WO2022202922A1 - 軌道輪及びシャフト - Google Patents
軌道輪及びシャフト Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022202922A1 WO2022202922A1 PCT/JP2022/013650 JP2022013650W WO2022202922A1 WO 2022202922 A1 WO2022202922 A1 WO 2022202922A1 JP 2022013650 W JP2022013650 W JP 2022013650W WO 2022202922 A1 WO2022202922 A1 WO 2022202922A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- less
- bearing ring
- hardness
- mass
- Prior art date
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 185
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 185
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 55
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 38
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 25
- 238000005256 carbonitriding Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007545 Vickers hardness test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNTLIPZTSJSULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium molybdenum Chemical compound [Cr].[Mo] VNTLIPZTSJSULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
- C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
- C23C8/32—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
- F16C19/24—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for radial load mainly
- F16C19/26—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for radial load mainly with a single row of rollers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/38—Ball cages
- F16C33/44—Selection of substances
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
- F16C33/64—Special methods of manufacture
Definitions
- the present invention relates to bearing rings and shafts.
- Patent Document 1 A bearing ring is described in Japanese Patent No. 4423754 (Patent Document 1).
- the surface (raceway surface) is subjected to carbonitriding treatment and quenching.
- the bearing ring described in Patent Document 1 has improved surface fatigue resistance.
- a shaft is described in JP-A-2010-1521 (Patent Document 2).
- the shaft described in Patent Document 2 is a pinion shaft for a planetary gear mechanism.
- the surface (raceway surface) is subjected to carbonitriding treatment and quenching. As a result, the surface fatigue resistance of the shaft described in Patent Document 2 is improved.
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent No. 4800444
- Japanese Patent No. 4423754 JP 2010-1521 A Japanese Patent No. 4800444
- the present invention has been made in view of the problems of the prior art as described above. More specifically, the present invention provides bearing rings and shafts capable of improving surface fatigue resistance.
- the bearing ring according to the first aspect of the present invention has a surface that contacts a roller having a diameter of 1.5 mm or more and 4.0 mm or less and a value obtained by dividing the length by the diameter of 4 or more and 10 or less, and is made of steel. .
- the bearing ring has a surface layer portion on the surface and a core portion inside the surface layer portion.
- the nitrogen content in the steel in the surface layer is higher than the nitrogen content in the steel in the core.
- the hardness of the steel is 720 Hv or higher.
- a value obtained by subtracting the hardness of the steel at the second position from the hardness of the steel at the first position is 30 Hv or less.
- the content of carbon and the content of nitrogen in the steel on the surface are 0.6% by weight or more and 0.9% by weight or less and 0.3% by weight or more, respectively. It may be 0.8% by mass or less.
- the carbon content and nitrogen content in the steel in the surface layer may be higher than the nitrogen content and carbon content in the steel in the core, respectively.
- the carbon content in the steel in the core may be 0.15 mass percent or more and 0.4 mass percent or less.
- Steel may contain chromium, manganese, silicon and molybdenum.
- the content of chromium in the steel may be 0.5% by mass or more and 3.0% by mass or less.
- the total content of manganese, silicon and molybdenum may be 1.0% by mass or more and 3.0% by mass or less.
- the distance between the surface and the third position where the hardness of the steel is 653 Hv may be 0.25 mm or more and 0.60 mm or less.
- the amount of retained austenite in the steel in the core may be 3% by volume or less.
- the amount of retained austenite in the steel on the surface may be 25 volume percent or more and 40 volume percent or less.
- the shaft according to the second aspect of the present invention has a surface and is made of steel.
- the shaft has a skin portion on the surface and a core portion inside the skin portion.
- the diameter of the shaft is 6 mm or more and 30 mm or less.
- the nitrogen content in the steel in the surface layer is higher than the nitrogen content in the steel in the core.
- the hardness of the steel is 720 Hv or higher.
- a value obtained by subtracting the hardness of the steel at the second position from the hardness of the steel at the first position is 30 Hv or less.
- the carbon content and nitrogen content in the steel on the surface are 0.6 to 0.9 mass percent and 0.3 to 0.8 mass percent, respectively.
- the carbon content in the steel in the core is 0.15% by mass or more and 0.4% by mass or less.
- Steel contains chromium, manganese, silicon and molybdenum.
- the content of chromium in steel is 0.5% by mass or more and 3.0% by mass or less.
- the total content of manganese, silicon and molybdenum is 1.0% by mass or more and 3.0% by mass or less.
- the amount of retained austenite in the steel in the core may be 3% by volume or less.
- the amount of retained austenite in the steel on the surface may be 25 volume percent or more and 40 volume percent or less.
- the shaft according to the second aspect of the invention may be for a planetary reduction gear.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a rolling bearing 100;
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of bearing ring 10.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of shaft 40.
- Rolling bearing 100 is a needle roller bearing.
- the rolling bearing 100 is, for example, a rolling bearing used in an automobile transmission (eg, planetary reduction gear). However, the rolling bearing 100 can be used for applications other than automobile transmissions.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a rolling bearing 100.
- the rolling bearing 100 has a bearing ring 10 , a plurality of rollers 20 and a retainer 30 .
- Rolling bearing 100 is attached to shaft 40 .
- the bearing ring 10 is ring-shaped.
- the center axis of the bearing ring 10 is defined as a center axis A.
- the direction of the central axis A be the axial direction.
- a direction passing through the central axis A and perpendicular to the central axis A is defined as a radial direction.
- a direction along the circumference centered on the central axis A is defined as a circumferential direction.
- the bearing ring 10 has an end face 10a, an end face 10b, an inner peripheral face 10c, and an outer peripheral face 10d.
- the end surface 10 a , the end surface 10 b , the inner peripheral surface 10 c and the outer peripheral surface 10 d may be collectively referred to as the surface of the bearing ring 10 .
- the end face 10a and the end face 10b constitute end faces of the bearing ring 10 in the axial direction.
- the end surface 10b is the opposite surface of the end surface 10a in the axial direction.
- the inner peripheral surface 10c extends in the circumferential direction.
- the inner peripheral surface 10c faces the central axis A side.
- One axial end of the inner peripheral surface 10c continues to the end surface 10a.
- the other axial end of the inner peripheral surface 10c continues to the end surface 10b.
- the inner peripheral surface 10 c is the raceway surface of the bearing ring 10 . That is, the bearing ring 10 is in contact with the rollers 20 at the inner peripheral surface 10c.
- the outer peripheral surface 10d extends in the circumferential direction. 10 d of outer peripheral surfaces face the side opposite to the central axis A. As shown in FIG. That is, the outer peripheral surface 10d is the opposite surface of the inner peripheral surface 10c in the radial direction. One axial end of the outer peripheral surface 10d continues to the end surface 10a. The other axial end of the outer peripheral surface 10d continues to the end surface 10b.
- the bearing ring 10 is made of steel. More specifically, bearing ring 10 is made of steel that has been hardened and tempered. The steel forming bearing ring 10 contains chromium, manganese, silicon and molybdenum.
- the content of chromium in the steel forming the bearing ring 10 is preferably 0.5% by mass or more from the viewpoint of improving hardenability and improving surface fatigue resistance due to carbide precipitation.
- the content of chromium in the steel forming bearing ring 10 is preferably 3.0% by mass or less from the viewpoint of cost reduction of steel materials.
- the total content of manganese, silicon and molybdenum in the steel forming the bearing ring 10 should be 1.0% by mass or more from the viewpoint of improving hardenability and heat resistance. is preferred.
- the total content of manganese, silicon and molybdenum in the steel forming bearing ring 10 is preferably 3.0% by mass or less from the viewpoint of cost reduction of steel materials.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the bearing ring 10.
- bearing ring 10 has surface layer portion 11 and core portion 12 .
- the surface portion 11 is the portion of the bearing ring 10 that lies on the surface of the bearing ring 10 .
- the core portion 12 is the portion of the bearing ring 10 inside the surface layer portion 11 .
- the nitrogen content and carbon content in the steel in the surface layer portion 11 are greater than the nitrogen content and carbon content in the steel in the core portion 12, respectively. That is, the surface of the bearing ring 10 is carbonitrided.
- the nitrogen content and carbon content in the steel in the surface layer portion 11 decrease with increasing distance from the surface of the bearing ring 10 .
- the nitrogen content and carbon content in the steel in the core 12 are constant regardless of the position. Therefore, the nitrogen content and the carbon content in the steel are sequentially measured along the depth direction (the direction perpendicular to the surface of the bearing ring 10) from the surface of the bearing ring 10, and the measured nitrogen content
- the position where the amount and carbon content are constant is the boundary between the surface layer portion 11 and the core portion 12 .
- the carbon content in the steel in the surface layer portion 11 and the carbon content in the steel in the core portion 12 are The content is the same. Therefore, in this case, the nitrogen content in the steel is sequentially measured along the depth direction from the surface of the bearing ring 10, and the positions where the measured nitrogen content is constant are the surface layer portion 11 and the core portion 12. becomes a boundary with
- the nitrogen content in the steel on the surface of the bearing ring 10 is preferably 0.3% by mass or more from the viewpoint of improving resistance to temper softening and improving surface fatigue resistance due to an increase in the amount of retained austenite.
- the nitrogen content in the steel on the surface of bearing ring 10 is preferably 0.8% by mass or less from the viewpoint of suppressing a decrease in hardness due to an excessive amount of retained austenite.
- the carbon content in the steel on the surface of bearing ring 10 is preferably 0.6% by mass or more and 0.9% by mass or less.
- the carbon content in the steel in the core portion 12 (that is, the carbon content in the steel before carburizing treatment is performed) is 0 from the viewpoint of improving workability and ensuring strength by reducing the amount of retained austenite. 0.15 mass percent or more and 0.40 mass percent or less.
- the rest of the steel forming the bearing ring 10 is iron and unavoidable impurities.
- the content of each component in the steel forming the bearing ring 10 is measured using an EPMA (Electron Probe Micro Analyzer).
- the bearing ring 10 is preferably made of the first steel material, the second steel material, or the third steel material having the composition shown in Table 1.
- the first steel material corresponds to SCM420, which is chromium molybdenum steel specified in JIS standards (JIS G 4053:2016).
- the bearing ring 10 may be made of the fourth steel material having the composition shown in Table 1.
- the third steel material corresponds to SUJ2, which is a high-carbon chromium bearing steel specified in the JIS standard (JIS G 4805:2018).
- the position at which the distance from the surface of the bearing ring 10 is 0.05 mm is defined as position P1.
- the position at which the distance from the surface of bearing ring 10 is 0.20 mm is defined as position P2.
- the hardness of the steel at positions P1 and P2 is 720 Hv or higher.
- the hardness of the steel at position P1 is greater than the hardness of the steel at position P2.
- a value obtained by subtracting the hardness of the steel at the position P2 from the hardness of the steel at the position P1 is preferably 30 Hv or less.
- Position P3 is farther from the surface of bearing ring 10 than position P2. More specifically, the distance between the surface of bearing ring 10 and position P3 is preferably 0.25 mm or more and 0.6 mm or less.
- the hardness of the steel forming the bearing ring 10 is measured by the Vickers hardness test method stipulated in the JIS standard (JIS Z 2245:2009).
- the amount of retained austenite in the steel on the surface of bearing ring 10 is preferably 25 volume percent or more and 40 volume percent or less. More preferably, the amount of retained austenite in the steel on the surface of bearing ring 10 is 30 volume percent or more and 35 volume percent or less. The amount of retained austenite in the steel in the core 12 is preferably 3% by volume or less.
- the amount of retained austenite in steel is measured by the X-ray diffraction method. More specifically, the amount of retained austenite in the steel is measured by comparing the integrated intensity of the X-ray diffraction peaks of the austenite in the steel and the integrated intensity of the X-ray diffraction peaks of other phases in the steel. .
- the rollers 20 are needle rollers.
- the rollers 20 extend axially.
- the roller 20 has an end surface 20a, an end surface 20b, and an outer peripheral surface 20c.
- the end face 20a and the end face 20b are end faces in the axial direction.
- the end surface 20b is the opposite surface of the end surface 20a in the axial direction.
- the outer peripheral surface 20c extends in the circumferential direction. One axial end of the outer peripheral surface 20c continues to the end surface 20a. The other axial end of the outer peripheral surface 20c continues to the end surface 20b.
- the roller 20 is in contact with the inner peripheral surface 10c at the outer peripheral surface 20c.
- a plurality of 20 are arranged along the circumferential direction.
- the roller 20 is in contact with the shaft 40 at the outer peripheral surface 20c. Thereby, the rolling bearing 100 rotatably supports the shaft 40 around the central axis A. As shown in FIG.
- the diameter of the roller 20 is 1.5 mm or more and 4.0 mm or less. A value obtained by dividing the length of the roller 20 by the diameter of the roller 20 is 4 or more and 10 or less.
- the length of the roller 20 is the length in the axial direction, that is, the distance between the end face 20a and the end face 20b.
- the rollers 20 are made of steel, for example.
- the steel forming the rollers 20 may be the same as the steel forming the bearing ring 10 or may be different from the steel forming the bearing ring 10 .
- Cage 30 is arranged between bearing ring 10 and shaft 40 . Cage 30 holds a plurality of rollers 20 . Thereby, the interval between two rollers 20 adjacent in the circumferential direction is kept within a certain range.
- the shaft 40 extends axially.
- the diameter of the shaft 40 is 6 mm or more and 30 mm or less.
- the shaft 40 has an outer peripheral surface 40a.
- the outer peripheral surface 40a extends in the circumferential direction.
- the shaft 40 is in contact with the rollers 20 at the outer peripheral surface 40a. That is, the outer peripheral surface 40 a is the raceway surface of the shaft 40 .
- the shaft 40 is made of hardened and tempered steel.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the shaft 40.
- the shaft 40 has a surface layer portion 41 and a core portion 42 .
- the surface layer portion 41 is the portion of the shaft 40 on the outer peripheral surface 40a.
- the core portion 42 is the portion of the shaft 40 inside the surface portion 41 .
- the nitrogen content and carbon content in the steel in the surface layer portion 41 are respectively greater than the nitrogen content and carbon content in the steel in the core portion 42 . That is, carbonitriding treatment is performed on the outer peripheral surface 40a.
- the outer peripheral surface 40a does not have to be carburized.
- the carbon content in the steel in the surface layer portion 41 is the same as the carbon content in the steel in the core portion 42 .
- the steel that constitutes the shaft 40 contains chromium, manganese, silicon, and molybdenum.
- the content of chromium in the steel forming shaft 40 is preferably 0.5% by mass or more and 3.0% by mass or less.
- the total content of manganese, silicon and molybdenum in the steel forming the shaft 40 is preferably 1.0% by mass or more and 3.0% by mass or less.
- the carbon content in the steel on the outer peripheral surface 40a is preferably 0.6% by mass or more and 0.9% by mass or less.
- the carbon content in the steel in the core 42 is preferably 0.15% by mass or more and 0.40% by mass or less.
- the nitrogen content in the steel on the outer peripheral surface 40a is preferably 0.3% by mass or more and 0.8% by mass or less.
- the remainder of the steel that makes up shaft 40 is iron and incidental impurities.
- the shaft 40 is preferably made of the first steel material, the second steel material, or the third steel material.
- the shaft 40 may be made of the fourth steel material.
- a position P4 is a position at a distance of 0.05 mm from the outer peripheral surface 40a.
- a position at a distance of 0.20 mm from the outer peripheral surface 40a is defined as a position P5.
- the hardness of the steel at positions P4 and P5 is 720 Hv or higher.
- the hardness of the steel at position P4 is greater than the hardness of steel at position P5.
- a value obtained by subtracting the hardness of the steel at the position P5 from the hardness of the steel at the position P4 is preferably 30 Hv or less.
- the position where the hardness of steel is 653Hv is defined as position P6.
- the position P6 is further away from the outer peripheral surface 40a than the position P5. More specifically, the distance between the surface of bearing ring 10 and position P3 is preferably 0.25 mm or more and 0.6 mm or less.
- the amount of retained austenite in the steel on the outer peripheral surface 40a is preferably 25 volume percent or more and 40 volume percent or less. More preferably, the amount of retained austenite in the steel on the outer peripheral surface 40a is 30 volume percent or more and 35 volume percent or less. The amount of retained austenite in the steel in core 42 is preferably 3% by volume or less.
- FIG. 4A to 4D are process diagrams showing a method of manufacturing the bearing ring 10.
- the method for manufacturing the bearing ring 10 includes a preparation step S1, a carbonitriding step S2, a quenching step S3, a tempering step S4, and a post-treatment step S5.
- the carbonitriding step S2 is performed after the preparatory step S1.
- the quenching step S3 is performed after the carbonitriding step S2.
- the tempering step S4 is performed after the hardening step S3.
- the post-treatment step S5 is performed after the tempering step S4.
- members to be processed are prepared.
- the member to be processed is ring-shaped.
- the member to be processed is prepared by, for example, performing machining such as forging and turning to form a cast material into a shape similar to the bearing ring 10 .
- carbonitriding treatment is performed on the surface of the member to be processed.
- the carbo-nitriding treatment is performed by holding the member to be processed at a predetermined heat treatment temperature in a heat treatment gas.
- a heat treatment gas for example, an endothermic modified gas (RX gas) to which a nitrogen source gas (for example, ammonia gas) is added is used.
- the predetermined heat treatment temperature is, for example, a temperature equal to or higher than the A1 transformation point of steel forming the member to be processed. Only the carbonitriding process may be performed instead of the carbonitriding step S2.
- the carbon content and nitrogen content in the steel on the surface of the bearing ring 10 and the depth of the surface layer portion 11 can be adjusted by the carbon potential and nitrogen potential in the heat treatment gas and the holding time.
- the member to be processed is quenched.
- the member to be processed is held at a temperature equal to or higher than the A1 transformation point of the steel constituting the member to be processed, and then rapidly cooled to a temperature equal to or lower than the MS transformation point of the steel constituting the member to be processed.
- Rapid cooling of the member to be processed is performed, for example, by water cooling or oil cooling.
- the member to be processed is tempered. Tempering is carried out by holding the workpiece at a temperature below the A1 transformation point of the steel from which the workpiece is constructed.
- post-processing step S5 post-processing is performed on the member to be processed. This post-treatment includes machining (grinding, polishing, etc.) and cleaning of the surface of the member to be processed. As described above, the bearing ring 10 having the structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is manufactured.
- the method for manufacturing the shaft 40 like the method for manufacturing the bearing ring 10, includes a preparation step S1, a carbonitriding step S2, a quenching step S3, a tempering step S4, and a post-treatment step S5.
- the method for manufacturing the shaft 40 differs from the method for manufacturing the bearing ring 10 in the shape of the member to be processed prepared in the preparation step S1.
- Rolling bearings used in automobile transmissions are used in conditions where sufficient oil film is not formed between the raceway surface and the roller surface due to the reduction in the viscosity of lubricating oil and the reduction in the amount of lubricating oil supplied to improve fuel efficiency.
- in a needle roller bearing since the rollers are long and narrow, it is difficult to ensure the machining accuracy of the surfaces of the rollers. As a result, in the needle roller bearing, fatigue fracture is likely to occur on the roller surface and the raceway surface due to metallic contact with the surface of the raceway surface.
- the maximum contact surface pressure between the raceway surface and the roller surface is usually about 3500 MPa. Therefore, the maximum shear stress due to contact with the surface of the raceway surface is applied to positions up to a maximum distance of about 0.10 mm from the raceway surface. This maximum shear stress affects the surface fatigue resistance of the bearing ring.
- the steel hardness at position P1 and the steel hardness at position P2 are 720 Hv or more. Further, in bearing ring 10, the value obtained by subtracting the hardness of steel at position P2 from the hardness of steel at position P1 is 30 Hv or less. Thus, in the bearing ring 10, the hardness of the steel is sufficiently secured in the vicinity of the position where the maximum shear stress occurs, and the uniformity of the hardness distribution is high, so the surface fatigue resistance is improved. ing.
- the distance from the surface of the bearing ring 10 to the position P3 is set to 0.25 mm or more and 0.60 mm or less, the penetration depth of carbon and nitrogen will be shortened. Therefore, by setting the distance between the position P3 and the surface of the bearing ring 10 to 0.25 mm or more and 0.60 mm or less, the manufacturing cost can be reduced by shortening the carbonitriding step S2.
- the amount of retained austenite in the steel in the core portion 12 is 3% by volume or less, it is possible to suppress changes over time in the bearing ring 10 due to creep of retained austenite.
- the amount of retained austenite in the steel on the surface of bearing ring 10 is 25 volume percent or more and 40 volume percent or less, hard foreign matter (such as abrasion powder) is caught and formed on the surface of bearing ring 10. Since fatigue flaking originating from indentations is suppressed, surface fatigue resistance is further improved.
- the hardness of the steel at the position P4 and the hardness of the steel at the position P5 are 720 Hv or more, and the value obtained by subtracting the hardness of the steel at the position P5 from the hardness of the steel at the position P4 is 30 Hv or less. Therefore, surface fatigue resistance is improved.
- the production cost can be reduced by shortening the carbonitriding step S2.
- the amount of retained austenite in the steel in the core portion 42 is 3% by volume or less, it is possible to suppress changes over time of the shaft 40 (more specifically, bending of the shaft 40) due to creep of retained austenite.
- the amount of retained austenite in the steel on the outer peripheral surface 40a is 25 volume percent or more and 40 volume percent or less, fatigue flaking starting from indentations formed on the outer peripheral surface 40a due to being bitten by hard foreign matter is suppressed. Therefore, the surface fatigue resistance is further improved.
- Example 2 A rolling contact fatigue test was conducted to confirm the effect of the shaft 40 .
- the diameter of the roller 20 was set to 4 mm and the length of the roller 20 was set to 19 mm.
- Samples 1 to 4 as shown in Table 2, were prepared as samples of the shaft 40 in the rolling contact fatigue test.
- Sample 1 was made of No. 4 steel.
- Sample 2 was formed from the second steel material.
- Sample 3 was formed from the third steel material.
- Sample 4 was formed from the first steel material.
- Tempering for samples 1 and 2 was performed by holding at 180°C. Tempering for sample 3 was done by holding at 160°C. Tempering for sample 4 was done with a hold at 170°C. Sample 1 was only subjected to nitriding treatment. Samples 2 to 4 were subjected to carbonitriding treatment.
- the carbon content and nitrogen content in the steel on the outer peripheral surface 40a were 1.0% by mass and 0.13% by mass, respectively.
- the carbon content and nitrogen content in the steel on the outer peripheral surface 40a were 0.80 mass percent and 0.45 mass percent, respectively.
- the carbon content and nitrogen content in the steel on the outer peripheral surface 40a were 0.65 mass percent and 0.55 mass percent, respectively.
- the carbon content and nitrogen content in the steel on the outer peripheral surface 40a were 0.75 mass percent and 0.55 mass percent, respectively.
- the amount of retained austenite in the steel in the core 42 was 13% by volume. In sample 2, the amount of retained austenite in the steel in core 42 was 2 percent by volume. In sample 3, the amount of retained austenite in the steel in core 42 was 4 percent by volume. In sample 4, the amount of retained austenite in the steel in core 42 was 2 volume percent.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the distance from the outer peripheral surface 40a and the hardness of steel in samples 1 to 4.
- the steel hardness at position P4 is 756 Hv
- the steel hardness at position P5 is 751 Hv
- the distance from outer peripheral surface 40a to position P6 is 0.6 mm. had exceeded.
- the steel hardness at position P4 was 742 Hv
- the steel hardness at position P5 was 701 Hv
- the distance from outer peripheral surface 40a to position P6 was 0.48 mm.
- the steel hardness at position P4 was 740 Hv
- the steel hardness at position P5 was 732 Hv
- the distance from the outer peripheral surface 40a to position P6 was 0.55 mm
- the steel hardness at position P4 was 733 Hv
- the steel hardness at position P5 was 723 Hv
- the distance from outer peripheral surface 40a to position P6 was 0.39 mm.
- the rolling contact fatigue life (L10 life) of Samples 1 , 3 and 4 was evaluated by multiplying the rolling contact fatigue life of Sample 2.
- the rolling contact fatigue life of sample 1 was 3.52 times the rolling contact fatigue life of sample 2.
- the rolling contact fatigue life of sample 3 was 7.89 times the rolling contact fatigue life of sample 2.
- the rolling contact fatigue life of sample 4 was 3.90 times the rolling contact fatigue life of sample 2.
- the condition A1 is that the hardness of the steel at the position P4 and the hardness of the steel at the position P5 are 720 Hv or more.
- a condition A2 is that the value obtained by subtracting the hardness of the steel at the position P5 from the hardness of the steel at the position P4 is 30 Hv or more.
- a condition B is that the distance between the outer peripheral surface 40a and the position P6 is 0.25 mm or more and 0.60 mm or less.
- Sample 2 did not meet conditions A1 and A2.
- Sample 1 and Sample 3 satisfied condition A1 and condition A2. From this comparison, it was experimentally clarified that the surface fatigue resistance of the shaft 40 is improved by satisfying the conditions A1 and A2.
- the bending amounts of samples 1, 3, and 4 were evaluated by multiplying the ratio of the bending amount of sample 2.
- the amount of bending of sample 1 was 4.33 times the amount of bending of sample 2.
- the amount of bending of sample 3 was 2.66 times the amount of bending of sample 2.
- the amount of bending of sample 4 was 1.00 times the amount of bending of sample 2.
- condition C is that the amount of retained austenite in the steel in the core portion 42 is 3% by volume or less.
- Condition C was satisfied in samples 2 and 4, but condition C was not satisfied in samples 1 and 3. From this comparison, it was experimentally clarified that the deformation (bending) of the shaft 40 is suppressed when the condition C is satisfied.
- 10 bearing ring 10a, 10b end surface, 10c inner peripheral surface, 10d outer peripheral surface, 11 surface layer portion, 12 core portion, 20 rollers, 20a, 20b end surface, 20c outer peripheral surface, 30 retainer, 40 shaft, 40a outer peripheral surface, 41 Surface layer part, 42 core part, 100 rolling bearing, A center shaft, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6 position, S1 preparation process, S2 carbonitriding process, S3 quenching process, S4 tempering process, S5 post-treatment process .
Abstract
Description
図1は、転がり軸受100の断面図である。図1に示されるように、転がり軸受100は、軌道輪10と、複数のころ20と、保持器30とを有している。転がり軸受100はシャフト40に取り付けられている。
図4は、軌道輪10の製造方法を示す工程図である。図4に示されるように、軌道輪10の製造方法は、準備工程S1と、浸炭浸窒工程S2と、焼入れ工程S3と、焼戻し工程S4と、後処理工程S5とを有している。浸炭浸窒工程S2は、準備工程S1の後に行われる。焼入れ工程S3は、浸炭浸窒工程S2の後に行われる。焼戻し工程S4は、焼入れ工程S3の後に行われる。後処理工程S5は、焼戻し工程S4の後に行われる。
シャフト40の製造方法は、軌道輪10の製造方法と同様に、準備工程S1と、浸炭浸窒工程S2と、焼入れ工程S3と、焼戻し工程S4と、後処理工程S5とを有している。但し、シャフト40の製造方法は、準備工程S1において準備される加工対象部材の形状が、軌道輪10の製造方法と異なっている。
自動車の変速機に使用される転がり軸受は、燃費向上のための潤滑油の低粘度化や潤滑油の供給量の減少により軌道面ところの表面との間に十分な油膜が形成されない状態で使用されることがある。特に、針状ころ軸受では、ころが細長い形状であり、ころの表面における加工精度が確保しにくいため、軌道面ところの表面との間に油膜が形成されにくくなる。その結果、針状ころ軸受では、軌道面ところの表面との金属接触により、ころの表面及び軌道面において疲労破壊が生じやすい。
シャフト40では、位置P4における鋼の硬さ及び位置P5における鋼の硬さが720Hv以上であり、かつ位置P4における鋼の硬さから位置P5における鋼の硬さを減じた値が30Hv以下であるため、耐表面疲労特性が改善されている。
シャフト40の効果を確認するために、転動疲労試験を行った。転動疲労試験では、ころ20の直径が4mmとされ、ころ20の長さが19mmとされた。転動疲労試験では、シャフト40のサンプルとして、表2に示されるように、サンプル1~サンプル4が準備された。サンプル1は、第4鋼材により形成された。サンプル2は、第2鋼材により形成された。サンプル3は、第3鋼材により形成された。サンプル4は、第1鋼材により形成された。
Claims (9)
- 直径が1.5mm以上4.0mm以下かつ長さを前記直径で除した値が4以上10以下のころに接触する表面を有する鋼製の軌道輪であって、
前記表面にある表層部と、
前記表層部の内側にある芯部とを備え、
前記表層部にある前記鋼中の窒素の含有量は、前記芯部にある前記鋼中の窒素の含有量よりも高く、
前記表面からの距離が0.05mmとなる第1位置及び前記表面からの距離が0.20mmとなる第2位置において、前記鋼の硬さは、720Hv以上であり、
前記第1位置における前記鋼の硬さから前記第2位置における前記鋼の硬さを減じた値は、30Hv以下である、軌道輪。 - 前記表面にある前記鋼中の炭素の含有量及び窒素の含有量は、それぞれ、0.6重量パーセント以上0.9質量パーセント以下及び0.3質量パーセント以上0.8質量パーセント以下であり、
前記表層部にある前記鋼中の炭素の含有量及び窒素の含有量は、それぞれ、前記芯部にある前記鋼中の窒素の含有量及び炭素の含有量よりも高く、
前記芯部にある前記鋼中の炭素含有量は、0.15質量パーセント以上0.4質量パーセント以下であり、
前記鋼は、クロムと、マンガンと、シリコンと、モリブデンとを含有しており、
前記鋼中において、クロムの含有量は、0.5質量パーセント以上3.0質量パーセント以下であり、
前記鋼中において、マンガンの含有量、シリコンの含有量及びモリブデンの含有量の合計は、1.0質量パーセント以上3.0質量パーセント以下であり、
前記表面と前記鋼の硬さが653Hvとなる第3位置との間の距離は、0.25mm以上0.60mm以下である、請求項1に記載の軌道輪。 - 前記芯部にある前記鋼中の残留オーステナイト量は、3体積パーセント以下である、請求項2に記載の軌道輪。
- 前記表面にある前記鋼中の残留オーステナイト量は、25体積パーセント以上40体積パーセント以下である、請求項1~請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の軌道輪。
- 表面を有する鋼製のシャフトであって、
前記表面にある表層部と、
前記表層部の内側にある芯部とを備え、
前記シャフトの直径は、6mm以上30mm以下であり、
前記表面からの距離が0.05mmとなる第1位置及び前記表面からの距離が0.20mmとなる第2位置において、前記鋼の硬さは、720Hv以上であり、
前記第1位置における前記鋼の硬さから前記第2位置における前記鋼の硬さを減じた値は、30Hv以下である、シャフト。 - 前記表面にある前記鋼中の炭素の含有量及び窒素の含有量は、それぞれ、0.6重量パーセント以上0.9質量パーセント以下及び0.3質量パーセント以上0.8質量パーセント以下であり、
前記表層部にある前記鋼中の窒素の含有量及び炭素の含有量は、それぞれ、前記芯部にある前記鋼中の窒素含有量及び炭素含有量よりも高く、
前記芯部にある前記鋼中の炭素の含有量は、0.15質量パーセント以上0.4質量パーセント以下であり、
前記鋼は、クロムと、マンガンと、シリコンと、モリブデンとを含有しており、
前記鋼中において、クロムの含有量は、0.5質量パーセント以上3.0質量パーセント以下であり、
前記鋼中において、マンガンの含有量、シリコンの含有量及びモリブデンの含有量の合計は、1.0質量パーセント以上3.0質量パーセント以下であり、
前記表面と前記鋼の硬さが653Hvとなる第3位置との間の距離は、0.25mm以上0.60mm以下である、請求項5に記載のシャフト。 - 前記芯部にある前記鋼中の残留オーステナイト量は、3体積パーセント以下である、請求項5又は請求項6に記載のシャフト。
- 前記表面にある前記鋼中の残留オーステナイト量は、25体積パーセント以上40体積パーセント以下である、請求項5~請求項7のいずれか1項に記載のシャフト。
- 前記シャフトは、遊星減速機用である、請求項5~請求項8のいずれか1項に記載のシャフト。
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