WO2022254524A1 - リチウム二次電池とその製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池とその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022254524A1 WO2022254524A1 PCT/JP2021/020688 JP2021020688W WO2022254524A1 WO 2022254524 A1 WO2022254524 A1 WO 2022254524A1 JP 2021020688 W JP2021020688 W JP 2021020688W WO 2022254524 A1 WO2022254524 A1 WO 2022254524A1
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- secondary battery
- lithium secondary
- negative electrode
- positive electrode
- substrate
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 79
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 78
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 19
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 16
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910018119 Li 3 PO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 8
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001552 radio frequency sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910011281 LiCoPO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002227 LISICON Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- SBWRUMICILYTAT-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium;cobalt(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Co+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O SBWRUMICILYTAT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012448 Lithium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
- H01M2300/0091—Composites in the form of mixtures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery and its manufacturing method.
- Lithium secondary batteries which use the intercalation and deintercalation reactions of lithium ions, are used all over the world as secondary batteries with high energy density for various applications such as power sources for electronic devices, automobiles, and power storage. Even now, research and development of electrode materials and electrolyte materials for lithium secondary batteries are being advanced in order to improve performance and reduce costs.
- lithium secondary batteries have been attracting more attention as mobile power sources.
- Hayashi et al. produced a thin and flexible battery in Non-Patent Document 1, and achieved a discharge capacity of about 250 ⁇ Ah/g at a discharge current of a current density of 0.1 mA/cm 2 . It is reported that
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a lithium secondary battery having excellent charge-discharge cycle characteristics and high energy density, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- a lithium secondary battery of one embodiment of the present invention includes a positive electrode capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions, a negative electrode capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions, and a solid electrolyte having lithium ion conductivity.
- the solid electrolyte includes an inorganic compound and a polymer.
- a method for manufacturing a lithium secondary battery includes the steps of: forming a film of a positive electrode capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions on a first substrate on which a conductive film is formed; and forming the conductive film. forming a film of a negative electrode capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions on the second substrate; and forming a solid electrolyte containing an inorganic compound and a polymer between the first substrate and the second substrate. and placing between.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a lithium secondary battery having excellent charge-discharge cycle characteristics and high energy density, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic top view showing the configuration of a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing a procedure for manufacturing a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment
- 1 is a graph showing light transmittance of a lithium secondary battery of Example 1
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing initial charge/discharge curves of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example.
- FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing discharge capacities up to 20 cycles in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment includes a positive electrode capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions, a negative electrode capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions, and an electrolyte having lithium ion conductivity.
- a positive electrode and a negative electrode are respectively formed on a transparent substrate on which a transparent conductive film is formed.
- Electrolytes include transparent solid electrolytes.
- the positive electrode contains a substance capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions.
- the negative electrode contains metallic lithium, a metal capable of forming an alloy with lithium, or a substance capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions.
- FIG. 1A and 1B are diagrams schematically showing the configuration of the lithium secondary battery of this embodiment.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic top view of a lithium secondary battery.
- FIG. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view of a lithium secondary battery.
- the illustrated lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode 101 , a negative electrode 102 , and an electrolyte 103 disposed between the positive electrode 101 and the negative electrode 102 .
- Electrolyte 103 is in contact with positive electrode 101 and negative electrode 102 .
- a lithium secondary battery can include a transparent substrate 201 of the positive electrode 101 , a transparent substrate 202 of the negative electrode 102 , a transparent conductive film 203 and an adhesive 104 .
- ITO Indium Tin Oxide
- the transparent conductive film 203 is hereinafter also referred to as an ITO film 203 .
- silicon rubber substrates are used as a material that is flexible, resistant to creases when bent, easy to return to its original shape, and highly transparent to visible light.
- a positive electrode 101, a negative electrode 102, and an electrolyte 103 are arranged as desired on transparent substrates 201 and 202 on which an ITO film 203 is formed. Only electrode terminals 301 and 302 are exposed to the outside. Then, the edges of the positive electrode 101, the negative electrode 102, and the electrolyte 103 arranged on the transparent substrates 201 and 202 are sealed with the adhesive 104 so as to cover the edge of the electrolyte 103, whereby the lithium secondary battery can be prepared.
- a seal or the like may be used instead of the adhesive 104 for sealing.
- a transparent solid electrolyte 103 is sandwiched between the transparent substrate 201 of the positive electrode 101 and the transparent substrate 202 of the negative electrode 102, and sealed in vacuum using an adhesive 104, a sealing material, or the like.
- a lithium secondary battery that transmits visible light and that can suppress separation of the positive electrode 101 and the negative electrode 102 from the transparent substrates 201 and 202 can be manufactured.
- the layers 203, 101 and 102 shown in FIG. good too.
- the positive electrode 101 and negative electrode 102 can be produced, for example, by the following method, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing the procedure for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery of this embodiment.
- a positive electrode 101 capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions is formed on a transparent substrate 201 (first substrate) on which a transparent conductive film 203 is formed (step S1).
- a transparent conductive film 203 such as ITO is formed on the entire transparent substrate 201 made of silicon rubber or the like that is flexible and has visible light transparency.
- the positive electrode 101 is formed by forming a film of a material capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions with a predetermined thickness on the transparent conductive film 203 of the transparent substrate 201 .
- the transparent conductive film 203 and the positive electrode 101 are formed using methods such as sputtering and vapor deposition, for example. In addition, the method of film formation is not limited to these.
- a thin film layer may be formed between the transparent substrate 201 and the transparent conductive film 203 in forming the positive electrode 101 .
- a thin film layer containing at least one selected from the group consisting of Au, Ag, Cu and Al is formed on a transparent substrate 201, and a transparent conductive film 203 is formed on the thin film layer.
- the negative electrode 102 capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions is formed (step S2).
- the negative electrode 102 also has a transparent conductive film 203 such as ITO formed on the entire transparent substrate 202 that transmits visible light, and lithium ions can be intercalated and deintercalated on the transparent conductive film 203.
- the negative electrode 102 is formed by forming a film of a substance with a predetermined thickness.
- a thin film layer may be formed between the transparent substrate 202 and the transparent conductive film 203 in forming the negative electrode 102 .
- a thin film layer containing at least one selected from the group consisting of Au, Ag, Cu and Al is formed on a transparent substrate 202, and a transparent conductive film 203 is formed on the thin film layer.
- the electrolyte 103 is preferably a solid electrolyte. More preferably, the solid electrolyte contains an inorganic compound and a polymer.
- a solid electrolyte that is a substance that has lithium ion conductivity, does not have electronic conductivity, and is transparent to visible light can be used.
- oxides such as LISICON type, perovskite type, and garnet type composed of Li, Ba, Ca, Cl, Y, La, Sr, Cu, Bi, Zr, Ta, Nb, etc., Li 3.3 Oxynitrides such as PO3.8N0.22 (LiPON), glass ceramics composed of Li, Ge, P, S, Si, Cl, etc., sulfides such as Thio-LISICON, LiBH4 , 3LiBH4 -LiI, Li2 At least one selected from the group consisting of hydrides such as (CB 9 H 10 ) (CB 11 H 12 ) can be used.
- LiPON is a transparent amorphous film that exhibits lithium ion conductivity by partially substituting nitrogen for oxygen in Li 3 PO 4
- a polymer electrolyte having flexibility and softness to which a polymer that is an organic material is added may be used.
- a polymer electrolyte for example, a solution obtained by dissolving polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) and lithium salt in tetrahydrofuran (THF) can be used.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- the electrolyte 103 can be used by impregnating it into a translucent separator such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and an ion-exchange membrane.
- a lithium secondary battery may include a separator between positive electrode 101 and negative electrode 102 .
- a translucent separator can be used by being impregnated with a liquid electrolyte.
- a liquid electrolyte such as an organic electrolyte or an aqueous electrolyte may be impregnated into a polymer electrolyte or the like to be solidified.
- the electrolyte 103 is placed between the transparent substrate 101 on which the positive electrode 101 is formed and the transparent substrate 102 on which the negative electrode 102 is formed to assemble the lithium secondary battery (step S4).
- the electrolyte 103 is formed into a predetermined size.
- the transparent substrate 201 of the positive electrode 101, the electrolyte 103, and the transparent substrate 202 of the negative electrode 102 are overlapped so that the electrode terminals 301 and 302 of the positive electrode 101 and the negative electrode 102 are exposed to the outside.
- the edges of the positive electrode 101, the negative electrode 102 and the electrolyte 103 arranged on the transparent substrates 201 and 202 are sealed with an adhesive 104 to fabricate a lithium secondary battery.
- Example 1 A lithium secondary battery of Example 1 was produced by the following procedure.
- Experimental Example 1 a solid electrolyte containing an inorganic compound and a polymer was used as the electrolyte 103 .
- the inorganic compound includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Li3PO4 and Li6.25La3Zr2Ga0.25O12 .
- a lithium secondary battery using a polymer electrolyte to which Li 3 PO 4 powder was added and a lithium secondary battery using a polymer electrolyte to which Li 6.25 La 3 Zr 2 Ga 0.25 O 12 powder was added were produced. did.
- Example 1 Transparent silicon rubber substrate with ITO
- the transparent substrates 201 and 202 of the positive electrode 101 and the negative electrode 102 each use a transparent silicon rubber substrate of 100 mm long ⁇ 100 mm wide and 2 mm thick.
- Each of the silicon rubber substrates 201 and 202 was coated with ITO to a thickness of 150 nm as a transparent conductive film 203 by RF sputtering. Sputtering was carried out using an ITO (5 wt% SnO 2 ) target with an argon flow of 1.0 Pa and an RF output of 100 W.
- LiCoPO 4 lithium cobalt phosphate film with a thickness of 100 nm was formed as the positive electrode 101 by RF sputtering on a silicon rubber substrate 201 on which an ITO film was formed. Sputtering was performed using a LiCoPO 4 ceramic target under the conditions of a flow partial pressure ratio of argon and oxygen of 3:1, a total gas pressure of 3.7 Pa, and an RF output of 700 W.
- the positive electrode 101 formed in this way there is a portion where the positive electrode material is not formed and the ITO is exposed in an area of 10 mm long by 100 mm wide. This exposed portion is used as the electrode terminal 301 of the positive electrode 101 .
- a film of lithium titanate (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ) was formed to a thickness of 200 nm as the negative electrode 102 by RF sputtering on a silicon rubber substrate 202 having an ITO film formed thereon and having a length of 90 mm and a width of 100 mm. Sputtering was performed using a Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ceramic target under the conditions of a flow partial pressure ratio of argon and oxygen of 3:1, a total gas pressure of 4.0 Pa, and an RF output of 700 W.
- the negative electrode 102 formed in this way there is a portion where the negative electrode material is not formed and the ITO is exposed in an area of 10 mm long by 100 mm wide. This exposed portion is used as the electrode terminal 302 of the negative electrode 102 .
- Electrodes a solid electrolyte containing an inorganic compound and a polymer was used as the electrolyte 103 .
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- Li3PO4 powder or Li6.25La3Zr2Ga0.25O12 powder Li3PO4 powder or Li6.25La3Zr2Ga0.25O12 powder
- lithium bistrifluoro as a lithium salt in propylene carbonate
- PC propylene carbonate
- LiTFSI methanesulfonylimide
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- the polymer electrolyte 103 was molded into a size of 90 mm long and 100 mm wide.
- the positive electrode 101 and the negative electrode 102 are sandwiched so that the film-forming surfaces of the polymer electrolyte 103 face each other and only the film-forming surfaces are entirely covered.
- the substrate 202 is overlaid.
- the 90 mm long and 100 mm wide edges of the overlapping positive electrode 101, polymer electrolyte 103, and negative electrode 102 are sealed with an adhesive 104, and before the adhesive 104 hardens, it is placed in a vacuum dryer. , and vacuum-dried to solidify the adhesive 104 to fabricate a lithium secondary battery.
- a charging/discharging test of the lithium secondary battery was performed using a commercially available charging/discharging measurement system at a current density of 1 ⁇ A/cm 2 per effective area of the positive electrode 101 (negative electrode 102).
- a charging/discharging test was performed in a voltage range of 4.0V for the final charge voltage and 2.0V for the final discharge voltage.
- the charge/discharge test of the battery was performed in a constant temperature chamber at 25°C (atmosphere is normal atmospheric environment).
- FIG. 3 shows the results of measuring the light transmittance in the visible light region of the lithium secondary battery using Li 3 PO 4 of Example 1.
- the lithium secondary battery of Example 1 has a transmittance of 60% or more in the visible light region (about 400 nm to 780 nm).
- the lithium secondary battery using Li6.25La3Zr2Ga0.25O12 of Example 1 also has a transmittance of 60% or more in the visible light region .
- the lithium secondary battery of Example 1 is a transparent battery that transmits visible light.
- FIG. 4 shows initial charge/discharge curves of Example 1, Example 2 described later, and Comparative Example.
- the dashed line indicates the charge characteristics and discharge characteristics of the lithium secondary battery to which Li 3 PO 4 of Example 1 was added.
- the solid line indicates the charge characteristics and discharge characteristics of the lithium secondary battery using Al for the thin film layer of Example 2, which will be described later.
- Dotted lines indicate the charging and discharging characteristics of the lithium secondary battery of the comparative example.
- the lithium secondary battery of Example 1 can be reversibly charged and discharged with a small irreversible capacity (the difference between the charge capacity and the discharge capacity), the discharge capacity is about 0.179 mAh, and the average discharge voltage is about 2.97. It turns out to be V.
- FIG. 5 shows the discharge capacities from the first cycle to the 20th cycle in Example 1, Example 2 described later, and Comparative Example. From FIG. 5, it can be seen that the lithium secondary battery (Li 3 PO 4 ) of Example 1 has stable cycle characteristics, with only a capacity decrease of about 0.004 mAh at the 20th cycle.
- Table 1 below shows the initial discharge capacity, average discharge voltage, and discharge capacity at the 20th cycle of the lithium secondary battery of Example 1.
- the lithium secondary battery of this example transmits visible light and has high energy density with excellent charge-discharge cycle characteristics.
- an inorganic compound Li 6 PO 4 or Li 6.25 La 3 Zr 2 Ga 0.25 O 12 ) used for a solid electrolyte to the polymer electrolyte 103, the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte is improved, and a lithium secondary battery capable of stable charge-discharge cycles can be realized.
- the lithium secondary battery of Experimental Example 1 has flexibility because the positive electrode 101 and the negative electrode 102 are formed on the flexible silicon rubber substrates 201 and 202 .
- Example 2 A lithium secondary battery of Example 2 was produced by the following procedure. In the lithium secondary battery of Example 2, between the transparent substrates 201 and 202 and the transparent conductive film 203, a thin film layer (current collecting Body) prepare. Here, four lithium secondary batteries were fabricated using Al, Cu, Ag or Au for the thin film layers.
- Example 2 Transparent silicon rubber substrate with ITO
- transparent silicon rubber substrates of 100 mm long ⁇ 100 mm wide and 2 mm thick are used for the transparent substrates 201 and 202 of the positive electrode 101 and the negative electrode 102, respectively.
- each of the silicon rubber substrates 201 and 202 is coated with Al, Cu, Ag, or Au to a thickness of 10 nm by RF sputtering to form a thin film.
- a 150 nm thick ITO film was formed by the method.
- Sputtering was carried out using an ITO (5 wt% SnO 2 ) target with an argon flow of 1.0 Pa and an RF output of 100 W.
- LiCoPO 4 lithium cobalt phosphate
- the positive electrode 101 formed in this way there is a portion where the positive electrode material is not formed and the ITO is exposed in an area of 10 mm long by 100 mm wide. This exposed portion is used as the electrode terminal 301 of the positive electrode 101 .
- lithium titanate (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ) as the negative electrode 102 was sputtered to a thickness of 200 nm on a silicon rubber substrate 202 having an ITO film formed thereon, with a length of 90 mm and a width of 100 mm.
- the film was formed with Sputtering was performed using a Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ceramic target under the conditions of a flow partial pressure ratio of argon and oxygen of 3:1, a total gas pressure of 4.0 Pa, and an RF output of 700 W.
- the negative electrode 102 formed in this way there is a portion where the negative electrode material is not formed and the ITO is exposed in an area of 10 mm long by 100 mm wide. This exposed portion is used as the electrode terminal 302 of the negative electrode 102 .
- a polymer electrolyte in which an inorganic compound (Li 3 PO 4 ) is added to the electrolyte 103 is used.
- LiTFSI lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide
- PC propylene carbonate
- the organic electrolyte and tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a dispersion medium were mixed at a weight ratio of 3:1:6:10.
- the production of the lithium secondary battery of this example is similar to that of the first example.
- a charging/discharging test of the lithium secondary battery was performed using a commercially available charging/discharging measurement system at a current density of 1 ⁇ A/cm 2 per effective area of the positive electrode 101 (negative electrode 102).
- a charging/discharging test was performed in a voltage range of 4.0V for the final charge voltage and 2.0V for the final discharge voltage.
- the charge/discharge test of the battery was performed in a constant temperature chamber at 25°C (atmosphere is normal atmospheric environment).
- Table 1 above shows the initial discharge capacity, average discharge voltage, and discharge capacity at the 20th cycle of the lithium secondary battery of Example 2.
- the lithium secondary battery of this example had slightly improved energy density (discharge voltage, capacity) compared to Example 1. It is considered that this is because Al, Cu, Ag, and Au enhanced the current collecting effect and lowered the resistance component of the battery.
- Fig. 4 shows the initial charge/discharge curve of a lithium secondary battery using Al for the thin film layer.
- the lithium secondary battery of this example can be reversibly charged and discharged with a small irreversible capacity (difference between charge capacity and discharge capacity), has a discharge capacity of about 0.189 mAh, and has an average discharge voltage of about 2.98. It turns out to be V.
- Fig. 5 shows the discharge capacity from the first cycle to the 20th cycle of a lithium secondary battery using Al for the thin film layer. From FIG. 5, it can be seen that the lithium secondary battery of this example has a stable cycle characteristic, with a capacity decrease of only about 0.003 mAh at the 20th cycle.
- the lithium secondary battery produced in Example 2 has a transmittance of 60% or more in the visible light region (about 400 nm to 780 nm) and transmits visible light.
- the lithium secondary battery of Experimental Example 2 has flexibility because the positive electrode 101 and the negative electrode 102 are formed on the flexible silicon rubber substrates 201 and 202 in the same manner as in the first example.
- a polymer electrolyte containing no inorganic compound was used as the electrolyte 103 of the comparative example.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- LiTFSI lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide
- PC propylene carbonate
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- the polymer electrolyte 103 was molded into a size of 90 mm long and 100 mm wide.
- the positive electrode 101 and the negative electrode 102 are sandwiched so that the film-forming surfaces of the polymer electrolyte 103 face each other and only the film-forming surfaces are entirely covered, and the positive electrode transparent substrate 201, the polymer electrolyte 103, and the negative electrode transparent substrate 202 are formed.
- superimposed with The 90 mm long and 100 mm wide edges of the overlapping positive electrode 101, polymer electrolyte 103, and negative electrode 102 are sealed with an adhesive 104, and before the adhesive 104 hardens, it is placed in a vacuum dryer. , and vacuum-dried to solidify the adhesive 104 to fabricate a lithium secondary battery.
- a charging/discharging test of the lithium secondary battery was performed using a commercially available charging/discharging measurement system at a current density of 1 ⁇ A/cm 2 per effective area of the positive electrode 101 (negative electrode 102).
- a charging/discharging test was performed in a voltage range of 4.0V for the final charge voltage and 2.0V for the final discharge voltage.
- the charging/discharging test of the lithium secondary battery was measured in a constant temperature chamber at 25°C (under normal atmospheric environment).
- the comparative example had lower discharge capacity and average discharge voltage than Examples 1 and 2. This is considered to be due to the decrease in ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte 103 and the increase in resistance of the current collector.
- the lithium secondary battery of this embodiment can be used as a drive source for various electronic devices.
- Electrolyte 104 Adhesive 201, 202: Transparent substrate (transparent silicon rubber substrate) 203: Transparent conductive film (ITO film) 301, 302: electrode terminals
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Abstract
Description
本実施形態のリチウム二次電池は、リチウムイオンの挿入および脱離が可能な正極と、リチウムイオンの挿入および脱離が可能な負極と、リチウムイオン導電性を有する電解質と、を備える。正極および負極は、透明導電膜が形成された透明基板上にそれぞれ形成される。電解質には、透明な固体電解質が含まれる。
実施例1のリチウム二次電池を、以下の手順で作製した。実験例1では、電解質103に、無機化合物とポリマーとを含む固体電解質を用いた。無機化合物は、Li3PO4および Li6.25La3Zr2Ga0.25O12からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含む。実施例1では、Li3PO4粉末を添加したポリマー電解質を用いたリチウム二次電池と、Li6.25La3Zr2Ga0.25O12粉末を添加したポリマー電解質を用いたリチウム二次電池とを作製した。
実施例1では、正極101および負極102の各透明基板201、202に、縦100mm×横100mm、厚さ2mmの透明なシリコンゴム基板をそれぞれ用いる。各シリコンゴム基板201、202に、透明導電膜203として、RFスパッタ法によりITOを150nmの厚さでコートし製膜した。スパッタは、ITO(5wt%SnO2)ターゲットを用い、アルゴン:1.0Paをフローさせながら、RF出力:100Wで行った。
ITOが製膜されたシリコンゴム基板201の縦90mm×横100mmに、RFスパッタ法により、正極101としてリン酸コバルト酸リチウム(LiCoPO4)を100nmの厚さで製膜した。スパッタは、LiCoPO4セラミックターゲットを用い、アルゴンと酸素の流通分圧比を3 : 1でトータルのガス圧を3.7Paとし、RF出力:700 Wの条件で行なった。
ITOが製膜されたシリコンゴム基板202の縦90mm×横100mmに、RFスパッタ法により、負極102としてチタン酸リチウム(Li4Ti5O12)を、200nmの厚さで製膜した。スパッタは、Li4Ti5O12セラミックターゲットを用い、アルゴンと酸素の流通分圧比を3 : 1でトータルのガス圧を4.0Paとし、RF出力:700 Wの条件で行なった。
本実施例では、電解質103に、無機化合物とポリマーとを含む固体電解質を用いた。具体的には、結着材であるポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)粉末と、Li3PO4粉末もしくはLi6.25La3Zr2Ga0.25O12粉末と、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)にリチウム塩としてリチウムビストリフルオロメタンスルホニルイミド (LiTFSI)を1mol/L溶解させた有機電解液と、分散媒としてテトラヒドロフラン(THF)とを、重量比で3:1 : 6:10で混合した。この溶液を、露点-50℃以下の乾燥空気中において60℃で1時間攪拌し、当該溶液を200Φのシャーレに50ml流し込み、50℃で12時間真空乾燥することで、厚さ0.1mmの透明な膜(ポリマー電解質)を作製した。
上記ポリマー電解質103を縦90mm×横100mmに成形した。正極101および負極102を、ポリマー電解質103の製膜面が向かい合うように、かつ、製膜面のみが全て覆われるように挟み込み、正極101の透明基板201と、ポリマー電解質103と、負極102の透明基板202とを重ね合わせる。この重ね合わせたものの、正極101とポリマー電解質103と負極102とが重なっている縦90mm×横100mmの縁を、接着剤104で封止し、接着剤104が固まる前に、真空乾燥機に入れ、真空乾燥し、接着剤104を固化させてリチウム二次電池を作製した。
リチウム二次電池の充放電試験は、市販の充放電測定システムを用いて、正極101(負極102)の有効面積当たりの電流密度1μA/cm2にて充放電した。充電終止電圧は4.0V、放電終止電圧2.0Vの電圧範囲で充放電試験を行った。電池の充放電試験は、25℃の恒温槽内(雰囲気は通常の大気環境下)で行った。
実施例2のリチウム二次電池を、以下の手順で作製した。実施例2のリチウム二次電池は、透明基板201、202と、透明導電膜203との間に、Al、Cu、AgおよびAuからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含む薄膜層(集電体)備える 。ここでは、薄膜層にAl、Cu、AgまたはAu を用いた4つのリチウム二次電池を作製した。
実施例2では、実施例1と同様に、正極101および負極102の各透明基板201、202に、縦100mm×横100mm、厚さ2mmの透明なシリコンゴム基板をそれぞれ用いる。そして、各シリコンゴム基板201、202に、RFスパッタ法によりAl、Cu、Ag、Auのいずれかを10nmの厚さでコートして薄膜を形成し、さらにその上に透明導電膜203としてRFスパッタ法によりITOを150nmの厚さでコートし製膜した。スパッタは、ITO(5wt%SnO2)ターゲットを用い、アルゴン:1.0Paをフローさせながら、RF出力:100Wで行った。
実験例1と同様に、ITOが製膜されたシリコンゴム基板201の縦90mm×横100mmに、RFスパッタ法により、正極101としてリン酸コバルト酸リチウム(LiCoPO4)を100nmの厚さで製膜した。スパッタは、LiCoPO4セラミックターゲットを用い、アルゴンと酸素の流通分圧比を3 : 1でトータルのガス圧を3.7Paとし、RF出力:700 Wの条件で行なった。
実験例1と同様に、ITOが製膜されたシリコンゴム基板202の縦90mm×横100mmに、RFスパッタ法により、負極102としてチタン酸リチウム(Li4Ti5O12)を、200nmの厚さで製膜した。スパッタは、Li4Ti5O12セラミックターゲットを用い、アルゴンと酸素の流通分圧比を3 : 1でトータルのガス圧を4.0Paとし、RF出力:700 Wの条件で行なった。
本実施例では、電解質103に無機化合物(Li3PO4)を添加したポリマー電解質を用いた。具体的には、結着材であるポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)粉末と、Li3PO4粉末と、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)にリチウム塩としてリチウムビストリフルオロメタンスルホニルイミド (LiTFSI)を1mol/L溶解させた有機電解液と、分散媒としてテトラヒドロフラン(THF)とを、重量比で3:1 : 6:10で混合した。この溶液を、露点-50℃以下の乾燥空気中において60℃で1時間攪拌し、当該溶液を200Φのシャーレに50ml流し込み、50℃で12時間真空乾燥することで、厚さ0.1mmの透明な膜(ポリマー電解質)を作製した。
本実施例のリチウム二次電池の作製は、実施例1と同様である。
リチウム二次電池の充放電試験は、市販の充放電測定システムを用いて、正極101(負極102)の有効面積当たりの電流密度1μA/cm2にて充放電した。充電終止電圧は4.0V、放電終止電圧2.0Vの電圧範囲で充放電試験を行った。電池の充放電試験は、25℃の恒温槽内(雰囲気は通常の大気環境下)で行った。
比較例では、ITO付シリコンゴム基板、正極および負極を、実施例1と同様の手順で作製した。
比較例の電解質103には、無機化合物を含まないポリマー電解質を用いた。比較例では、結着材であるポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)粉末と、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)にリチウム塩としてリチウムビストリフルオロメタンスルホニルイミド (LiTFSI)を1mol/L溶解させた有機電解液と、分散媒としてテトラヒドロフラン(THF)とを、重量比で4:6:10で混合した。この溶液を、露点-50℃以下の乾燥空気中において60℃で1時間攪拌し、当該溶液を200Φのシャーレに50ml流し込み、50℃で12時間真空乾燥することで、厚さ0.1mmの透明な膜(ポリマー電解質)を作製した。
上記ポリマー電解質103を縦90mm×横100mmに成形した。正極101および負極102を、ポリマー電解質103の製膜面が向かい合うように、かつ、製膜面のみが全て覆われるように挟み込み、正極の透明基板201と、ポリマー電解質103と、負極の透明基板202とを重ね合わせる。この重ね合わせたものの、正極101とポリマー電解質103と負極102とが重なっている縦90mm×横100mmの縁を、接着剤104で封止し、接着剤104が固まる前に、真空乾燥機に入れ、真空乾燥し、接着剤104を固化させてリチウム二次電池を作製した。
リチウム二次電池の充放電試験は、市販の充放電測定システムを用いて、正極101(負極102)の有効面積当たりの電流密度1μA/cm2にて充放電した。充電終止電圧は4.0V、放電終止電圧2.0Vの電圧範囲で充放電試験を行った。リチウム二次電池の充放電試験は、25℃の恒温槽内(雰囲気は通常の大気環境下)で測定を行った。
102:負極
103:電解質
104:接着剤
201、202:透明基板(透明シリコンゴム基板)
203:透明導電膜(ITO膜)
301、302:電極端子
Claims (6)
- リチウムイオンの挿入および脱離が可能な正極と、
リチウムイオンの挿入および脱離が可能な負極と、
リチウムイオン導電性を有する固体電解質と、を備え、
前記固体電解質は、無機化合物とポリマーとを含む
リチウム二次電池。 - 可視光領域において、60%以上の透過率を有する
請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。 - 前記無機化合物は、Li3PO4および Li6.25La3Zr2Ga0.25O12からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含む
請求項1または2記載のリチウム二次電池。 - 前記正極および前記負極は、導電膜が形成された各基板の上にそれぞれ形成され、
前記基板と前記導電膜の間に、Au、Ag、CuおよびAlからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含む薄膜層が形成された
請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池。 - 導電膜が形成された第1基板の上に、リチウムイオンの挿入および脱離が可能な正極を製膜するステップと、
導電膜が形成された第2基板の上に、リチウムイオンの挿入および脱離が可能な負極を製膜するステップと、
無機化合物とポリマーとを含む固体電解質を、前記第1基板と、前記第2基板との間に配置するステップと、を含む
リチウム二次電池の製造方法。 - 前記正極を製膜するステップは、前記第1基板と前記導電膜との間にAu、Ag、CuおよびAlからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含む薄膜層を形成し、
前記負極を製膜するステップは、前記第2基板と前記導電膜との間にAu、Ag、CuおよびAlからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含む薄膜層を形成する
請求項5に記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
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