WO2022230046A1 - 焼結合金製バルブガイド、及び焼結合金製バルブガイドの製造方法 - Google Patents
焼結合金製バルブガイド、及び焼結合金製バルブガイドの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022230046A1 WO2022230046A1 PCT/JP2021/016775 JP2021016775W WO2022230046A1 WO 2022230046 A1 WO2022230046 A1 WO 2022230046A1 JP 2021016775 W JP2021016775 W JP 2021016775W WO 2022230046 A1 WO2022230046 A1 WO 2022230046A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- valve guide
- peripheral surface
- outer peripheral
- pores
- lubricating oil
- Prior art date
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052961 molybdenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
- B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F3/26—Impregnating
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- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
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- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
- B22F5/106—Tube or ring forms
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/002—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
- F01L3/04—Coated valve members or valve-seats
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/08—Valves guides; Sealing of valve stem, e.g. sealing by lubricant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
- F01M9/00—Lubrication means having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M7/00
- F01M9/10—Lubrication of valve gear or auxiliaries
- F01M9/103—Lubrication of valve gear or auxiliaries of valve stem and guide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C29/00—Bearings for parts moving only linearly
- F16C29/02—Sliding-contact bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
- F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
- F16C33/103—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant retained in or near the bearing
- F16C33/104—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant retained in or near the bearing in a porous body, e.g. oil impregnated sintered sleeve
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
- B22F3/1103—Making porous workpieces or articles with particular physical characteristics
- B22F2003/1106—Product comprising closed porosity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/247—Removing material: carving, cleaning, grinding, hobbing, honing, lapping, polishing, milling, shaving, skiving, turning the surface
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
- B22F2201/02—Nitrogen
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
- B22F2201/20—Use of vacuum
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- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/10—Copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/35—Iron
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2302/00—Metal Compound, non-Metallic compound or non-metal composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2302/40—Carbon, graphite
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2301/00—Using particular materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2820/00—Details on specific features characterising valve gear arrangements
- F01L2820/01—Absolute values
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2361/00—Apparatus or articles in engineering in general
- F16C2361/91—Valves
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sintered alloy valve guide used in an internal combustion engine and a manufacturing method thereof.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that the density of the sintered alloy and the particle size of the powder are adjusted to achieve air permeability within a specific range, and the pores are impregnated with silicone resin to improve wear resistance and seizure resistance.
- a sintered alloy valve guide for an internal combustion engine has been proposed, which is excellent in that impregnated lubricating oil is less likely to flow out.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a sintered alloy valve guide that can prevent valve adhesion even in a high-temperature environment.
- the present inventors have repeatedly studied means for retaining lubricating oil even when exposed to high temperatures. It has been found that the above problems can be solved by applying a sealing treatment to the pores of the.
- One form of the present invention is a sintered alloy valve guide in which the pores on the outer peripheral surface of the valve guide impregnated with lubricating oil are sealed.
- the entire outer peripheral surface of the valve guide is filled with holes, and it is preferable that the holes on the side arranged on the side of the combustion chamber in the length direction are sealed. Of the end surfaces of the guide, it is preferable that the holes in the end surface located on the combustion chamber side are sealed.
- the cross section of the valve guide was observed, and in the section corresponding to the outer peripheral surface where the pores were sealed, in the range of 30 mm in length, the depth was 20 ⁇ m or more and the length of the opening on the outer peripheral surface was It is preferable that the number of pores having a diameter of 20 ⁇ m or more is 18 or less.
- the density of the valve guide before being impregnated with lubricating oil is 6.55 g/cm 3 to 7.15 g/cm 3 .
- Another aspect of the present invention includes a molding step of molding raw material powder to obtain a molded body, a sintering step of sintering the molded body, and impregnating the sintered body obtained in the step with a lubricating oil.
- a method for manufacturing a sintered alloy valve guide comprising an impregnation step and a sealing treatment step of sealing pores in the outer peripheral surface of the sintered body impregnated with lubricating oil.
- the sintered body is impregnated with lubricating oil under reduced pressure.
- the entire outer peripheral surface of the valve guide is filled with holes, and it is preferable that the holes on the side arranged on the side of the combustion chamber in the length direction are sealed. Of the end surfaces of the guide, it is preferable that the holes in the end surface located on the combustion chamber side are sealed.
- the sealing treatment step preferably includes any one of shot blasting, crushing treatment by burnishing, resin impregnation treatment, plating treatment, and water vapor treatment.
- a sintered alloy valve guide that can prevent valve adhesion even in a high-temperature environment. Since abnormal wear of the inner peripheral surface of the valve guide due to valve adhesion can be prevented, a highly wear-resistant valve guide can be provided.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a sintered alloy valve guide in which the pores on the outer peripheral surface of the valve guide impregnated with lubricating oil are sealed.
- the valve guide according to the present embodiment is preferably made of an iron-based sintered alloy.
- Fe which is the main component, is usually contained in the valve guide in an amount of 50% by mass or more, and may be 60% by mass or more, 70% by mass or more, or 80% by mass or more.
- Metal components other than Fe are usually contained in the valve guide in an amount of less than 50% by mass, and may be 30% by mass or less, and may be 20% by mass or less.
- valve guide When the valve guide contains other metal components, it preferably contains Cu, and the Cu content is usually 5% by mass or more, may be 10% by mass or more, and is usually 40% by mass or less. , 30% by mass or less.
- the valve guide according to the present embodiment is not limited to the composition described above, and may be a sintered alloy having pores on the outer peripheral surface.
- Cu-based sintered alloys containing Cu as a main component may also be used.
- it may be an alloy material as well as a sintered alloy.
- the valve guide may also contain solid lubricants and release agents.
- solid lubricant a known solid lubricant can be used, and MoS2 is exemplified.
- mold release agent a known mold release agent can be used, and examples thereof include zinc stearate.
- the valve guide has holes on the outer peripheral surface.
- the valve guide is generally cylindrical and has an outer peripheral surface, an end surface and an inner peripheral surface. In this embodiment, at least the outer peripheral surface of the valve guide has holes.
- the valve guide is impregnated with lubricating oil.
- the density of the valve guide before containing the lubricating oil is not particularly limited, but is preferably 6.55 g/cm 3 or more and 7.15 g/cm 3 or less. When the density of the valve guide is within the above range, the number of holes in the valve guide tends to be an appropriate amount.
- Methods for adjusting the density of the valve guide within the above range include appropriately adjusting the pressure of the raw material press during molding of the raw material powder for the valve guide, appropriately selecting the particle size of the raw material powder, and the like.
- valve guide By setting the pore size of the valve guide to an appropriate level before it is impregnated with lubricating oil, the valve guide can retain a sufficient amount of lubricating oil even in a high temperature environment. As a result, it is possible to provide a sintered alloy valve guide that can prevent valve adhesion even in a high-temperature environment. In addition, since abnormal wear of the inner peripheral surface of the valve guide due to valve adhesion can be prevented, a highly wear-resistant valve guide can be provided.
- Lubricating oil impregnated in the valve guide of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and is not particularly limited as long as it can be retained in the valve guide.
- Lubricating oils include, for example, 15W-40, 10W-30 and 0W-20.
- the viscosity of the lubricating oil is not particularly limited, it is preferable that the lubricating oil has a relatively high viscosity from the viewpoint of improving the retaining ability of the lubricating oil.
- the pores on the outer peripheral surface of the valve guide are sealed.
- the term “sealed” means that the outer peripheral surface of the valve guide has been subjected to a sealing treatment so that the number of openings of the holes is reduced compared to the state in which the holes are not sealed.
- the numerical aperture of pores (hereinafter also referred to as the number of open pores) can be measured by the following method. A cross-sectional shape of a plane parallel to the axial direction of the valve guide is observed with an optical microscope, and a length of 30 mm is observed for the portion of the outer peripheral surface of the valve guide where the surface is sealed. The length of 30 mm may be one continuous portion, or may be the total length of several discontinuous portions.
- the valve guide impregnated with lubricating oil and subjected to sealing treatment preferably has 18 or less open pores per 30 mm, more preferably 15 or less, and 10 or less per 30 mm. is particularly preferred.
- the valve guide outer peripheral surface at least one arbitrary position of the portion where the surface is sealed may satisfy the number of openings of the above-mentioned holes, and the above-mentioned holes need not necessarily be in the entire sealed portion. Although it is not necessary to satisfy the number of pores, it is preferable that the number of pores be satisfied in the entire sealed portion.
- the outer peripheral surface of the valve guide impregnated with lubricating oil may be entirely sealed, or partially sealed. Further, when a part of the outer peripheral surface of the valve guide is subjected to the sealing treatment, the pores on the outer peripheral surface on the side arranged on the combustion chamber side in the length direction of the valve guide may be sealed. , the boundary between the sealed and non-sealed portions should be in the range of 4% or more and 30% or less from the side arranged on the combustion chamber side in the length direction of the valve guide. is preferred. Also, the pores on the valve guide end face surface may or may not be sealed. When the pores on the end face surface of the valve guide are sealed, at least the pores on the end face surface on the combustion chamber side are preferably sealed.
- Another aspect of the present invention includes a molding step of molding raw material powder to obtain a molded body, a sintering step of sintering the molded body, and impregnating the sintered body obtained in the above step with lubricating oil.
- a method for manufacturing a sintered alloy valve guide including an impregnation step and a sealing treatment step of sealing pores on the surface of a sintered body impregnated with lubricating oil.
- the raw material powder used in the molding process may be Cu powder, Fe alloy powder, Cu alloy powder, or the like, in addition to pure Fe powder for the core. Furthermore, powders containing Ca, Zn, Ni, Cr, V, and W may be used, and solid lubricants and release agents may also be used. The mixing ratio of these powders is not particularly limited as long as the sintered body can be used as a valve guide.
- the average particle size of the raw material powder is not particularly limited, it is usually about 10 to 150 ⁇ m.
- the density of the sintered body can be easily adjusted to an appropriate range, which is preferable.
- the molding method is also not particularly limited, and for example, the raw material powder may be filled in a mold and molded by a method such as press molding so that the density of the molded body falls within an appropriate range.
- the compact is sintered.
- the sintering temperature is not particularly limited as long as the raw material powder can be sintered to form a sintered body.
- the atmosphere during sintering is preferably a vacuum or an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen gas or argon gas.
- the sintering time is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 10 minutes to 2 hours, preferably 15 minutes to 1 hour.
- the impregnation step is a step of impregnating the sintered body obtained in the above step with lubricating oil.
- the lubricating oil to be impregnated is not particularly limited as long as it can be retained in the valve guide. Examples of lubricating oil include 10W-30.
- the viscosity of the lubricating oil is not particularly limited, the viscosity at 150° C. may be 2.6 cp or more and 3.6 cp or less. From the viewpoint of improving the retention capacity of the lubricating oil, it is preferable that the lubricating oil has a relatively high viscosity.
- the method of impregnating the valve guide with lubricating oil is not particularly limited, and the valve guide may be dipped in the lubricating oil, or the lubricating oil may be dripped onto the valve guide.
- One example is a method of dripping lubricating oil under reduced pressure, impregnating while maintaining a sealed state, and releasing the reduced pressure.
- the pore-sealing treatment is a step of sealing the pores on the outer peripheral surface of the sintered body impregnated with the lubricating oil.
- the opening ratio of the pores on the outer peripheral surface of the valve guide is reduced, and the valve guide can retain a sufficient amount of lubricating oil even in a high-temperature environment.
- a highly wear-resistant valve guide can be provided.
- the pore-sealing treatment is not particularly limited as long as it can reduce the opening ratio (the number of open pores) of the outer peripheral surface of the valve guide.
- Examples thereof include shot blasting, crushing by burnishing, resin impregnation, plating, and steam treatment.
- the sealing treatment is performed by shot blasting, it is preferable to perform the blasting treatment with steel or zircon shot balls for several seconds to several minutes.
- the pore-sealing process is performed by crushing process by burnishing, it is preferable to process the surface of the valve guide by, for example, roller type burnishing process.
- the sealing treatment is performed by resin impregnation, it is preferable to impregnate with a resin having oil resistance and wear resistance such as Teflon (registered trademark) resin.
- a resin having oil resistance and wear resistance such as Teflon (registered trademark) resin.
- Teflon registered trademark
- the pore-sealing treatment is performed by plating, it is preferable to seal the outer peripheral surface of the valve guide by, for example, copper plating.
- the sealing treatment is performed by steam treatment, it is preferable to seal the pores with iron oxide mainly composed of triiron tetroxide (Fe 3 O 4 ) formed by steam treatment after impregnation, for example.
- Fe 3 O 4 triiron tetroxide
- steps other than the above steps may be included as appropriate.
- Other steps include polishing the outer peripheral surface.
- this molded body was sintered at 1127° C. for 30 minutes in a nitrogen gas atmosphere to obtain a sintered body.
- a valve guide 1 having an outer diameter of 10.3 mm, an inner diameter of 5.5 mm, and a length of 43.5 mm was obtained.
- the valve guide 1 was impregnated with engine oil having a viscosity of 10W-30.
- the impregnation conditions are as follows. ⁇ Oil temperature 80°C - The degree of vacuum was adjusted in the range of 0.06 to 0.1 MPa. ⁇ Evacuation time and oil impregnation time were each adjusted in the range of 5 minutes to 20 minutes.
- the valve guide 2 was obtained by subjecting the outer peripheral surface and the end face of the valve guide 1 impregnated with the lubricating oil to pore-sealing treatment by shot blasting under the following conditions.
- FIG. 2 shows open holes existing on the outer peripheral surface of the cross section parallel to the axial direction of the valve guide 2 .
- a heating test was conducted at 200° C. ⁇ 10° C. on valve guide 1 (conventional example) and valve guide 2 (example) to confirm changes in oil content depending on the heating time. Results are shown in FIG. From FIG. 3, it was found that the oil content decreases as the heating time elapses, and that the valve guide 2 subjected to the sealing treatment suppresses the range of decrease in the oil content with the elapse of the heating time.
- Samples of the valve guide 2 were prepared by changing the conditions of the sealing treatment for the valve guide 1 and changing the number of open holes.
- the sealing treatment was performed by shot blasting, and samples were prepared by changing the treatment time of shot blasting.
- the sample was heated at 200° C. ⁇ 10° C. for 20 hours, and the oil content after heating was measured. The results are shown in FIG. There was a tendency that the smaller the number of open pores, the higher the oil content after heating.
- the number of open holes in the sample (valve guide 1: conventional example) that was not subjected to the sealing treatment was 25/30 mm.
- valve guide unit abrasion tester 1 valve 2 valve guide 3 burner
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Abstract
Description
また、前記バルブガイド外周表面は、全面にわたり空孔が封孔されていることが好ましく、長さ方向において燃焼室側に配置される側の空孔が封孔されていることが好ましく、前記バルブガイドの端面表面のうち、燃焼室側に配置される端面表面の空孔が封孔されていることが好ましい。
本実施形態に係るバルブガイドは、鉄基焼結合金であることが好ましく、鉄基焼結合金である場合には、主成分として含有するFeに加えて、Cu、Ca、Zn、Ni、Cr、V、Wなどのその他の金属成分を含有させてもよい。主成分であるFeは、バルブガイド中に通常50質量%以上含有され、60質量%以上であってよく、70質量%以上であってよく、80質量%以上であってよい。Fe以外の、その他の金属成分は、バルブガイドに通常50質量%未満含有され、30質量%以下であってよく、20質量%以下であってよい、
但し、本実施形態に係るバルブガイドは、上記に述べた組成にとどまらず、外周表面に空孔を有する焼結合金であればよい。また、鉄基焼結合金にとどまらず、主成分としてCuを含有するCu基焼結合金であってもよい。
また、潤滑油を含侵させることができれば、焼結合金にとどまらず、合金材料であってもよい。
バルブガイドの密度を上記範囲にする方法としては、バルブガイドの原料粉末成型時の原料プレスの圧力を適宜調整すること、原料粉末の粒径を適宜選択すること、などがあげられる。
潤滑油の粘度は特に限定されないが、潤滑油の保持能力を向上させる観点からは、潤滑油は粘度がある程度高いことが好ましい。
バルブガイドの軸方向に平行な平面の断面形状を光学顕微鏡で観察し、該断面において、バルブガイドの外周面であって表面が封孔処理された部分について、30mmの長さを観察する。30mmの長さは、連続した1箇所でもよく、連続しない数カ所の合計長さでもよい。外周面であって表面が封孔処理された部分に開口した空孔のうち、深さ20μm以上かつ外周面に開口した長さが20μm以上である空孔の数をカウントし、これを開口空孔数とする。
潤滑油を含浸し、封孔処理されたバルブガイドの、外周表面の開口空孔数は30mm当り18個以下であることが好ましく、15個以下であることがより好ましく、10個以下であることが特に好ましい。なお、バルブガイド外周表面のうち、表面が封孔処理された部分の少なくとも1か所の任意の位置において、上記空孔の開口数を満たせばよく、かならずしも封孔処理された部分全体において上記空孔の開孔数を満たす必要はないが、封孔処理された部分全体において上記空孔の開孔数を満たすことが好ましい。
また、バルブガイド外周表面の一部が封孔処理される場合、バルブガイドの長さ方向において、燃焼室側に配置される側の外周表面の空孔が封孔されていてもよく、具体的には、封孔処理されている箇所と封孔処理されていない箇所の境界が、バルブガイドの長さ方向において、燃焼室側に配置される側から4%以上30%以下の範囲にあることが好ましい。
また、バルブガイド端面表面の空孔は封孔処理されていてもよく、封孔処理されていなくてもよい。バルブガイド端面表面の空孔が封孔処理されている場合には、少なくとも燃焼室側に配置される側の端面表面の空孔が封孔されていることが好ましい。
本発明の別の形態は、原料粉末を成型して成型体を得る成型工程と、前記成型体を焼結する焼結工程と、前記工程で得た焼結体に潤滑油を含侵させる含侵工程と、潤滑油が含侵された焼結体の表面の空孔に封孔処理を行う封孔処理工程と、を含む焼結合金製バルブガイドの製造方法である。
成型工程で用いる原料粉末は、焼結体が例えば鉄基焼結合金である場合、コアとなる純Fe粉末に加え、Cu粉末、Fe合金粉末、Cu合金粉末などを用いることができる。更には、Ca、Zn、Ni、Cr、V、Wを含む粉末などを用いてもよく、固体潤滑剤や離型剤を用いてもよい。
これらの粉末の混合割合は、バルブガイドとして使用できる焼結体となる範囲である限り特に限定されない。
成型の方法も特には限定されず、例えば原料粉末を金型に充填し、プレス成型などの方法で、成型体の密度が適切な範囲となるように成型すればよい。
焼結工程では、上記成型体を焼結する。焼結温度は原料粉末を焼結して焼結体とできれば特段限定されず、例えば1102~1152℃である。焼結時の雰囲気は真空、または窒素ガスやアルゴンガスなどの不活化ガス雰囲気であることが好ましい。
焼結時間は特に限定されず、例えば10分~2時間、好ましくは15分~1時間である。
含侵工程では、前記工程で得た焼結体に潤滑油を含侵させる工程である。含侵させる潤滑油は、バルブガイドに保持され得る潤滑油であれば特に限定されない。潤滑油としては、例えば10W-30があげられる。
潤滑油の粘度は特に限定されないが、150℃での粘度が2.6cp以上3.6cp以下であってよい。潤滑油の保持能力を向上させる観点からは、潤滑油は粘度がある程度高いことが好ましい。
バルブガイドに潤滑油を含侵させる方法は特に限定されず、潤滑油にバルブガイドをディプしてもよく、バルブガイドに潤滑油を滴下してもよい。一例としては、減圧下で潤滑油を滴下し、密閉状態を維持しながら含侵し、減圧を解除する方法があげられる。
封孔処理は、潤滑油が含侵された焼結体の外周表面の空孔に封孔処理を行う工程である。封孔処理工程を行うことで、バルブガイド外周表面の空孔の開口率が低下し、バルブガイドが高温環境下であっても十分な量の潤滑油を保持できる。その結果、高温下環境であってもバルブ凝着を防止し得る、焼結合金製バルブガイドを提供することができる。また、バルブ凝着に起因するバルブガイド内周面の異常摩耗を防止できることから、高耐摩耗性のバルブガイドを提供できる。
ショットブラスト処理により封孔処理を行う場合、例えばスチール、またはジルコン製のショット玉で数秒~数分ブラスト処理することが好ましい。
バニシングによるつぶし加工処理により封孔処理を行う場合、例えばローラ式バニシング加工によりバルブガイド表面を加工することが好ましい。
樹脂含侵加工処理により封孔処理を行う場合、例えばテフロン(登録商標)樹脂などの耐油性・耐摩耗性をもった樹脂を含侵することが好ましい。
めっき処理により封孔処理を行う場合、例えばバルブガイド外周面の銅めっきにより封孔することが好ましい。
水蒸気処理により封孔処理を行う場合、例えば含浸後に水蒸気処理によって、形成される四三酸化鉄(Fe304)を主体とする酸化鉄で封孔処理することが好ましい。具体的には、実全昭54-173117号を参照できる。
<封孔処理によるバルブガイドの含油率変化>
原料粉末として以下のものを用いた。
・Fe粉末(平均粒径106 - 150μm)
・Cu粉末(平均粒径45μm以下)
・C粉末(平均粒径50μm以下)
・その他粉末(固体潤滑剤、離型剤等)
これらの粉末を混合し、加圧圧縮することで、外径10.5mm、内径5.0mm、長さ45.5mmの円管形状の成型体を得た。このときの成型体の密度は6.85g/cm3であった。次に、この成型体を窒素ガス雰囲気中にて1127℃で30分間焼結することで、焼結体を得た。そして、この焼結体を切削加工することで、外径10.3mm、内径5.5mm、長さ43.5mmのバルブガイド1を得た。
・油温80℃
・真空度は0.06から0.1MPaの範囲で調整した。
・真空引き時間と含油時間は、それぞれ5分から20分の範囲で調整した。
次に、潤滑油が含侵されたバルブガイド1の外周表面及び端面に対して以下の条件でショットブラスト処理による封孔処理を行い、バルブガイド2を得た。
・機器:不二製作所製
・ショットブラスト時間15秒
バルブガイド1の軸方向に平行な断面の外周面に存在する開口空孔部を図1に示す。また、バルブガイド2の軸方向に平行な断面の外周面に存在する開口空孔部を図2に示す。
図3から、含油率は加熱時間が経過するにつれて低下し、封孔処理を行ったバルブガイド2は、加熱時間経過に対する含油率の減少幅が抑制されていることがわかった。
バルブガイド1と2に対し、上記の温度で加熱を行い、加熱時間を変えて、加熱後含油率を変えたサンプルを5点作製し、以下の条件で、単体摩耗試験を行った。結果を図4に示す。
・試験機:試験機の構造図を図7に示す。
・ガイド温度:300℃
・側圧:7kg
・回転数:3500rpm
・オイル滴下(劣化油)量は、適宜調整した。
・試験時間:4時間
図4の結果より、加熱後含油率が高いほど、摩耗量は少ない事がわかった。したがって、潤滑油が含侵されたバルブガイドに封孔処理を行うことで、バルブガイドの保油性能が向上し、結果としてバルブガイド内周面の摩耗量が減少することがわかった。
バルブガイド1に対し、封孔処理の条件を変えて、開口空孔数を変えたバルブガイド2のサンプルを作成した。封孔処理はショットブラストで行い、ショットブラストの処理時間を変えてサンプルを作成した。サンプルの開口空孔数を測定した後、200℃±10℃で20hr加熱し、加熱後の含油率を測定した。結果を図5に示す。開口空孔数が少ないほど、加熱後含油率は高くなる傾向が見られた。
なお、封孔処理を行わなかったサンプル(バルブガイド1:従来例)の開口空孔数は25個/30mmであった。
次に上記と同じ条件で封孔処理をしたサンプルに対し、単体摩耗試験を行った。結果を図6に示す。ショットブラスト処理時間が長いほど、開口空孔数は小さく、摩耗量は小さくなった。
これにより、封孔処理を行い、開口空孔数を所定の範囲に収めることにより、高温下環境であってもバルブガイド内周面の異常摩耗を防止し得る、焼結合金製バルブガイドを提供することができることがわかった。
1 バルブ
2 バルブガイド
3 バーナー
Claims (12)
- 潤滑油が含侵されたバルブガイド外周表面の空孔が封孔されている、焼結合金製バルブガイド。
- 前記バルブガイド外周表面は、全面にわたり空孔が封孔されている、請求項1に記載のバルブガイド。
- 前記バルブガイド外周表面は、長さ方向において燃焼室側に配置される側の空孔が封孔されている、請求項1に記載のバルブガイド。
- 前記バルブガイドの端面表面のうち、少なくとも燃焼室側に配置される端面表面の空孔が封孔されている、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のバルブガイド。
- 前記バルブガイドの断面を観察し、該断面において空孔が封孔された前記外周面に該当する部分のうち、長さ30mmの範囲において、深さ20μm以上かつ外周面に開口した長さが20μm以上である空孔の数が18個以下である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のバルブガイド。
- 潤滑油が含侵される前のバルブガイドの密度が6.55g/cm3~7.15g/cm3である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の、バルブガイド。
- 原料粉末を成型して成型体を得る成型工程と、
前記成型体を焼結する焼結工程と、
前記工程で得た焼結体に、潤滑油を含侵させる含侵工程と、
潤滑油が含侵された焼結体の外周表面の空孔に封孔処理を行う封孔処理工程と、
を含む焼結合金製バルブガイドの製造方法。 - 前記含侵工程は、減圧下で焼結体に潤滑油を含侵させる、請求項7に記載の製造方法。
- 前記バルブガイド外周表面は、全面にわたり空孔が封孔されている、請求項7又は8に記載の製造方法。
- 前記バルブガイド外周表面は、長さ方向において燃焼室側に配置される側の空孔が封孔されている、請求項7~9のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記バルブガイドの端面表面のうち、燃焼室側に配置される端面表面の空孔が封孔されている、請求項7~10のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記封孔処理工程は、ショットブラスト処理、バニシングによるつぶし加工処理、樹脂含侵加工処理、めっき処理、及び水蒸気処理、から選択される1種を含む、請求項7~11のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
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JP2021555239A JP7122480B1 (ja) | 2021-04-27 | 2021-04-27 | 焼結合金製バルブガイド、及び焼結合金製バルブガイドの製造方法 |
US17/922,613 US11719138B2 (en) | 2021-04-27 | 2021-04-27 | Sintered alloy valve guide and method of producing sintered alloy valve guide |
PCT/JP2021/016775 WO2022230046A1 (ja) | 2021-04-27 | 2021-04-27 | 焼結合金製バルブガイド、及び焼結合金製バルブガイドの製造方法 |
EP21937219.0A EP4130444A4 (en) | 2021-04-27 | 2021-04-27 | SINTERED ALLOY VALVE GUIDE AND METHOD OF MAKING SINTERED ALLOY VALVE GUIDE |
CN202311487478.7A CN117515038A (zh) | 2021-04-27 | 2022-04-27 | 烧结合金制阀导管和烧结合金制阀导管的制造方法 |
CN202221005940.6U CN220523851U (zh) | 2021-04-27 | 2022-04-27 | 烧结合金制阀导管 |
CN202210456074.0A CN115127008A (zh) | 2021-04-27 | 2022-04-27 | 烧结合金制阀导管和烧结合金制阀导管的制造方法 |
JP2022093124A JP2022169498A (ja) | 2021-04-27 | 2022-06-08 | 焼結合金製バルブガイド、及び焼結合金製バルブガイドの製造方法 |
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JPS573817B2 (ja) | 1976-02-09 | 1982-01-22 | ||
JPS54173117U (ja) | 1978-05-26 | 1979-12-07 | ||
JPH08232619A (ja) * | 1995-02-24 | 1996-09-10 | Hitachi Powdered Metals Co Ltd | 内燃機関用焼結合金製バルブガイド |
JP2006052468A (ja) * | 2004-07-15 | 2006-02-23 | Hitachi Powdered Metals Co Ltd | 焼結バルブガイド及びその製造方法 |
DE102009052302A1 (de) * | 2009-11-09 | 2011-05-12 | Dow Corning Gmbh | Lagerelement mit festschmierstoffhaltiger Imprägnierung |
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JP2022169498A (ja) | 2022-11-09 |
JP7122480B1 (ja) | 2022-08-19 |
EP4130444A4 (en) | 2023-07-19 |
US11719138B2 (en) | 2023-08-08 |
JPWO2022230046A1 (ja) | 2022-11-03 |
CN220523851U (zh) | 2024-02-23 |
CN115127008A (zh) | 2022-09-30 |
CN117515038A (zh) | 2024-02-06 |
EP4130444A1 (en) | 2023-02-08 |
US20230127085A1 (en) | 2023-04-27 |
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