WO2022205640A1 - 工程机械 - Google Patents

工程机械 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022205640A1
WO2022205640A1 PCT/CN2021/103020 CN2021103020W WO2022205640A1 WO 2022205640 A1 WO2022205640 A1 WO 2022205640A1 CN 2021103020 W CN2021103020 W CN 2021103020W WO 2022205640 A1 WO2022205640 A1 WO 2022205640A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
boom
section
cab
construction machine
lock
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/103020
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谢世惠
李江波
Original Assignee
三一汽车制造有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 三一汽车制造有限公司 filed Critical 三一汽车制造有限公司
Publication of WO2022205640A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022205640A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of machinery, in particular, to a construction machine.
  • the concrete pump truck has a turntable and a boom device arranged on the turntable.
  • the boom device includes a multi-section boom, and the multi-section boom can be unfolded, folded, rotated and folded through the drive of the driving device.
  • a conveying pipe is fixed on the boom device, and the conveying pipe moves together with the boom device, which can convey the concrete to the designated position.
  • the multi-section boom is folded to minimize the space occupied by the concrete pump truck.
  • the folding methods of the boom device of the concrete pump truck mainly include R-shaped, Z-shaped and RZ-shaped folding modes.
  • the R-shaped folding means that the multi-section boom is folded in one direction, such as clockwise, and unfolded in the opposite direction, such as counterclockwise.
  • Z-shaped folding means that the multi-section boom is folded or unfolded in opposite directions.
  • RZ shape is a combination of R shape and Z shape.
  • the present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art or related technologies.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a construction machine that can avoid damage to the cab.
  • the technical solution of the present application provides a construction machine, including a cab, a body behind the cab, a turntable arranged on the body, and a multi-section boom that is hinged in sequence, wherein the first section The boom is hinged with the turntable, and the first boom is extended from the turntable toward the rear end of the vehicle body, and the second boom is hinged with the first boom and folded above the first boom, At least one boom from the second boom to the last boom extends above the cab, and the construction machine further includes a locking device for locking the first boom The frame is locked on the vehicle body, and after the second section of the boom is deployed to a preset angle, the locking of the first section of the boom is released.
  • a driving oil cylinder is provided between the first section boom and the second section boom, and the driving oil cylinder is used to drive the second section boom to rotate relative to the first section boom
  • the locking device includes: a support structure, which is arranged on the vehicle body and is used to support the first section boom, and a first connection part is provided on the support structure or the vehicle body; a swinging member is rotatable Set on the first section boom, the first end of the swing member is set between the driving oil cylinder or the second section boom and the first section boom, the first end of the swing member is The two ends have second connecting parts suitable for matching with the first connecting parts, and the swinging member has the second connecting part to be matched with the first connecting part so that the first section of the boom can be connected A locked locked position, and an unlocked position of the second connecting portion away from the first connecting portion.
  • the locking device further includes an elastic member, and when the swinging member is in the locking position, the elastic member has an elastic force to rotate the swinging member toward the unlocking position.
  • the elastic member is located between the first end of the swing member and the first section of the boom, and the first end of the swing member is located between the driving oil cylinder and the first section of the boom. between.
  • the swing member includes a first swing arm and a second swing arm, and the connection between the first swing arm and the second swing arm is hinged with the first arm frame through a hinge shaft, and the The second connecting portion is provided on the first swing arm, the second swing arm includes a main body portion, and a bending portion provided between the driving oil cylinder and the first boom frame, and the elastic member is provided with between the bent portion and the first boom.
  • the swinging member is rotatably connected to the first boom frame through a hinge shaft, and the elastic member is located between the first end of the swing member and the first boom frame, or The elastic member is located on the hinge shaft, or the elastic member is located between the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion.
  • the first connection part is a lock block or a lock groove
  • the second connection part is a lock hook
  • the lock hook is suitable for locking with the lock block or lock groove
  • the first connection part is a lock hook
  • the connection part is a lock hook
  • the second connection part is a lock block or a lock groove
  • the lock hook is suitable for locking with the lock block or the lock groove.
  • the center line of rotation of the turntable is set at the middle or front of the vehicle body, and when the multi-section boom is in a folded state, the first boom extends toward the rear end of the vehicle body, so The second boom is folded above the first boom.
  • the first to fourth boom sections are folded into an R shape, and on the vertical projection plane perpendicular to the length direction of the vehicle body, the third boom is folded into an R shape.
  • the projection of the rack at least partially overlaps the projection of the cab.
  • the multi-section boom includes at least four booms, and the fourth boom extends above the cab.
  • the construction machinery provided by this application is provided with a locking device, so that during the deployment process of the multi-section boom, the first section of the boom can be deployed only after the second section of the boom is deployed to a preset angle, and the multi-section boom can be controlled.
  • the deployment sequence of the boom can prevent the boom and oil cylinder above the cab from hitting the cab due to the early deployment of the first boom, resulting in damage to the cab.
  • the locking device further comprises an elastic member, when the swinging member is in the locking position, the elastic member has an elastic force to rotate the swinging member towards the unlocking position .
  • the arrangement of the elastic member can realize the automatic unlocking of the first boom when the second boom is unfolded to a preset angle, without additional manual operation, thereby ensuring the safety of construction.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the construction machinery provided in the embodiment of this application;
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of part A of FIG. 1 .
  • the terms “installed”, “connected” and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection Connection, or integral connection; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be internal communication between two elements.
  • installed should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection Connection, or integral connection; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be internal communication between two elements.
  • the purpose of this embodiment is to provide a construction machine that can control the deployment sequence of the boom, so as to avoid damage to the cab.
  • the construction machinery may be a pump truck, a fire truck, and the like.
  • the construction machine includes a cab, a body behind the cab, a turntable 7 arranged on the body, and a multi-section boom that is hinged in sequence, wherein the first section of the boom is hinged with the turntable, and the first section is hinged to the turntable.
  • the boom 1 extends from the turntable towards the rear end of the vehicle body, the second boom is hinged with the first boom and is folded above the first boom, and at least one of the second boom to the last boom
  • the boom extends to the top of the cab, and the construction machine also includes a locking device, which is used to lock the first section of the boom on the body, and after the second section of the boom is unfolded to a preset angle, release the first section of the boom.
  • the preset angle can be obtained according to multiple experiments, for example, the preset angle can be 5°, 10°, 15°, 30°, 45°, etc., which can be set according to actual needs.
  • the first section of the boom can be deployed only after the second section of the boom is deployed to a preset angle, and the multi-section boom can be controlled.
  • the deployment sequence of the boom avoids that the boom and oil cylinder located above the cab will hit the cab due to the early deployment of the first boom, resulting in damage to the cab.
  • a driving oil cylinder 8 is provided between the first section of the boom and the second section of the boom, and the driving oil cylinder 8 is used to drive the second section of the boom relative to the first section.
  • the boom rotates, and the locking device includes a support structure 12 and a swinging member 9 .
  • the support structure 12 is provided on the vehicle body to support the first section of the boom, and the support structure 12 is provided with a first connecting part; One end is provided between the driving oil cylinder 8 and the first section boom, the second end of the swinging member 9 has a second connecting portion suitable for matching with the first connecting portion, and the swinging member 9 has a A connecting portion cooperates to lock the first section of the boom in a locked position, and to allow the second connecting portion to leave the first connecting portion in an unlocked position.
  • the driving cylinder 8 presses the first end of the swing member 9 and swings
  • the member 9 cannot be rotated relative to the first section of the boom, at this time the second connection portion of the swing member 9 cooperates with the first connection portion on the support structure 12, the first section of the boom is locked and cannot be unfolded;
  • the driving cylinder 8 leaves the first end of the swing member 9, and the swing member 9 can rotate relative to the first section of the boom, which can be manually rotated by hand.
  • the swinging member 9 makes the second connecting part separate from the first connecting part. At this time, the first section of the boom is unlocked and the first section of the boom can be deployed.
  • the first end of the swinging member 9 can be arranged between the boom of the second section and the boom of the first section, specifically, the first end of the swinging member 9 can be arranged at the boom of the second section Between it and the first section of the boom and close to the hinge point between the second section of the boom and the first section of the boom, a pressure block can be set at the first end of the swing member 9, when the second section of the boom is unfolded at a certain angle After that, release the clamp.
  • the first connection portion is provided on the vehicle body.
  • an angle sensor can be arranged between the first section of the boom and the second section of the boom, and the construction machine includes a control system, when the angle sensor detects that the second section of the boom is relatively opposite to the first section When the expansion angle of the boom reaches the preset angle, the control system controls the action of the first oil cylinder connected with the first boom to expand the first boom.
  • the locking device further includes an elastic member 11 , when the swinging member is in the locking position, the elastic member 11 has an elastic force to rotate the swinging member 9 toward the unlocking position.
  • the arrangement of the elastic member 11 can realize the automatic unlocking of the first section of the boom when the second section of the boom is unfolded to a preset angle, without additional manual operation, thereby ensuring the safety of construction.
  • the elastic member may be a spring, an elastic block, etc.
  • the specific form of the spring may be a torsion spring, a tension spring, a compression spring, and the like.
  • the elastic member 11 is located between the first end of the swing member 9 and the first section of the boom, and the first end of the swing member 9 is located between the driving cylinder 8 and the first section of the boom. between the booms.
  • the cylinder of the driving oil cylinder 8 is pressed against the first end of the swinging member 9, so that the elastic member 11 is deformed.
  • the cylinder of the driving oil cylinder 8 leaves the first end of the swinging member 9, at this time the elastic force of the elastic member 11 is released, and the swinging member 9 is driven to rotate toward the unlocking position. Therefore, the setting of the elastic member 11 can be realized.
  • the first boom When the second boom is deployed to a preset angle, the first boom is automatically unlocked without additional manual operation, thereby ensuring the safety of construction.
  • the elastic force of the elastic member 11 is released, so that the swing member 9 rotates counterclockwise.
  • the elastic member 11 is a spring, and the spring The specific form is tension spring, compression spring, etc.
  • the swinging member 9 is hinged on the first boom frame through the hinge shaft 10 , and the elastic member 11 is located on the hinge shaft 10 , and may specifically be a torsion spring located on the hinge shaft 10 .
  • the elastic member 11 is located between the first end of the swinging member 9 and the first boom 1 , specifically, it may be located between the first end of the swinging member 9 and the first boom 1 between compression or tension springs. In another alternative embodiment, the elastic member 11 is located between the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion, specifically a compression spring or a tension spring located between the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion, and the elastic member can be It is installed on the first connecting part, and can also be installed on the second connecting part.
  • the swing member 9 includes a first swing arm 91 and a second swing arm 92 , and the connection between the first swing arm 91 and the second swing arm 92 is through the hinge shaft 10 It is hinged with the first section of the boom, the second connecting part is provided on the first swing arm 91, the second swing arm 92 includes a main body 921, and a bent section 922 arranged between the driving cylinder 8 and the first section of the boom, The elastic member 11 is provided between the bending portion 922 and the first section of the boom.
  • the included angle between the first swing arm 91 and the main body portion 921 is an obtuse angle.
  • the first swing arm 91 When the swing member 9 is in the locked position, the first swing arm 91 is vertically arranged, and the second swing arm 92 is positioned vertically.
  • the main body portion 921 is inclined, the bending portion 922 of the second swing arm 92 is horizontally arranged, and the elastic member 11 is vertically located between the bending portion 922 and the first boom. Between a boom, the elastic member 11 is compressed to generate an upward elastic force.
  • the driving cylinder 8 leaves the bending portion 922, the elastic force is released, which can be decomposed into a force perpendicular to the main body portion 921 to drive the swing member 9 Turn to unlock.
  • the elastic member 11 can be easily installed and arranged.
  • both the first swing arm 91 and the second swing arm 92 can be arranged vertically, and the first swing arm 91 and the second swing arm 92 are on the same straight line.
  • the The first end of the swinging member 9 is provided with an inclined surface, and the spring is arranged between the inclined surface and the first section of the boom, and the spring is arranged obliquely.
  • the first connecting portion is the locking block 121
  • the second connecting portion is the locking hook 93
  • the locking hook 93 is suitable for locking with the locking block 121
  • the structures of the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are relatively simple.
  • the first connecting portion can be a locking groove
  • the second connecting portion can be a locking hook
  • the locking hook is suitable for locking with the locking groove.
  • the first connecting portion is a locking hook 93
  • the second connecting portion is a locking block 121 or a locking groove
  • the locking hook 93 is suitable for locking with the locking block 121 or the locking groove.
  • the center line of rotation of the turntable 7 is set in the middle or front of the vehicle body.
  • the front third of the vehicle body is called The front part
  • the middle one third is called the middle part
  • the rear one third is called the rear part.
  • the center line of rotation of the turntable 7 is set in the middle of the vehicle body, and when the multi-section boom is in a folded state, the first boom 1 to the fourth boom 4 are folded into an R shape , on the vertical projection plane perpendicular to the length direction of the vehicle body, the projection of the third section boom 3 and the projection of the cab at least partially overlap.
  • the second boom 2 is folded counterclockwise above the first boom 1
  • the third boom 3 is folded counterclockwise below the second boom 2
  • the fourth boom 4 is counterclockwise.
  • the hour hand is folded above the third boom 3.
  • the first section of the boom 1 can be unfolded to face forward.
  • the boom device needs to be rotated 180°, which can improve the construction efficiency.
  • the projection of the third boom 3 and the projection of the cab at least partially overlap, and the boxes of the second boom 2 and the third boom 3 have a large space in the height direction, which can
  • the box sections of the second boom 2 and the third boom 3 are made very high, which helps to improve the rigidity and torsion resistance of the second boom 2 and the third boom 3 .
  • the turntable 7 can also be provided at the front of the vehicle body, and when the multi-section boom is in the folded state, the first boom 1 extends toward the rear end of the vehicle body, and the second boom 2 Folded above the first boom 1, the first boom 1 to the fourth boom 4 are folded into an R shape.
  • the multi-section boom includes at least four booms, and the fourth boom 4 extends above the cab.
  • the space above the cab can be fully utilized, so that the length of the fourth section boom 4 is longer, or the length of the construction machine is shortened.
  • the multi-section boom includes at least five booms, and when the multi-section boom is folded, the fourth boom 4 and the fifth boom 5
  • the connection is located above the cab of the body.
  • the space above the cab can be fully utilized, so that the lengths of the fourth boom 4 and the fifth boom 5 are longer, or the length of the construction machine is shortened.
  • the multi-section boom includes six booms.
  • the fourth boom 4 to the sixth boom 6 are folded into an R shape.
  • the multi-section boom includes six booms, the second boom 2 is folded counterclockwise above the first boom 1, and the third boom 3 is folded counterclockwise on the second boom Below the boom 2, the fourth boom 4 is folded counterclockwise above the third boom 3, the fifth boom 5 is folded clockwise above the fourth boom 4, and the sixth boom
  • the frame 6 is folded clockwise below the fifth boom frame 5 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Component Parts Of Construction Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

一种工程机械包括驾驶室、位于驾驶室后方的车身、设置在车身上的转台（7）、依次铰接的多节臂架，其中，第一节臂架（1）与转台（7）铰接，且第一节臂架（1）由转台（7）朝向车身的后端延伸，第二节臂架（2）与第一节臂架（1）铰接并折叠于第一节臂架（1）的上方，第二节臂架（2）至最末节臂架中的至少一节臂架延伸至驾驶室的上方，工程机械还包括锁止装置，锁止装置用于将第一节臂架（1）锁定在车身上，且在第二节臂架（2）展开至预设角度后，解除对第一节臂架（1）的锁定。通过设置锁止装置，能够控制多节臂架的展开顺序，避免由于第一节臂架（1）提前展开造成位于驾驶室上方的臂架和油缸撞向驾驶室，造成驾驶室损坏。

Description

工程机械
本申请要求于2021年03月31日提交到中国国家知识产权局的申请号为202110353626.0、发明名称为“工程机械”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及机械技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种工程机械。
背景技术
混凝土泵车具有转台和设置在转台上的臂架装置。臂架装置包括多节臂架，通过驱动装置的驱动，多节臂架可以展开、收拢、旋转和折叠等。臂架装置上固定有输送管，输送管跟随臂架装置一起移动，可以将混凝土输送到指定的位置。当混凝土泵车处于非工作状态时，多节臂架折叠起来以尽量减小混凝土泵车所占据的空间。
臂架装置在折叠状态时，因其在高度方向上受到约束，导致在竖直方向上的布置空间较小。因此，充分利用竖直方向的空间将臂架装置紧凑地折叠起来，对于增加臂架装置的总长度和提高臂架装置布料的灵活性而言非常关键。目前，混凝土泵车的臂架装置的折叠方式主要有R形、Z形以及RZ形等折叠方式。R形折叠方式是指多节臂架以卷绕或卷合的方式朝向一个方向例如顺时针方向折叠，朝相反方向例如逆时针方向展开。Z形折叠方式是指多节臂架以依次相反的方向折叠或者展开。RZ形是R形和Z形的组合。
申请人在研发过程中发现，为了尽可能地将臂架做长，有时需要将部分臂架延伸到驾驶室上方，充分利用驾驶室上方的空间。这种臂架折叠形式在展开过程中需要严格遵从一定的展开顺序，否则可能会导致位于驾驶室上方的臂架和油缸撞向驾驶室，造成驾驶室损坏。
发明内容
本申请旨在至少解决现有技术或相关技术中存在的技术问题之一。
为此，本申请的目的在于提供一种能够避免驾驶室损坏的工程机械。
为了实现上述目的，本申请的技术方案提供了一种工程机械，包括驾驶室、位于驾驶室后方的车身、设置在所述车身上的转台、依次铰接的多节臂架，其中，第一节臂架与转台铰接，且第一节臂架由所述转台朝向所述车身的后端延伸，第二节臂架与第一节臂架铰接并折叠于所述第一节臂架的上方，第二节臂架至最末节臂架中的至少一节臂架延伸至所述驾驶室的上方，所述工程机械还包括锁止装置，所述锁止装置用于将所述第一节臂架锁定在所述车身上，且在所述第二节臂架展开至预设角度后，解除对所述第一节臂架的锁定。
可选地，所述第一节臂架与所述第二节臂架之间设有驱动油缸，所述驱动油缸用于驱动所述第二节臂架相对所述第一节臂架转动，所述锁止装置包括：支撑结构，设在所述车身上，用于支撑所述第一节臂架，所述支撑结构或者所述车身上设有第一连接部；摆动件，可转动地设在所述第一节臂架上，所述摆动件的第一端设在所述驱动油缸或者所述第二节臂架与所述第一节臂架之间，所述摆动件的第二端具有适于与所述第一连接部相配合的第二连接部，所述摆动件具有使所述第二连接部与所述第一连接部相配合以使所述第一节臂架锁定的锁定位置、以及使所述第二连接部离开所述第一连接部的解锁位置。
可选地，所述锁止装置还包括弹性件，当所述摆动件处于所述锁定位置时，所述弹性件具有使所述摆动件朝向所述解锁位置转动的弹性力。
可选地，所述弹性件位于所述摆动件的第一端与所述第一节臂架之间，所述摆动件的第一端位于所述驱动油缸与所述第一节臂架之间。
可选地，所述摆动件包括第一摆臂、第二摆臂，所述第一摆臂与所述第二摆臂的连接处通过铰接轴与所述第一节臂架铰接，所述第二连接部设在所述第一摆臂上，所述第二摆臂包括主体部、设在所述驱动油缸与所述第一节臂架之间的弯折部，所述弹性件设在所述弯折部与所述第一节臂架之间。
可选地，所述摆动件通过铰接轴可转动的连接在所述第一节臂架上，所述弹性件位于所述摆动件的第一端与所述第一节臂架之间，或者所述弹性件位于所述铰接轴上，或者所述弹性件位于所述第一连接部与所述第二连接部之间。
可选地，所述第一连接部为锁块或者锁槽，所述第二连接部为锁钩，所述锁钩适于与所述锁块或者锁槽锁接；或者，所述第一连接部为锁钩，所述第二 连接部为锁块或者锁槽，所述锁钩适于与所述锁块或者锁槽锁接。
可选地，所述转台的回转中心线设在所述车身的中部或前部，所述多节臂架在折叠状态下，所述第一节臂架朝向所述车身的后端延伸，所述第二节臂架折叠在所述第一节臂架的上方。
可选地，所述多节臂架在折叠状态下，所述第一节臂架至第四节臂架折叠成R型，在垂直于车身长度方向的竖直投影面上，第三节臂架的投影与所述驾驶室的投影至少部分重叠。
可选地，所述多节臂架包括至少四节臂架，第四节臂架延伸至所述驾驶室上方。
根据本申请的技术方案，具有如下优点：
1.本申请提供的工程机械，通过设置锁止装置，使得多节臂架在展开过程中，只有当第二节臂架展开至预设角度后，第一节臂架才能展开，能够控制多节臂架的展开顺序，避免由于第一节臂架提前展开造成位于驾驶室上方的臂架和油缸撞向驾驶室，造成驾驶室损坏。
2.本申请提供的工程机械，所述锁止装置还包括弹性件，当所述摆动件处于所述锁定位置时，所述弹性件具有使所述摆动件朝向所述解锁位置转动的弹性力。弹性件的设置能够实现在第二节臂架展开至预设角度时自动实现对第一节臂架的解锁，无需人工额外操作，保证了施工的安全性。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述部分中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
本申请的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1为本申请的实施例中提供的工程机械的结构示意图；
图2为图1的A处的放大图。
其中，图1至图2中的附图标记与部件名称之间的对应关系为：
1、第一节臂架；2、第二节臂架；3、第三节臂架；4、第四节臂架；5、第五节臂架；6、第六节臂架；7、转台；8、驱动油缸；9、摆动件；91、第一 摆臂；92、第二摆臂；921、主体部；922、弯折部；93、锁钩；10、铰接轴；11、弹性件；12、支撑结构；121、锁块。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
此外，下面所描述的本申请不同实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互结合。
实施例
申请人在研发过程中发现，为了尽可能将臂架做长，有时需要将部分臂架延伸到驾驶室上方，充分利用驾驶室上方的空间。这种臂架折叠形式在展开过程中需要严格遵从一定的展开顺序，否则可能会导致位于驾驶室上方的臂架和油缸会撞向驾驶室，造成驾驶室损坏。
为此，本实施例的目的在于提供一种能够控制臂架展开顺序，从而避免驾驶室损坏的工程机械。具体的，工程机械可为泵车、消防车等。
在一个实施方式中，工程机械包括驾驶室、位于驾驶室后方的车身、设置 在车身上的转台7、依次铰接的多节臂架，其中，第一节臂架与转台铰接，且第一节臂架1由转台朝向车身的后端延伸，第二节臂架与第一节臂架铰接并折叠于第一节臂架的上方，第二节臂架至最末节臂架中的至少一节臂架延伸至驾驶室的上方，工程机械还包括锁止装置，锁止装置用于将第一节臂架锁定在车身上，且在第二节臂架展开至预设角度后，解除对第一节臂架的锁定，其中第二节臂架铰接在第一节臂架的尾端。具体的，预设角度可根据多次试验得出，例如预设角度可以为5°、10°、15°、30°、45°等，可以根据实际需要进行设置。
本实施方式提供的工程机械，通过设置锁止装置，使得多节臂架在展开过程中，只有当第二节臂架展开至预设角度后，第一节臂架才能展开，能够控制多节臂架的展开顺序，避免由于第一节臂架提前展开造成位于驾驶室上方的臂架和油缸撞向驾驶室，造成驾驶室损坏。
在上述实施方式的基础上，在一个优选的实施方式中，第一节臂架与第二节臂架之间设有驱动油缸8，驱动油缸8用于驱动第二节臂架相对第一节臂架转动，锁止装置包括支撑结构12、摆动件9。其中，支撑结构12设在车身上，用于支撑第一节臂架，支撑结构12上设有第一连接部；摆动件9可转动地设在第一节臂架上，摆动件9的第一端设在驱动油缸8与第一节臂架之间，摆动件9的第二端具有适于与第一连接部相配合的第二连接部，摆动件9具有使第二连接部与第一连接部相配合以使第一节臂架锁定的锁定位置、以及使第二连接部离开第一连接部的解锁位置。在本实施方式中，当第二节臂架未展开至预设角度时，也即驱动油缸8未运动到预设行程，此时，驱动油缸8将摆动件9的第一端压住，摆动件9不能相对第一节臂架转动，此时摆动件9的第二连接部与支撑结构12上的第一连接部相互配合，第一节臂架被锁定，不能展开；当第二节臂架展开至预设角度后，也即驱动油缸8运动到预设行程，此时驱动油缸8离开摆动件9的第一端，摆动件9能够相对第一节臂架转动，可通过人工手动转动摆动件9使第二连接部离开第一连接部，此时第一节臂架解除锁定，第一节臂架可展开。在一个可替换的实施方式中，可将摆动件9的第一端设在第二节臂架与第一节臂架之间，具体将摆动件9的第一端设在第二节臂架与第一节臂架之间且靠近第二节臂架与第一节臂架的铰接点处，并可在摆动件9的第一端设置一个压块，当第二节臂架展开一定角度后，松开压块。在另一 个可替换的实施方式中，将第一连接部设在车身上。
在另一个可替换的实施方式中，可通过在第一节臂架和第二节臂架之间设置角度传感器，工程机械包含控制系统，当角度传感器检测到第二节臂架相对第一节臂架的展开角度到达预设角度时，控制系统控制与第一节臂架相连的第一油缸动作，使第一节臂架展开。
在上述实施方式的基础上，在一个优选的实施方式中，锁止装置还包括弹性件11，当摆动件处于锁定位置时，弹性件11具有使摆动件9朝向解锁位置转动的弹性力。弹性件11的设置能够实现在第二节臂架展开至预设角度时自动实现对第一节臂架的解锁，无需人工额外操作，保证了施工的安全性。
具体的，弹性件可以是弹簧、弹块等，弹簧的具体形式可以为扭簧、拉簧、压簧等。
在上述实施方式的基础上，在一个优选的实施方式中，弹性件11位于摆动件9的第一端与第一节臂架之间，摆动件9的第一端位于驱动油缸8与第一节臂架之间。在该实施方式中，当第二节臂架未展开至预设角度时，驱动油缸8的缸体压在摆动件9的第一端处，使弹性件11发生变形，当第二节臂架展开至预设角度后，驱动油缸8的缸体离开摆动件9的第一端，此时弹性件11的弹性力释放，驱动摆动件9朝向解锁位置转动，因此，弹性件11的设置能够实现在第二节臂架展开至预设角度时自动实现对第一节臂架的解锁，无需人工额外操作，保证了施工的安全性。具体的，参考图2，当第二节臂架展开至预设角度后，弹性件11的弹性力释放，使摆动件9朝逆时针转动，在该实施方式中，弹性件11为弹簧，弹簧的具体形式为拉簧、压簧等。在其他可替换的实施方式中，摆动件9通过铰接轴10铰接在第一节臂架上，弹性件11位于铰接轴10上，具体可以是位于铰接轴10上的扭簧。在另一个可替换的实施方式中，弹性件11位于摆动件9的第一端与第一节臂架1之间，具体可以是位于摆动件9的第一端与第一节臂架1之间的压簧或拉簧。在另一个可替换的实施方式中，弹性件11位于第一连接部与第二连接部之间，具体为位于第一连接部与第二连接部之间的压簧或拉簧，弹性件可以是安装在第一连接部上，也可以安装在第二连接部上。
在上述实施方式的基础上，在一个优选的实施方式中，摆动件9包括第一 摆臂91、第二摆臂92，第一摆臂91与第二摆臂92的连接处通过铰接轴10与第一节臂架铰接，第二连接部设在第一摆臂91上，第二摆臂92包括主体部921、设在驱动油缸8与第一节臂架之间的弯折部922，弹性件11设在弯折部922与第一节臂架之间。在该实施方式中，进一步参考图2，第一摆臂91与主体部921的夹角为钝角，当摆动件9处于锁定位置时，第一摆臂91竖直设置，第二摆臂92的主体部921倾斜设置，第二摆臂92的弯折部922水平设置，弹性件11竖直的位于弯折部922和第一节臂架之间，当弯折部922位于驱动油缸8与第一节臂架之间时，弹性件11被压缩产生向上的弹性力，当驱动油缸8离开弯折部922时，弹性力释放，可分解为与主体部921相垂直的力，驱动摆动件9转动解锁。本实施方式的这种设置方式，能够很方便的安装设置弹性件11。在一个可替换的实施方式中，可使第一摆臂91和第二摆臂92均竖直设置，第一摆臂91和第二摆臂92处于同一直线上，在该实施方式中，可使摆动件9的第一端设置有斜面，将弹簧设在斜面与第一节臂架之间，弹簧倾斜设置。
在上述实施方式的基础上，在一个实施方式中，第一连接部为锁块121，第二连接部为锁钩93，锁钩93适于与锁块121锁接。在该实施方式中，第一连接部和第二连接部的结构均比较简单。在一个可替换的实施方式中，可使第一连接部为锁槽，第二连接部为锁钩，锁钩适于与锁槽锁接。在另一个可替换的实施方式中，第一连接部为锁钩93，第二连接部为锁块121或者锁槽，锁钩93适于与锁块121或者锁槽锁接。
在上述实施方式的基础上，在一个优选的实施方式中，如图1所示，转台7的回转中心线设在车身的中部或前部，需要说明的是，车身的前三分之一称为前部、中间三分之一称为中部、后面三分之一称为后部，多节臂架在折叠状态下，第一节臂架1朝向车身的后端延伸，第二节臂架2折叠在第一节臂架1的上方。
在一个实施方式中，如图1所示，转台7的回转中心线设在车身的中部，多节臂架在折叠状态下，第一节臂架1至第四节臂架4折叠成R型，在垂直于车身长度方向的竖直投影面上，第三节臂架3的投影与所述驾驶室的投影至少部分重叠。具体的第二节臂架2呈逆时针折叠在第一节臂架1的上方，第三 节臂架3呈逆时针折叠在第二节臂架2的下方，第四节臂架4呈逆时针折叠在第三节臂架3的上方。在该实施方式中，第一节臂架1展开即可朝前施工，与传统结构朝前施工时，臂架装置要旋转180°相比，可提升施工效率，由于在垂直于车身长度方向的竖直投影面上，第三节臂架3的投影与驾驶室的投影至少部分重叠，第二节臂架2和第三节臂架3的箱体在高度方向上空间很大，可以将第二节臂架2和第三节臂架3的箱体截面做得很高，有助于提升第二节臂架2和第三节臂架3的刚性和抗扭性。在其他可替换的实施方式中，也可将转台7的设在车身的前部，多节臂架在折叠状态下，第一节臂架1朝向车身的后端延伸，第二节臂架2折叠在第一节臂架1的上方，第一节臂架1至第四节臂架4折叠成R型。
在上述实施方式的基础上，在一个优选的实施方式中，多节臂架包括至少四节臂架，第四节臂架4延伸至驾驶室上方。在该实施方式中，能够充分利用驾驶室上方的空间，使得第四节臂架4的长度更长，或者使工程机械的长度缩短。
在上述实施方式的基础上，在一个优选的实施方式中，多节臂架包括至少五节臂架，多节臂架在折叠状态下，第四节臂架4与第五节臂架5的连接部位于车身的驾驶室上方。在该实施方式中，能够充分利用驾驶室上方的空间，使得第四节臂架4和第五节臂架5的长度更长，或者使工程机械的长度缩短。
如图1所示，多节臂架包括六节臂架，多节臂架在折叠状态下，第四节臂架4至第六节臂架6折叠成R型。如图1所示，多节臂架包括六节臂架，第二节臂架2呈逆时针折叠在第一节臂架1的上方，第三节臂架3呈逆时针折叠在第二节臂架2的下方，第四节臂架4呈逆时针折叠在第三节臂架3的上方，第五节臂架5呈顺时针折叠在第四节臂架4的上方，第六节臂架6呈顺时针折叠在第五节臂架5的下方。
显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例，而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本申请的保护范围之中。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种工程机械，其中，包括驾驶室、位于驾驶室后方的车身、设置在所述车身上的转台(7)、依次铰接的多节臂架，其中，第一节臂架(1)与转台铰接，且第一节臂架(1)由所述转台(7)朝向所述车身的后端延伸，第二节臂架(2)与第一节臂架(1)铰接并折叠于所述第一节臂架(1)的上方，第二节臂架(2)至最末节臂架中的至少一节臂架延伸至所述驾驶室的上方，所述工程机械还包括锁止装置，所述锁止装置用于将所述第一节臂架(1)锁定在所述车身上，且在所述第二节臂架(2)展开至预设角度后，解除对所述第一节臂架(1)的锁定。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的工程机械，其中，所述第一节臂架(1)与所述第二节臂架(2)之间设有驱动油缸(8)，所述驱动油缸(8)用于驱动所述第二节臂架(2)相对所述第一节臂架(1)转动，所述锁止装置包括：
    支撑结构(12)，设在所述车身上，用于支撑所述第一节臂架(1)，所述支撑结构(12)或者所述车身上设有第一连接部；
    摆动件(9)，可转动地设在所述第一节臂架(1)上，所述摆动件(9)的第一端设在所述驱动油缸(8)或者所述第二节臂架(2)与所述第一节臂架(1)之间，所述摆动件(9)的第二端具有适于与所述第一连接部相配合的第二连接部，所述摆动件(9)具有使所述第二连接部与所述第一连接部相配合以使所述第一节臂架锁定的锁定位置、以及使所述第二连接部离开所述第一连接部的解锁位置。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的工程机械，其中，所述锁止装置还包括弹性件(11)，当所述摆动件(9)处于所述锁定位置时，所述弹性件(11)具有使所述摆动件(9)朝向所述解锁位置转动的弹性力。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的工程机械，其中，所述弹性件(11)位于所述摆动件(9)的第一端与所述第一节臂架(1)之间，所述摆动件(9)的第一端位于所述驱动油缸(8)与所述第一节臂架(1)之间。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的工程机械，其中，所述摆动件(9)包括第一摆臂(91)、第二摆臂(92)，所述第一摆臂(91)与所述第二摆臂(92)的连接 处通过铰接轴与所述第一节臂架(1)铰接，所述第二连接部设在所述第一摆臂(91)上，所述第二摆臂(92)包括主体部(921)、设在所述驱动油缸(8)与所述第一节臂架(1)之间的弯折部(922)，所述弹性件(11)设在所述弯折部(922)与所述第一节臂架(1)之间。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的工程机械，其中，所述摆动件(9)通过铰接轴可转动的连接在所述第一节臂架上，所述弹性件(11)位于所述摆动件(9)的第一端与所述第一节臂架(1)之间，或者所述弹性件位于所述铰接轴上，或者所述弹性件位于所述第一连接部与所述第二连接部之间。
  7. 根据权利要求2至6中任一项所述的工程机械，其中，所述第一连接部为锁块(121)或者锁槽，所述第二连接部为锁钩(93)，所述锁钩(93)适于与所述锁块(121)或者锁槽锁接；或者，
    所述第一连接部为锁钩(93)，所述第二连接部为锁块(121)或者锁槽，所述锁钩(93)适于与所述锁块(121)或者锁槽锁接。
  8. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的工程机械，其中，所述转台(7)的回转中心线设在所述车身的中部或前部，所述多节臂架在折叠状态下，所述第一节臂架(1)朝向所述车身的后端延伸，所述第二节臂架(2)折叠在所述第一节臂架(1)的上方。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的工程机械，其中，所述多节臂架在折叠状态下，所述第一节臂架(1)至第四节臂架(4)折叠成R型，在垂直于车身长度方向的竖直投影面上，第三节臂架(3)的投影与所述驾驶室的投影至少部分重叠。
  10. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的工程机械，其中，所述多节臂架包括至少四节臂架，第四节臂架(4)延伸至所述驾驶室上方。
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