquid injection hole 233, and the diameter of the liquid injection hole 233 is smaller than the diameter of the central hole 214, so that the projection of the wall of the liquid injection hole 233 on the thickness direction Z of the end cover 23 is completely located at The center hole 214 makes it easier for the electrolyte to enter the center hole 214 from the liquid injection hole 233 to wet the electrode piece.
  • the end cover 23 may further include a third protrusion 238 protruding from the outer surface of the cover body 231 in a direction away from the electrode assembly 21 , and in the thickness direction Z of the end cover 23 , the third protrusion 238 Projections of the three convex portions 238 completely cover the first concave portion 235 .
  • the third protrusion 238 can strengthen the position of the end cap 23 where the first recess 235 is disposed, so as to improve the strength of the position of the end cap 23 where the first recess 235 is disposed.
  • the third protrusion 238 is a cylindrical structure.
  • the second limiting portion 224 of the housing 22 is located on the outer periphery of the third convex portion 238, that is, the third convex portion 238 is located inside the inner peripheral surface of the second limiting portion 224, and the second limiting portion 224 and the third convex portion 238 respectively serve as two output poles of the battery cell 20 .
  • the output pole is a part where the battery cell 20 is connected with other components and outputs electric energy.
  • the second limiting portion 224 can be used as the positive output pole of the battery cell 20, and the third convex portion 238 can be used as the negative output pole of the battery cell 20; or the second limiting portion 224 can be used as the negative output pole of the battery cell 20 pole, and the third convex portion 238 serves as the positive output pole of the battery cell 20 .
  • the second limiting portion 224 of one battery cell 20 and the third convex portion 238 of the other battery cell 20 Both are connected, eg welded, to the same busbar.
  • the outer surface of the second limiting portion 224 (the surface of the second limiting portion 224 facing away from the cover body 231 in the thickness direction Z of the end cover 23 ) and the outer surface of the third convex portion 238 (the third convex portion 238 is flush with the surface of the cover body 231 in the thickness direction Z of the end cover 23 ), so as to facilitate the connection of the second limiting portion 224 and the third convex portion 238 with the flow-combining component.
  • the battery cell 20 further includes a blocking member 24 for blocking the liquid injection hole 233 .
  • the end cap 23 is provided with a second recess 239, the second recess 239 is recessed from the outer surface of the third protrusion 238 along the direction facing the electrode assembly 21, and the second recess 239 is used to accommodate the blocking member 24 to hide the blocking member 24.
  • the blocking member 24 is less likely to affect the connection between the third convex portion 238 and the confluence component.
  • two ends of the liquid injection hole 233 penetrate through the liquid outlet surface 236 and the bottom surface of the second concave portion 239 respectively.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the end cap 23 shown in FIG. Forming of the guide channel 234 .
  • the diversion groove can be directly processed on the abutting surface 2321 .
  • the side of the diversion groove facing the electrode assembly 21 is open, a part of the electrolyte can flow directly to the inside of the electrode assembly 21 when flowing in the diversion channel 234, so that the electrolyte can enter the electrode assembly 21 for infiltration.
  • the pole piece can effectively improve the wetting effect on the electrode assembly 21 .
  • the guide groove is disposed on the abutting surface 2321 of the first protrusion 232 .
  • the flow guide channel 234 extends radially of the liquid injection hole 233 to facilitate the electrolyte entering into the flow guide channel 234 and improve liquid injection efficiency.
  • the two ends of the flow guiding channel 234 in the radial direction of the liquid injection hole 233 respectively penetrate the outer peripheral surface of the first convex portion 232 and the inner peripheral surface of the first concave portion 235 .
  • the first protrusion 232 is provided with a plurality of guide channels 234 arranged at circumferential intervals around the liquid injection hole 233 , so that the electrolyte can pass through the plurality of guide channels 234 to Flow in multiple different directions further improves the efficiency of liquid injection.
  • the first protrusion 232 is provided with four guide channels 234 arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction around the liquid injection hole 233 .
  • the angle between every two adjacent guide channels 234 is 90 degrees.
  • FIG. 7 is a partially enlarged view of the battery cell 20 shown in FIG.
  • the shell 22 is used to realize the insulating connection between the end cover 23 and the shell 22, so as to reduce the risk of short circuit caused by the contact between the end cover 23 and the shell 22.
  • the insulator 25 can be made of insulating materials such as plastic and rubber.
  • the insulator 25 is disposed between the peripheral wall 222 of the housing 22 and the cover body 231 of the end cover 23 to separate the cover body 231 from the peripheral wall 222 of the housing 22 to realize insulation between the end cover 23 and the housing 22 connect.
  • the insulator 25 between the end cover 23 and the housing 22 can only play an insulating role, or it can play a sealing role while playing an insulating role, so as to realize the connection between the end cover 23 and the housing. 22 seals.
  • the insulator 25 includes a first connection part 251 , a second connection part 252 , a third connection part 253 and a fourth connection part 254 connected in sequence.
  • the first connecting portion 251 and the third connecting portion 253 are respectively located on both sides of the cover body 231, and the cover body 231 presses the third connecting portion 253 against the first limiting portion 223, the second The two limiting portions 224 press the first connecting portion 251 against the cover body 231 .
  • the second connecting portion 252 is located between the outer peripheral surface of the cover body 231 and the inner peripheral surface of the housing 22 .
  • the fourth connecting portion 254 is located between the outer peripheral surface of the first convex portion 232 and the inner peripheral surface of the first limiting portion 223, the fourth connecting portion 254 is used to separate the first convex portion 232 and the first limiting portion 223, lowering the The first protruding portion 232 is in contact with the first limiting portion 223 to cause a risk of short circuit.
  • first connecting portion 251 , the second connecting portion 252 , the third connecting portion 253 and the fourth connecting portion 254 may all be ring structures.
  • FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a battery cell 20 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the manufacturing method includes:
  • the end cover 23 includes a cover body 231 and a first protrusion 232, the cover body 231 is used to connect with the casing 22 and cover the opening, and the first protrusion 232 faces the electrode assembly 21 from the inner surface of the cover body 231. Protruding, the first protrusion 232 is used to abut against the first tab 211 .
  • the end cover 23 is provided with a liquid injection hole 233, the liquid injection hole 233 is used for the electrolyte solution to enter the interior of the battery cell 20 from the outside of the battery cell 20, the liquid injection hole 233 is located on the outer peripheral surface of the first convex portion 232 inside.
  • the first protruding portion 232 is provided with a guide channel 234 , the guide channel 234 communicates with the liquid injection hole 233 and runs through the outer peripheral surface, and the flow guide channel 234 is used to allow the electrolyte entering the liquid injection hole 233 to flow out of the outer peripheral surface.
  • step S100, step S200, and step S300 is not limited.
  • step S300 may be executed first, then step S200, and then step S100.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of the battery cell 20 manufacturing equipment 2000 provided by some embodiments of the present application. It includes a first providing device 2100 , a second providing device 2200 , a third providing device 2300 and an assembling device 2400 .
  • the first providing device 2100 is used for providing the electrode assembly 21
  • the electrode assembly 21 has a first tab 211
  • the second providing device 2200 is used to provide the casing 22 and has an opening.
  • the third providing device 2300 is used for providing the end cap 23 ; the assembling device 2400 is used for accommodating the electrode assembly 21 in the casing 22 .
  • the assembly device 2400 is also used to close the end cap 23 to the opening.
  • the end cover 23 includes a cover body 231 and a first protrusion 232, the cover body 231 is used to connect with the casing 22 and cover the opening, and the first protrusion 232 faces the electrode assembly 21 from the inner surface of the cover body 231. Protruding, the first protrusion 232 is used to abut against the first tab 211 .
  • the end cover 23 is provided with a liquid injection hole 233, the liquid injection hole 233 is used for the electrolyte solution to enter the interior of the battery cell 20 from the outside of the battery cell 20, the liquid injection hole 233 is located on the outer peripheral surface of the first convex portion 232 inside.
  • the first protruding portion 232 is provided with a guide channel 234 , the guide channel 234 communicates with the liquid injection hole 233 and runs through the outer peripheral surface, and the flow guide channel 234 is used to allow the electrolyte entering the liquid injection hole 233 to flow out of the outer peripheral surface.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Filling, Topping-Up Batteries (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体、电池、用电设备及电池单体的制造方法和设备，属于电池技术领域。其中，电池单体包括电极组件、壳体以及端盖。电极组件具有第一极耳。壳体具有开口，壳体用于容纳电极组件。端盖包括盖本体和第一凸部，盖本体用于与壳体连接并盖合开口，第一凸部从盖本体的内表面沿面向电极组件的方向凸出，并与第一极耳相抵。端盖上设有注液孔，注液孔位于第一凸部的外周面的内侧。第一凸部设置有导流通道，导流通道与注液孔连通且贯穿外周面，导流通道用于供至少部分电解液流动至外周面以外。通过注液孔向电池单体内部注入电解液的过程中，电解液能够通过导流通道侧向流动至第一凸部的外周面以外，可有效提高注液效率。

Description

电池单体、电池、用电设备及电池单体的制造方法和设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种电池单体、电池、用电设备及电池单体的制造方法和设备。
背景技术
电池广泛用于电子设备，例如手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等等。
电池单体一般包括壳体和电极组件，壳体用于容纳电极组件和电解液，电极组件一般包括正极极片和负极极片，通过金属离子(如锂离子)在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来产生电能。
对于一般的电池单体而言，通过注液孔向电池单体内部注入电解液的过程中较为困难，注液效率较低。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种电池单体、电池、用电设备及电池单体的制造方法和设备，能够有效提高注液效率。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，包括：电极组件，具有第一极耳；壳体，具有开口，所述壳体用于容纳所述电极组件；以及端盖，包括盖本体和第一凸部，所述盖本体用于与所述壳体连接并盖合所述开口，所述第一凸部从所述盖本体的内表面沿面向所述电极组件的方向凸出，并与所述第一极耳相抵；所述端盖上设有注液孔，所述注液孔用于供电解液从所述电池单体的外部进入到所述电池单体的内部，所述注液孔位于所述第一凸部的外周面的内侧；其中，所述第一凸部设置有导流通道，所述导流通道与所述注液孔连通且贯穿所述外周面，所述导流通道用于供至少部分电解液流动至所述外周面以外。
上述技术方案中，由于第一凸部上设置有导流通道，导流通道与注液孔连通且贯穿第一凸部的外周面，通过注液孔向电池单体内部注入电解液的过程中，电解液能够通过导流通道侧向流动至第一凸部的外周面以外，进而使电解液快速向电极组件的外周流动，提高电解液流动的顺畅性，可有效提高注液效率，并使电解液充分浸润电极组件。
在一些实施例中，所述第一凸部背离所述盖本体的一端形成有抵靠面，所述抵靠面用于与所述第一极耳相抵；所述端盖设有从所述抵靠面向 背离所述电极组件的方向凹陷的第一凹部，所述注液孔与所述导流通道通过所述第一凹部连通。
上述技术方案中，端盖上设有从第一凸部的抵靠面向背离电极组件的方向凹陷的第一凹部，注液孔与导流通道通过第一凹部连通，这种结构使得电解液通过注液孔进入第一凹部后，一部分电解液能够通过第一凹部直接进入到电极组件内部，以浸润极片，一部分电解液能够通过第一凹部进入到导流通道，并最终流动至第一凸部的外周面以外，在提高电解液对电极组件的浸润效果的同时，提高了注液效率。
在一些实施例中，所述导流通道的两端分别贯穿所述外周面和所述第一凹部的内周面。
上述技术方案中，导流通道的两端分别贯穿外周面和第一凹部的内周面，有利于电解液从第一凹部进入至导流通道内，便于电解液侧向流动至第一凸部的外周面以外。
在一些实施例中，所述端盖具有出液面，所述注液孔的一端贯穿所述出液面，所述出液面位于所述第一凹部内；在所述端盖的厚度方向上，所述出液面较所述抵靠面更远离所述电极组件。
上述技术方案中，出液面在端盖的厚度方向上较抵靠面更远离电极组件，使得出液面与电极组件之间存在距离，便于电解液从注液孔进入至第一凹部内，有利于电解液浸入电极组件，且有利于电解液侧向流动。
在一些实施例中，在所述端盖的厚度方向上，所述导流通道整体较所述出液面更靠近于所述电极组件。
上述技术方案中，导流通道整体在端盖的厚度方向上较出液面更靠近于电极组件，使得出液面与电极组件之间存在较大的距离，电解液更容易进入到导流通道内。
在一些实施例中，所述端盖还包括：第二凸部，位于所述第一凹部内，并从所述第一凹部的底面沿面向所述电极组件的方向凸出，所述出液面形成于所述第二凸部面向所述电极组件的一端。
上述技术方案中，位于第一凹部的内的第二凸部能够对端盖设置注液孔的位置起到加强作用，提高端盖设置注液孔的位置的强度。
在一些实施例中，导流通道为设置于所述第一凸部背离所述盖本体的一端的导流槽。
上述技术方案中，导流通道为设置于第一凸部背离盖本体的一端的导流槽，便于导流通道的成型。此外，由于导流槽面向电极组件的一侧为开放的，电解液在导流通道内流动时的一部分可直接向电极组件的内部流 动，提高对电极组件的浸润效果。
在一些实施例中，所述第一凸部设置有以所述注液孔为中心周向间隔布置的多个所述导流通道。
上述技术方案中，第一凸部上设有以注液孔为中心周向间隔布置的多个导流通道，电解液能够通过多个导流通道向多个不同的方向流动，进一步提高注液效率。
在一些实施例中，所述导流通道沿所述注液孔的径向延伸。
上述技术方案中，导流通道沿注液孔的径向延伸，便于电解液进入到导流通道内，提高注液效率。
在一些实施例中，所述注液孔与所述第一凸部同轴设置。
在一些实施例中，所述电极组件具有中心孔，在所述端盖的厚度方向上，所述中心孔与所述注液孔相对设置。
上述技术方案中，在端盖的厚度方向上，中心孔与注液孔相对设置，在通过注液孔向电池单体内部注入电解液的过程中，进入注液孔内的电解液能够快速进入到中心孔内，以浸润电极组件中的极片。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池，包括：第一方面任意一个实施例提供的电池单体；以及箱体，用于容纳所述电池单体。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种用电设备，包括第二方面任意一个实施例提供的电池。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体的制造方法，所述方法包括：提供电极组件，所述电极组件具有第一极耳；提供壳体，具有开口；提供端盖；将所述电极组件容纳于所述壳体内；将所述端盖盖合于所述开口；其中，所述端盖包括盖本体和第一凸部，所述盖本体用于与所述壳体连接并盖合所述开口，所述第一凸部从所述盖本体的内表面沿面向所述电极组件的方向凸出，所述第一凸部用于与所述第一极耳相抵；所述端盖上设有注液孔，所述注液孔用于供电解液从所述电池单体的外部进入到所述电池单体的内部，所述注液孔位于所述第一凸部的外周面的内侧；所述第一凸部设置有导流通道，所述导流通道与所述注液孔连通且贯穿所述外周面，所述导流通道用于供进入所述注液孔内的电解液流动至所述外周面以外。
第五方面，本申请实施例还提供一种电池单体的制造设备，所述制造设备包括：第一提供装置，用于提供电极组件，所述电极组件具有第一极耳；第二提供装置，用于提供壳体，具有开口；第三提供装置，用于提供端盖；组装装置，用于将所述电极组件容纳于所述壳体内；还用于将所 述端盖盖合于所述开口；其中，所述端盖包括盖本体和第一凸部，所述盖本体用于与所述壳体连接并盖合所述开口，所述第一凸部从所述盖本体的内表面沿面向所述电极组件的方向凸出，所述第一凸部用于与所述第一极耳相抵；所述端盖上设有注液孔，所述注液孔用于供电解液从所述电池单体的外部进入到所述电池单体的内部，所述注液孔位于所述第一凸部的外周面的内侧；所述第一凸部设置有导流通道，所述导流通道与所述注液孔连通且贯穿所述外周面，所述导流通道用于供进入所述注液孔内的电解液流动至所述外周面以外。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的结构示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸图；
图4为图3所示的电池单体的剖视图；
图5为图4所示的电池单体的局部视图；
图6为图5所示的端盖的结构示意图；
图7为图4所示的电池单体A处的局部放大图；
图8为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的制造方法的流程图；
图9为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的制造设备的示意性框图。
图标：100-电池；10-箱体；11-第一部分；12-第二部分；13-容纳空间；20-电池单体；21-电极组件；211-第一极耳；212-主体部；213-第二极耳；214-中心孔；22-壳体；221-端壁；222-周壁；223-第一限位部；224-第二限位部；225-辊槽；23-端盖；231-盖本体；232-第一凸部；2321-抵靠面；233-注液孔；234-导流通道；235-第一凹部；236-出液面；237-第二凸部；238-第三凸部；239-第二凹部；24-封堵件；25-绝缘件；251-第一连接部；252-第二连接部；253-第三连接部；254-第四连接部；200-控制器；300-马达；1000-车辆；2000-制造设备；2100-第一提供装置；2200-第二提供装置；2300-第三提供装置；2400-组装装置；Z-厚度方向。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
对于一般的电池单体而言，通过注液孔向电池单体内部注入电解液的过程中较为困难，注液效率较低。
发明人发现，在电池单体中，在端盖与电极组件的极耳电连接的情况下，端盖的内表面与极耳相抵，在通过端盖上的注液孔向电池单体内部注入电解液的过程中，电解液很难从端盖的内表面与极耳之间侧向流动，导致注液效率低的问题。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种技术方案，电池单体的端盖包括盖本体和第一凸部，第一凸部从盖本体的内表面沿面向电极组件的方向凸出，并与第一极耳相抵，第一凸部设置有导流通道，导流通道与端盖上的注液孔连通且贯通第一凸部的外周面，使得电解液能够通过导流通道侧向流通至第一凸部为外周面以外，从而提高注液效率。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池单体、电池以及使用电池的用电设备。
用电设备可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电 动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电设备不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电设备为车辆为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图，车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。
车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
在一些实施例中，请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的结构示意图，电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20，箱体10用于容纳电池单体20。
箱体10可以包括第一部分11和第二部分12，第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合，以限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间13。第一部分11和第二部分12可以是多种形状，比如，长方体、圆柱体等。第一部分11可以是一侧开放的空心结构，第二部分12也可以是一侧开放的空心结构，第二部分12的开放侧盖合于第一部分11的开放侧，则形成具有容纳腔的箱体10。如图2所示，也可以是第一部分11为一侧开放的空心结构，第二部分12为板状结构，第二部分12盖合于第一部分11的开放侧，则形成具有容纳腔的箱体10。示例性的，在图2中，第一部分11和第二部分12均为长方体结构。
其中，第一部分11与第二部分12可以通过密封元件来实现密封，密封元件可以是密封圈、密封胶等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是一个、也可以是多个。若电池单体20为多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。也可以是所有电池单体20之间直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将所有电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内。
在一些实施例中，电池100还可以包括汇流部件，多个电池单体20之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现多个电池单体20的串联或并联 或混联。
汇流部件可以是金属导体，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金等。
请参照图3和图4，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的爆炸图，图4为图3所示的电池单体20的剖视图，电池单体20包括电极组件21、壳体22和端盖23，电极组件21具有第一极耳211，壳体22具有开口，壳体22用于容纳电极组件21，端盖23用于连接并盖合于壳体22的开口。
其中，端盖23包括盖本体231和第一凸部232，盖本体231用于与壳体22连接并盖合开口，第一凸部232从盖本体231的内表面沿面向电极组件21的方向凸出，并与第一极耳211相抵。端盖23上设有注液孔233，注液孔233用于供电解液从电池单体20的外部进入到电池单体20的内部，注液孔233位于第一凸部232的外周面的内侧。第一凸部232设置有导流通道234，导流通道234与注液孔233连通且贯穿第一凸部232的外周面，导流通道234用于供至少部分电解液流动至第一凸部232的外周面以外。
由于第一凸部232上设置有导流通道234，导流通道234与注液孔233连通且贯穿第一凸部232的外周面，通过注液孔233向电池单体20内部注入电解液的过程中，电解液能够通过导流通道234侧向流动至第一凸部232的外周面以外，进而使电解液快速向电极组件21的外周流动，提高电解液流动的顺畅性，可有效提高注液效率，并使电解液充分浸润电极组件21。对于上述结构的电池单体20而言，无需过大的注液压力就能够实现注液，可有效降低因注液压力过大造成电极组件21中的隔离膜损坏，而导致正极极片与负极极片直接接触短路的风险。
端盖23的第一凸部232与第一极耳211相抵，可以实现端盖23与第一极耳211的电连接。为保证第一极耳211与端盖23的良好接触，可以将端盖23的第一凸部232与第一极耳211固定，比如，第一凸部232与第一极耳211焊接在一起。
需要说明的是，注液孔233位于第一凸部232的外周面的内侧，即第一凸部232的外周面位于注液孔233的外周。注液孔233可以位于第一凸部232的中心位置，注液孔233也可以偏离第一凸部232的中心位置。示例性的，注液孔233与第一凸部232同轴设置，即注液孔233的轴线与第一凸部232的外周面的轴线重合，使得注液孔233位于第一凸部232的中心位置。
在一些实施例中，电极组件21还可以包括主体部212和第二极耳213，第一极耳211和第二极耳213均凸出于主体部212，第一极耳211与第二极耳213的极性相反。若第一极耳211为正极极耳，则第二极耳213 则为负极极耳；若第一极耳211为负极极耳，第二极耳213则为正极极耳。第一极耳211用于与端盖23电连接，第二极耳213用于壳体22电连接。
示例性的，第一极耳211和第二极耳213分别凸出于主体部212在端盖23的厚度方向Z上相对的两端。
主体部212可以包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜。主体部212可以是由正极极片、隔离膜和负极极片通过卷绕形成的卷绕式结构。主体部212也可以是由正极极片、隔离膜和负极极片通过层叠布置形成的层叠式结构。
正极极片包括正极集流体和涂覆于正极集流体相对的两侧的正极活性物质层。负极极片包括负极集流体和涂覆于负极集流体相对的两侧的负极活性物质层。主体部212可以是电极组件21与极片涂覆有活性物质层的区域对应的部分，极耳可以是电极组件21与极片未涂覆活性物质层的区域相对应的部分。可理解的，正极极耳可以是正极极片上未涂覆正极活性物质层的区域，负极极耳可以是负极极片上未涂覆负极活性物质层的区域。
在本申请实施例中，壳体22用于容纳电极组件21，壳体22可以是多种形状，比如圆柱体、长方体等。壳体22的形状可根据电极组件21的具体形状来确定。比如，若电极组件21为圆柱体结构，壳体22则可选用为圆柱体结构；若电极组件21为长方体结构，壳体22则可选用长方体结构。示例性的，在图3和图4中，壳体22为空心圆柱体结构。
壳体22可以是金属材质，比如，铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等。
在一些实施例中，壳体22可以包括端壁221和围设于端壁221的边缘的周壁222，端壁221位于周壁222的一端，周壁222的另一端形成开口，端盖23用于与周壁222相连并盖合于开口，以形成用于容纳电极组件21和电解液的密封空间。
示例性的，第二极耳213与壳体22的端壁221焊接，以实现第二极耳213与壳体22的电连接。
需要说明的是，端壁221与周壁222可以是一体成型结构，也可以是分体式结构。若端壁221与周壁222为分体式结构，将两者组装到一起则形成壳体22。
在一些实施例中，壳体22的周壁222形成有第一限位部223和第二限位部224，第一限位部223位于盖本体231面向电极组件21的一侧，第二限位部224位于盖本体231背离电极组件21的一侧，在端盖23的厚度方向Z上，第一限位部223用于限制盖本体231向面向电极组件21的方向相对壳体22移动，以降低端盖23受力挤压电极组件21，而造成电极组件21损坏的风险，第二限位部224用于限制盖本体231向背离电极组 件21的方向相对壳体22移动，以限制端盖23脱离壳体22。也就是说，第一限位部223和第二限位部224起到配合限制盖本体231相对壳体22沿端盖23的厚度方向Z移动的作用。
第一限位部223和第二限位部224均可以是环形结构。
示例性的，壳体22的周壁222上设有向周壁222的外周面向内凹陷的辊槽225，并在周壁222的内周面上与辊槽225相对应的位置形成第一限位部223，使得壳体22在形成第一限位部223的位置形成有缩颈结构。
示例性的，第二限位部224为壳体22的周壁222局部向内翻折并在开口位置形成的翻边结构。
在组装电池单体20的过程中，可先将电极组件21容纳于壳体22内，再将端盖23盖合于周壁222远离端壁221的一端，端盖23在第一限位部223的限制作用下无法向壳体22的内部移动，最后再将壳体22的周壁222局部向内翻折形成第二限位部224，以实现对端盖23的固定。
在本申请实施例中，导流通道234与注液孔233连通，可以是导流通道234与注液孔233直接连通，比如，导流通道234的一端直接贯穿注液孔233的孔壁，当然，也可以是导流通道234与注液孔233间接连通。
在一些实施例中，请参照图5，图5为图4所示的电池单体20的局部视图，导流通道234与注液孔233间接连通。具体地，第一凸部232背离盖本体231的一端形成有抵靠面2321，抵靠面2321用于与第一极耳211相抵。端盖23设有从抵靠面2321向背离电极组件21的方向凹陷的第一凹部235，注液孔233与导流通道234通过第一凹部235连通。这种结构使得电解液通过注液孔233进入第一凹部235后，一部分电解液能够通过第一凹部235直接进入到电极组件21内部，以浸润极片，一部分电解液能够通过第一凹部235进入到导流通道234，并最终流动至第一凸部232的外周面以外，在提高电解液对电极组件21的浸润效果的同时，提高了注液效率。
示例性的，第一凹部235与注液孔233同轴设置。
需要说明的是，第一凹部235可以完全位于第一凸部232内，也可以部分凹陷至盖本体231内。若第一凹部235完全位于第一凸部232内，在端盖23的厚度方向Z上，第一凹部235的底面到第一凸部232的抵靠面2321的距离不大于盖本体231的内表面到第一凸部232的抵靠面2321的距离。如图5所示，若第一凹部235的一部分凹陷至盖本体231内，在端盖23的厚度方向Z上，第一凹部235的底面到第一凸部232的抵靠面2321的距离大于盖本体231的内表面到第一凸部232的抵靠面2321的距离，使得第一凹部235的深度更深，能够容纳更多的电解液。
在一些实施例中，导流通道234的两端分别贯穿第一凸部232的外 周面和第一凹部235的内周面，有利于电解液从第一凹部235进入至导流通道234内，便于电解液侧向流动至第一凸部232的外周面以外。
导流通道234可以沿直线延伸。导流通道234的延伸方向可以与注液孔233的轴线垂直，即导流通道234沿注液孔233的径向延伸。导流通道234的延伸方向也可以与注液孔233的轴线呈锐角设置，比如，在端盖23的厚度方向Z上，导流通道234贯穿第一凸部232的外周面的一端较导流通道234贯穿第一凹部235的内周面的一端更靠近于电极组件21，即导流通道234贯穿第一凸部232的外周面的一端低于导流通道234贯穿第一凹部235的内周面的一端，使得导流通道234处于倾斜状态，有利于电解液在导流通道234内流动。在图5中，导流通道234沿注液孔233的径向延伸。
在另一些实施例中，导流通道234的两端分别贯穿第一凸部232的外周面和第一凹部235的底面。在本实施例中，导流通道234可以是形成于端盖23内部的弯折通道。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图5，端盖23具有出液面236，注液孔233的一端贯穿出液面236，出液面236位于第一凹部235内。在端盖23的厚度方向Z上，出液面236较抵靠面2321更远离电极组件21，使得出液面236与电极组件21之间存在距离，便于电解液从注液孔233进入至第一凹部235内，有利于电解液浸入电极组件21，且有利于电解液侧向流动。
可选地，在端盖23的厚度方向Z上，导流通道234整体较出液面236更靠近于电极组件21，使得出液面236与电极组件21之间存在较大的距离，电解液更容易进入到导流通道234内。
可选地，端盖23还可以包括第二凸部237，第二凸部237位于第一凹部235内，并从第一凹部235的底面沿面向电极组件21的方向凸出，出液面236形成于第二凸部237面向电极组件21的一端。第二凸部237能够对端盖23设置注液孔233的位置起到加强作用，提高端盖23设置注液孔233的位置的强度。
在一些实施例中，电极组件21具有中心孔214，在端盖23的厚度方向Z上，中心孔214与注液孔233相对设置，在通过注液孔233向电池单体20内部注入电解液的过程中，进入注液孔233内的电解液能够快速流入到中心孔214内，以浸润电极组件21中的极片。
需要说明的是，在端盖23的厚度方向Z上，中心孔214与注液孔233相对设置，即在端盖23的厚度方向Z上，注液孔233的孔壁的投影至少部分位于中心孔214内。
示例性的，中心孔214与注液孔233同轴设置，注液孔233的孔径小于中心孔214的孔径，使得注液孔233的孔壁在端盖23的厚度方向Z 上的投影完全位于中心孔214内，使得电解液更容易从注液孔233进入到中心孔214内，以浸润极片。
在一些实施例中，端盖23还可以包括第三凸部238，第三凸部238从盖本体231的外表面向背离电极组件21的方向凸出，在端盖23的厚度方向Z上，第三凸部238的投影完全覆盖第一凹部235。第三凸部238可对端盖23设置第一凹部235的位置起到加强作用，以提高端盖23设置第一凹部235的位置的强度。
示例性的，第三凸部238为圆柱形结构。
在一些实施例中，壳体22的第二限位部224位于第三凸部238的外周，即第三凸部238位于第二限位部224的内周面的内侧，第二限位部224和第三凸部238分别作为电池单体20的两个输出极。输出极为电池单体20与其他部件连接并输出电能的部分。可以是第二限位部224作为电池单体20的正输出极，第三凸部238作为电池单体20的负输出极；也可以是第二限位部224作为电池单体20的负输出极，第三凸部238作为电池单体20的正输出极。以两个电池单体20通过汇流部件电连接，以实现两个电池单体20串联为例，一个电池单体20的第二限位部224和另一个电池单体20的第三凸部238均与同一个汇流部件连接，比如焊接。
可选地，第二限位部224的外表面(第二限位部224在端盖23的厚度方向Z上背离盖本体231的表面)与第三凸部238的外表面(第三凸部238在端盖23的厚度方向Z上背离盖本体231的表面)平齐，以便于第二限位部224以及第三凸部238与汇流部件连接。
在一些实施例中，电池单体20还包括封堵件24，封堵件24用于封堵注液孔233。端盖23上设有第二凹部239，第二凹部239从第三凸部238的外表面沿面向电极组件21的方向凹陷，第二凹部239用于容纳封堵件24，以隐藏封堵件24，封堵件24不易对第三凸部238与汇流部件的连接造成影响。
示例性的，注液孔233的两端分别贯穿出液面236和第二凹部239的底面。
在一些实施例中，请参照图6，图6为图5所示的端盖23的结构示意图，导流通道234为设置于第一凸部232背离盖本体231的一端的导流槽，便于导流通道234的成型。在实际生产过程中，可直接在抵靠面2321上加工导流槽。
此外，由于导流槽面向电极组件21的一侧是开放的，电解液在导流通道234内流动时的一部分可直接向电极组件21的内部流动，便于电解液进入到电极组件21的内部浸润极片，能够有效提高对电极组件21的浸润效果。
示例性的，导流槽设置于第一凸部232的抵靠面2321上。
在一些实施例中，导流通道234沿注液孔233的径向延伸，便于电解液进入到导流通道234内，提高注液效率。
以端盖23上形成有第一凹部235为例，导流通道234在注液孔233的径向上的两端分别贯穿第一凸部232的外周面和第一凹部235的内周面。
在本申请实施例中，第一凸部232上的导流通道234可以是一个，也可以是多个。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图6，第一凸部232设置有以注液孔233为中心周向间隔布置的多个导流通道234，使得电解液能够通过多个导流通道234向多个不同的方向流动，进一步提高注液效率。
示例性的，在图6中，第一凸部232设置有以注液孔233为中心周向间隔布置的四个导流通道234。其中，每相邻的两个导流通道234之间的夹角呈90度。
在一些实施例中，请参照图7，图7为图4所示的电池单体20处的局部放大图，电池单体20还可以包括绝缘件25，绝缘件25用于隔离端盖23和壳体22，以实现端盖23与壳体22的绝缘连接，以降低端盖23与壳体22接触造成短路的风险。
绝缘件25可以是诸如塑料、橡胶等绝缘材质。
示例性的，绝缘件25设置于壳体22的周壁222与端盖23的盖本体231之间，以将盖本体231与壳体22的周壁222分离，实现端盖23与壳体22的绝缘连接。
需要说明的是，在端盖23与壳体22之间的绝缘件25可以仅起到绝缘作用，也可以是在起到绝缘作用的同时，起到密封作用，以实现端盖23与壳体22的密封。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件25包括依次连接的第一连接部251、第二连接部252、第三连接部253和第四连接部254。在端盖23的厚度方向Z上，第一连接部251和第三连接部253分别位于盖本体231的两侧，盖本体231将第三连接部253抵压于第一限位部223，第二限位部224将第一连接部251抵压于盖本体231。第二连接部252位于盖本体231的外周面与壳体22的内周面之间。第四连接部254位于第一凸部232的外周面与第一限位部223的内周面之间，第四连接部254用于分隔第一凸部232和第一限位部223，降低第一凸部232与第一限位部223接触而造成短路的风险。
其中，第一连接部251、第二连接部252、第三连接部253和第四连接部254均可以是环形结构。
本申请实施例提供一种电池单体20的制造方法，请参照图8，图8为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的制造方法的流程图，制造 方法包括：
S100：提供电极组件21，所述电极组件21具有第一极耳211；
S200：提供壳体22，具有开口；
S300：提供端盖23；
S400：将电极组件21容纳于壳体22内；
S500：将端盖23盖合于壳体22的开口；
其中，端盖23包括盖本体231和第一凸部232，盖本体231用于与壳体22连接并盖合开口，第一凸部232从盖本体231的内表面沿面向电极组件21的方向凸出，第一凸部232用于与第一极耳211相抵。端盖23上设有注液孔233，注液孔233用于供电解液从电池单体20的外部进入到电池单体20的内部，注液孔233位于第一凸部232的外周面的内侧。第一凸部232设置有导流通道234，导流通道234与注液孔233连通且贯穿外周面，导流通道234用于供进入注液孔233内的电解液流动至外周面以外。
在上述方法中，并不限制步骤S100、步骤S200和步骤S300先后顺序，比如，可以先执行步骤S300，再执行步骤S200，再执行步骤S100。
需要说明的是，通过上述各实施例提供的制造方法制造的电池单体20的相关结构，可参见前述各实施例提供的电池单体20，在此不再赘述。
此外，本申请实施例还提供一种电池单体20的制造设备2000，请参照图9，图9为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的制造设备2000的示意性框图，制造设备2000包括第一提供装置2100、第二提供装置2200、第三提供装置2300和组装装置2400。
其中，第一提供装置2100用于提供电极组件21，电极组件21具有第一极耳211。第二提供装置2200用于提供壳体22，具有开口。第三提供装置2300用于提供端盖23；组装装置2400用于将电极组件21容纳于壳体22。组装装置2400还用于将端盖23盖合于开口。
其中，端盖23包括盖本体231和第一凸部232，盖本体231用于与壳体22连接并盖合开口，第一凸部232从盖本体231的内表面沿面向电极组件21的方向凸出，第一凸部232用于与第一极耳211相抵。端盖23上设有注液孔233，注液孔233用于供电解液从电池单体20的外部进入到电池单体20的内部，注液孔233位于第一凸部232的外周面的内侧。第一凸部232设置有导流通道234，导流通道234与注液孔233连通且贯穿外周面，导流通道234用于供进入注液孔233内的电解液流动至外周面以外。
需要说明的是，通过上述实施例提供的制造设备2000制造的电 池单体20的相关结构，可参见前述各实施例提供的电池单体20，在此不再赘述。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    电极组件，具有第一极耳；
    壳体，具有开口，所述壳体用于容纳所述电极组件；以及
    端盖，包括盖本体和第一凸部，所述盖本体用于与所述壳体连接并盖合所述开口，所述第一凸部从所述盖本体的内表面沿面向所述电极组件的方向凸出，并与所述第一极耳相抵；所述端盖上设有注液孔，所述注液孔用于供电解液从所述电池单体的外部进入到所述电池单体的内部，所述注液孔位于所述第一凸部的外周面的内侧；
    其中，所述第一凸部设置有导流通道，所述导流通道与所述注液孔连通且贯穿所述外周面，所述导流通道用于供至少部分电解液流动至所述外周面以外。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一凸部背离所述盖本体的一端形成有抵靠面，所述抵靠面用于与所述第一极耳相抵；
    所述端盖设有从所述抵靠面向背离所述电极组件的方向凹陷的第一凹部，所述注液孔与所述导流通道通过所述第一凹部连通。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其中，所述导流通道的两端分别贯穿所述外周面和所述第一凹部的内周面。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的电池单体，其中，所述端盖具有出液面，所述注液孔的一端贯穿所述出液面，所述出液面位于所述第一凹部内；
    在所述端盖的厚度方向上，所述出液面较所述抵靠面更远离所述电极组件。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池单体，其中，在所述端盖的厚度方向上，所述导流通道整体较所述出液面更靠近于所述电极组件。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的电池单体，其中，所述端盖还包括：
    第二凸部，位于所述第一凹部内，并从所述第一凹部的底面沿面向所述电极组件的方向凸出，所述出液面形成于所述第二凸部面向所述电极组件的一端。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述导流通道为设置于所述第一凸部背离所述盖本体的一端的导流槽。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一凸部设置有以所述注液孔为中心周向间隔布置的多个所述导流通道。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述导流通道沿所述注液孔的径向延伸。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述注液孔与所 述第一凸部同轴设置。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电极组件具有中心孔，在所述端盖的厚度方向上，所述中心孔与所述注液孔相对设置。
  12. 一种电池，包括：
    根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的电池单体；以及
    箱体，用于容纳所述电池单体。
  13. 一种用电设备，包括权利要求12所述的电池。
  14. 一种电池单体的制造方法，所述方法包括：
    提供电极组件，所述电极组件具有第一极耳；
    提供壳体，具有开口；
    提供端盖；
    将所述电极组件容纳于所述壳体内；
    将所述端盖盖合于所述开口；
    其中，所述端盖包括盖本体和第一凸部，所述盖本体用于与所述壳体连接并盖合所述开口，所述第一凸部从所述盖本体的内表面沿面向所述电极组件的方向凸出，所述第一凸部用于与所述第一极耳相抵；所述端盖上设有注液孔，所述注液孔用于供电解液从所述电池单体的外部进入到所述电池单体的内部，所述注液孔位于所述第一凸部的外周面的内侧；所述第一凸部设置有导流通道，所述导流通道与所述注液孔连通且贯穿所述外周面，所述导流通道用于供进入所述注液孔内的电解液流动至所述外周面以外。
  15. 一种电池单体的制造设备，所述制造设备包括：
    第一提供装置，用于提供电极组件，所述电极组件具有第一极耳；
    第二提供装置，用于提供壳体，具有开口；
    第三提供装置，用于提供端盖；
    组装装置，用于将所述电极组件容纳于所述壳体内；还用于将所述端盖盖合于所述开口；
    其中，所述端盖包括盖本体和第一凸部，所述盖本体用于与所述壳体连接并盖合所述开口，所述第一凸部从所述盖本体的内表面沿面向所述电极组件的方向凸出，所述第一凸部用于与所述第一极耳相抵；所述端盖上设有注液孔，所述注液孔用于供电解液从所述电池单体的外部进入到所述电池单体的内部，所述注液孔位于所述第一凸部的外周面的内侧；所述第一凸部设置有导流通道，所述导流通道与所述注液孔连通且贯穿所述外周面，所述导流通道用于供进入所述注液孔内的电解液流动至所述外周面以外。
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