WO2022215387A1 - 水耕栽培方法 - Google Patents

水耕栽培方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022215387A1
WO2022215387A1 PCT/JP2022/008525 JP2022008525W WO2022215387A1 WO 2022215387 A1 WO2022215387 A1 WO 2022215387A1 JP 2022008525 W JP2022008525 W JP 2022008525W WO 2022215387 A1 WO2022215387 A1 WO 2022215387A1
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Prior art keywords
extract
trace element
plant
polyphenol
culture solution
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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森川クラウジオ健治
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National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
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National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
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Priority to JP2023512861A priority Critical patent/JP7770043B2/ja
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • C05F11/08—Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

Definitions

  • the present disclosure is a hydroponics method, specifically by adding a polyphenol-containing plant extract or mushroom extract to the culture solution, suppressing the occurrence of disease, assisting the absorption of nutrients, and autointoxication. It relates to a hydroponics technology capable of suppressing
  • hydroponics hydroponics
  • hydroponics hydroponics
  • hydroponics has the disadvantage that once pathogenic microorganisms invade the culture solution, it is difficult to control them, and they quickly spread throughout the cultivation system, causing extensive damage.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 In addition, in circulating hydroponics, there is also the problem that the compositional balance of the culture solution is disrupted as the crops grow, causing problems with the growth of the crops. This is because plants actively and selectively absorb water and nutrients according to environmental conditions, growth stages, and growth conditions (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).
  • the pH of the culture solution rises.
  • the pH of the culture solution suitable for hydroponics is 5.5 to 6.5. If the pH is outside this range, the nutrients in the culture solution will precipitate and will not be absorbed by plants. Normally, the pH and EC (electrical conductivity) of the culture solution are controlled, but once the compositional balance of the culture solution is lost, it cannot be restored.
  • allelopathy due to chemical substances exuding from plant roots is known. Allelopathic substances are believed to work primarily in controlling pests and diseases and competing with other plants. However, in circulatory hydroponics, if this allelopathic substance is accumulated in a high concentration in the culture solution, it is thought to cause a growth disorder called "autopoisoning" (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1, etc.).
  • solid media such as coco peat and rockwool are used to adsorb nutrients. These solid media have problems such as adhesion of pathogens and disposal after cultivation.
  • Patent Documents 3 to 7 the inventors of the present application have so far developed polyphenol iron complexes that can maintain iron in the state of divalent iron ions using reducing organic substances, used tea leaves, coffee grounds, etc.
  • This polyphenol iron complex is not only useful as a Fenton reaction catalyst or a divalent iron ion supplier, but also has a function as a photocatalyst that exhibits activity by absorbing light of a wide range of wavelengths including visible light (Patent Document 8). , 9).
  • JP 2020-10659 A Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2012-24012 Japanese Patent No. 5733781 Japanese Patent No. 5804454 Japanese Patent No. 6057227 Japanese Patent No. 6179957 Japanese Patent No. 6202770 Japanese Patent No. 6340657 Japanese Patent No. 6478209
  • the object of the present disclosure is to provide a low-cost, complete circulation hydroponics technology that enables control of disease and suppression of growth disorders due to allelopathic substances, and eliminates the need for pH adjustment.
  • the inventor of the present application investigated the development of a hydroponics culture solution that utilizes the bactericidal action, organic substance decomposing action, and bivalent iron ion supplying action of the polyphenol iron complex.
  • the inventor of the present application prepared a "plant extract trace element mixed liquid" by mixing various plant extracts and trace elements such as iron essential for the growth of plants, and used hydroponics of various plants. It was used for cultivation and extensively studied.
  • the inventor of the present application found that by using the plant extract trace element mixed liquid for hydroponics, disease control and self-poisoning control can be carried out at the same time. Then, when the plant extract trace element mixed solution is used for hydroponics, even if the pH of the culture solution changes due to an imbalance in the composition of the nutrient solution, it has been found that growth failure due to nutrient deficiency does not occur. rice field. Furthermore, it was found that this plant extract trace element mixed solution exhibited a remarkable antibacterial action compared to the polyphenol iron complex. Furthermore, the inventors of the present application have found that a "mushroom extract trace element mixture" obtained by mixing a mushroom extract and trace elements exhibits a remarkable antibacterial effect similar to the plant extract trace element mixture. . Based on these findings, the present disclosure was completed.
  • the present disclosure provides a hydroponics method characterized by adding a polyphenol-containing plant extract or mushroom extract to a culture solution.
  • the polyphenol-containing plant extract or mushroom extract when adding the polyphenol-containing plant extract or mushroom extract to the culture solution, the polyphenol-containing plant extract or mushroom extract and the trace elements are added. After mixing in the presence of water to obtain a plant extract trace element mixture or a mushroom extract trace element mixture, the plant extract trace element mixture or the mushroom extract trace element mixture is added to the culture medium. can be anything.
  • the culture solution may contain a complex of a polyphenol-containing plant or mushroom extract (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "plant or mushroom extract”) and the trace element.
  • plant or mushroom extract a polyphenol-containing plant or mushroom extract
  • the trace elements may contain at least boron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum and iron.
  • the polyphenol-containing plants include grapes, coffee trees, tea trees, cacao, acacia, cedar, pine, citrus fruits, herbs, Houttuynia cordata, marigolds, sugarcane, mangoes, bananas, papaya, avocados, apples, cherry peaches, guava, and olives. , tubers, persimmon, mulberry, blueberry, poplar, ginkgo, chrysanthemum, sunflower, bamboo, radish, mustard, eucalyptus, leaves, stems, roots, fruits, seeds, husks of one or more plants, It may be one or more parts of buds, flowers and rhizomes.
  • the mushroom is one selected from the group consisting of maitake, shiitake, enokitake, bunashimeji, honshimeji, nameko, oyster mushroom, mushroom, matsutake, and king oyster mushroom. It may be the above part.
  • the hydroponic cultivation method only plants belonging to the Asteraceae family or Labiatae family are cultivated, or Asteraceae or Labiatae plants are mixed with other plants, or Asteraceae plants and Labiatae plants are cultivated together. It may be a mixed planting cultivation.
  • the mixed planting culture may be one in which two or more types of plants are cultivated in different hydroponic cultivation zones, and the culture solution is circulated between these hydroponic cultivation zones.
  • the mixed planting cultivation may involve cultivating two or more types of plants in the same hydroponic cultivation area.
  • the "Asteraceae plant” includes chrysanthemum, aster, sunflower, calendula, chrysanthemum, marigold, cosmos, shion, dahlia, zinnia, marguerite, dimorphotheca, cornflower, borage thistle, burdock, safflower, artichoke, lettuce, and salad greens. It may be one or more plants selected from the above, and the "Lamiaceae plant” includes perilla, perilla, basil, mint, hyssop, rosemary, lavender, sage, marjoram, oregano, thyme, lemon balm, salvia, and purple shikibu. , ajuga, Chinese artichoke, and horsetail.
  • the hydroponic cultivation method may be one in which the culture solution is not exchanged, the pH of the culture solution is not adjusted, and a solid medium is not used.
  • the plant or mushroom extract is contained in the culture solution as a complex with trace elements, so that the compositional balance of the culture solution is lost. Even if the pH of the culture solution deviates from the optimum range, it can prevent trace elements from changing into a form that is not absorbed by plants and precipitating. rate can be improved. Therefore, even in full-circulation hydroponics, there is no need to adjust the pH of the culture solution, material loss can be prevented, and cost and labor savings in hydroponics can be achieved.
  • solid media such as coco peat and rock wool, which were conventionally required for some crops, are not required, so the problem of disposal of these and pathogenic microorganisms brought in attached to solid media. Problems can also be solved.
  • the polyphenol iron complex which is a reaction product between polyphenols contained in plant or mushroom extracts and iron (a type of trace element), has strong bactericidal action, organic substance decomposition action, and divalent iron supply action.
  • copper, zinc, molybdenum, and boric acid which are types of trace elements, also have antibacterial effects. Therefore, complexes of plant or mushroom extracts with trace elements exhibit a significant antibacterial effect compared to polyphenol iron complexes.
  • allelopathic substances exuded from plant roots are possible due to the organic substance decomposition action (oxidative decomposition action) of the polyphenol iron complex, so the present disclosure can prevent growth disorders due to self-poisoning.
  • FIG. 10 is a photographic image showing a state of bacterial wilt suppression test by mixed planting of Eustoma grandiflorum and aster using an acacia extract (Test Example 2). The left shows monocropping and the right shows mixed planting.
  • Fig. 10 is a photographic image showing a hydroponic cultivation test of salad greens using culture solutions with different concentrations of tea extract (Test Example 3).
  • Fig. 3 is a graph showing the effects of addition of tea extracts of different concentrations on the chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of salad greens (Test Example 3).
  • FIG. 1 is a photographic image showing mixed planting cultivation of chrysanthemums using an acacia extract (Example 1). It is a photograph image figure which shows the state of mixed planting cultivation of Eustoma grandiflorum and Aster using a tea extract (Example 2).
  • FIG. 10 is a photographic image showing the state of mixed planting cultivation of statice and cornflowers using a coffee extract (Example 3).
  • FIG. 4 is a photographic image showing hydroponics of Eustoma grandiflorum using a coffee extract (Example 4).
  • FIG. 10 is a photographic image showing the state of hydroponics of Cirsium borage using a tea extract (Example 5). It is a schematic diagram which shows the hydroponics apparatus of a lily (Example 6).
  • FIG. 10 is a photographic image showing the state of hydroponics of lilies using various plant extracts (Example 6). (Example 6) which is a figure explaining the measurement of the diameter of a lily flower.
  • Fig. 10 is a graph showing the effect of addition of various plant extracts on lily flowers (Example 6). In the figure, the vertical axis indicates flower diameter (cm), the horizontal axis indicates treatment plots, and the bar indicates standard deviation.
  • FIG. 10 is a photographic image showing the state of hydroponics of Cirsium borage using a tea extract (Example 5). It is a schematic diagram which shows the hydroponics apparatus of a lily (Example 6).
  • FIG. 10 is a photographic image showing
  • FIG. 10 is a photographic image showing the state of hydroponics of paprika using chrysanthemum extract, bamboo extract and grape extract (Example 7).
  • FIG. 10 is a photographic image showing the appearance of paprika fruits produced by hydroponics using a plant extract (Example 7).
  • FIG. 10 is a photographic image showing the state of hydroponic culture of strawberries using banana extract and sweet potato extract (Example 8). It is a schematic diagram which shows the hydroponics apparatus of a strawberry (Example 9).
  • Fig. 10 is a photographic image showing the state of hydroponic cultivation of strawberries using various plant extracts (79 days after planting) (Example 9). The top shows the control plot, and the bottom shows the cedar extract addition plot.
  • FIG. 10 is a photographic image showing the state of mixed planting cultivation of daikon radish and dimorphotheca (Asteraceae plant) using a cedar extract (Example 10).
  • Fig. 10 is a graph showing the effect of adding a cedar extract on the yield of radish for 20 days (Example 10).
  • the vertical axis represents the yield of daikon radish (fresh weight (g))
  • the horizontal axis represents the treated plots
  • the bar represents the standard deviation
  • different letters indicate significant differences at a significance level of 5%.
  • FIG. 10 is a photographic image showing the state of mixed planting cultivation of 20-day radish and lettuce using various plant extracts (30 days after seeding) (Example 11). It is a graph which shows the influence on the yield of radish for 20 days by addition of various plant extracts (Example 11). In the figure, (a) shows the result of red 20-day radish, and (b) shows the result of white 20-day radish.
  • FIG. 10 is a photographic image showing hydroponic culture of perilla using rosemary extract and oregano extract (21 days after planting) (Example 12).
  • (a) represents the control plot
  • (c) the rosemary extract plot respectively.
  • Fig. 10 is a graph showing the effect of the addition of rosemary extract and oregano extract on perilla growth (Example 12).
  • FIG. 13 is a photographic image showing the state of mixed planting cultivation of perilla and spinach using a rosemary extract and an oregano extract (Example 13).
  • (a) represents the control plot
  • (c) the rosemary extract plot respectively.
  • Fig. 13 is a graph showing the effect of the addition of rosemary extract and oregano extract on the growth of perilla and spinach (21 days after planting) (Example 13).
  • FIG. 1 shows the measurement results of the plant height of perilla
  • (b) shows the measurement results of the chlorophyll content of spinach leaves.
  • the vertical axis is the plant height (cm)
  • the horizontal axis is the treatment area
  • the bar indicates the standard deviation
  • the vertical axis is the leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD value)
  • the horizontal axis is the treatment plot
  • the bar indicates the standard deviation
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for evaluating the antibacterial effect of various plant extract trace element complexes (Test Example 4).
  • FIG. 2 is a photographic image showing the antibacterial effect of various plant extract trace element complexes (Test Example 4).
  • (a) is the control group
  • (b) is the acacia extract trace element complex group
  • (c) is the grape extract trace element complex group
  • (d) is the poplar extract trace element complex group
  • (e) is the lemon balm extract A trace element complex group
  • FIG. 2 is a photographic image showing the antibacterial effect of various plant extract trace element complexes (Test Example 4).
  • FIG. 2 is a photographic image showing the antibacterial effect of various plant extract trace element complexes (Test Example 4).
  • FIG. 2 is a photographic image showing the antibacterial effect of various plant extract trace element complexes (Test Example 4).
  • FIG. 2 is a photographic image showing the antibacterial effect of various plant extract trace element complexes (Test Example 4).
  • FIG. 2 is a photographic image showing the antibacterial effect of various plant extract trace element complexes (Test Example 4).
  • FIG. 2 is a photographic image showing the antibacterial effect of various plant extract trace element complexes (Test Example 4).
  • (o') indicates a tea extract trace element complex group, and
  • (p') indicates a sugarcane extract trace element complex group, respectively.
  • Fig. 2 is a photographic image showing the antibacterial effect of chrysanthemum root and polyphenol iron complex (Test Example 5).
  • FIG. 10 is a photographic image showing a state of mixed planting cultivation of basil and lettuce using an oregano extract (Example 14).
  • 14 is a graph showing the effect of addition of oregano extract on the yield of (a) basil and (b) lettuce (Example 14).
  • the vertical axis indicates the fresh weight (g) per strain
  • the horizontal axis indicates the treated plot
  • the bar indicates the standard deviation
  • FIG. 10 is a photographic image showing a state of mixed planting cultivation of basil and parsley using an oregano extract (Example 14).
  • FIG. 14 is a graph showing the effect of addition of oregano extract on the yield of (a) basil and (b) parsley (Example 14).
  • Fig. 10 is a photographic image showing the state of mixed planting cultivation of 20-day radish and oregano using a rosemary extract (Example 15).
  • Fig. 10 is a graph showing the effect of addition of rosemary extract on the yield of (a) daikon radish and (b) oregano (Example 15).
  • Fig. 10 is a photographic image showing a state of mixed planting cultivation of 20-day radish and rosemary using a rosemary extract (Example 15). It is a graph which shows the influence of the addition of a rosemary extract on the yield of (a) daikon radish and (b) rosemary (Example 15).
  • FIG. 10 is a photographic image showing the state of mixed planting cultivation of Japanese radish and lemon balm using a rosemary extract (Example 15). It is a graph which shows the influence of the addition of a rosemary extract on the yield of (a) daikon radish and (b) lemon balm (Example 15).
  • FIG. 10 is a photographic image showing the state of mixed planting of 20-day radish and mojito mint using a thyme extract (Example 15).
  • 15 is a graph showing the effect of addition of thyme extract on yield of (a) 20-day radish and (b) mojito mint (Example 15).
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram (cross-sectional view) showing a hydroponic cultivation apparatus for tomato and basil or chrysanthemum (Example 16).
  • Example 16 shows a tomato single cultivation area
  • (b) shows a tomato/basil mixed planting cultivation area
  • (c) shows a tomato/chrysanthemum mixed cultivation area.
  • Example 16 shows a tomato single cultivation area
  • (b) shows a tomato/basil mixed planting cultivation area
  • (c) shows a tomato/chrysanthemum mixed cultivation area.
  • Fig. 16 is a photographic image showing the state of mixed planting cultivation of tomato and basil or chrysanthemum (52nd day after planting) and the effect on the density of various bacteria in the culture solution (Example 16).
  • FIG. 10 is a graph showing the effects of mixed planting with basil or chrysanthemum on (a) total fresh weight and (b) fruit yield of tomatoes (Example 16).
  • the vertical axis is the total fresh weight (kg / stock)
  • the horizontal axis is the treated area
  • the bar indicates the standard deviation
  • FIG. 10 is a photographic image showing the antibacterial effect of various plant extract trace element complexes (Test Example 9).
  • (a) is the control group (no plant extract added)
  • (b) is the lily extract trace element complex group
  • (c) is the apple mint extract trace element complex group
  • (d) is the basil extract trace element complex group.
  • (e) shows the aromaticus extract trace element complex group
  • (f) shows the loquat extract trace element complex group, respectively.
  • FIG. 10 is a photographic image showing the antibacterial effect of various plant extract trace element complexes (Test Example 9).
  • (g) is the Houttuynia cordata extract trace element complex group
  • (h) is the eggplant extract trace element complex group
  • (i) is the hibiscus extract trace element complex group
  • (k) is the tomato extract trace element complex group
  • (m ) indicates the chili pepper extract trace element complex group
  • (n) indicates the cassava extract trace element complex group, respectively.
  • FIG. 10 is a photographic image showing the antibacterial effect of various plant extract trace element complexes (Test Example 9).
  • FIG. 10 is a photographic image showing the antibacterial effect of various plant extract trace element complexes (Test Example 9).
  • (u) is pink pepper extract trace element complex
  • (v) is plum extract trace element complex
  • (w) is rhubarb extract trace element complex
  • (x) is arugula extract trace element complex
  • ( y) indicates the rose extract trace element complex plot
  • (z) indicates the pennyroyal mint extract trace element complex plot, respectively.
  • FIG. 10 is a photographic image showing the antibacterial effect of various plant extract trace element complexes (Test Example 9).
  • (a′) is a cherry extract trace element complex
  • (b′) is a soybean extract trace element complex
  • (c′) is a chive leaf extract trace element complex
  • (d′) is a horsetail extract trace element The complex group, (e') the acnebi extract trace element complex group, and (f') the thyme extract trace element complex group, respectively.
  • FIG. 10 is a photographic image showing the antibacterial effect of various plant extract trace element complexes (Test Example 9).
  • FIG. 10 is a photographic image showing the antibacterial effect of various plant extract trace element complexes (Test Example 9).
  • FIG. 10 is a photographic image showing the antibacterial effect of mixing various plant extracts and trace elements (Test Example 10).
  • (a) shows fleabane
  • FIG. 10 is a photographic image showing the antibacterial effect of mixing various plant extracts and trace elements (Test Example 10).
  • FIG. 10 is a photographic image showing the antibacterial effect of mixing various plant extracts and trace elements (Test Example 10).
  • FIG. 10 is a photographic image showing the antibacterial effect of mixing various plant extracts and trace elements (Test Example 10).
  • plant extract from cod sprouts, trace elements and their reaction products plant extract trace element complex
  • FIG. 10 is a photographic image showing the antibacterial effect of mixing various plant extracts and trace elements (Test Example 10).
  • FIG. 2 is a photographic image showing the antibacterial effect of a mushroom extract trace element complex (Test Example 11).
  • (a) shows a control group (no mushroom extract added),
  • (b) shows a maitake mushroom extract trace element complex group, and
  • (c) shows a shiitake extract trace element complex group, respectively.
  • the hydroponic cultivation method of this embodiment will be described in detail below.
  • the hydroponic cultivation method according to the present embodiment is a hydroponic cultivation method in which a polyphenol-containing plant body or mushroom extract is added to a culture solution.
  • a "polyphenol-containing plant” can be a plant containing polyphenols or a processed product thereof.
  • the "plant body” includes one or more parts selected from fruits, seeds, stems, leaves, outer skins, buds, flowers, roots, and rhizomes of plant bodies.
  • polyphenol-containing plants include herbs (lavender, mint, coriander, cumin, sage, lemongrass, mugwort, comfrey, perilla, lemon balm, oregano, catnip, common thyme, dill, dark opal, basil, hyssop, peppermint, lamb's ear, etc.), houttuynia cordata, marigold, grapes, coffee (coffee tree), tea (tea), cacao, acacia, cedar, pine, sugar cane, mango, banana, papaya, avocado, apple, cherry (cherry), Guava, olive, potatoes (sweet potato, purple potato (sweet potato containing a lot of purple pigment), potato, yam, taro (taro, shrimp, etc.), konjac potato, etc.), persimmon, mulberry, blueberry, poplar, ginkgo biloba , chrysanthemum, sunflower, bamboo, citrus fruits (lemon,
  • grapes coffee (coffee tree), tea (tea), cocoa, acacia, cedar, pine, citrus fruits, herbs (lavender, mint, coriander, cumin, sage, perilla, lemongrass, mugwort, comfrey, lemon balm, oregano , catnip, common thyme, dill, dark opal, basil, hyssop, peppermint, lamb's ear, etc.), Houttuynia cordata, marigold, sugar cane, mango, banana, papaya, avocado, apple, cherry, guava, olive, potatoes ( Sweet potato, purple potato (sweet potato containing a lot of purple pigment), potato, yam, taro (taro, shrimp, etc.), konjac potato, etc.), persimmon, mulberry, blueberry, poplar, ginkgo, chrysanthemum, sunflower, bamboo, Radish, mustard and eucalyptus are preferably
  • the "processed product" of the polyphenol-containing plant is not particularly limited. Specific examples include tea leaves, roasted coffee beans, pulverized coffee beans, and the like.
  • “processed products” include extraction residues and pomace of polyphenol-containing plant bodies. Specifically, so-called coffee grounds, used tea leaves, wine grounds and the like can be mentioned. These are suitable as raw materials for extraction of polyphenols, since they are rich in polyphenols and the cost of raw materials can be kept low because they are waste products.
  • any stems and leaves of the tea tree can be used.
  • Specific examples include green tea (sencha, hereha, stem tea, hojicha, etc.), blue tea (oolong tea, etc.), black tea, black tea (pu-erh tea, etc.), and the like.
  • green tea, black tea, and oolong tea are preferable.
  • the above polyphenol-containing plant bodies may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • muscle generally refers to fungi that form a fruiting body and produce spores on the fruiting body.
  • the majority of mushrooms belong to the phylum Basidiomycota or Ascomycota.
  • “mushrooms” can be those containing polyphenols.
  • edible mushrooms include maitake, shiitake, enokitake, bunashimeji, honshimeji, nameko, oyster mushroom, mushroom, matsutake, king oyster mushroom, aitake, morel mushroom, amitake, cloud ear fungus, Arctic japonicus, foxtail mushroom, abalone mushroom, chanterelle, and potato mushroom.
  • maitake, shiitake, enokitake, bunashimeji, honshimeji, nameko, oyster mushroom, mushroom, matsutake, and king oyster mushroom are preferably used.
  • the above mushrooms may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • extract of the polyphenol-containing plant or mushroom
  • use an extract obtained by extracting the polyphenol-containing plant or mushroom with an appropriate extraction solvent, an extract, or a dried or purified product thereof. can be done.
  • extracts since they contain components equivalent to extracts, polyphenol-containing plant bodies or mushroom juices, their concentrates, dried products, purified products, etc. are also included in "extracts.”
  • “Dried matter” is preferably one that has undergone processing such as crushing, pulverization, or powderization. Further, from the viewpoint of reaction efficiency with trace elements, a powder having a small particle size is preferable.
  • polyphenols is a general term for phenolic molecules having multiple hydroxy groups. It is a compound contained in most plants, and various types such as flavonoids and phenolic acids are known.
  • Examples of specific compounds include catechins (epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, etc.), tannic acid, tannin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, neochlorogenic acid, cyanidin, proanthocyanidins, Thearubigin, rutin, flavonoids (quercitrin, anthocyanin, flavanones, flavanols, flavonols, isoflavones, etc.), flavones, chalcones (naringenin chalcone, etc.), xanthophyll, carnosic acid, eriocitrin, nobiletin, tangeretin, magnolol, honokiol, ellagic acid, Lignans, curcumin, coumarin, catechol, procyanidins, theaflavin, rosmarinic acid, xanthone, quercetin, resver
  • Polyphenols in the present embodiment may be one of the above, or may be a composition consisting of two or more.
  • polyphenol compositions extracted from a certain plant are sometimes called polyphenols with the name of the plant.
  • polyphenols extracted from grapes are called grape polyphenols.
  • culture solution Commercially available liquid fertilizer for hydroponics can be diluted as appropriate according to the type of crop.
  • a culture solution contains macroelements and microelements as nutrients necessary for the growth of crops.
  • Race elements include, for example, boron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, and iron. In particular, among these, those containing at least iron are preferred, a combination of two or more types containing iron is more preferred, and those containing all of these are even more preferred.
  • the culture solution may also contain complexes of trace elements and organic acids and sugars contained in the polyphenol-containing plant body or mushroom extract. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the "plant or mushroom extract trace element complex" includes not only polyphenols but also complexes of all compounds contained in plant or mushroom extracts and trace elements.
  • complexes between polyphenols and the trace elements include polyphenol iron complexes, polyphenol boron complexes, polyphenol manganese complexes, polyphenol zinc complexes, polyphenol copper complexes, and polyphenol molybdenum complexes.
  • the "polyphenol iron complex” is a reaction product obtained by mixing polyphenols or their feedstocks with iron feedstocks in the presence of water, which are described in Patent Documents 3 to 9 above. It is formed by divalent iron ions (Fe 2+ ) forming a complex structure with polyphenols.
  • This polyphenol iron complex functions as a Fenton reaction catalyst or a visible light-responsive photocatalyst, and has excellent bactericidal action, organic substance decomposition action, and divalent iron ion supply action.
  • the method of adding the extract of the polyphenol-containing plant or mushroom to the culture solution includes extracting the polyphenol-containing plant or mushroom into the culture solution in which the plant roots are immersed.
  • a method of directly adding a substance is exemplified.
  • the polyphenol-containing plant or mushroom extract and the trace elements are mixed in the presence of water in advance to obtain a "plant or mushroom extract trace element mixture", and then the a method of adding a plant or mushroom extract trace element mixture to the culture medium.
  • polyphenols such as tannins are known to cause physiological disorders in plants (e.g., inhibition of root elongation). Therefore, in this embodiment as well, the addition of a polyphenol-containing plant body or mushroom extract to the culture solution may cause physiological disorders in the plant.
  • the latter method can be added to the culture solution after saturating the polyphenols by reacting the polyphenols and trace elements in advance to form a complex (that is, the polyphenol-containing plant or mushroom and the trace elements in the presence of water to obtain a plant or mushroom extract trace element mixture, and then adding the plant or mushroom extract trace element mixture to the culture medium. ) is preferably employed.
  • the polyphenol-containing plant body or mushroom extract may be added directly to the culture solution.
  • the step of preparing a "plant or mushroom extract trace element mixture” can be performed by mixing the polyphenol-containing plant or mushroom extract and the trace elements in the presence of water.
  • the "trace element" to be mixed with the polyphenol-containing plant or mushroom extract is at least one selected from boron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum and iron, preferably two or more including iron. It is acceptable as long as it contains. Since these trace elements are contained in a composition suitable for the growth of crops, commercially available liquid fertilizers for hydroponics can be suitably used.
  • the mixing ratio of the extract of the polyphenol-containing plant or mushroom and the trace element is the weight of each element constituting the trace element with respect to 100 parts by weight of the dry weight of the polyphenol-containing plant or mushroom used as the raw material for extraction. can be calculated as a conversion ratio.
  • the weight of the dried tea leaves may be used as the "dry weight of the polyphenol-containing plant or mushroom" to calculate the mixing ratio with the trace elements.
  • a desirable weight conversion ratio of each element constituting the trace elements to 100 parts by weight of the dry weight of the polyphenol-containing plant or mushroom can be, for example, as follows.
  • - Iron 0.1 to 1000 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 800 parts by weight, more preferably 4 to 500 parts by weight, still more preferably 10 to 300 parts by weight, especially Preferably 20 parts by weight or more and 100 parts by weight or less.
  • Boron 0.01 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 80 parts by weight, more preferably 0.4 to 50 parts by weight, still more preferably 1 to 30 parts by weight Department and below.
  • Manganese 0.01 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 80 parts by weight, more preferably 0.4 to 50 parts by weight, still more preferably 1 to 30 parts by weight Department and below.
  • - Zinc 0.001 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.01 to 8 parts by weight, more preferably 0.04 to 5 parts by weight, still more preferably 0.1 parts by weight or more 3 parts by weight or less.
  • - Copper 0.0002 to 2 parts by weight, preferably 0.002 to 1.6 parts by weight, more preferably 0.008 to 1 part by weight, still more preferably 0.02 parts by weight parts or more and 0.6 parts by weight or less.
  • Molybdenum 0.00004 to 0.4 parts by weight, preferably 0.0005 to 0.3 parts by weight, more preferably 0.0016 to 0.2 parts by weight, still more preferably 0.004 parts by weight or more and 0.12 parts by weight or less.
  • the excess polyphenols are radical scavenging. Since it functions as a substance (scavenger), it may inhibit the Fenton reaction and photocatalytic reaction by the polyphenol iron complex.
  • the trace elements are added to the plant roots. It is not preferable because it cannot be maintained in an easily absorbed state.
  • the mixing ratio of the polyphenol-containing plant or mushroom extract and the trace elements described above can also be applied when the polyphenol-containing plant or mushroom extract is directly added to the culture solution.
  • the mixing operation of the polyphenol-containing plant body or mushroom extract and the trace element is performed in the presence of water.
  • the presence of water means that the polyphenol-containing plant body or mushroom extract and the trace element can react with each other using water as a medium.
  • the reaction is presumed to be a reaction in which the polyphenol-containing plant or mushroom extract forms a complex with the trace elements.
  • the amount of water may be any amount that allows at least the above-mentioned polyphenol-containing plant or mushroom extract and the trace element to be mixed and stirred, and the above-mentioned polyphenol-containing plant or mushroom extract and the trace element may be mixed.
  • the amount may be such that the mixture with is moistened.
  • polyphenol-containing plant or mushroom extract when using a plant or mushroom juice or extract as a liquid, or when using a liquid fertilizer or an aqueous solution as the trace element, a new Both can be directly mixed and reacted without adding a medium.
  • simple stirring and mixing with a stirrer, etc. can be performed, but it can also be performed with a mixer, large stirring tank, vortex, shaker, etc.
  • the temperature of the water during mixing should be the temperature at which the water is in a liquid state (for example, 1 to 100°C at 1 atm). It is possible to adopt room temperature (for example, 10 to 35 ° C.) that does not require heating. It is suitable because it facilitates the formation of trace element complexes.
  • the upper limit of the temperature of water during mixing can be 200 ° C. (in the case of pressurized heating), but from the viewpoint of production costs, the boiling point of normal heating under normal pressure conditions is 100 ° C. or less, preferably 90 ° C. °C or below, more preferably 70°C or below.
  • the reaction conditions of 100° C. or higher it is preferable to carry out the reaction in a closed vessel in order to suppress thermal decomposition of the plant or mushroom extract.
  • the mixing time may be about 10 seconds or more until the plant or mushroom extract and trace elements are sufficiently in contact, but in order to improve uniformity, it is preferably 1 minute or more, more preferably 3 minutes or more. It is desirable to perform the mixing treatment for 5 minutes or more, more preferably.
  • the upper limit of the mixing time is 10 days or less, preferably 7 days or less, more preferably 5 days or less, even more preferably 3 days or less, and particularly preferably 1 day, in order to prevent organic matter from spoiling due to propagation of microorganisms. It is desirable to perform within However, there is no particular upper limit when sterilization is involved.
  • the reaction product obtained through the above mixing treatment (the reaction product of the plant or mushroom extract and trace elements) has excellent bivalent iron supply activity, Fenton reaction catalytic activity, and photocatalytic activity. It is speculated that the reaction product forms a plant or mushroom extract trace element complex containing a polyphenol iron complex.
  • the "plant or mushroom extract trace element mixture” in the present embodiment can be prepared by the above-described mixing process.
  • the supernatant or precipitate obtained by centrifuging the mixed product, the dried product obtained by concentrating and drying them, the suspension obtained by further dissolving the dried product in water, the supernatant, etc. can also be used as the "plant or mushroom extract trace element mixture" in the present embodiment.
  • the polyphenol-containing plant or mushroom extract is added by adding the "plant or mushroom extract trace element mixture" thus obtained to the culture solution.
  • the plant or mushroom extract trace element mixed solution may be added to a culture solution tank, a cultivation container, or a pipe connecting them.
  • the timing of addition of the plant or mushroom extract trace element mixture it is desirable to add it at the start of cultivation and then periodically at intervals of 1 to 3 weeks.
  • the amount and concentration of the plant or mushroom extract trace element mixed liquid to be added are the same as additional fertilization in conventional hydroponics and soil culture, and the addition amount and concentration of trace elements according to the type and growth stage of the crop. It should be adjusted accordingly.
  • changes in the fertilizer utilization rate of plants can be roughly divided into patterns such as the start dash type, constant type, and last spurt type as shown in Figure 1.
  • Many of the constant-type crops are leafy vegetables, and many of the last-spurt crops are flowers and fruit vegetables.
  • the amount of polyphenolic microelement mixture added to the broth can be adjusted to achieve the best yield.
  • the powerful bactericidal action of the plant or mushroom extract trace element complex makes it possible to sterilize pathogenic microorganisms in the culture medium.
  • the bactericidal action suppresses the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and prevents the damage from spreading to the entire hydroponics system. Therefore, it is possible to stably produce crops even in a simple greenhouse, and sterilization using ultraviolet rays, ozone, chemicals, or the like is unnecessary.
  • allelopathic substances is possible due to the organic substance-decomposing action of the polyphenol-iron complex, so growth disorders due to self-poisoning can also be prevented.
  • the present embodiment in order to spread the plant or mushroom extract trace element complex in the culture solution and obtain a high sterilization effect, it is possible to generate a water flow in the culture solution and perform cultivation while stirring.
  • means for generating or agitating the water flow include circulating the culture solution in the cultivation system using a pump, and generating a water flow by supplying air or oxygen to the culture solution tank using an air pump. but not limited to these.
  • vegetables such as leafy stem vegetables, fruit vegetables, and root vegetables, and crops such as flowers and grains are suitable.
  • the inventor of the present application found that hydrogen peroxide is abundantly contained in the roots of Asteraceae and Labiatae plants, and hydrogen peroxide exudes from the roots. Since hydrogen peroxide is necessary for the Fenton reaction by the polyphenol iron complex, by cultivating plants of the Asteraceae or Labiatae family in this embodiment, the Fenton reaction is promoted, and disease control and decomposition/removal of allelopathic substances are achieved. It is thought that such an effect can be further enhanced.
  • a plant of the family Asteraceae or Labiatae is used alone, or a plant of the family Asteraceae or Labiatae is mixed with other plants, or a plant of the family Asteraceae and a plant of the Labiatae family is planted together. Mixed planting is recommended.
  • the "Asteraceae plant” is not particularly limited, but examples include chrysanthemum, aster, sunflower, calendula, chrysanthemum, marigold, cosmos, shion, dahlia, zinnia, marguerite, dimorphotheca, cornflower, borage thistle, and burdock. , safflower, artichoke, lettuce, and salad greens.
  • Lamiaceae plant is not particularly limited, but examples include perilla, perilla, basil, mint, hyssop, rosemary, lavender, sage, marjoram, oregano, thyme, lemon balm, salvia, purple kiwi, ajuga, Chinese artichoke, and horsetail. is mentioned.
  • a plant and one or more Labiatae plants may be cultivated in mixed planting.
  • mixed planting cultivation may be performed, and one or more kinds of Asteraceae plants, one or more kinds of Labiatae plants, and one or more kinds of plants other than Asteraceae and Labiatae may be mixed.
  • hydroponic cultivation area refers to an area where plants are hydroponically cultivated. For example, it is an area partitioned by a water tank, a container, or the like.
  • Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of mixed planting cultivation of plants belonging to the Asteraceae family or Labiatae family and other plants.
  • the hydroponic cultivation system 1 is mainly composed of cultivation beds or houses A to E and pipes 21 and 22 .
  • FIG. 2 a configuration in which a plurality of cultivation beds are connected in one greenhouse to form a hydroponic cultivation system 1 and a configuration in which a plurality of greenhouses are connected to form a large-scale hydroponic cultivation system 1. Both are included in the present embodiment.
  • the cultivation beds or houses A to E are connected in parallel by pipes 21 and 22.
  • the pipes 21 and 22 circulate the culture solution within the hydroponics system 1 .
  • lines indicate the pipes 21 and 22, and arrows indicate the flow direction of the culture solution.
  • the culture solution that has flowed out of the cultivation bed or house E is flowed into the cultivation beds or houses A to D through the pipe 21 by the power of the pump P1.
  • the culture solution that has flowed into the cultivation beds or houses A, B, C, and D is supplied to the respective cultivated crops, and then is again cultivated through the pipe 22 by the power of downstream pumps P2, P3, P4, and P5. Returned to bed or house E.
  • valves 31, 32, 33, and 34 are provided upstream of the cultivation beds or houses A, B, C, and D, respectively, for adjusting the inflow of the culture solution.
  • the hydroponic cultivation system 1 of FIG. 2 when cultivating plants of the family Asteraceae or Labiatae in the cultivation bed or house E, hydrogen peroxide secreted from the roots of the plants of the family Asteraceae or Labiatae is supplied via the pipe 21. It flows into the cultivation beds or houses A to D and reacts with the polyphenol iron complex to cause the Fenton reaction. In this way, it is possible to obtain strong bactericidal effects and organic substance decomposition effects by the Fenton reaction in all cultivation beds or greenhouses.
  • the culture solution also contains plant or mushroom extract trace element complexes that have bactericidal action, and these also work to control diseases in the entire hydroponic cultivation system 1 .
  • valves 32, 33, 34 are closed, and only the cultivation bed or the house A is supplied with the plant or mushroom extract trace element complex and Allow the medium containing hydrogen peroxide to flow through.
  • sterilization and decomposition/removal of organic substances can be performed intensively in the cultivation bed or house A.
  • the culture solution is circulated through the pipes 21 and 22, so that the chrysanthemum Hydrogen peroxide secreted by plants of the family or Lamiaceae is supplied to all cultivation beds or houses. Therefore, in the hydroponic cultivation system 1 as a whole, it is possible to obtain a strong bactericidal effect and an organic substance decomposition effect by the plant or mushroom extract trace element complex.
  • mixed planting for example, as shown in FIG. 3, two or more types of plants are cultivated in the same hydroponic cultivation area, and the culture solution is circulated in this hydroponic cultivation area. There is a way.
  • Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of mixed planting cultivation of Asteraceae or Labiatae plants and other plants.
  • the hydroponic cultivation system 1 is mainly composed of a cultivation bed 4 and pipes 2 .
  • the pipes 2 are connected downstream and upstream of the cultivation bed 4 and circulate the culture solution within the hydroponic cultivation system 1 .
  • lines indicate the pipe 2, and arrows indicate the flow direction of the culture solution.
  • Plants belonging to the Asteraceae family or Labiatae family are hydroponically cultivated in at least one of the sections A to E in the cultivation bed 4 .
  • hydroponically cultivated crops selected from among plants other than Asteraceae and Labiatae (root vegetables, leafy vegetables, fruit vegetables, flowers, etc.).
  • the pump P is provided on the pipe 2 and circulates the culture solution in the direction of the arrow.
  • the culture solution discharged from the downstream of the cultivation bed 4 is returned to the upstream of the cultivation bed 4 through the pipe 2 by the power of the pump P.
  • the culture solution that has flowed from the upstream of the cultivation bed 4 is supplied to the cultivated crops in the sections A to E, and then discharged from the downstream again.
  • the hydroponic cultivation system 1 of FIG. 3 hydrogen peroxide secreted from the roots of plants belonging to the family Asteraceae or Labiatae circulates in the hydroponic cultivation system 1 along with the flow of the culture solution.
  • the polyphenol iron complex in the culture solution reacts with hydrogen peroxide to cause the Fenton reaction, and the Fenton reaction produces a strong bactericidal effect and an organic substance decomposition effect. It becomes possible.
  • the culture solution also contains plant or mushroom extract trace element complexes that have bactericidal action, and these also work to control diseases in the entire hydroponic cultivation system 1 .
  • the entire system has a strong bactericidal action and an organic substance decomposition action. You can get the effect of
  • the hydroponically cultivated chrysanthemums and perillas were pulled out together with their stumps, and the hydrogen peroxide concentration in the water adhering to the surface of the roots was measured using a hydrogen peroxide test paper (manufactured by Merck). As a result, 30 mg/L or more of hydrogen peroxide was detected in chrysanthemum and 100 mg/L or more in perilla.
  • Plants containing polyphenols include acacia leaves and stems, tea leaves (green tea), coffee grounds, coffee tree leaves and stems, chrysanthemum flowers, bamboo shoot skins, and grape lees (extracted during the wine manufacturing process). pomace), banana fruit (with the pericarp removed), sweet potato leaves and stems, and cedar leaves and stems.
  • the plant extract trace element mixed solution contains a polyphenol iron complex in which iron ions derived from iron sulfate (II) are chelated in the state of Fe 2+ by polyphenols extracted from various polyphenol-containing plant bodies. It is considered that In addition, it is considered that complexes between the plant extract and trace elements other than iron are also contained in the plant extract trace element mixture.
  • Test Example 2 Prevention of bacterial wilt disease by mixed planting with Asteraceae plants The effect of suppressing bacterial wilt disease by mixed planting of Eustoma (Genianaceae) and Aster (Asteraceae) using an acacia extract was verified.
  • the bacterial wilt fungus solution was added to a commercially available liquid fertilizer for hydroponics (“OAT House” A formulation, manufactured by OAT Agrio) so that the bacterial density was 1 ⁇ 10 3 cfu/mL to obtain a culture solution. .
  • OAT House A formulation, manufactured by OAT Agrio
  • the following two treatment plots were established.
  • the addition of the acacia extract in the mixed planting treatment area was performed as follows. At intervals of 2 weeks after planting and before flower differentiation, 50 mL of the plant extract trace element mixture (undiluted solution) prepared using the acacia extract in Preparation Example 1 was added to 50 L of the culture solution (1000-fold dilution).
  • the culture solution is unidirectionally flowed from the culture solution tank to the cultivation bed by a pump, and then returned to the culture solution tank again.
  • the float system automatically replenished water without using electric power, and maintained the volume of the culture solution at 50L.
  • FIG. 4 is a photographic image diagram showing the states of monocropping (left) and mixed planting (right).
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of the bacterial wilt control test. In FIG. 5, the vertical axis indicates the number of dead plants, the horizontal axis indicates the number of days from the start of cultivation, .tangle-solidup.
  • the culture solution can be changed, and sterilization by chemicals, ozone, ultraviolet rays, etc. can be performed. It was shown that crops can be protected from disease even without Hydrogen peroxide secreted from the roots of Asteraceae plants and the polyphenol iron complex contained in the culture solution cause a Fenton reaction, and the generated hydroxyl radicals exert a strong bactericidal effect.
  • the culture medium contains a plant extract trace element complex having an antibacterial action. It is considered that the synergistic effect of these plant extract trace element complexes sterilizes or inhibits growth of pathogenic microorganisms such as R. solanacearum.
  • the salad greens in the culture solution to which the tea extract was added showed good growth, but the salad greens in the control group showed poor growth, which was thought to be caused by trace element deficiency.
  • the higher the amount of tea leaves used the higher the leaf SPAD value.
  • the leaf SPAD value of the salad greens in the control group was lower than that in the tea extract addition group (Fig. 7).
  • Example 1 Mixed planting of chrysanthemums using an acacia extract As shown in FIG. cultivated hydroponically.
  • a commercially available liquid fertilizer for hydroponics (“OAT House” A formula, manufactured by OAT Agrio) was used as the culture medium. Addition of the acacia extract to the culture medium was performed as follows.
  • the culture solution was flowed in one direction from the culture solution tank to the cultivation bed by a pump, and then returned to the culture solution tank again.
  • No solid medium such as rockwool was used, and pH and EC of the culture solution were not controlled.
  • the float system automatically replenished water without using electric power, and the culture solution volume was maintained at 100L.
  • Example 2 Mixed planting of Eustoma and Aster using tea extract As shown in FIG. Hydroponics was performed by adding tea extract. A commercially available liquid fertilizer for hydroponics ("OAT House” A formula, manufactured by OAT Agrio) was used as the culture solution. Addition of the tea extract to the culture medium was performed as follows.
  • the culture solution was flowed in one direction from the culture solution tank to the cultivation bed by a pump, and then returned to the culture solution tank again.
  • No solid medium such as rockwool was used, and pH and EC of the culture solution were not controlled.
  • the float system automatically replenished water without using electric power, and the culture solution volume was maintained at 100L.
  • Example 3 Mixed planting of statice and cornflowers using coffee extract As shown in FIG. Hydroponics was performed by adding coffee extract.
  • a commercially available liquid fertilizer for hydroponics (“OAT House” A formula, manufactured by OAT Agrio) was used as the culture medium. Addition of the coffee extract to the culture solution was performed as follows.
  • the culture solution was flowed in one direction from the culture solution tank to the cultivation bed by a pump, and then returned to the culture solution tank again.
  • No solid medium such as rockwool was used, and pH and EC of the culture solution were not controlled.
  • the float system automatically replenished water without using electric power, and the culture solution volume was maintained at 100L.
  • Example 4 Hydroponics of Eustoma grandiflorum using coffee extract As shown in FIG. cultivated. A commercially available liquid fertilizer for hydroponics ("OAT House” A formula, manufactured by OAT Agrio) was used as the culture medium. Addition of the coffee extract to the culture solution was performed as follows.
  • hydroponics was performed in the same manner as above, except that a commercially available liquid fertilizer for hydroponics was used instead of the plant extract trace element mixed solution.
  • the culture solution is unidirectionally flowed from the culture solution tank to the cultivation bed by a pump, and then returned to the culture solution tank again.
  • the float system automatically replenished water without using electric power, and the culture solution volume was maintained at 100L.
  • Eustoma to which coffee extract was added grew healthily and produced high-quality cut flowers.
  • Eustoma grandiflorum showed physiological disorders in the leaves, which were considered to be due to trace element deficiency, and the growth was poor (Fig. 11).
  • the coffee extract By adding the coffee extract to the culture medium, the microelements are chelated, so that symptoms of deficiency of the microelements do not occur even without pH control, and an antibacterial effect is obtained.
  • a trace amount of biogenic hydrogen peroxide is generated in the culture solution. occurs, and disease control and self-poisoning can be suppressed.
  • Example 5 Hydroponics of Cirsium citrus using tea extract As shown in FIG. cultivated.
  • a commercially available liquid fertilizer for hydroponics (“OAT House” A formulation, manufactured by OAT Agrio) was used as the culture medium, and the tea extract was added to the culture medium as follows.
  • hydroponics was performed in the same manner as above, except that a commercially available liquid fertilizer for hydroponics was used instead of the plant extract trace element mixed solution.
  • Example 6 Hydroponics of lilies using extracts of various polyphenol-containing plants Lily (Casablanca) bulbs were planted in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in Fig. 13 in a vinyl house, and various polyphenol-containing plants were grown. hydroponic cultivation was carried out by adding the extract of
  • Powdered trace element compounds (boric acid 3 g, manganese (II) sulfate 2 g, zinc sulfate 0.22 g, copper sulfate 0.05 g, sodium molybdate 0.01 g, sulfuric acid Iron (II) (15 g) was added and dissolved by stirring. Distilled water was added to this to make 1 L, and a plant extract trace element mixed solution (undiluted solution) was obtained.
  • the bulbs were stored at 13°C for 2 months, and then planted in the apparatus shown in Fig. 13 .
  • the bulbs were planted in containers filled with moist peat moss because lilies have roots (upper roots) on top as well as on the bottom of the bulb.
  • Fig. 14 four lilies were cultivated in each cultivation pot in each treatment area.
  • the culture solution was unidirectionally flowed from the culture solution tank to the cultivation pot by a pump, and then circulated back to the culture solution tank to perform complete circulation hydroponic cultivation without exchanging (discarding) the culture solution.
  • the pH and EC of the culture solution were not controlled.
  • the float system automatically replenished water without using electric power, and the volume of the culture solution was maintained at 15L.
  • a commercially available liquid fertilizer for hydroponics (“OAT House” A formulation, manufactured by OAT Agrio) was used as the culture solution.
  • OAT House A formulation, manufactured by OAT Agrio
  • the addition of various polyphenol-containing plant extracts to the culture medium was carried out as follows.
  • Fig. 15 After flowering, the diameter of the lily flower (Fig. 15) was measured.
  • a control group no plant extract added
  • hydroponics was performed in the same manner as above except that a commercially available liquid fertilizer for hydroponics was used instead of the plant extract trace element mixed solution.
  • a control group iron chloride
  • hydroponic cultivation was performed in the same manner as above except that 8.8 g of iron (III) chloride was added in place of the trace element compound in (1) above, and compared.
  • FIG. 16 is a graph showing the effect of addition of various polyphenol-containing plant extracts on lily flowers.
  • the vertical axis represents flower diameter (cm)
  • the horizontal axis represents treatment plots
  • Flower length flower diameter
  • Example 7 Hydroponic cultivation of paprika using chrysanthemum, bamboo, and grape extracts As shown in Fig. 17, paprika (Solanaceae) seedlings were planted in a cultivation bed in a vinyl house. Hydroponics was performed with the addition of extracts from grapes.
  • a commercially available liquid fertilizer for hydroponics (“OAT House” A formulation, manufactured by OAT Agrio) was used as the culture medium.
  • a trace element mixture (stock solution) was used.
  • the polyphenol-containing plant extract was added to the culture medium as follows. First, at the start of cultivation and at intervals of 7 days over the following 4 weeks, 33 mL of the above-described various plant extract trace element mixture (undiluted solution) was added to 100 L of the culture solution (3000-fold dilution). During the subsequent stem growth period, 100 mL of the plant extract trace element mixed solution (undiluted solution) was added to 100 L of the culture medium at intervals of 2 weeks (1000-fold dilution).
  • the culture solution was flowed in one direction from the culture solution tank to the cultivation bed by a pump, and then returned to the culture solution tank again.
  • No solid medium such as rockwool was used, and pH and EC of the culture solution were not controlled.
  • the float system automatically replenished water without using electric power, and the culture solution volume was maintained at 100L.
  • the paprika to which various polyphenol-containing plant extracts were added grew healthily and produced high-quality fruits (Fig. 18).
  • the chelating action of various polyphenol-containing plant extracts aids the absorption of trace elements, making pH control unnecessary.
  • a solid medium such as rock wool for the purpose of helping the absorption of nutrients, but in the cultivation method of the present embodiment, growth is not disturbed even if a solid medium is not used. does not occur.
  • the bactericidal action of the plant extract trace element complex and the organic substance decomposition action of the polyphenol iron complex act to control disease and suppress self-poisoning. It becomes possible.
  • Example 8 Strawberry hydroponics using banana and sweet potato extracts As shown in FIG. was added for hydroponics.
  • a commercially available liquid fertilizer for hydroponics (“OAT House” A formulation, manufactured by OAT Agrio) was used as the culture solution.
  • various plant extract trace element mixtures (undiluted solutions) prepared using banana (fruit) extracts and sweet potato (leaf stem) extracts in Preparation Example 1 were used. Using.
  • the polyphenol-containing plant extract was added to the culture solution as follows. First, at the start of cultivation and at intervals of 7 days over the following 4 weeks, 33 mL of the above-described various plant extract trace element mixture (undiluted solution) was added to 100 L of the culture solution (3000-fold dilution). During the subsequent stem growth period, 100 mL of the plant extract trace element mixed solution (undiluted solution) was added to 100 L of the culture medium at intervals of 2 weeks (1000-fold dilution).
  • hydroponics was performed in the same manner as above, except that a commercially available liquid fertilizer for hydroponics was used instead of the plant extract trace element mixed solution.
  • the strawberries to which the polyphenol-containing plant extract was added grew healthily.
  • a physiological disorder (yellowing of leaves), which is thought to be caused by trace element deficiency, occurred (Fig. 19).
  • the chelating action of the polyphenol-containing plant extract aids the absorption of trace elements, making pH control unnecessary.
  • hydroponic cultivation of strawberries it is common to use a solid medium such as rock wool, but the cultivation method of the present embodiment does not require a solid medium, so the problem of disposal of the solid medium after cultivation can be solved.
  • Example 9 Hydroponic cultivation of strawberries using extracts of various polyphenol-containing plants Strawberry (cultivar name "Beni Hoppe") seedlings were planted in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIG. Hydroponics was carried out by adding extracts of various polyphenol-containing plant bodies.
  • Powdered trace element compounds (boric acid 3 g, manganese (II) sulfate 2 g, zinc sulfate 0.22 g, copper sulfate 0.05 g, sodium molybdate 0.01 g, sulfuric acid Iron (II) (15 g) was added and dissolved by stirring. Distilled water was added to this to make 1 L, and a plant extract trace element mixed solution (undiluted solution) was obtained.
  • a commercially available liquid fertilizer for hydroponics (“OAT House” A formulation, manufactured by OAT Agrio) was used as the culture medium. At intervals of 2 weeks from the start of cultivation, 9 mL (1000-fold dilution) of the various plant extract trace element mixture (undiluted solution) prepared in (1) above and 9 mL of the above commercial liquid fertilizer were added to 9 L of the culture solution. did. Further, water was replenished manually at intervals of 3 weeks, and the volume of the culture solution was maintained at 9L.
  • the SPAD value was measured as an indicator of the chlorophyll content using a chlorophyll meter.
  • strawberry fruits were harvested over 3 weeks from 80 days after the planting of strawberry seedlings, and the yield was measured.
  • hydroponic cultivation was carried out in the same manner as above except that a commercial liquid fertilizer was used instead of the plant extract trace element mixture.
  • FIG. 21 is a photographic image diagram comparing the states of (a) the control plot and (b) the ginkgo biloba extract-added plot 55 days after planting.
  • physiological disturbances yellowing of young leaves
  • trace element deficiency were prominent, and the yield of strawberry fruits was small.
  • plant extract addition group growth failure did not occur, and more strawberry fruits could be harvested than in the control group (see FIG. 23).
  • Fig. 22 is a graph comparing the chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of strawberries in each treatment plot.
  • the vertical axis represents the SPAD value
  • the horizontal axis represents the treatment group
  • the bar represents the standard deviation
  • the chlorophyll content was significantly higher than in the control group (Fig. 22).
  • the vertical axis is the total fruit weight (g)
  • the horizontal axis is the treated area
  • the bar indicates the standard deviation
  • different letters indicate significant differences at a significance level of 5%.
  • the yield was significantly higher than in the control group (Fig. 23). It is considered that the chlorophyll content of strawberries in the control plot decreased due to growth failure. Plants with low chlorophyll content are thought to have reduced photosynthetic capacity, leading to a significant decrease in yield.
  • the optimal pH for plant growth is considered to be 5.5-6.5. If the pH is out of this range, trace elements change into a form that cannot be absorbed by plants and precipitate. Therefore, in the prior art, acid or alkali is added to the culture solution to adjust the pH. In this example, as a result of measuring the pH of the culture solution two months after the planting, the pH exceeded 6.5 in all the treatment plots due to the breakdown of the nutrient composition balance. Therefore, in the control group, growth failure occurred due to the deficiency of trace elements (Figs. 21 to 23). On the other hand, in the treatment plots in which the polyphenol-containing plant extract was added to the culture medium, the microelements were chelated and easily absorbed by the plants, so it is thought that the occurrence of growth disorders could be prevented.
  • Example 10 Mixed planting of Asteraceae plants and root vegetables using cedar extract
  • a commercially available hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIG. Seedlings of the family were co-planted, a cedar extract was added, and hydroponics was carried out for 40 days.
  • a commercially available liquid fertilizer (“Hyponex (registered trademark) undiluted solution” diluted 3000 times, manufactured by Hyponex Japan) was used. 15 mL of the plant extract trace element mixture (undiluted solution) prepared using the cedar (leaf and stem) extract in Preparation Example 1 was diluted 1,000 times with this culture solution, and hydroponics was started.
  • FIG. 25 is a photographic image diagram comparing the state of mixed planting cultivation in the plant extract addition plot and the control plot. Although it is not clear from FIG. 25, the 20-day radish in the control group showed growth failure (yellowing of leaves), whereas the plant extract addition group did not cause any growth failure and grew soundly. In the control plot, it is considered that growth failure occurred due to trace element deficiency.
  • Fig. 26 is a graph comparing the yield of 20-day radish in each treatment plot.
  • the yield of 20-day radish in the treatment plot added with the cedar extract was significantly higher than in the control plot (Fig. 26). In the control plot, the leaves turned yellow due to the growth failure, so it is considered that the chlorophyll content decreased and the photosynthetic capacity decreased, resulting in a decrease in the yield.
  • the present embodiment can be applied not only to leafy vegetables for which hydroponics has been conventionally performed, but also to various crops.
  • the technology according to the present embodiment is an environment-friendly complete circulation type hydroponics, does not require strict management of the culture solution, and does not require expensive sterilization equipment or chemicals. It is an epoch-making technology that can spread cultivation widely.
  • Example 11 Mixed planting of Asteraceae plants and root vegetables using extracts of various polyphenol-containing plants (Asteraceae) and lettuce (Asteraceae) seedlings were mixed, and hydroponics was performed by adding various polyphenol-containing plant extracts. Two cultivars of the 20-day daikon radish, a red long variety and a white long variety, were used.
  • FIG. 27 is a plan view of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus
  • FIG. 28 is a side view of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus.
  • Polyphenol-containing plants include mugwort leaves and stems, radish leaves and stems, lemon balm leaves and stems, mulberry leaves and stems, sage leaves and stems, and peppermint. Leaves and stems, mustard leaves and stems, mandarin orange peels, eucalyptus leaves and stems, and bamboo leaves and stems were used. 10 g (dry weight) of the various polyphenol-containing plant bodies and 700 mL of distilled water were placed in a 1000 mL beaker and heated at 120° C. for 20 minutes under pressure. This was filtered with filter paper to obtain various polyphenol-containing plant body extracts.
  • Powdered trace element compounds (boric acid 3 g, manganese (II) sulfate 2 g, zinc sulfate 0.22 g, copper sulfate 0.05 g, sodium molybdate 0.01 g, sulfuric acid Iron (II) (15 g) was added and dissolved by stirring. Distilled water was added to this to make 1 L, and a plant extract trace element mixed solution (undiluted solution) was obtained.
  • a commercially available liquid fertilizer (“Hyponex (registered trademark) undiluted solution” diluted 3000 times, manufactured by Hyponex Japan) was used. Hydroponics was started using 5 mL of the mixture of various plant extract trace elements (undiluted solution) prepared in (1) above, which was diluted 3000 times with this culture solution.
  • FIG. 29 is a photographic image diagram showing the state of mixed planting cultivation in a plot with various plant extracts and a control plot.
  • growth failure yellowing of leaves
  • plant extract addition group growth failure did not occur and the radish grew soundly.
  • allelopathic substances auto-intoxication
  • Fig. 30 is a graph comparing the yield of (a) red radish and (b) white 20 days radish in each treatment area.
  • the vertical axis indicates the fresh weight (g) per strain
  • the horizontal axis indicates the treatment group
  • the bar indicates the standard deviation
  • the yield of daikon daikon radish in the treatment plot added with various polyphenol-containing plant extracts was higher than in the control plot (Fig. 30).
  • the leaves turned yellow due to the growth failure, so it is considered that the chlorophyll content decreased and the photosynthetic capacity decreased, resulting in a decrease in the yield.
  • a phenomenon called "autopoisoning" is known, in which allelopathic substances exuded from plant roots accumulate in high concentrations in the culture solution and cause growth failure. In this example, it is considered that the growth failure that occurred in the control plot was due to the allelopathic substance.
  • the polyphenol iron complex in the culture solution caused the Fenton reaction with hydrogen peroxide secreted by Asteraceae plants to generate hydroxyl radicals, which decomposed and removed allelopathic organic substances. It is considered that no growth disorder occurred. Therefore, according to the hydroponics method of the present embodiment, stable production of crops is possible even if the waste liquid is zero in the complete circulation system.
  • Example 12 Hydroponics of Labiatae plants using rosemary and oregano extracts
  • a vinyl house seedlings of Labiatae (Lamiaceae) are planted in a commercially available hydroponic cultivation apparatus, and rosemary extract or oregano is extracted. Hydroponics was carried out by adding a substance.
  • Powdered trace element compounds (boric acid 3 g, manganese (II) sulfate 2 g, zinc sulfate 0.22 g, copper sulfate 0.05 g, sodium molybdate 0.01 g, sulfuric acid Iron (II) (15 g) was added and dissolved by stirring. Distilled water was added to this to make 1 L, and a plant extract trace element mixed solution (undiluted solution) was obtained.
  • a commercially available liquid fertilizer (“Hyponex (registered trademark) undiluted solution” diluted 3000 times, manufactured by Hyponex Japan) was used. Hydroponics was started using 5 mL of the mixture of various plant extract trace elements (undiluted solution) prepared in (1) above, which was diluted 3000 times with this culture medium.
  • the plant height of perilla was measured on the 21st day after planting.
  • hydroponic cultivation was carried out in the same manner as above except that a commercial liquid fertilizer was used instead of the plant extract trace element mixture.
  • FIG. 31 is a photographic image diagram showing the state of hydroponics in a plot with various plant extracts and a control plot.
  • the perilla plant turned yellow, while in the plant extract-added group, the plant grew healthy.
  • the control group it is considered that growth failure occurred due to self-poisoning.
  • Fig. 32 is a graph comparing plant heights in each treatment area.
  • the vertical axis represents perilla plant height
  • the horizontal axis represents treatment plots
  • the bar represents standard deviation
  • the plant height of perilla in the treatment plot added with various polyphenol-containing plant extracts was significantly (p ⁇ 0.05) higher than in the control plot (Fig. 32). In the control group, it is considered that growth failure occurred due to self-poisoning and the growth was poor.
  • Example 13 Mixed planting of Labiatae plants and leafy vegetables using oregano and rosemary extracts
  • a commercially available hydroponic cultivation apparatus shown in FIG. Seedlings were planted and hydroponically grown with the addition of oregano and rosemary extracts.
  • Powdered trace element compounds (boric acid 3 g, manganese (II) sulfate 2 g, zinc sulfate 0.22 g, copper sulfate 0.05 g, sodium molybdate 0.01 g, sulfuric acid Iron (II) (15 g) was added and dissolved by stirring. Distilled water was added to this to make 1 L, and a plant extract trace element mixed solution (undiluted solution) was obtained.
  • a commercially available liquid fertilizer (“Hyponex (registered trademark) undiluted solution” diluted 3000 times, manufactured by Hyponex Japan) was used. Hydroponics was started using 5 mL of the plant extract trace element mixed solution (undiluted solution) prepared in (1) above diluted 3000 times with this culture solution.
  • FIG. 33 is a photographic image diagram showing the state of mixed planting cultivation in the oregano and rosemary extract addition group and the control group. Although it is difficult to understand from FIG. 33 , yellowing of the spinach plants in the control plot was observed, whereas the plants in the oregano and rosemary extract addition plots grew soundly. In the spinach of the control plot, it is considered that growth failure (especially yellowing of young leaves due to iron deficiency) occurred due to the imbalance of nutrient solution composition.
  • FIG. 34 is a graph showing the effect of adding rosemary extract and oregano extract on the growth of perilla and spinach.
  • FIG. 34(b) is a graph comparing the chlorophyll content of spinach leaves in each treatment plot.
  • the chlorophyll content of spinach in the treated group with the addition of oregano and rosemary extracts was significantly higher than in the control group (Fig. 34(b)).
  • trace elements particularly iron were deficient due to an imbalance in the composition of the nutrient solution.
  • Test Example 4 Antibacterial property test by plant extract trace element complex The antibacterial property against Escherichia coli was verified for the plant extract trace element complex, which is a reaction product of various polyphenol-containing plant extracts and trace elements.
  • Polyphenol-containing plants include acacia leaves and stems, grape lees (squeezed pomace left in the process of wine production), poplar leaves and stems, lemon balm (whole plant), and bananas.
  • FIG. 35 shows an antibacterial evaluation method.
  • 100 ⁇ L (1 ⁇ 10 6 cfu/mL) of E. coli O157:H7 (ATCC43888) bacterial solution was spread on an LB agar medium (FIG. 35(a)).
  • the paper disc containing the plant extract trace element complex liquid obtained above was placed on an LB agar medium and cultured overnight at 37° C. (FIG. 35(b)).
  • the presence or absence of the antibacterial activity of the polyphenol iron complex was determined based on the presence or absence of the formation of a fungal growth-inhibiting halo around the paper disc (Fig. 35(c)). Control plots were treated in the same manner as above, except that the polyphenol-containing plant was not used.
  • FIGS. 36 to 42 (3) Results and Discussion Results are shown in FIGS. 36 to 42.
  • FIG. 36 (a) is the control group, (b) is the acacia extract trace element complex group, (c) is the grape extract trace element complex group, (d) is the poplar extract trace element complex group, (e) represents the lemon balm extract trace element complex group, and (f) represents the banana extract trace element complex group.
  • FIG. 37 (g) is the ginkgo extract trace element complex group, (h) is the cacao extract trace element complex group, (i) is the cedar extract trace element complex group, and (k) is the pine extract trace element complex.
  • (m) is a perilla extract trace element complex plot, and (n) is a yuzu extract trace element complex plot, respectively.
  • FIG. 36 (a) is the control group, (b) is the acacia extract trace element complex group, (c) is the grape extract trace element complex group, (d) is the poplar extract trace element complex group, (e) represents the lemon
  • (a') is the papaya extract trace element complex group
  • (b') is the cypress bark extract trace element complex group
  • (c') is the cypress leaf extract trace element complex group
  • (d') is The peppermint extract trace element complex group
  • (e') the mango extract trace element complex group
  • (f') the mandarin orange extract trace element complex group, respectively.
  • (g′) is a willow extract trace element complex group
  • (h′) is a eucalyptus extract trace element complex group
  • (i′) is a mugwort extract trace element complex group
  • (k′) is a lavender extract.
  • (m′) represents a trace element complex plot of rosemary extract
  • (n′) represents a trace element complex plot of lemon extract.
  • (o′) indicates the tea extract trace element complex group
  • (p′) indicates the sugarcane extract trace element complex group, respectively.
  • a polyphenol-iron complex was prepared using tea leaves (green tea) as a polyphenol-containing plant. 10 g of dry tea leaves were placed in a 1000 mL beaker, added with 700 mL of distilled water and heated at 120° C. for 20 minutes under pressure. This was filtered with filter paper to obtain a polyphenol extract. 8.8 g of iron (III) chloride (3 g as an iron element) was added to this extract, mixed, and reacted to obtain a reaction product (polyphenol iron complex liquid).
  • Group treated only with chrysanthemum roots (control): 100 mL of E. coli solution (1.2 ⁇ 10 6 cfu/mL) was placed in a 200 mL beaker, and one chrysanthemum seedling (root portion) was immersed therein.
  • ⁇ Chrysanthemum root and polyphenol iron complex treated area 100 ⁇ L of the above polyphenol iron complex solution and 100 mL of E. coli solution (1.2 ⁇ 10 6 cfu/mL) were placed in a 200 mL beaker, and 1 chrysanthemum seedling (root part) was placed therein. was immersed.
  • the chrysanthemum roots were soaked for 24 hours under the irradiation of a visible light LED (490-660 nm). Thereafter, in order to determine whether E. coli is alive or dead, 100 ⁇ L of the bacterial solution was collected from each treatment group, spread on an LB agar medium, and cultured at 37° C. for 24 hours.
  • tea leaf extract trace element complex solution 10 g of dried tea leaves (green tea) were placed in a 1000 mL beaker, added with 700 mL of distilled water, and heated at 120° C. for 20 minutes under pressure. Powdered trace element compounds (3 g of boric acid, 2 g of manganese (II) sulfate, 0.22 g of zinc sulfate, 0.05 g of copper sulfate, 0.01 g of sodium molybdate, and 15 g of iron (II) sulfate) were added and mixed. . Distilled water was added to this to adjust the volume to 1000 mL to obtain a tea leaf extract trace element complex solution.
  • Powdered trace element compounds 3 g of boric acid, 2 g of manganese (II) sulfate, 0.22 g of zinc sulfate, 0.05 g of copper sulfate, 0.01 g of sodium molybdate, and 15 g of iron (II) sul
  • ⁇ Preparation of tea leaf extract 10 g of dried tea leaves (green tea) were placed in a 1000 mL beaker, added with 700 mL of distilled water, and heated at 120° C. for 20 minutes under pressure. Distilled water was added to this and adjusted to 1000 mL, and it was set as the tea leaf extract.
  • ⁇ Preparation of trace element mixture In a 1000 mL beaker, add 700 mL of distilled water and powdered trace element compounds (3 g boric acid, 2 g manganese (II) sulfate, 0.22 g zinc sulfate, 0.05 g copper sulfate, 0.01 g sodium molybdate, iron (II) sulfate ) 15 g was added and mixed. Distilled water was added to this to adjust the volume to 1000 mL, thereby obtaining a trace element mixture.
  • powdered trace element compounds 3 g boric acid, 2 g manganese (II) sulfate, 0.22 g zinc sulfate, 0.05 g copper sulfate, 0.01 g sodium molybdate, iron (II) sulfate ) 15 g
  • Table 3 shows the results.
  • the numerical values indicate the diameter of the fungal growth-inhibiting halo in each treatment plot (average values of x and y in FIG. 44, unit: mm), and different letters indicate significant differences at the significance level of 5%.
  • Test Example 7 Antibacterial comparative test of polyphenol iron complex and plant extract trace element complex A polyphenol iron complex and a plant extract trace element complex containing 5.4 mM or 54 mM iron element were prepared, and their antibacterial properties against E. coli were tested. compared.
  • tea leaf extract trace element complex solution 10 g of dried tea leaves (green tea) were placed in a 1000 mL beaker, added with 700 mL of distilled water, and heated at 120° C. for 20 minutes under pressure. Powdered trace element compounds (3 g of boric acid, 2 g of manganese (II) sulfate, 0.22 g of zinc sulfate, 0.05 g of copper sulfate, 0.01 g of sodium molybdate, and 15 g of iron (II) sulfate) were added and mixed. . Distilled water was added to adjust the volume to 1000 mL to obtain a tea leaf extract trace element complex solution (54 mM iron). A tea leaf extract trace element complex solution (5.4 mM iron) was prepared in the same manner as described above, except that the amount of each trace element compound added was reduced to 1/10.
  • Powdered trace element compounds 3 g of boric acid, 2 g of manganese (II) sulfate, 0.22
  • the antibacterial property evaluation test by the paper disk method was performed in the same manner as in Test Example 6. Specifically, 100 ⁇ L (2.5 ⁇ 10 6 cfu/mL) of E. coli O157:H7 (ATCC43888) precultured (37° C., 24 hours) in LB liquid medium was inoculated into agar LB medium to prepare a plate medium. A paper disk (for antibiotic assay, manufactured by Advantech Toyo Co., Ltd., diameter 8 mm) containing each sample prepared in (1) above was placed on the above plate medium and cultured at 37° C. for 24 hours.
  • E. coli O157:H7 ATCC43888
  • Table 4 shows the results.
  • the numerical values indicate the diameter of the fungal growth-inhibiting halo in each treatment plot (average values of x and y in FIG. 41, unit: mm), and different letters indicate significant differences at the significance level of 5%.
  • the tea leaf extract trace element complex solution containing 54 mM iron element used in this example has the same concentration as the plant extract trace element mixture (undiluted solution) prepared using the tea leaf extract in Preparation Example 1. Therefore, it is clear that the addition of the plant extract trace element mixed solution to the culture solution provides a markedly superior disease control effect than the conventional polyphenol iron complexes.
  • the hydroponically cultivated Labiatae plants were pulled out together with each strain, and the hydrogen peroxide concentration in the water adhering to the surface of the roots was measured using a hydrogen peroxide test paper (manufactured by Merck). As a result, 100 mg/L or more of hydrogen peroxide was detected in all Labiatae plants.
  • Example 14 Mixed planting of Labiatae plants using oregano extract Seedlings of basil (Lamiaceae) and lettuce (Asteraceae) or parsley (Umbelliferae) were planted in a commercially available hydroponic cultivation apparatus in a vinyl house. , oregano extract was added for mixed planting.
  • Powdered trace element compounds (boric acid 3 g, manganese (II) sulfate 2 g, zinc sulfate 0.22 g, copper sulfate 0.05 g, sodium molybdate 0.01 g, iron sulfate (II) 15 g) was added and dissolved by stirring. Distilled water was added to this to make 1 L, and a plant extract trace element mixed solution (undiluted solution) was obtained.
  • the plant extract trace element mixture (undiluted solution) prepared in (1) above was diluted 1000 times with this culture solution, and hydroponics was performed.
  • the culture solution was unidirectionally flowed from the culture solution tank to the cultivation pipe by a pump, and then circulated back to the culture solution tank.
  • 15 mL of the plant extract trace element mixture (undiluted solution) (1000-fold dilution) was added to 15 L of the culture solution at intervals of 7 days.
  • No-exchange plot Same as the oregano extract treatment plot, except that a commercially available liquid fertilizer was used instead of the plant extract trace element mixture (undiluted solution). gone. • Replacement plot: The entire amount of the culture solution was replaced with new culture solution at intervals of 7 days from 1 week after the start of cultivation.
  • FIGS. 45 to 48 are photographic images showing conditions of mixed planting cultivation of basil and lettuce, and basil and parsley, respectively. Compared to the non-exchanged plot and the exchanged plot, the oregano extract added plot promoted the growth of each crop (Figs. 45 and 47).
  • Fig. 46 is a graph comparing the yields of (a) basil and (b) lettuce in each treatment area.
  • the vertical axis represents the fresh weight (g) per strain
  • the horizontal axis represents the treatment group
  • the bar represents the standard deviation
  • FIG. 48 is a graph comparing the yield of (a) basil and (b) parsley in each treatment plot.
  • the vertical axis represents the fresh weight (g) per strain
  • the horizontal axis represents the treatment group
  • the bar represents the standard deviation
  • Example 15 Mixed planting of Labiatae plants and root vegetables using rosemary and thyme extracts
  • a vinyl house seedlings of various Labiatae plants and 20-day radish (Brassicaceae) are grown in a commercially available hydroponic cultivation apparatus. After planting, rosemary extract or thyme extract was added to perform mixed planting cultivation.
  • Powdered trace element compounds (boric acid 3 g, manganese (II) sulfate 2 g, zinc sulfate 0.22 g, copper sulfate 0.05 g, sodium molybdate 0.01 g, sulfuric acid Iron (II) (15 g) was added and dissolved by stirring. Distilled water was added to this to make 1 L, and a plant extract trace element mixed solution (undiluted solution) was obtained.
  • the plant extract trace element mixed solution (undiluted solution) prepared in (1) above was diluted 1000 times with this culture solution, and hydroponics was performed.
  • a plant extract trace element mixed solution (undiluted solution) to which thyme extract was added was used.
  • a plant extract trace element mixed solution (undiluted solution) to which rosemary extract was added was used.
  • the culture solution was unidirectionally flowed from the culture solution tank to the cultivation pipe by a pump, and then circulated back to the culture solution tank.
  • 15 mL of the plant extract trace element mixture (undiluted solution) (1000-fold dilution) was added to 15 L of the culture solution at intervals of 7 days.
  • No-exchange area Same as the plant extract treatment area, except that commercial liquid fertilizer was used instead of the plant extract trace element mixture (undiluted solution). gone.
  • Replacement plot The entire amount of the culture solution was replaced with new culture solution at intervals of 7 days from 1 week after the start of cultivation.
  • FIGS. 49 to 56 are photographic images showing the state of mixed planting cultivation of various Labiatae plants and daikon radish. In all cultivation tests, the growth of each crop was promoted in the rosemary- or thyme extract-added plots compared to the non-exchange plot and the exchange plot (Figs. 49, 51, 53 and 55).
  • Fig. 50 is a graph comparing the yields of (a) 20 days radish and (b) oregano in each treatment plot.
  • FIG. 52 is a graph comparing the yields of (a) daikon radish and (b) rosemary in each treatment plot.
  • FIG. 54 is a graph comparing the yields of (a) daikon radish and (b) lemon balm in each treatment plot.
  • FIG. 56 is a graph comparing the yields of (a) daikon radish and (b) mint in each treatment plot.
  • the vertical axis represents the fresh weight (g) per strain
  • the horizontal axis represents the treatment group
  • the bar represents the standard deviation
  • Example 16 Mixed planting of Asteraceae or Labiatae plants and fruit vegetables using rosemary and basil extract and tomato (Solanaceae) seedlings were planted, mixed planting cultivation was performed by adding rosemary extract or basil extract.
  • Powdered trace element compounds (boric acid 3 g, manganese (II) sulfate 2 g, zinc sulfate 0.22 g, copper sulfate 0.05 g, sodium molybdate 0.01 g, sulfuric acid Iron (II) (15 g) was added and dissolved by stirring. Distilled water was added to this to make 1 L, and a plant extract trace element mixed solution (undiluted solution) was obtained.
  • FIG. 57 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section of a hydroponic cultivation apparatus in (a) a tomato single cultivation area, (b) a tomato/basil mixed cultivation area, and (c) a tomato/chrysanthemum mixed cultivation area.
  • FIG. 58 is a photographic image showing mixed planting cultivation at the time of fixed planting in (a) a tomato single cultivation area, (b) a tomato/basil mixed cultivation area, and (c) a tomato/chrysanthemum mixed cultivation area.
  • the hydroponic cultivation apparatus in the mixed planting area includes a vinyl greenhouse with a vinyl greenhouse and a PVC pipe with a length of about 10 m and an inner diameter of 10 cm above a cultivation bed of 10 m in length in which tomato seedlings are planted. It was fixed parallel to the cultivation bed by a wire hanging from the ceiling of the plant. Openings were provided at regular intervals in the upper portion of the PVC pipe, and seedlings of basil or chrysanthemum were planted there. The cultivation bed and the pipe were connected with a hose, and the culture solution was circulated between the cultivation bed and the pipe with a pump. In the tomato-only cultivation area, hydroponic cultivation was performed using only the cultivation bed.
  • the culture solution was flowed in one direction from the culture solution tank by a pump, and was returned to the culture solution tank again.
  • oxygen was supplied to the culture solution by an air pump during cultivation.
  • a solid medium such as rock wool was not used, and pH and EC of the culture solution were not controlled.
  • the float system automatically replenished water without using electricity to maintain the culture medium volume.
  • a commercially available liquid fertilizer (“OAT House” A prescription, manufactured by OAT Agrio) was used as the culture solution.
  • hydroponics was started using the plant extract trace element mixed solution (undiluted solution) prepared in (1) above diluted 1000 times with this culture solution. After one week from the start of cultivation, 700 mL of the plant extract trace element mixture (undiluted solution) (1000-fold dilution) was added to 700 L of the culture medium at intervals of 7 days.
  • a plant extract trace element mixed solution (undiluted solution) with basil extract added was used in the tomato and basil mixed planting area.
  • a plant extract trace element mixed solution (undiluted solution) to which rosemary extract was added was used in the tomato/chrysanthemum mixed planting plot.
  • a commercially available liquid fertilizer was used in place of the plant extract trace element mixed solution (undiluted solution) in the tomato single cultivation plot.
  • the total fresh weight of tomatoes (sum of fruits, leaves, branches and stems) and fruit yield were measured.
  • the density of various bacteria in the culture solution was measured. The density of various bacteria was measured by collecting 50 mL of the culture solution from three locations on the cultivation bed, inoculating 100 ⁇ L of these culture solution samples on an agar medium, and culturing at 37° C. for 48 hours.
  • FIG. 59 shows the state of the cultivation test and the effect on the density of various bacteria in the culture solution in (a) a tomato single cultivation area, (b) a tomato/basil mixed cultivation area, and (c) a tomato/chrysanthemum mixed cultivation area. It is a photographic image. Each crop grew healthy in all treatment plots. In addition, it was found that the density of various bacteria in the culture medium was extremely low or below the detection limit in any of the mixed planting areas, whereas the density of various bacteria was high in the control tomato single cultivation area (Fig. 59).
  • FIG. 60 is a graph comparing (a) total fresh weight and (b) fruit yield of tomatoes in each treatment plot.
  • each crop grew soundly, whereas the tomato-only cultivation plot, which was the control, showed poor growth.
  • the tomato/chrysanthemum mixed planting plot no significant difference was observed in fruit yield from the control (tomato alone), but the growth was significantly promoted in terms of total fresh weight.
  • both the fruit yield and the total fresh weight increased significantly compared to the control (tomato alone) (Fig. 60).
  • the dry weight of the polyphenol-containing plant body was placed in a 1000 mL beaker, 700 mL of distilled water was added, and the mixture was heated under pressure at 120°C for 20 minutes. This was filtered with filter paper to obtain a polyphenol-containing plant body extract. Powdered trace element compounds (3 g of boric acid, 2 g of manganese (II) sulfate, 0.22 g of zinc sulfate, 0.05 g of copper sulfate, 0.01 g of sodium molybdate, and 15 g of iron (II) sulfate) were added to this extract. By adding, mixing and reacting, a reaction product (plant extract trace element complex liquid) was obtained. An antibacterial evaluation test using various plant extract trace element complex liquids thus obtained was conducted in the same manner as in Test Example 4.
  • FIG. 61 The results are shown in Figures 61 to 67.
  • (a) is the control group (no plant extract added)
  • (b) is the lily extract trace element complex group
  • (c) is the apple mint extract trace element complex group
  • (d) is the basil extract.
  • a trace element complex plot (e) an aromaticus extract trace element complex plot, and (f) a loquat extract trace element complex plot, respectively.
  • (g) is the Houttuynia cordata extract trace element complex group
  • (h) is the eggplant extract trace element complex group
  • (i) is the hibiscus extract trace element complex group
  • (k) is the tomato extract trace element complex.
  • (m) indicates a chili pepper extract trace element complex plot
  • (n) indicates a cassava extract trace element complex plot, respectively.
  • (o) is the lady plymouth geranium extract trace element complex group
  • (p) is the honeywort extract trace element complex group
  • (q) is the purple basil extract trace element complex group
  • (r) is the oregano extract.
  • (g ') is solidagoia solids extract trace element complex group
  • (h ') is perilla extract trace element complex group
  • (i ') is perilla extract trace element complex group
  • (k ') is camphor tree
  • Antibacterial comparative test (2) Various polyphenol-containing plant extracts, trace elements, and their reaction products, plant extract trace element complexes, were compared in terms of antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli.
  • Polyphenol-containing plants include fleabane flowers (10 g), whole chamomile plant (10 g), rhubarb leaves and branches (20 g), cassava leaves and branches (10 g), whole Houttuynia cordata plant (20 g), coriander leaves and twigs (10 g), Swiss chard leaves and twigs (20 g), aralia buds (tara buds), leaves and twigs (20 g), kudzu leaves and twigs (10 g), cinnamon leaves and twigs (10 g) Using.
  • ⁇ Preparation of trace element mixture In a 1000 mL beaker, add 700 mL of distilled water and powdered trace element compounds (3 g boric acid, 2 g manganese (II) sulfate, 0.22 g zinc sulfate, 0.05 g copper sulfate, 0.01 g sodium molybdate, iron (II) sulfate ) 15 g was added and mixed. Distilled water was added to this to adjust the volume to 1000 mL, thereby obtaining a trace element mixture.
  • powdered trace element compounds 3 g boric acid, 2 g manganese (II) sulfate, 0.22 g zinc sulfate, 0.05 g copper sulfate, 0.01 g sodium molybdate, iron (II) sulfate ) 15 g
  • Figures 68 to 72 show plant extracts from (a) fleabane, (b) chamomile, trace elements and their reaction products (plant extract trace element complexes).
  • Figure 69 shows plant extracts from (a) rhubarb, (b) cassava, trace elements and their reaction products (plant extract trace element complexes).
  • Figure 70 shows plant extracts from (a) Houttuynia cordata, (b) coriander, trace elements and their reaction products (plant extract trace element complexes).
  • Figure 71 shows (a) Swiss chard, (b) plant extracts from cod sprouts, trace elements and their reaction products (plant extract trace element complexes).
  • Figure 72 shows plant extracts from (a) kudzu, (b) cinnamon, trace elements and their reaction products (plant extract trace element complexes).
  • Maitake and shiitake mushrooms were used as mushrooms. 10 g of these mushrooms were placed in a 1000 mL beaker, added with 700 mL of distilled water and heated at 120° C. for 20 minutes under pressure. The supernatant was filtered with filter paper to obtain a mushroom extract. Powdered trace element compounds (3 g of boric acid, 2 g of manganese (II) sulfate, 0.22 g of zinc sulfate, 0.05 g of copper sulfate, 0.01 g of sodium molybdate, and 15 g of iron (II) sulfate) were added to this extract. A reaction product (mushroom extract trace element complex liquid) was obtained by adding, mixing and reacting. An antibacterial evaluation test using the mushroom extract trace element complex liquid thus obtained was conducted in the same manner as in Test Example 4.
  • FIG. 73 shows the control group (no mushroom extract added), (b) shows the maitake mushroom extract trace element complex group, and (c) shows the shiitake extract trace element complex group, respectively.
  • Both mushroom extract trace element complexes showed high antibacterial properties (Fig. 73).
  • hydroponic cultivation methods using extracts from various plants or mushrooms were described, but the present invention is not limited to this.

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JP2025156162A (ja) * 2024-03-29 2025-10-14 株式会社Agri Smile 植物成長促進組成物
JP2025156158A (ja) * 2024-03-29 2025-10-14 株式会社Agri Smile 植物成長促進組成物
CN120794756A (zh) * 2025-07-30 2025-10-17 中国农业大学 一种适用于水培植物的营养液及其制备方法
JP7812171B1 (ja) * 2025-04-21 2026-02-09 株式会社Agri Smile 植物成長促進組成物
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CN120794756A (zh) * 2025-07-30 2025-10-17 中国农业大学 一种适用于水培植物的营养液及其制备方法

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