WO2022215630A1 - 回転機械のラビング位置同定装置、及び、ラビング位置同定方法 - Google Patents
回転機械のラビング位置同定装置、及び、ラビング位置同定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 9
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H1/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector
- G01H1/003—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector of rotating machines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
- F01D21/003—Arrangements for testing or measuring
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
- F01D21/04—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to undesired position of rotor relative to stator or to breaking-off of a part of the rotor, e.g. indicating such position
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H1/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector
- G01H1/12—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector of longitudinal or not specified vibrations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
- G01M13/045—Acoustic or vibration analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
- F05D2220/31—Application in turbines in steam turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
- F05D2270/81—Microphones
Definitions
- TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates to a rubbing position identification device for a rotary machine and a rubbing position identification method.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-065608 filed with the Japan Patent Office on April 8, 2021, the content of which is incorporated herein.
- rubbing detection in rotating machines was performed by detecting shaft vibration of the rotating shaft.
- Shaft vibration in the rotating shaft may occur due to rubbing (rubbing) between the seal and the rotating shaft due to thermal deformation of the casing, and thermal bending of the rotating shaft due to the heat generated by the rubbing.
- the occurrence of such rubbing causes shaft vibration of the rotary machine and degradation of performance due to deterioration of seals.
- Shaft vibration of the rotating shaft is a phenomenon that can be detected when rubbing has progressed to the extent that thermal bending occurs in the rotor. There was a risk that it would be necessary to take measures that would greatly affect the operation of the machine. Therefore, early detection of rubbing is desired.
- Rubbing detection technology using an AE sensor capable of detecting AE (Acoustic Emission) signals is known as one method for solving such problems.
- the AE sensor is easy to install, and by detecting the AE signal based on the contact sound of the rotating body, it is possible to detect rubbing at an earlier stage than in the conventional case based on shaft vibration, which is promising.
- a plurality of AE sensors are provided along the circumferential direction with respect to the rotating shaft, and the AE signals detected by these AE sensors are processed to identify the position where rubbing occurs in the circumferential direction. Techniques are disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 since it is necessary to install a plurality of AE sensors for the rotating machine, the number of AE sensors increases and the cost increases.
- rubbing is detected in a cross section where a plurality of AE sensors are arranged, it is difficult to detect rubbing if rubbing occurs at an axial position different from the cross section.
- rubbing detection is performed based on minute phase differences between a plurality of AE sensors due to rubbing, it may be difficult to detect rubbing due to the influence of noise included in the AE signal.
- At least one embodiment of the present disclosure has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a rubbing position identification device for a rotary machine and a rubbing position identification method that can identify the circumferential position of rubbing with a simple configuration. With the goal.
- a rubbing position identification device for a rotary machine includes: A rubbing position identification device for a rotating machine comprising a fixed part and a rotating part, at least one AE sensor for detecting AE signals of the rotating machine; at least one shaft vibration sensor for detecting a shaft vibration signal of the rotating part;
- a rubbing position identification device for a rotating machine comprising a fixed part and a rotating part, at least one AE sensor for detecting AE signals of the rotating machine; at least one shaft vibration sensor for detecting a shaft vibration signal of the rotating part;
- a rubbing position identification method for a rotary machine includes: A rubbing position identification method for a rotating machine comprising a fixed part and a rotating part, comprising: detecting an AE signal of the rotating machine; detecting a shaft vibration signal of the rotating part; When rubbing occurs in the rotary machine, the AE phase corresponding to the peak of the envelope identified based on the temporal change of the AE signal, and the AE phase identified based on the temporal change of the shaft vibration signal a step of identifying a circumferential position of a location where rubbing occurs in the rotating machine based on a difference from a shaft vibration phase corresponding to a high-spot position of the rotating part; Prepare.
- a rubbing position identification device for a rotary machine and a rubbing position identification method that can identify the circumferential position of rubbing with a simple configuration.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional structural view of a rotating machine according to one embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing a rubbing position identification method according to one embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows the state inside a rotary machine. It is a schematic diagram which shows the state inside a rotary machine. It is an example of the AE signal and shaft vibration signal acquired in step S101 of FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing from the axial direction the mounting position of the shaft vibration sensor in the rubbing position identification device according to another embodiment.
- 8 is a flowchart showing a rubbing position identification method according to another embodiment; It is an example of the AE signal detected by the AE sensor and the shaft vibration signal detected by the first shaft vibration sensor and the second shaft vibration sensor acquired in step S201 of FIG.
- FIG. 7 is an example of an orbit diagram created in step S202 of FIG. 6.
- FIG. FIG. 8B is an example of identification of the rubbing circumferential direction position based on the normal direction identified from the orbit diagram of FIG. 8A.
- FIG. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the configuration of a rubbing position identification device according to another embodiment; 10 is a flowchart showing a rubbing position identification method that can be performed by the rubbing position identification device of FIG. 9; FIG.
- 10 is an explanatory diagram of linear interpolation between a shaft vibration vector corresponding to a shaft vibration signal detected by a third shaft vibration sensor and a shaft vibration vector corresponding to a shaft vibration signal detected by a fourth shaft vibration sensor; 10 is a flowchart showing another rubbing position identification method that can be performed by the rubbing position identification device of FIG. 9;
- FIG. 1 is a sectional structural diagram of a rotary machine 1 according to one embodiment.
- the rotary machine 1 comprises a stationary part 2 and a rotating part 4 rotatable relative to the stationary part 2 .
- the stationary part 2 is the casing of the rotating machine 1 and is stationary with respect to the outside.
- the rotating portion 4 is rotatably supported with respect to the stationary portion 2 via a pair of bearings 6a and 6b.
- a clearance D is provided between the stationary part 2 and the rotating part 4 .
- a working fluid W is supplied to the clearance D from a supply portion 3 provided in the stationary portion 2 to drive the rotating portion 4 .
- the working fluid W that has driven the rotating portion 4 is discharged to the outside from a discharging portion 5 provided in the stationary portion 2 .
- at least one of the stationary part 2 and the rotating part 4 is deformed due to the influence of heat or the like, which may reduce the clearance D and cause rubbing. Such rubbing can be detected based on an AE signal detected by an AE sensor 10, which will be described later.
- the rotating part 4 is, for example, a rotor (rotating shaft) that can be rotated by the power of the working fluid W.
- the rotating portion 4 has moving blades 4a for receiving the working fluid W, and the rotating portion 4 is rotationally driven by receiving the working fluid W at the moving blades 4a.
- the rotary machine 1 is a steam turbine using steam as the working fluid W, for example.
- the rotating part 4 is rotatably supported by a pair of bearings 6a and 6b (radial bearings).
- the bearing 6 a is provided on one end side of the rotating portion 4
- the bearing 6 b is provided on the other end side of the rotating portion 4 .
- the bearings 6a, 6b are housed in bearing boxes 7a, 7b, respectively.
- the rubbing position identification device 100 is a device for identifying the position where rubbing occurs when rubbing occurs in the rotary machine 1 having the above configuration.
- a seal or the like attached to the stationary part 2 that is thermally deformed may rub against the rotating part 4 .
- the rubbing position identification device 100 performs calculations for identifying rubbing positions based on at least one AE sensor 10, at least one shaft vibration sensor 20, and at least one AE sensor 10 and at least one shaft vibration sensor 20. and a calculation unit 30 for performing the calculation.
- the AE sensor 10 is a sensor for detecting AE signals of the rotary machine 1 .
- the AE wave generated at the point where rubbing occurs propagates through the stationary part 2 and the rotating part 4 as an elastic wave, and is detected as an AE signal by each AE sensor 10 installed in the rotating machine 1 .
- the AE wave generally has a frequency in the sound wave range of several tens of kHz to several MHz, and is detected by the AE sensor 10 as an AE signal.
- the single AE sensor 10 is provided in the bearing 6a (bearing housing 7a) so that the AE wave from the location where rubbing occurs can be detected.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the case where the single AE sensor 10 is provided in the bearing 6a (bearing box 7a), it may be provided in the bearing 6b (bearing box 7b).
- the shaft vibration sensor 20 is a sensor for detecting shaft vibration signals of the rotary machine 1 .
- the shaft vibration sensor 20 is arranged such that the detection portion faces the rotating portion 4, which is a detection target of shaft vibration, and is configured to be able to detect shaft vibration based on the distance between the detecting portion and the rotating portion 4.
- the single shaft vibration sensor 20 is provided in the bearing 6a (bearing housing 7a), so that the shaft vibration from the location where rubbing occurs can be detected.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the case where the single shaft vibration sensor 20 is provided in the bearing 6a (bearing box 7a), it may be provided in the bearing 6b (bearing box 7b).
- the AE sensor 10 and the shaft vibration sensor 20 are installed at mutually different axial positions in the common bearing 6a (bearing housing 7a).
- the box 7a) and the other may be installed in the bearing 6b (bearing box 7b)), respectively, or may be installed in the same axial position as each other.
- the calculation unit 30 is configured to perform calculations to identify the rubbing position based on the detection results of the AE sensor 10 and the shaft vibration sensor 20.
- a CPU Central Processing Unit
- RAM Random Access Memory
- ROM Read Only Memory
- a series of processes for realizing various functions is stored in a storage medium or the like in the form of a program, for example, and the CPU reads out this program to a RAM or the like, and executes information processing and arithmetic processing. As a result, various functions are realized.
- the program is pre-installed in a ROM or other storage medium, provided in a state stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or distributed via wired or wireless communication means. etc. may be applied.
- Computer-readable storage media include magnetic disks, magneto-optical disks, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, semiconductor memories, and the like.
- the calculation unit 30 includes a rubbing determination unit 32 for determining the presence or absence of rubbing, and a rubbing position identification unit 34 for identifying the rubbing generation position when it is determined that there is rubbing. It should be noted that the method of determining the presence or absence of rubbing in the rubbing determination unit 32 follows a known example, and although the details are omitted, early rubbing determination is possible by performing determination based on the AE signal detected by the AE sensor 10. is.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a rubbing position identification method according to one embodiment.
- the rubbing determination unit 32 determines the presence or absence of rubbing (step S100).
- the rubbing determination in step S100 is performed based on the AE signal detected by the AE sensor 10, for example. If the rubbing determination unit 32 determines that there is rubbing (step S100: YES), the rubbing position identification unit 34 detects the AE signal detected by the AE sensor 10 and the shaft vibration signal detected by the shaft vibration sensor 20. (step S101).
- FIGS. 3A and 3B are schematic diagrams showing the internal state of the rotary machine 1, and FIG. 4 is an example of the AE signal and shaft vibration signal acquired in step S101 of FIG.
- the rotating portion 4 is rotationally driven inside the stationary portion 2 .
- the radially outermost high spot position Ph of the rotating portion 4 moves along a trajectory K eccentric to the center O of the stationary portion 2 (for example, a substantially circular trajectory having a whirling center O′).
- FIG. 3A shows that the high spot position Ph is closest to the shaft vibration sensor 20 mounted at the position of the mounting angle ⁇ vib from the predetermined reference position Pr in the stationary part 2, and FIG. A state in which rubbing occurs due to contact of the spot position Ph with the stationary portion 2 is shown.
- FIG. 4 shows temporal changes in the AE signal and the shaft vibration signal detected simultaneously by the AE sensor 10 and the shaft vibration sensor 20 .
- the detection of the AE signal by the AE sensor 10 and the detection of the shaft vibration signal by the shaft vibration sensor 20 are continuously performed.
- a signal is made over a period of time.
- the predetermined time is appropriately set so that the AE signal and the shaft vibration signal sufficient to specify the AE phase ⁇ rub and the shaft vibration phase ⁇ vib, which will be described later, are obtained.
- the AE signal generally has a waveform whose amplitude fluctuates at a predetermined frequency.
- a component synchronous with the rotation speed of the rotary machine 1 (rotational speed synchronous component) appears in the envelope Lh specified by .
- Such a rotation speed synchronous component has a behavior that fluctuates so as to show a maximum peak periodically.
- the shaft vibration signal has a waveform whose amplitude changes periodically according to the distance between the shaft vibration sensor 20 attached to the stationary portion 2 and the rotating portion 4, as shown in FIG.
- Such a shaft vibration signal is obtained as a sine wave having a maximum peak at the timing when the high spot position Ph passes near the shaft vibration sensor 20 .
- the rubbing position identification unit 34 obtains the AE phase ⁇ rub based on the AE signal acquired in step S101 (step S102).
- the AE phase .theta.rub is the phase corresponding to the peak of the envelope Lh specified based on the temporal change of the AE signal (when the rpm synchronous component of the envelope Lh of the AE signal becomes maximum). is specified as the rotation angle ⁇ ).
- the rubbing position identification unit 34 also obtains the shaft vibration phase ⁇ vib based on the shaft vibration signal acquired in step S101 (step S103).
- the shaft vibration phase ⁇ vib is the phase corresponding to the high spot position Ph of the rotating part 4 specified based on the temporal change of the shaft vibration signal (the rotation angle at which the amplitude of the shaft vibration signal is maximized). ⁇ ).
- ⁇ vib and ⁇ rub are angles with respect to the reference position Pr defined for the stationary portion 2 .
- the reference position Pr for example, a position where a one-pulse meter (not shown) for counting the number of revolutions of the rotating part 4 is installed can be used.
- ⁇ vib and ⁇ rub are rotation angles ⁇ with respect to the reference angle of the rotating portion 4.
- the angle at which the one-pulse marker provided on the rotating portion 4 passes the position of the one-pulse meter provided on the stationary portion 2 is the reference. Can be used as corners.
- the circumferential position of the rubbing occurrence location can be similarly identified.
- ⁇ vib 0
- ⁇ rub is the relative rotation angle from the rotation angle at which the shaft vibration displacement is maximum.
- the circumferential position of the location where rubbing occurs is preferably determined based on the AE signal detected by the single AE sensor 10 and the shaft vibration signal detected by the shaft vibration sensor 20. can be identified as Such identification of the circumferential position does not require a complicated configuration or calculation, and is less susceptible to noise, so it is possible to identify the rubbing position with high reliability even under various conditions. .
- the stationary part 2 is composed of two casings divided into upper and lower parts
- the location where rubbing occurs is located on the upper side in the circumferential direction
- only the upper casing is opened to take countermeasures.
- the range of countermeasures can be effectively narrowed down.
- the location where rubbing occurs is located on the lower side in the circumferential direction, it is possible to grasp in advance whether or not it is necessary to lift the rotating part 4 in order to repair the casing on the lower side, thereby efficiently planning the work. I can make a plan.
- the direction in which the clearance D should be adjusted is determined based on the circumferential position of the location where rubbing occurs.
- the mechanism can be operated or controlled based on the determination result.
- the trajectory K of the high spot position Ph on the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction is substantially circular
- the axial position of the point where rubbing occurs is in the vicinity of the shaft vibration sensor 20.
- the circumferential position can be preferably identified under the condition that the axial vibration phase ⁇ vib is uniform in the axial direction. Accuracy may decrease.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the mounting position of the shaft vibration sensor 20 in the rubbing position identification device 100 according to another embodiment from the axial direction.
- the orbit K has a substantially elliptical shape with respect to the whirling center O′, and on the same cross section perpendicular to the axial direction, the shaft vibration sensor 20 has a first shaft having a mounting angle different from each other.
- a vibration sensor 20a and a second axis vibration sensor 20b are provided. That is, the mounting angle ⁇ vib1 of the first shaft vibration sensor 20a and the mounting angle ⁇ vib2 of the second shaft vibration sensor 20b are different.
- the mounting angle ⁇ vib1 of the first shaft vibration sensor 20a and the mounting angle ⁇ vib2 of the second shaft vibration sensor 20b are different from each other by 90 degrees.
- FIG. 6 is a flow chart showing a rubbing position identification method according to another embodiment.
- the rubbing determination unit 32 determines the presence or absence of rubbing (step S200) in the same manner as in step S100 described above. If the rubbing determination unit 32 determines that there is rubbing (step S200: YES), the rubbing position identification unit 34 detects the AE signal detected by the AE sensor 10, the first axis vibration sensor 20a and the second axis vibration sensor 20b. , respectively, are acquired (step S201).
- FIG. 7 shows an example of the AE signal detected by the AE sensor 10 and the shaft vibration signals detected by the first shaft vibration sensor 20a and the second shaft vibration sensor 20b obtained in step S201 of FIG.
- the shaft vibration signal detected by the first shaft vibration sensor 20a has a predetermined phase difference from the shaft vibration signal detected by the second shaft vibration sensor 20b.
- the phase difference corresponds to the mounting angle ⁇ vib1 of the first shaft vibration sensor 20a and the mounting angle ⁇ vib2 of the second shaft vibration sensor 20b.
- the rubbing position identification unit 34 obtains the shaft vibration trajectory of the rotating unit 4 based on the shaft vibration signal acquired in step S201 (step S202).
- the shaft vibration trajectory is obtained by creating an orbit diagram Fo based on the shaft vibration signal detected by the first shaft vibration sensor 20a and the shaft vibration signal detected by the second shaft vibration sensor 20b.
- FIG. 8A is an example of the orbit diagram Fo created in step S202 of FIG. 6, and
- FIG. 8B is an example of identifying the rubbing circumferential position based on the normal direction Dh specified from the orbit diagram Fo of FIG. 8A. is.
- the trajectory K of the high spot position Ph with respect to the whirling center O' has a substantially elliptical shape.
- the rubbing position identification unit 34 obtains the AE phase ⁇ rub based on the AE signal acquired in step S201 (step S203).
- step S203 as in step S102 described above, as shown in FIG. 7, the phase corresponding to the peak of the envelope specified based on the temporal change of the AE signal (the rotation speed synchronization of the envelope Lh of the AE signal) It is specified as the rotation angle ⁇ ) when the component is maximized.
- the rubbing position identification unit 34 identifies a tangent line Ls passing through the position corresponding to the AE phase ⁇ rub obtained in step S203 in the trajectory K obtained in step S202, and further identifies the tangent line Ls.
- a normal direction Dh is obtained (step S204).
- the rubbing position identification unit 34 identifies the circumferential position of rubbing as an intersection point Pc between a straight line passing through the center of the stationary portion 2 and parallel to the normal direction Dh and the stationary portion 2 ( step S205).
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the configuration of a rubbing position identification device 100 according to another embodiment.
- the rubbing position identification device 100 includes, as the axial vibration sensors 20, a third axial vibration sensor 20c and a fourth axial vibration sensor 20d which are installed at mutually different axial positions.
- a third shaft vibration sensor 20c and a fourth shaft vibration sensor 20d are provided in the bearing housings 7a and 7b of the bearings 6a and 6b, respectively.
- the AE sensor 10 and the third shaft vibration sensor 20c are installed at different axial positions in the common bearing 6a (bearing housing 7a). They may be installed on the bearings (for example, the bearing 6a (bearing box 7a) on one side and the bearing 6b (bearing box 7b) on the other side), or they may be installed at the same axial position.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a rubbing position identification method that can be performed by the rubbing position identification device 100 of FIG. In this embodiment, it is assumed that the deformation that occurs in the rotating part 4 during operation of the rotating machine 1 is sufficiently small and can be regarded as a rigid body.
- the rubbing determination unit 32 determines the presence or absence of rubbing (step S300) in the same manner as in steps S100 and S200 described above.
- the rubbing position identification unit 34 estimates the axial position of the rubbing on the rotating unit 4 (step S301).
- the axial position may be estimated, for example, based on the design specifications of the stationary part 2 and the rotating part 4 of the rotating machine 1 (for example, if rubbing is likely to occur based on the distribution of the clearance D along the axial direction) Position may be estimated), numerical analysis may be performed, or the clearance D may be estimated based on the measurement result of a sensor (not shown) capable of measuring.
- the rubbing position identification unit 34 obtains the AE phase ⁇ rub based on the AE signal acquired in step S301 (step S302) in the same manner as in step S102 described above.
- the AE phase ⁇ rub is the phase corresponding to the peak of the envelope Lh specified based on the temporal change of the AE signal (rotation angle ⁇ when the rotational frequency synchronous component of the envelope Lh of the AE signal is maximized). identified.
- the rubbing position identification unit 34 detects the shaft vibration vector V1 (amplitude A, phase ⁇ ) corresponding to the shaft vibration signal detected by the third shaft vibration sensor 20c and the fourth shaft vibration sensor By linearly interpolating the shaft vibration vector V2 (amplitude B, phase ⁇ ) corresponding to the shaft vibration signal detected at 20d, the shaft vibration phase ⁇ vib at the axial position is obtained (step S303). Specifically, as shown in FIG.
- the rubbing position identification unit 34 determines the circumferential position of the rubbing occurrence location. is identified (step S304).
- the rubbing circumferential position can be preferably identified at any axial position.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing another rubbing position identification method that can be implemented by the rubbing position identification device 100 of FIG. This embodiment can also be applied when the deformation of the rotating part 4 cannot be ignored and cannot be approximated as a rigid body mode.
- the rubbing determination unit 32 determines the presence or absence of rubbing (step S400) in the same manner as in steps S100, S200, and S300 described above. If the rubbing determination unit 32 determines that there is rubbing (step S400: YES), the rubbing position identification unit 34 identifies a vibration mode that can be excited at the rotational speed at which rubbing occurs (step S401). For example, before carrying out this method, the relationship between the number of revolutions of the rotating part 4 and the types of vibration modes excited at each number of revolutions is obtained by carrying out a mode analysis in advance, and in step S401 , the number of revolutions at which rubbing occurs, to the relationship, it is determined which vibration modes can be excited.
- the rubbing position identification unit 34 determines whether or not the number of vibration modes identified in step S401 is equal to or less than the number of axial vibration sensors 20 arranged at mutually different axial positions (step S402).
- the condition of step S402 is satisfied by specifying two vibration modes in step S401 (the number of vibration modes and the number of shaft vibration sensors 20 are equal) will be described. If the number of vibration modes is less than the number of axial vibration sensors 20 arranged at mutually different axial positions (step S402: NO), the following identification method does not hold, and the process ends.
- step S403 determines, for each vibration mode specified in step S401, The amplitude ratio between the axial position of the shaft vibration sensor 20 and the axial position of the location where rubbing occurs is calculated by mode analysis (step S403).
- mode analysis step S403 for the first vibration mode, the ratio of the vibration amplitude at the third axis vibration sensor 20c, the vibration amplitude at the fourth axis vibration sensor 20d, and the vibration amplitude at the rubbing occurrence location is 1: ⁇ 1: ⁇ 1.
- the ratio of the vibration amplitude at the third axis vibration sensor 20c, the vibration amplitude at the fourth axis vibration sensor 20d, and the vibration amplitude at the rubbing occurrence location was calculated as 1: ⁇ 2: ⁇ 2. A case will be described.
- the contact position in the circumferential direction can be identified at any axial position using modal analysis. is.
- a rotary machine rubbing position identification device includes: A rubbing position identification device (for example, the A rubbing position identification device 30), at least one AE sensor (for example, AE sensor 10 in the above embodiment) for detecting AE signals of the rotating machine; at least one shaft vibration sensor (for example, the shaft vibration sensor 20 of the above embodiment) for detecting a shaft vibration signal of the rotating part;
- a rubbing position identification device for example, the A rubbing position identification device 30
- at least one AE sensor for example, AE sensor 10 in the above embodiment
- shaft vibration sensor for example, the shaft vibration sensor 20 of the above embodiment
- the shaft vibration signal Based on the difference from the shaft vibration phase (for example, the shaft vibration phase ⁇ vib in the above embodiment) corresponding to the high spot position (for example, the high spot position Ph in the above embodiment) of the rotating portion specified based on the temporal change
- a rubbing position identification unit for example, the rubbing position identification unit 34 of the above embodiment for identifying the circumferential position of the rubbing occurrence location in the
- the circumferential position where rubbing occurs can be preferably identified based on the AE signals detected by a small number of AE sensors and the shaft vibration signal detected by the shaft vibration sensor.
- identification of the circumferential position does not require a complicated configuration or calculation, and is less susceptible to noise, so it is possible to identify the rubbing position with high reliability even under various conditions. .
- the at least one shaft vibration sensor has an amplitude corresponding to the size of a clearance (for example, the clearance D in the above embodiment) between the shaft vibration sensor installed on the fixed portion and the rotating portion. configured to detect a vibration signal,
- the rubbing position identification unit identifies the high spot position based on a maximum peak included in the temporal change of the amplitude.
- the at least one shaft vibration sensor includes a first shaft vibration sensor (for example, the first shaft vibration sensor 20a in the above embodiment) and a second shaft vibration sensor (for example, the second shaft vibration sensor in the above embodiment) having mounting angles different from each other. 20b),
- the rubbing position identification unit obtains a trajectory of the high spot position based on the shaft vibration signals respectively detected by the first shaft vibration sensor and the second shaft vibration sensor, and calculates the trajectory of the high spot position based on the trajectory and the AE phase. Identify the circumferential position.
- the high spot position is activated based on the shaft vibration signals detected by the plurality of shaft vibration sensors, and the AE phase is based on the AE signals detected by the AE sensor.
- the trajectory of the high spot position has a non-circular shape such as an ellipse
- the circumferential position of the rubbing occurrence point can be preferably identified.
- the circumferential position identifying unit identifies the circumferential position by a normal direction of a tangent line passing through a point corresponding to the AE phase plotted on the track.
- the circumferential position can be identified by plotting the point corresponding to the AE phase on the orbit and obtaining the normal direction of the tangent line passing through the point.
- the at least one axial vibration sensor includes a third axial vibration sensor (for example, the third axial vibration sensor 20c in the above embodiment) and a fourth axial vibration sensor (for example, the fourth axial vibration sensor in the above embodiment) which are respectively installed at different axial positions. including a four-axis vibration sensor 20d),
- the circumferential position identification unit calculates the axial phase by linear interpolation of shaft vibration vectors based on the shaft vibration signals detected by the third shaft vibration sensor and the fourth shaft vibration sensor.
- the shaft vibration vector based on the shaft vibration signals detected by the two shaft vibration sensors located at different axial positions. Even when rubbing occurs at the directional position, the circumferential position can be properly identified.
- the at least one axial vibration sensor includes a fifth axial vibration sensor (for example, the fifth axial vibration sensor 20e in the above embodiment) and a sixth axial vibration sensor (for example, the fifth axial vibration sensor 20e in the above embodiment) which are respectively installed at axial positions different from each other.
- the rubbing position identification unit uses a coefficient that defines a vibration amplitude ratio between the fifth axis vibration sensor, the sixth axis vibration sensor, and the rubbing occurrence location for each vibration mode obtained by the mode analysis to determine the The circumferential position is identified by obtaining an axial vibration vector corresponding to the location where the rubbing occurs as a linear sum of axial vibration vectors respectively corresponding to the fifth axial vibration sensor and the sixth axial vibration sensor.
- rubbing is performed as a linear sum of shaft vibration vectors corresponding to each shaft vibration sensor using a coefficient corresponding to the vibration amplitude ratio between each shaft vibration sensor and the rubbing occurrence location for each vibration mode.
- the circumferential position of the rubbing can be identified by obtaining the axial vibration vector at the location where the rubbing occurs. Such identification of the circumferential position can be suitably performed even when the rotating part cannot be regarded as a rigid body because it is accompanied by deformation such as torsion during operation of the rotating machine.
- the shaft vibration sensor and the AE sensor include a bearing box (for example, the bearing box 7 in the above embodiment) in which a bearing (for example, the bearing 6 in the above embodiment) that rotatably supports the rotating part with respect to the stationary part is housed. ).
- the shaft vibration sensor and the AE sensor are provided in the bearing housing that accommodates the bearing that rotatably supports the rotating shaft, the shaft vibration and the AE wave can be detected appropriately from the rubbing. .
- Said rotating machine is a steam turbine.
- the circumferential position of rubbing generated in the steam turbine can be preferably identified.
- a rubbing position identification method for a rotary machine includes: A rubbing position identification method for a rotary machine (for example, the rotary machine 1 of the above embodiment) including a fixed part (for example, the fixed part 2 of the above embodiment) and a rotating part (for example, the rotary part 4 of the above embodiment), detecting an AE signal of the rotating machine; detecting a shaft vibration signal of the rotating part;
- an AE phase for example, the AE phase ⁇ rub in the above embodiment
- the shaft vibration signal Based on the difference from the shaft vibration phase corresponding to the high-spot position (for example, the high-spot position Ph in the above embodiment) of the rotating part specified based on the temporal change, the circumferential direction of the rubbing occurrence location in the rotating machine identifying the location; Prepare.
- the circumferential position where rubbing occurs can be preferably identified based on the AE signals detected by the small number of AE sensors and the shaft vibration signal detected by the shaft vibration sensor. Such identification of the circumferential position does not require a complicated configuration or calculation, and is less susceptible to noise, so it is possible to identify the rubbing position with high reliability even under various conditions. .
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2021年4月8日に日本国特許庁に出願された特願2021-065608号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
固定部及び回転部を備える回転機械のラビング位置同定装置であって、
前記回転機械のAE信号を検出するための少なくとも1つのAEセンサと、
前記回転部の軸振動信号を検出するための少なくとも1つの軸振動センサと、
前記回転機械にラビングが発生した場合に、前記AE信号の時間的変化に基づいて特定される包絡線のピークに対応するAE位相と、前記軸振動信号の時間的変化に基づいて特定される前記回転部のハイスポット位置に対応する軸振動位相との差に基づいて、前記回転機械におけるラビング発生箇所の周方向位置を同定するためのラビング位置同定部と、
を備える。
固定部及び回転部を備える回転機械のラビング位置同定方法であって、
前記回転機械のAE信号を検出する工程と、
前記回転部の軸振動信号を検出する工程と、
前記回転機械にラビングが発生した場合に、前記AE信号の時間的変化に基づいて特定される包絡線のピークに対応するAE位相と、前記軸振動信号の時間的変化に基づいて特定される前記回転部のハイスポット位置に対応する軸振動位相との差に基づいて、前記回転機械におけるラビング発生箇所の周方向位置を同定する工程と、
を備える。
尚、図1では、単一のAEセンサ10が軸受6a(軸受箱7a)に設けられた場合を例示しているが、軸受6b(軸受箱7b)に設けられていてもよい。
尚、図1では、単一の軸振動センサ20が軸受6a(軸受箱7a)に設けられた場合を例示しているが、軸受6b(軸受箱7b)に設けられていてもよい。
φrub=φvib+Δθ=φvib+(θrub-θvib) (1)
により同定される。
尚、振動モードの数が、互いに異なる軸方向位置に配置された軸振動センサ20の数未満である場合(ステップS402:NO)、以下の同定方法は成立しないため、処理を終了する。
固定部(例えば上記実施形態の固定部2)及び回転部(例えば上記実施形態の回転部4)を備える回転機械(例えば上記実施形態の回転機械1)のラビング位置同定装置(例えば上記実施形態のラビング位置同定装置30)であって、
前記回転機械のAE信号を検出するための少なくとも1つのAEセンサ(例えば上記実施形態のAEセンサ10)と、
前記回転部の軸振動信号を検出するための少なくとも1つの軸振動センサ(例えば上記実施形態の軸振動センサ20)と、
前記回転機械にラビングが発生した場合に、前記AE信号の時間的変化に基づいて特定される包絡線のピークに対応するAE位相(例えば上記実施形態のAE位相Rrub)と、前記軸振動信号の時間的変化に基づいて特定される前記回転部のハイスポット位置(例えば上記実施形態のハイスポット位置Ph)に対応する軸振動位相(例えば上記実施形態の軸振動位相θvib)との差に基づいて、前記回転機械におけるラビング発生箇所の周方向位置を同定するためのラビング位置同定部(例えば上記実施形態のラビング位置同定部34)と、
を備える。
前記周方向位置φrubは、基準位置に対する前記軸振動センサの取付位置φvib、前記AE位相θrub及び前記軸振動位相θvibを用いて次式
φrub=φvib+(θrub-θvib)
で表される。
前記少なくとも1つの軸振動センサは、前記固定部に設置された前記軸振動センサと前記回転部との間にあるクリアランス(例えば上記実施形態のクリアランスD)の大きさに対応する振幅を有する前記軸振動信号を検出するように構成され、
前記ラビング位置同定部は、前記振幅の時間的変化に含まれる最大ピークに基づいて前記ハイスポット位置を特定する。
前記少なくとも1つの軸振動センサは、互いに異なる取付角度を有する第1軸振動センサ(例えば上記実施形態の第1軸振動センサ20a)及び第2軸振動センサ(例えば上記実施形態の第2軸振動センサ20b)を含み、
前記ラビング位置同定部は、前記第1軸振動センサ及び第2軸振動センサでそれぞれ検出された前記軸振動信号に基づいて前記ハイスポット位置の軌道を求め、前記軌道及び前記AE位相に基づいて前記周方向位置を同定する。
前記周方向位置同定部は、前記軌道上にプロットされた前記AE位相に対応する点を通る接線の法線方向により前記周方向位置を同定する。
前記少なくとも1つの軸振動センサは、互いに異なる軸方向位置にそれぞれ設置された第3軸振動センサ(例えば上記実施形態の第3軸振動センサ20c)及び第4軸振動センサ(例えば上記実施形態の第4軸振動センサ20d)を含み、
前記周方向位置同定部は、前記第3軸振動センサ及び前記第4軸振動センサでそれぞれ検出された前記軸振動信号に基づく軸振動ベクトルの線形補間により、前記軸方向位相を算出する。
前記少なくとも1つの軸振動センサは、互いに異なる軸方向位置にそれぞれ設置された第5軸振動センサ(例えば上記実施形態の第5軸振動センサ20e)及び第6軸振動センサ(例えば上記実施形態の第6軸振動センサ20f)を含み、
前記ラビング位置同定部は、モード解析で求められた振動モードごとに、前記第5軸振動センサ、前記第6軸振動センサ及び前記ラビングの発生箇所における振動振幅比を規定する係数を用いて、前記第5軸振動センサ及び前記第6軸振動センサにそれぞれ対応する軸振動ベクトルの線形和として前記ラビングの発生箇所に対応する軸振動ベクトルを求めることにより前記周方向位置を同定する。
前記軸振動センサ及び前記AEセンサは、前記回転部を前記静止部に対して回転可能に支持する軸受(例えば上記実施形態の軸受6)が収容される軸受箱(例えば上記実施形態の軸受箱7)に設けられる。
前記回転機械は蒸気タービンである。
固定部(例えば上記実施形態の固定部2)及び回転部(例えば上記実施形態の回転部4)を備える回転機械(例えば上記実施形態の回転機械1)のラビング位置同定方法であって、
前記回転機械のAE信号を検出する工程と、
前記回転部の軸振動信号を検出する工程と、
前記回転機械にラビングが発生した場合に、前記AE信号の時間的変化に基づいて特定される包絡線のピークに対応するAE位相(例えば上記実施形態のAE位相θrub)と、前記軸振動信号の時間的変化に基づいて特定される前記回転部のハイスポット位置(例えば上記実施形態のハイスポット位置Ph)に対応する軸振動位相との差に基づいて、前記回転機械におけるラビング発生箇所の周方向位置を同定する工程と、
を備える。
2 静止部
3 供給部
4 回転部
4a 動翼
5 排出部
6a,6b 軸受
7a,7b 軸受箱
10 AEセンサ
20 軸振動センサ
30 演算部
32 ラビング判定部
34 ラビング位置同定部
100 ラビング位置同定装置
D クリアランス
Dh 法線方向
Fo オービット線図
K 軌道
Lh 包絡線
Ls 接線
Ph ハイスポット位置
Claims (10)
- 固定部及び回転部を備える回転機械のラビング位置同定装置であって、
前記回転機械のAE信号を検出するための少なくとも1つのAEセンサと、
前記回転部の軸振動信号を検出するための少なくとも1つの軸振動センサと、
前記回転機械にラビングが発生した場合に、前記AE信号の時間的変化に基づいて特定される包絡線のピークに対応するAE位相と、前記軸振動信号の時間的変化に基づいて特定される前記回転部のハイスポット位置に対応する軸振動位相との差に基づいて、前記回転機械におけるラビング発生箇所の周方向位置を同定するためのラビング位置同定部と、
を備える、回転機械のラビング位置同定装置。 - 前記周方向位置φrubは、基準位置に対する前記軸振動センサの取付位置φvib、前記AE位相θrub及び前記軸振動位相θvibを用いて次式
φrub=φvib+(θrub-θvib)
で表される、請求項1に記載の回転機械のラビング位置同定装置。 - 前記少なくとも1つの軸振動センサは、前記固定部に設置された前記軸振動センサと前記回転部との間にあるクリアランスの大きさに対応する振幅を有する前記軸振動信号を検出するように構成され、
前記ラビング位置同定部は、前記振幅の時間的変化に含まれる最大ピークに基づいて前記ハイスポット位置を特定する、請求項1又は2に記載の回転機械のラビング位置同定装置。 - 前記少なくとも1つの軸振動センサは、互いに異なる取付角度を有する第1軸振動センサ及び第2軸振動センサを含み、
前記ラビング位置同定部は、前記第1軸振動センサ及び第2軸振動センサでそれぞれ検出された前記軸振動信号に基づいて前記ハイスポット位置の軌道を求め、前記軌道及び前記AE位相に基づいて前記周方向位置を同定する、請求項1に記載の回転機械のラビング位置同定装置。 - 前記周方向位置同定部は、前記軌道上にプロットされた前記AE位相に対応する点を通る接線の法線方向により前記周方向位置を同定する、請求項4に記載の回転機械のラビング位置同定装置。
- 前記少なくとも1つの軸振動センサは、互いに異なる軸方向位置にそれぞれ設置された第3軸振動センサ及び第4軸振動センサを含み、
前記周方向位置同定部は、前記第3軸振動センサ及び前記第4軸振動センサでそれぞれ検出された前記軸振動信号に基づく軸振動ベクトルの線形補間により、前記軸方向位相を算出する、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の回転機械のラビング位置同定装置。 - 前記少なくとも1つの軸振動センサは、互いに異なる軸方向位置にそれぞれ設置された第5軸振動センサ(例えば上記実施形態の第5軸振動センサ20e)及び第6軸振動センサ(例えば上記実施形態の第6軸振動センサ20f)を含み、
前記ラビング位置同定部は、モード解析で求められた振動モードごとに、前記第5軸振動センサ、前記第6軸振動センサ及び前記ラビングの発生箇所における振動振幅比を規定する係数を用いて、前記第5軸振動センサ及び前記第6軸振動センサにそれぞれ対応する軸振動ベクトルの線形和として前記ラビングの発生箇所に対応する軸振動ベクトルを求めることにより前記周方向位置を同定する、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の回転機械のラビング位置同定装置。 - 前記軸振動センサ及び前記AEセンサは、前記回転部を前記静止部に対して回転可能に支持する軸受が収容される軸受箱に設けられる、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の回転機械のラビング位置同定装置。
- 前記回転機械は蒸気タービンである、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の回転機械のラビング位置同定装置。
- 固定部及び回転部を備える回転機械のラビング位置同定方法であって、
前記回転機械のAE信号を検出する工程と、
前記回転部の軸振動信号を検出する工程と、
前記回転機械にラビングが発生した場合に、前記AE信号の時間的変化に基づいて特定される包絡線のピークに対応するAE位相と、前記軸振動信号の時間的変化に基づいて特定される前記回転部のハイスポット位置に対応する軸振動位相との差に基づいて、前記回転機械におけるラビング発生箇所の周方向位置を同定する工程と、
を備える、回転機械のラビング位置同定方法。
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JP2022161074A (ja) | 2022-10-21 |
CN116981924A (zh) | 2023-10-31 |
KR20230147161A (ko) | 2023-10-20 |
DE112022000722T5 (de) | 2023-11-09 |
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