WO2022190830A1 - シリコンウェーハの洗浄方法、シリコンウェーハの製造方法及びシリコンウェーハ - Google Patents
シリコンウェーハの洗浄方法、シリコンウェーハの製造方法及びシリコンウェーハ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022190830A1 WO2022190830A1 PCT/JP2022/006823 JP2022006823W WO2022190830A1 WO 2022190830 A1 WO2022190830 A1 WO 2022190830A1 JP 2022006823 W JP2022006823 W JP 2022006823W WO 2022190830 A1 WO2022190830 A1 WO 2022190830A1
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 390
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 197
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 81
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 225
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 67
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 65
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- 235000019592 roughness Nutrition 0.000 description 27
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 21
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 8
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
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- QOSATHPSBFQAML-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen peroxide;hydrate Chemical compound O.OO QOSATHPSBFQAML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- IUVCFHHAEHNCFT-INIZCTEOSA-N 2-[(1s)-1-[4-amino-3-(3-fluoro-4-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl]ethyl]-6-fluoro-3-(3-fluorophenyl)chromen-4-one Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(OC(C)C)=CC=C1C(C1=C(N)N=CN=C11)=NN1[C@@H](C)C1=C(C=2C=C(F)C=CC=2)C(=O)C2=CC(F)=CC=C2O1 IUVCFHHAEHNCFT-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02002—Preparing wafers
- H01L21/02005—Preparing bulk and homogeneous wafers
- H01L21/02008—Multistep processes
- H01L21/0201—Specific process step
- H01L21/02016—Backside treatment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02041—Cleaning
- H01L21/02043—Cleaning before device manufacture, i.e. Begin-Of-Line process
- H01L21/02052—Wet cleaning only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02002—Preparing wafers
- H01L21/02005—Preparing bulk and homogeneous wafers
- H01L21/02008—Multistep processes
- H01L21/0201—Specific process step
- H01L21/02019—Chemical etching
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02002—Preparing wafers
- H01L21/02005—Preparing bulk and homogeneous wafers
- H01L21/02008—Multistep processes
- H01L21/0201—Specific process step
- H01L21/02024—Mirror polishing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02225—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer
- H01L21/02227—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a process other than a deposition process
- H01L21/0223—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a process other than a deposition process formation by oxidation, e.g. oxidation of the substrate
- H01L21/02233—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a process other than a deposition process formation by oxidation, e.g. oxidation of the substrate of the semiconductor substrate or a semiconductor layer
- H01L21/02236—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a process other than a deposition process formation by oxidation, e.g. oxidation of the substrate of the semiconductor substrate or a semiconductor layer group IV semiconductor
- H01L21/02238—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a process other than a deposition process formation by oxidation, e.g. oxidation of the substrate of the semiconductor substrate or a semiconductor layer group IV semiconductor silicon in uncombined form, i.e. pure silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/3105—After-treatment
- H01L21/311—Etching the insulating layers by chemical or physical means
- H01L21/31105—Etching inorganic layers
- H01L21/31111—Etching inorganic layers by chemical means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a silicon wafer cleaning method capable of roughening the front and back surfaces of a semiconductor silicon wafer, a silicon wafer cleaning method capable of roughening the front and back surfaces or the back surface of a semiconductor silicon wafer, and a silicon wafer manufacturing method.
- a method and a silicon wafer are examples of a silicon wafer cleaning method capable of roughening the front and back surfaces of a semiconductor silicon wafer.
- the manufacturing process of silicon wafers for semiconductor devices consists of a single crystal manufacturing process in which a single crystal ingot is grown using the Czochralski (CZ) method, etc., and a wafer processing process in which the single crystal ingot is sliced and processed into a mirror surface.
- CZ Czochralski
- it may include an annealing step for heat treatment and an epitaxial growth step for forming an epitaxial layer.
- the process of mirror-like processing includes a DSP (double-sided polishing) process and a subsequent CMP (single-sided polishing) process. More specifically, from the viewpoint of particle quality and transportation, the DSP-processed wafers are not dried, but are washed as necessary and then stored in water and transported to the CMP process. Therefore, in the CMP process, it is necessary to chuck the wafer stored in water by a robot or the like and transport it to the CMP apparatus. Also, after CMP polishing, similarly, it is necessary to chuck a wafer wet with an abrasive or pure water and transport it to a cleaning process as necessary.
- DSP double-sided polishing
- CMP single-sided polishing
- the wafer processing process it is essential to transport the wafer in a wet environment rather than a dry environment. Even if the chuck is released, the wafer is not detached, causing a transport failure. The reason for this is considered to be the roughness of the chucked wafer surface.
- the surface roughness of the wafer is poor, the contact area is reduced and the wafer is likely to be detached.
- the chucked surface is likely to form chuck marks in no small amount, degrading the quality, so the chucked surface is often the back surface of the silicon wafer. Therefore, from the viewpoint of reducing transportation defects, it is preferable that only the back surface of the silicon wafer is rough, and a method for manufacturing such a wafer is desired.
- RCA cleaning A common method for cleaning silicon wafers is called RCA cleaning.
- This RCA cleaning is a cleaning method in which SC1 (Standard Cleaning 1) cleaning, SC2 (Standard Cleaning 2) cleaning, and DHF (Diluted Hydrofluoric Acid) cleaning are combined according to the purpose.
- SC1 cleaning involves mixing ammonia water and hydrogen peroxide water in an arbitrary ratio, etching the surface of the silicon wafer with an alkaline cleaning liquid to lift off adhering particles, and further utilizing electrostatic repulsion between the silicon wafer and the particles. It is a cleaning method that removes particles while suppressing redeposition to silicon wafers.
- SC2 cleaning is a cleaning method for dissolving and removing metal impurities on the surface of a silicon wafer with a cleaning liquid in which hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide are mixed at an arbitrary ratio.
- DHF cleaning is a cleaning method for removing a chemical oxide film on the surface of a silicon wafer with dilute hydrofluoric acid.
- ozone water cleaning with strong oxidizing power is sometimes used to remove organic matter adhering to the silicon wafer surface and to form a chemical oxide film on the silicon wafer surface after DHF cleaning. Cleaning of silicon wafers is performed in combination with these cleaning methods depending on the purpose.
- SC1 cleaning involves etching, so it is generally known that the surface roughness of the wafer deteriorates after SC1 cleaning.
- the Sa (three-dimensional calculated average height) value obtained by an atomic force microscope (AFM) and the Haze value obtained by a particle counter are used as indices. be able to.
- Haze is expressed as so-called cloudiness and is widely used as an index of silicon surface roughness, and a high haze level indicates that the wafer surface is rough.
- Patent Document 1 a silicon wafer is washed with a dilute aqueous solution containing ammonium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide and water in a composition range of 1:1:5 to 1:1:2000 to form native oxide films of different thicknesses. method is described.
- Patent Document 2 describes that in SC1 cleaning, when the concentration of OH ⁇ ionized from ammonium hydroxide is high, Si is preferentially directly etched, resulting in deterioration of wafer surface roughness.
- JP-A-7-66195 JP 2011-82372 A JP-A-7-240394 JP-A-10-242107 JP-A-11-121419 Japanese translation of PCT publication No. 2012-523706
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and includes a cleaning method capable of roughening the front and back surfaces of a silicon wafer, a cleaning method capable of roughening the front and back surfaces or the back surface of a silicon wafer, and a cleaning method capable of roughening only one side surface. It is an object of the present invention to provide a silicon wafer manufacturing method capable of obtaining a silicon wafer which has been roughened to a high degree, and a silicon wafer capable of reducing transport failures during processing steps.
- the present invention provides a cleaning method for roughening a silicon wafer, comprising: forming an oxide film on the silicon wafer by SC1 cleaning, SC2 cleaning, or ozone water cleaning; a silicon wafer having the oxide film formed thereon, A diluted ammonium hydroxide aqueous solution having an ammonium hydroxide concentration of 0.051% by mass or less, or an ammonium hydroxide concentration of 0.051% by mass or less, a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 0.2% by mass or less, and the hydroxide A silicon wafer characterized in that the front and back surfaces of the silicon wafer are roughened by washing with an aqueous solution of either dilute aqueous solution containing ammonium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide, which is four times or less the concentration of ammonium.
- a cleaning method for roughening a silicon wafer, comprising: forming an oxide film on the silicon wafer by SC1 cleaning, SC2 cleaning, or ozone water cleaning; a silicon wafer having the oxide film formed thereon,
- the degree of roughening formed by the cleaning method of the present invention varies depending on the method of forming the oxide film, the concentration of ammonium hydroxide, or the concentration of ammonium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide, the cleaning temperature, and the cleaning time. It is effective to determine the relationship between these conditions and the degree of roughening.
- one surface of the silicon wafer cleaned by the silicon wafer cleaning method of the present invention is subjected to CMP polishing, and only the surface opposite to the one surface is selectively roughened.
- a method for manufacturing a silicon wafer characterized by obtaining a silicon wafer having a
- the silicon wafer is characterized by having a roughened surface having a roughness index Sa value of 0.3 nm or more and 5.5 nm or less measured with an atomic force microscope.
- the roughened surface exhibits roughness suitable for adsorption by a chuck, so it is possible to reduce transport defects during the processing process.
- the present invention provides a silicon wafer having a roughened surface with a roughness index Haze value of 50 ppm or more and 1900 ppm or less measured with a particle counter. .
- the roughened surface exhibits roughness suitable for adsorption by a chuck, so it is possible to reduce transport defects during the processing process.
- the surface opposite to the roughened surface is preferably a mirror surface.
- Such silicon wafers can demonstrate excellent quality.
- a cleaning method for roughening a silicon wafer comprising: a first cleaning step of forming an oxide film on the silicon wafer by SC1 cleaning, SC2 cleaning, or ozone water cleaning; a second cleaning step of roughening the front and back surfaces or the back surface of the silicon wafer by cleaning with either an aqueous solution containing ammonium hydroxide or an aqueous solution containing ammonium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide; There is provided a method for cleaning a silicon wafer, wherein the aqueous solution used in the second cleaning step has an etching selectivity of Si to SiO 2 of 95 or more.
- the etching selectivity ratio of Si to the SiO2 of the aqueous solution used in the second cleaning step is obtained from (etching amount of Si/etching amount of SiO2 ),
- the wafer for calculating the etching amount of Si using any one of a silicon wafer, an epitaxial wafer, or an SOI wafer with a bare surface without a native oxide film exposed,
- the wafer for calculating the etching amount of SiO 2 it is preferable to use a wafer with a silicon oxide film having a film thickness of 3 nm or more.
- the etching behavior for SiO 2 and Si can be evaluated with high accuracy.
- an etching amount of SiO 2 necessary for progress of roughening in the second cleaning step is calculated as a roughening etching amount
- the cleaning time of the second cleaning step is selected so that the etching amount of SiO 2 in the second cleaning step is equal to or greater than the roughening etching amount, and/or the first cleaning is performed before the second cleaning step.
- An additional cleaning step is added to thin the oxide film so that a part of the oxide film formed in the process remains, and the etching amount of SiO 2 in the additional cleaning step and the amount of SiO 2 in the second cleaning step are calculated. It is preferable to adjust the cleaning time so that the total of the etching amount and the roughening etching amount is equal to or greater than the roughening etching amount.
- the roughening of the present invention is performed by etching SiO2 by a predetermined amount during cleaning to expose Si to the surface. By calculating as, it is possible to advance the roughening more reliably.
- the relationship between the etching selectivity of Si to the SiO 2 and the cleaning time and the surface roughness is obtained, It is preferable to select the etching selectivity ratio of Si to SiO 2 and the cleaning time based on the obtained relationship and perform the second cleaning step.
- the degree of roughening formed by the cleaning method of the present invention varies depending on the method of forming the oxide film in the first cleaning step, the etching selectivity of Si to SiO 2 and the cleaning time. It is effective to obtain the relationship with the degree.
- one surface of a silicon wafer which has been cleaned by the method for cleaning a silicon wafer of the present invention and whose front and back surfaces have been roughened is subjected to CMP polishing, and only the surface opposite to the one surface is subjected to CMP polishing.
- a method for producing a silicon wafer characterized by obtaining a silicon wafer in which is selectively roughened.
- the removal amount of the CMP polishing can be set to be equal to or greater than the Si etching amount in the second cleaning step.
- the etching amount of Si in the second cleaning step can be set to be equal to or less than the removal amount of the CMP polishing.
- the front and back surfaces of the silicon wafer can be roughened.
- the method for producing a silicon wafer of the present invention it is possible to produce a wafer in which one surface is in a good surface condition and only the surface opposite to the one surface is selectively roughened. .
- the silicon wafer of the present invention can reduce transport defects during processing steps.
- the front and back surfaces or the back surface of the silicon wafer can be roughened.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing variation of haze with respect to cleaning time when NH 4 OH concentration, H 2 O 2 concentration, and cleaning time are changed.
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing an example of a second embodiment of the silicon wafer cleaning method of the present invention.
- Liquid composition NH4OH :H2O2: H2O 1 : 1 :10, 1:1:100, 1:1:1000, 1:0.01: It is the figure which showed the SEM image and Haze value after wash
- cleaning by 5 levels of 10 and 1:0.05:100. It is the graph which showed the Si etching amount of three levels of liquid composition NH4OH :H2O2: H2O 1 :1:10, 1:1:100, and 1:1:1000.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing SEM images, Haze values, and AFM Sa values after roughening with different oxide film types and Si/SiO 2 etching selectivity ratios. 4 is a graph showing variation of Haze with respect to cleaning time when roughening is performed by changing Si/SiO 2 etching selectivity and cleaning time. 5 is a graph showing the LLS quality after CMP polishing with a Si etching amount and a polishing allowance of 500 nm. It is a schematic side view showing a part of an example of the silicon wafer of the present invention.
- silicon wafers with rough surfaces to be chucked were required in order to reduce transport defects during the processing process.
- the present inventors investigated the etching behavior of silicon wafers using a cleaning solution consisting of ammonium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide solution, and water. (method of forming an oxide film), liquid composition (especially concentration of ammonium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide), cleaning temperature, and cleaning time.
- the ammonium hydroxide diluted aqueous solution having an ammonium hydroxide concentration of 0.051% by mass or less, or the ammonium hydroxide concentration being 0.051% by mass or less, Oxidation by washing with any diluted aqueous solution containing ammonium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide, in which the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 0.2% by mass or less and the concentration of ammonium hydroxide is 4 times or less.
- the film is roughened without being etched uniformly, and the degree of roughening is determined by the type of natural oxide film (method of forming the oxide film), liquid composition (especially ammonium hydroxide concentration and hydrogen peroxide concentration), cleaning
- the inventors have found that the temperature and washing time can be controlled to complete the present invention.
- the present inventors diligently studied the etching behavior using a cleaning solution consisting of ammonium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide solution, and water, particularly the difference in etching behavior between SiO 2 and Si. did.
- a cleaning solution consisting of ammonium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide solution, and water
- rapid etching occurs at places where Si is exposed, resulting in roughening, and
- the inventors have found that this roughening behavior can be adjusted by controlling the selectivity, and completed another aspect of the present invention.
- the present invention is a cleaning method for roughening a silicon wafer, forming an oxide film on the silicon wafer by SC1 cleaning, SC2 cleaning, or ozone water cleaning; a silicon wafer having the oxide film formed thereon, A diluted ammonium hydroxide aqueous solution having an ammonium hydroxide concentration of 0.051% by mass or less, or an ammonium hydroxide concentration of 0.051% by mass or less, a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 0.2% by mass or less, and the hydroxide A silicon wafer characterized in that the front and back surfaces of the silicon wafer are roughened by washing with an aqueous solution of either dilute aqueous solution containing ammonium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide, which is four times or less the concentration of ammonium. cleaning method.
- one surface of a silicon wafer cleaned by the method for cleaning a silicon wafer of the present invention is subjected to CMP polishing, and only the surface opposite to the one surface is selectively roughened.
- the present invention is characterized by a silicon wafer having a roughened surface with a roughness index Sa value of 0.3 nm or more and 5.5 nm or less measured with an atomic force microscope. It is a silicon wafer that
- the present invention also provides a silicon wafer characterized by having a roughened surface with a roughness index Haze value of 50 ppm or more and 1900 ppm or less measured with a particle counter.
- the present invention also provides a cleaning method for roughening a silicon wafer, comprising: a first cleaning step of forming an oxide film on the silicon wafer by SC1 cleaning, SC2 cleaning, or ozone water cleaning; a second cleaning step of roughening the front and back surfaces or the back surface of the silicon wafer by cleaning with either an aqueous solution containing ammonium hydroxide or an aqueous solution containing ammonium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide;
- the aqueous solution used in the second cleaning step has an etching selectivity ratio of Si to SiO 2 of 95 or more.
- one surface of a silicon wafer which has been cleaned by the method for cleaning a silicon wafer of the present invention and whose front and back surfaces have been roughened is subjected to CMP polishing, and only the surface opposite to the one surface is subjected to CMP polishing.
- a method for producing a silicon wafer characterized by obtaining a silicon wafer in which is selectively roughened.
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 only refer to the influence of surface roughness on the front and back surfaces of a wafer. Further, Patent Documents 3 to 6 also disclose techniques related to cleaning semiconductor substrates such as silicon wafers. No detailed study has been made on the type of oxide film, liquid composition, temperature and time.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing an example of the first embodiment of the silicon wafer cleaning method of the present invention.
- a silicon wafer whose front and back surfaces are to be roughened is prepared.
- the conductivity type or diameter of the wafer there are no restrictions on the conductivity type or diameter of the wafer, and examples thereof include wafers after DSP processing.
- an oxide film is formed on the silicon wafer by SC1 cleaning, SC2 cleaning, or ozone cleaning. If a natural oxide film is formed on the wafer before cleaning, it is preferable to remove it by HF cleaning in advance, and then perform the cleaning described above. This is because, in the present invention, the etching behavior differs depending on the type of oxide film, that is, the method of forming the oxide film, and the formed roughness varies. For example, an oxide film can be formed as it is on a bare surface wafer after DSP processing without HF cleaning. The cleaning conditions at this time may be general conditions for SC1, SC2, and ozone water cleaning.
- the time can be from 1 minute to 30 minutes.
- the ozone concentration can be 3 ppm to 25 ppm
- the cleaning temperature can be room temperature
- the cleaning time can be 1 minute to 30 minutes.
- the roughness formed in the present invention varies depending on the type of oxide film formed in S2 (method of forming the oxide film). Just do it.
- an ammonium hydroxide diluted aqueous solution having an ammonium hydroxide concentration of 0.051% by mass or less, or an ammonium hydroxide concentration of 0.051% by mass or less and a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 0.2% by mass % or less and not more than 4 times the ammonium hydroxide concentration, and washed with a dilute aqueous solution containing ammonium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide.
- the washing of the present invention can be efficiently performed in one batch by performing washing in S3 after washing in S2.
- the roughness formed by the present invention includes the presence or absence of an oxide film on the front and back surfaces of a silicon wafer, the type of oxide film (method of forming an oxide film), the liquid composition (concentration of ammonium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide), cleaning temperature, and in terms of cleaning time.
- the chemicals used were 28% by mass of ammonia water (NH 4 OH) and 30% by mass of hydrogen peroxide solution (H 2 O 2 ), each of which is also expressed in weight (wt) %.
- the mass % is the concentration expressed as a percentage by mass of the cleaning solution and the solute (ammonium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide) contained therein, and is also expressed as wt %.
- the bare surface washed with a liquid composition of 1:1:1000 is also slightly roughened, but the degree of roughening is smaller than that of the O3 oxide film surface. From these results, it can be seen that the deposition of oxide films on the front and back surfaces and the low composition of the SC1 solution are factors of roughening.
- the lower the liquid composition the higher the etching amount, which indicates that the lower the liquid composition, the more dominant the etching reaction.
- 4 and 5 show the results of examining the amount of Si etched with two levels of surface conditions, bare surface and O 3 oxide film surface, with a liquid composition of 1:1:1000. It can be seen that at 45° C., etching progresses only on the bare surface, and progresses only slightly on the O 3 oxide film surface.
- FIG. 6 shows the results of investigating the effects of the type of natural oxide film (method of forming the oxide film), liquid composition (concentration of ammonium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide), cleaning temperature, and cleaning time.
- the type of oxide film , SC1 liquid composition, cleaning temperature, , and the washing time various roughnesses are formed.
- the Sa value obtained from AFM also varies widely from 0.31 to 5.5 nm
- the Haze value also varies from 104 to 1871 ppm.
- the method of forming the oxide film, the concentration of ammonium hydroxide, or the concentration of ammonium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide, the cleaning temperature, and the cleaning time are evaluated in advance to evaluate the roughness after cleaning, and these conditions and the roughness after cleaning are evaluated.
- the cleaning conditions can be determined according to the desired roughness.
- the cleaning liquid having a liquid composition of 1:5:1000
- the haze value did not increase even after cleaning for 15 minutes, and the silicon wafer was not roughened. Therefore, hydrogen peroxide has the effect of inhibiting the progress of etching, and the weight concentration of the liquid composition 1:3:1000 is 0.025% by mass for NH 4 OH and 0.099% by mass for H 2 O 2 . Therefore, the H 2 O 2 weight concentration should be less than four times the NH 4 OH weight concentration.
- the cleaning method of the present invention is based on the etching action of ammonium hydroxide and the oxidizing action of aqueous hydrogen peroxide, the cleaning method for silicon wafers of the present invention is effective in such cases.
- the NH 4 OH weight concentration of the liquid composition 1:1:500 is 0.051% by mass, the NH 4 OH must be 0.051% by mass or less, and the liquid composition is changed within this range. It becomes possible to In the diluted ammonium hydroxide aqueous solution, the ammonium hydroxide NH 4 OH concentration is preferably 0.0051% by mass or more and 0.051% by mass or less.
- the ammonium hydroxide NH 4 OH concentration is preferably 0.0051% by mass or more and 0.051% by mass or less
- hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2 concentration is 0.0067 mass % or more and 0.2 mass % or less, and preferably 0.1 times or more and 4 times or less of the ammonium hydroxide concentration.
- oxide film species (oxide film formation method).
- a thermal oxide film with a thickness of 5 nm was produced in a dry oxygen atmosphere using a resistance heating furnace, and was washed under the conditions of 80° C./10 minutes using a liquid composition of 1:1:1000, but the haze value did not increase, and the SEM No roughened image was observed from the images. From this result, it is considered that the oxide film formed by SC1, SC2, or ozone water cleaning is optimal for roughening within the time when actual operation is possible.
- the thickness of the oxide film formed by cleaning is about 1 nm, the presence of an uneven and unstable layer called a structural transition layer at the interface between the silicon oxide film and silicon, and the oxide film thickness.
- a thermal oxide film of as little as 5 nm it is considered that the roughening that occurs during etching of the oxide film occurs from the vicinity of the structural transition layer at the interface between the silicon oxide film and silicon.
- etching of the oxide film did not proceed to the vicinity of the structural transition layer in the cleaning time of 10 minutes, and therefore roughening did not occur.
- the roughness changed depending on the type of natural oxide film.
- the ammonium hydroxide concentration or the ammonium hydroxide concentration and hydrogen peroxide concentration, the cleaning temperature and cleaning time, and the surface roughness after cleaning are determined in advance. It is more preferable to determine the relationship, select the ammonium hydroxide concentration or the ammonium hydroxide concentration and the hydrogen peroxide concentration, the cleaning temperature, and the cleaning time based on the determined relationship, and perform the cleaning.
- the AFM roughness index Sa value is 0.3 to 5.5 nm
- the particle counter Haze is 50 to 1871 ppm. can be changed.
- the surface roughness of the silicon wafer surface which is the device fabrication surface, is good.
- the cleaning method of the present invention is performed with a batch-type cleaning machine, both the front and back surfaces will be roughened. It is possible to produce wafers that are selectively roughened only on the surface of the With such a wafer, chuck failure does not occur even in a wet environment, and stable production is possible.
- FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing an example of the second embodiment of the silicon wafer cleaning method of the present invention.
- an oxide film is formed on the silicon wafer by SC1 cleaning, SC2 cleaning, or ozone cleaning (first cleaning step). If a natural oxide film is formed on the wafer before cleaning, it is preferable to perform the above first cleaning step after removing it by HF cleaning in advance. This is because, in the present invention, the etching behavior differs depending on the type of oxide film, that is, the method of forming the oxide film in the first cleaning step, and the formed roughness varies. For example, an oxide film can be formed as it is on a bare surface wafer after DSP processing without HF cleaning.
- the cleaning conditions at this time may be general conditions for SC1, SC2, and ozone water cleaning. This general condition can be, for example, the condition described in the first aspect.
- SA3 shown in FIG. 8 is an optional step that can be performed after the first cleaning step SA1 and before the second cleaning step SA2 described below. Step SA3 will be described later.
- the silicon wafer on which the oxide film was formed was treated with an aqueous solution containing ammonium hydroxide or a hydroxide with an etching selectivity ratio of Si to SiO2 (Si/ SiO2 etching selectivity) of 95 or more. Wash with any one of aqueous solutions containing ammonium and hydrogen peroxide (second washing step).
- the roughening phenomenon of the present invention is described in detail in terms of the etching behavior of Si and SiO2 . Details of the method for calculating the etching amounts of Si and SiO 2 will be described later.
- FIG . 9 shows SC1 composition (liquid composition NH 4 OH:H 2 O 2 :H 2 O), cleaning temperature and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) surface observation results and Haze values obtained with a particle counter after washing for different washing times are shown.
- the chemicals used were 28% by mass ammonia water (NH 4 OH) and 30% by mass hydrogen peroxide solution (H 2 O 2 ), each of which is also expressed in mass (wt) %.
- the mass % is the concentration expressed as a percentage by mass of the cleaning solution and the solute (ammonium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide) contained therein, and is also expressed as wt %.
- FIG. 9 also shows the etching selectivity ratio of Si to SiO 2 obtained by a calculation method to be described later.
- the degree of roughening is smaller than that of the O3 oxide film surface , and the oxide film is deposited on the surface and the Si/ SiO2 etching selectivity of the cleaning solution used in the second cleaning step SA2 is high.
- the oxide film formed in the first cleaning step SA1 is etched during the second cleaning step SA2, causing rapid etching of Si at locations where Si is locally exposed, resulting in roughening.
- the upper limit of the Si/SiO 2 etching selectivity of the aqueous solution used in the second cleaning step SA2 is not particularly limited, it can be set to 10,000, for example.
- the etching selectivity ratio of Si to SiO 2 of the aqueous solution used in the second cleaning step SA2 can be obtained from (etching amount of Si/etching amount of SiO 2 ).
- the etching amount of Si is determined by preparing a silicon wafer, an epitaxial wafer, or an SOI (Silicon on Insulator) wafer having no natural oxide film, that is, a bare surface without a natural oxide film, or an SOI (Silicon on Insulator) wafer. (an aqueous solution for calculating the Si/SiO 2 etching selectivity), the difference in film thickness before and after cleaning is measured, and this can be used as the etching amount.
- HF cleaning can be used to remove the natural oxide film. If a natural oxide film exists on the wafer, etching of Si does not occur until the natural oxide film is etched, and the etching amount of Si cannot be evaluated with high accuracy. In addition, the presence of the natural oxide film advances the above-described roughening phenomenon, roughening the wafer surface, which may affect the measurement value. , the wafer must have no native oxide film.
- the wafer to be used can be selected as appropriate based on the amount of etching. Since the thickness of a silicon wafer is generally about 775 ⁇ m, if the etching amount is at least 1 ⁇ m or more, the amount of change in thickness can be captured. For example, the thickness of the wafer measured by a general flatness measuring device can be used as an index, and the thickness of the wafer before and after cleaning can be used as the etching amount. Note that the measuring instrument is not particularly limited as long as it can measure the thickness of the wafer. For example, if the etching amount is several tens of nanometers, the amount of change in thickness is very small and it is difficult to grasp the amount of change, and it is not preferable to use the wafer thickness as an index.
- the etching amount is several tens of nm to several hundreds of nm
- an epitaxial wafer having an epitaxial thickness of several ⁇ m or an SOI wafer having a Si layer thickness of several tens of nm to several hundreds of nm on the surface side of the Si/SiO 2 /Si structure is used. It may be selected according to the necessary etching amount.
- film thickness measurement for example, in the case of an epitaxial wafer, the difference in film thickness is calculated by measuring the epitaxial thickness after washing by measuring the spreading resistance, using the difference in resistivity between the epilayer and sublayers. be able to. For example, spectroscopic ellipsometry can be used to measure the film thickness of an SOI wafer.
- the evaluation method is not particularly limited as long as the thickness of the epi layer and Si layer can be evaluated for both the epitaxial wafer and the SOI wafer.
- a wafer for calculating the etching amount of SiO 2 it is desirable to prepare a wafer having a silicon oxide film of 3 nm or more.
- the etching amount of SiO 2 can be calculated with high accuracy. If the film thickness is 3 nm or more, oxidizing species cannot diffuse in the oxide film and oxidation of silicon does not occur. Therefore, since only the etching of SiO 2 proceeds, the etching amount of SiO 2 can be calculated with high accuracy. Furthermore, the film thickness can also be measured with high accuracy.
- the film thickness of the silicon oxide film can be appropriately selected from the amount of etching, and the prepared wafer with the silicon oxide film is washed with an aqueous solution for calculating the Si/SiO 2 etching selectivity, and the film thickness difference before and after washing is calculated.
- spectroscopic ellipsometry can be used as a measurement technique.
- the etching selectivity ratio of Si to SiO2 is calculated from (etching amount of Si/etching amount of SiO2 ). Just calculate. Alternatively, the etching rate per unit time may be calculated, and the etching selectivity ratio of Si to SiO 2 may be calculated from (etching rate of Si/etching rate of SiO 2 ).
- this index is equal to or higher than a certain value, only Si is preferentially etched at a location where SiO 2 is etched and Si is exposed, so roughening progresses. Since the etching behavior of Si and SiO 2 changes depending on the cleaning temperature, the Si/SiO 2 selection ratio is obtained for each composition and cleaning temperature to ensure that the roughening proceeds under various conditions. can be done. As a result of investigation by the present inventors, it was found that the etching selectivity of Si/ SiO2 was 95 or more because the roughening progressed with a cleaning liquid having a selectivity of 95 (for example, a liquid composition of 1:1:1000 and a cleaning condition of 45°C). must be.
- a cleaning liquid having a selectivity of 95 for example, a liquid composition of 1:1:1000 and a cleaning condition of 45°C.
- the Si etching amount is the largest in the aqueous solution with a liquid composition of 1:1:1000, and the SiO2 etching amount is small in the aqueous solution with a liquid composition of 1:1:1000. It can be seen that the Si/SiO 2 etching selectivity ratio is high in the aqueous solution with a composition of 1:1:1000.
- the roughening of the present invention progresses by etching the native oxide film during cleaning and causing rapid etching of Si at locations where Si is exposed.
- roughening can be promoted by etching the amount of SiO 2 necessary for exposing Si when cleaning with a cleaning solution having a selection ratio of 95 or more. Therefore, the etching amount of SiO 2 required for roughening in the second cleaning step SA2 is obtained as a roughening etching amount for each method of forming an oxide film in the first cleaning step SA1.
- the cleaning time of the second cleaning step SA2 so that the etching amount of SiO 2 of is equal to or greater than the roughening etching amount, roughening can be more reliably performed, and the cleaning of the second cleaning step SA2 can be performed. Selection of conditions is also facilitated.
- Table 1 shows the result of cleaning the oxide film formed by SC1 cleaning or ozone cleaning in the first cleaning step SA1 with a cleaning solution having a high Si/SiO 2 etching selectivity (95 or more).
- the etching amount of SiO 2 was 0.14 nm or more in the second cleaning step SA2 of the second tank.
- the etching amount of SiO 2 was 0 in the second cleaning step SA2 of the second tank. Roughening progressed at 2 nm or more.
- the natural oxide film thickness is generally known to be 1 nm, and the reason why the etching amount, which is an index, is less than 1 nm is that the present invention uses a thermal oxide film that is very dense in the etching amount of SiO 2 and is difficult to etch. Because. By using the etching amount of the thermal oxide film as an index, the etching amount required for roughening can be grasped in advance as the roughening etching amount even when the oxide film type is different for each oxide film forming method in the first cleaning step SA1. Therefore, it is not necessary to calculate the etching amount for each type of oxide film, and cleaning conditions can be quickly selected.
- the oxide film formed in the first cleaning step SA1 is partially removed before the cleaning step of the second cleaning step SA2.
- An additional cleaning step SA3 for thinning is added, and the cleaning time is adjusted so that the sum of the etching amount of SiO 2 in the additional cleaning step and the etching amount of SiO 2 in the second cleaning step is greater than or equal to the roughening etching amount.
- an oxide film is formed in the first cleaning step SA1 of the first tank, an additional cleaning step SA3 for thinning the oxide film is performed in the second tank, and Si/SiO is formed in the second cleaning step SA2 of the third tank.
- 2 shows the results of determining the haze value and the degree of roughening of a wafer cleaned with a cleaning liquid having an etching selectivity of 95.
- the etching amount of SiO 2 may be adjusted by the cleaning temperature, cleaning time, and liquid composition in the second cleaning step SA2, or the etching amount of SiO 2 may be adjusted in the additional cleaning step SA3.
- the chemical solution used in the additional cleaning step SA3 is not particularly limited as long as it is a cleaning solution that thins the silicon oxide film, and examples thereof include an aqueous solution containing ammonium hydroxide and hydrofluoric acid.
- FIG. 13 shows the results of investigating the influence of the method of forming a natural oxide film (type of natural oxide film) and the Si/SiO 2 etching selectivity. Comparing the SEM images, it can be seen that various roughnesses are formed depending on the type of native oxide film, the Si/ SiO2 etching selectivity, and the cleaning time.
- the Haze value with a KLA particle counter SP3 is in the range of 88 to 1871 ppm, and the Sa value obtained by AFM varies from 0.31 to 5.5 nm.
- the method of forming an oxide film (kind of oxide film) in the first cleaning step and the roughening (surface roughness) after the second cleaning step with respect to the Si/ SiO2 etching selectivity were evaluated in advance, and these conditions and By determining the relationship with the surface roughness after the second cleaning process, the cleaning conditions can be determined according to the target roughness. For example, for each method of forming an oxide film in the first cleaning step SA1, the relationship between the etching selectivity of Si to SiO 2 , the cleaning time, and the surface roughness is obtained, and based on the obtained relationship, the etching of Si to SiO 2 is performed. It is preferable to select the selection ratio and the washing time and perform the second washing step.
- the reason why the magnitude relationship between the Haze value and the Sa value does not match is due to the method of detection of both, and it is possible to appropriately use necessary indices.
- the effect of the cleaning time as shown in FIG. 14, at two levels with different Si/SiO 2 etching selectivity ratios, the Haze value varies greatly depending on the cleaning time. It is also easy to form roughness.
- the roughening method of the present invention can be flexibly formed according to the type of oxide film formed in the first cleaning process (method of forming the oxide film in the first cleaning process), the Si/ SiO2 etching selectivity, and the cleaning time. The roughness can be varied, which is useful.
- the second cleaning step is performed using an aqueous solution having a SiO 2 etching amount of a predetermined value or more and a Si/SiO 2 etching selection ratio of 95 or more
- batch method and Roughening can be performed by either the single-wafer method or the method. It was found that the method can be appropriately selected in consideration of the wafer manufacturing process.
- the silicon wafer cleaning method of the present invention is performed in a batch type cleaning machine to roughen both the front and back surfaces of the silicon wafer, and then one side polishing such as CMP polishing is performed on one side (that is, the front side). , it is possible to produce wafers that are selectively roughened only on the side opposite to the one side (ie the back side).
- a wafer roughened with a cleaning solution having a Si/SiO 2 etching selectivity of 95 or more was subjected to CMP polishing with a polishing allowance of 500 nm, and a KLA particle counter SP5 was used to evaluate the LLS number greater than 19 nm at 19 nmUP.
- the number of LLS increased at a level where the etching amount of Si was large. This is because the amount of etching was large and the defects caused by the etching could not be removed by polishing.
- the amount of etching of Si was small, the number of LLS was very small and favorable.
- the LLS quality after CMP can be estimated by using the etching amount of Si as an index. Also, the LLS quality can be improved by increasing the removal amount of CMP at the level where the number of LLS is increased, and it is preferable to select the removal amount by CMP polishing based on the Si etching amount. As described above, since roughening occurs after SiO 2 is etched and Si is exposed, for example, when the cleaning time of the second cleaning step SA2 is set to 3 minutes, the time to start the progress of roughening is estimated to be 2 minutes. In some cases, the removal amount can be adjusted so as to be equal to or greater than the Si etching amount corresponding to one minute of cleaning time. With this, it is possible to reduce the machining allowance to the minimum required.
- the second cleaning step SA2 can be performed under the condition that the Si etching amount is small. can be selected as appropriate.
- polishing under such conditions even when the front and back surfaces are roughened by a batch method, it is possible to manufacture wafers having good surface LLS quality and having only the back surface selectively roughened. With such a wafer, chuck failure does not occur even in a wet environment, and stable production is possible.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic side view showing part of an example of the silicon wafer of the present invention.
- a silicon wafer 1 shown in FIG. 16 has a roughened surface 2 .
- the roughness index Sa value of the roughened surface 2 measured with an atomic force microscope is 0.3 nm or more and 5.5 nm or less.
- the roughness index Haze value of the roughened surface 2 measured with a particle counter is 50 ppm or more and 1900 ppm or less.
- the roughened surface 2 exhibits roughness suitable for adsorption by a chuck, it is possible to reduce transport failures during the processing process.
- the silicon wafer 1 having such a roughened surface 2 can be obtained by roughening the front and back surfaces of the silicon wafer by the silicon wafer cleaning method of the present invention.
- the silicon wafer 1 shown in FIG. 16 has a mirror surface 3 as the surface opposite to the roughened surface 2.
- a mirror surface 3 can be obtained by subjecting one side of the silicon wafer cleaned by the silicon wafer cleaning method of the present invention to one side polishing such as CMP polishing.
- the silicon wafer 1 shown in FIG. 16 has a mirror surface 3 in addition to the roughened surface 2, so it can exhibit excellent quality.
- the cleaning conditions can be determined based on this relationship. By selecting and cleaning, it is possible to manufacture wafers with the target roughness. In Example 7 as well, it was confirmed that the front and back surfaces of the wafer were roughened after 6 minutes of cleaning.
- Example 6 After CMP processing was performed on one side surface of the silicon wafer which was cleaned at the level of 1.5 minutes for the second tank cleaning time in Example 6, a chuck test was performed with a CMP polishing machine. A test was repeated 200 times in which the roughened surface (back surface) of the wafer stored in water opposite to the side subjected to CMP processing was chucked and the wafer was unchucked on the stage of the polishing machine. It was able to be transported without any defects.
- the cleaning conditions and results for Comparative Examples 2-6 are shown in Table 4 below.
- Comparative Example 6 There was no haze value exceeding 50 ppm in all of Comparative Examples 2-6. In Comparative Example 6, when the second tank was washed for 10 minutes, the haze value was slightly increased to 42 ppm, but it did not exceed 50 ppm, so it was judged that the surface was not roughened.
- NH 4 OH ammonia water
- H 2 O 2 hydrogen peroxide solution
- the amount of Si etched was calculated using a silicon wafer having an exposed bare surface without a natural oxide film after HF cleaning, and the amount of Si etched was obtained from the thickness of the wafer before and after cleaning with a flatness measuring machine.
- the etching amount of SiO 2 was calculated using a wafer with a 5 nm oxide film formed by thermal oxidation. A.
- the etching amount of SiO 2 was obtained from the thickness of the oxide film before and after cleaning with a spectroscopic ellipsometry M-2000V manufactured by Woolam.
- ozone water cleaning 25 ppm, 25° C./3 minutes
- a wafer with a 5 nm oxide film was used in advance to calculate the etching amount of SiO 2 .
- the oxide film species in the first tank is the SC1 oxide film
- the total etching amount of SiO2 in the second tank and the third tank is set so that the total etching amount of SiO 2 is 0.2 nm or more.
- Cleaning conditions were adjusted so that the thickness was 1.4 nm or more. From the Haze value of SP3 after washing, it was determined that all were roughened.
- Example A19 was 820 nm and the Si etching amount of Example A22 was 230 nm
- the surface of the silicon wafer of Example A19 was subjected to CMP polishing with a polishing allowance of 1000 nm.
- the silicon wafer of Example A22 was subjected to CMP polishing with a polishing stock removal of 500 nm.
- the LLS of each wafer after CMP processing was evaluated by SP5/19 nmUp manufactured by KLA, the LLS was 12 pcs and 19 pcs, respectively, indicating good LLS quality. After that, when a test was repeated 200 times in which the rear side of the wafer stored in water was chucked and the wafer was unchucked to the stage of the polishing machine, the wafer could be transported without any defects.
- the Si etching amount and the SiO 2 etching amount were calculated from the film thickness difference before and after cleaning by the method described above, and the Si/SiO 2 selection ratio was calculated.
- the amount of Si etched was calculated using a silicon wafer having an exposed bare surface without a natural oxide film after HF cleaning, and the amount of Si etched was obtained from the thickness of the wafer before and after cleaning with a flatness measuring machine.
- the etching amount of SiO 2 was calculated using a wafer with a 5 nm oxide film formed by thermal oxidation, and the etching amount of SiO 2 was obtained from the thickness of the oxide film before and after cleaning by spectroscopic ellipsometry.
- Example A19 After performing CMP polishing processing with a polishing allowance of 500 nm for the level of Comparative Example A1, the same chuck test as in Example A19 was performed 200 times with a CMP polishing machine. Four out of 200 times, a defect occurred in which the wafer did not come off from the chuck.
- the etching selectivity of Si to SiO 2 was 95 or more in the second cleaning step, so that the front and back surfaces of the silicon wafer, particularly the back surface, were chucked. It can be seen that it was possible to roughen sufficiently to exhibit a roughness suitable for adsorption by .
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments.
- the above-described embodiment is an example, and any device having substantially the same configuration as the technical idea described in the claims of the present invention and exhibiting the same effect is the present invention. included in the technical scope of
Abstract
Description
前記シリコンウェーハに、SC1洗浄、SC2洗浄、又はオゾン水洗浄で、酸化膜を形成し、
前記酸化膜が形成されたシリコンウェーハを、
水酸化アンモニウム濃度が0.051質量%以下の水酸化アンモニウム希釈水溶液、又は
水酸化アンモニウム濃度が0.051質量%以下であり、過酸化水素濃度が0.2質量%以下であり且つ前記水酸化アンモニウム濃度の4倍以下である、水酸化アンモニウムと過酸化水素水とを含む希釈水溶液
のいずれかの水溶液で洗浄することで前記シリコンウェーハの表裏面を粗化することを特徴とするシリコンウェーハの洗浄方法を提供する。
求められた関係に基づき、前記水酸化アンモニウム濃度又は前記水酸化アンモニウム濃度と前記過酸化水素濃度、洗浄温度、及び洗浄時間を選定して、洗浄を行うことが好ましい。
前記シリコンウェーハに、SC1洗浄、SC2洗浄、又はオゾン水洗浄で、酸化膜を形成する第1洗浄工程と
前記酸化膜が形成されたシリコンウェーハを、
水酸化アンモニウムを含む水溶液、又は
水酸化アンモニウムと過酸化水素水とを含む水溶液
のいずれかの水溶液で洗浄することで前記シリコンウェーハの表裏面又は裏面を粗化する第2洗浄工程と
を含み、
前記第2洗浄工程で用いる水溶液として、SiO2に対するSiのエッチング選択比が95以上であるものを用いることを特徴とするシリコンウェーハの洗浄方法を提供する。
前記Siのエッチング量の算出用ウェーハとして、自然酸化膜がないベア面が露出したシリコンウェーハ、エピタキシャルウェーハ、又はSOIウェーハのいずれかを用い、
前記SiO2のエッチング量の算出用ウェーハとして、膜厚が3nm以上のシリコン酸化膜付ウェーハを用いることが好ましい。
前記第2洗浄工程でのSiO2のエッチング量が前記粗化エッチング量以上となるように前記第2洗浄工程の洗浄時間を選定する、及び/又は
前記第2洗浄工程前に、前記第1洗浄工程で形成された前記酸化膜の一部が残るように前記酸化膜を薄くする追加洗浄工程を追加し、該追加洗浄工程でのSiO2のエッチング量と前記第2洗浄工程でのSiO2のエッチング量との合計が前記粗化エッチング量以上となるように、洗浄時間を調整することが好ましい。
求められた関係に基づき、前記SiO2に対するSiのエッチング選択比、洗浄時間を選定して、第2洗浄工程を行うことが好ましい。
前記シリコンウェーハに、SC1洗浄、SC2洗浄、又はオゾン水洗浄で、酸化膜を形成し、
前記酸化膜が形成されたシリコンウェーハを、
水酸化アンモニウム濃度が0.051質量%以下の水酸化アンモニウム希釈水溶液、又は
水酸化アンモニウム濃度が0.051質量%以下であり、過酸化水素濃度が0.2質量%以下であり且つ前記水酸化アンモニウム濃度の4倍以下である、水酸化アンモニウムと過酸化水素水とを含む希釈水溶液
のいずれかの水溶液で洗浄することで前記シリコンウェーハの表裏面を粗化することを特徴とするシリコンウェーハの洗浄方法である。
前記シリコンウェーハに、SC1洗浄、SC2洗浄、又はオゾン水洗浄で、酸化膜を形成する第1洗浄工程と
前記酸化膜が形成されたシリコンウェーハを、
水酸化アンモニウムを含む水溶液、又は
水酸化アンモニウムと過酸化水素水とを含む水溶液
のいずれかの水溶液で洗浄することで前記シリコンウェーハの表裏面又は裏面を粗化する第2洗浄工程と
を含み、
前記第2洗浄工程で用いる水溶液として、SiO2に対するSiのエッチング選択比が95以上であるものを用いることを特徴とするシリコンウェーハの洗浄方法である。
[第一態様]
まず、本発明のシリコンウェーハの洗浄方法の第一態様を説明する。
図1は本発明のシリコンウェーハの洗浄方法の第一態様の一例を示すフローチャートである。
図1のS1のように、表裏面を粗化したいシリコンウェーハを用意する。ウェーハの導電型や口径に制限はなく、例えばDSP加工後のウェーハなどが挙げられる。
水酸化アンモニウム希釈水溶液では、水酸化アンモニウムNH4OH濃度は、0.0051質量%以上0.051質量%以下であることが好ましい。また、水酸化アンモニウムと過酸化水素水とを含む希釈水溶液では、水酸化アンモニウムNH4OH濃度は、0.0051質量%以上0.051質量%以下であることが好ましく、過酸化水素H2O2濃度は、0.0067質量%以上0.2質量%以下であり、且つ水酸化アンモニウム濃度の0.1倍以上4倍以下であることが好ましい。
次に、本発明のシリコンウェーハの洗浄方法の第二態様を説明する。
図8は、本発明のシリコンウェーハの洗浄方法の第二態様の一例を示すフローチャートである。
図16は、本発明のシリコンウェーハの一例の一部を示す概略側面図である。
DSP加工後のベア面のシリコンウェーハを用意し、バッチ式洗浄機にて以下の洗浄を行った。SC1洗浄の薬液は28質量%のアンモニア水(NH4OH)、30質量%の過酸化水素水(H2O2)を用いた。1槽目は酸化膜形成を目的にオゾン水洗浄(25ppm、25℃/3分)、もしくはSC1洗浄(NH4OH:H2O2:H2O=1:1:10、60℃/3分)とし、2槽目は粗化形成を目的に液組成、温度及び時間を振ったSC1洗浄を行った。より具体的な条件は表3に示した。その後、KLA社製パーティクルカウンター SP3にて、Haze評価を行った。粗化しないウェーハのHaze値が20~30ppmであったため、Haze値50ppm以上のウェーハを粗化されたと判定した。結果を以下の表3に示す。なお、請求項1に記載したように、本発明は、シリコンウェーハを粗化するものであるため、最終的に粗化が達成されたものが本来の実施例であるが、参考のために、最終的に粗化に至らなかった水準についても以下の表3の実施例の欄に参考として示している。
液組成NH4OH:H2O2:H2O=1:5:1000で2槽目でのSC1洗浄を行ったこと以外は実施例2と同様にして、ウェーハの洗浄を行った。結果を以下の表3に示す。
実施例と同等のDSP加工後のベア面のシリコンウェーハを用意し、バッチ式洗浄機にて以下の洗浄を行った。1槽目は、オゾン水洗浄による酸化膜形成(比較例2及び3)、もしくは洗浄を行わずベア面のまま(比較例4~6)とした。2槽目は、液組成NH4OH:H2O2:H2O=1:1:10(NH4OH濃度:2.12質量%、H2O2濃度:2.77質量%)、又はNH4OH:H2O2:H2O=1:1:100(NH4OH濃度:0.25質量%、H2O2濃度:0.33質量%)とし、ベア面のみ、これらの他に、液組成NH4OH:H2O2:H2O=1:1:1000(NH4OH濃度:0.025質量%、H2O2濃度:0.033質量%)での洗浄も行った。比較例2~6の洗浄条件及び結果を、以下の表4に示す。
DSP研磨加工後のベア面のウェーハを用意し、バッチ式洗浄機にて以下の洗浄を行った。SC1洗浄の薬液は28質量%のアンモニア水(NH4OH)、30質量%の過酸化水素水(H2O2)を用いた。1槽目は第1洗浄工程として酸化膜形成を目的にオゾン水洗浄(25ppm、25℃/3分)、もしくはSC1洗浄(NH4OH:H2O2:H2O=1:1:10、45℃/3分)とし、2槽目は第2洗浄工程として、粗化形成を目的に、以下の表5及び表6に示すように組成、温度、時間を振ったSC1洗浄を行った。その後、KLA社製パーティクルカウンター SP3にてHaze評価を行った。また、同時に、2槽目で用いたそれぞれの水溶液について、先に説明した方法で洗浄前後の膜厚差からSiのエッチング量とSiO2のエッチング量とを算出し、Si/SiO2エッチング選択比を算出した。尚、Siのエッチング量の算出はHF洗浄後の自然酸化膜がないベア面が露出したシリコンウェーハで行い、平坦度測定機でウェーハ洗浄前後のウェーハ厚みからSiのエッチング量を求めた。SiO2のエッチング量の算出は熱酸化で形成した5nm酸化膜付ウェーハで行い、J.A.Woolam社製 分光エリプソメトリー M-2000Vで洗浄前後の酸化膜厚さからSiO2のエッチング量を求めた。
DSP研磨加工後のベア面のウェーハを用意し、バッチ式洗浄機にて以下の洗浄を行った。SC1洗浄の薬液は28質量%のアンモニア水(NH4OH)、30質量%の過酸化水素水(H2O2)を用いた。1槽目は第1洗浄工程として酸化膜形成を目的にオゾン水洗浄(25ppm、25℃/3分)、もしくはSC1洗浄(NH4OH:H2O2:H2O=1:1:10、45℃/3分)とし、2槽目は酸化膜を薄くするための追加洗浄工程として、組成1:0:100のアンモニア水もしくは0.05wt%のHFで、ベア面が露出しないように、1槽目で形成した酸化膜の一部の除去を行い、3槽目は第2洗浄工程として粗化形成を目的に、以下の表5及び表6に示すように組成、温度、時間を振ったSC1洗浄を行った。また、同時に、3槽目で用いたそれぞれの水溶液について、先に説明した方法で洗浄前後の膜厚差からSiのエッチング量とSiO2のエッチング量を算出し、Si/SiO2エッチング選択比を算出した。尚、2槽目の追加洗浄工程では事前に5nm酸化膜付ウェーハを用いて、SiO2のエッチング量を算出し、1槽目の酸化膜種がオゾン酸化膜の場合は2槽目及び3槽目でのトータルのSiO2のエッチング量が0.2nm以上となるように、1槽目の酸化膜種がSC1酸化膜の場合は2槽目及び3槽目のトータルのSiO2のエッチング量が1.4nm以上となるように、洗浄条件を調整した。洗浄後のSP3のHaze値から、全て粗化されたと判定した。
DSP研磨加工後のベア面のウェーハを用意し、バッチ式洗浄機にて以下の洗浄を行った。SC1洗浄の薬液は28質量%のアンモニア水(NH4OH)、30質量%の過酸化水素水(H2O2)を用いた。1槽目は第1洗浄工程として酸化膜形成を目的にオゾン水洗浄(25ppm、25℃/3分)とし、2槽目は第2洗浄工程として、粗化形成を目的に、以下の表7に示すように、組成、温度、時間を振ったSC1洗浄を行った。その後、KLA社製パーティクルカウンター SP3にてHaze評価を行った。また、同時に、2槽目で用いたそれぞれの水溶液について、先に説明した方法で洗浄前後の膜厚差からSiエッチング量とSiO2エッチング量を算出し、Si/SiO2選択比を算出した。尚、Siのエッチング量の算出はHF洗浄後の自然酸化膜がないベア面が露出したシリコンウェーハで行い、平坦度測定機でウェーハ洗浄前後のウェーハ厚みからSiのエッチング量を求めた。SiO2のエッチング量の算出は熱酸化で形成した5nm酸化膜付ウェーハで行い、分光エリプソメトリーで洗浄前後の酸化膜厚さからSiO2のエッチング量を求めた。
Claims (13)
- シリコンウェーハを粗化する洗浄方法であって、
前記シリコンウェーハに、SC1洗浄、SC2洗浄、又はオゾン水洗浄で、酸化膜を形成し、
前記酸化膜が形成されたシリコンウェーハを、
水酸化アンモニウム濃度が0.051質量%以下の水酸化アンモニウム希釈水溶液、又は
水酸化アンモニウム濃度が0.051質量%以下であり、過酸化水素濃度が0.2質量%以下であり且つ前記水酸化アンモニウム濃度の4倍以下である、水酸化アンモニウムと過酸化水素水とを含む希釈水溶液
のいずれかの水溶液で洗浄することで前記シリコンウェーハの表裏面を粗化することを特徴とするシリコンウェーハの洗浄方法。 - 予め、前記酸化膜の形成方法ごとに、前記水酸化アンモニウム濃度又は前記水酸化アンモニウム濃度と前記過酸化水素濃度、洗浄温度及び洗浄時間と、前記洗浄後の表面粗さとの関係を求め、
求められた関係に基づき、前記水酸化アンモニウム濃度又は前記水酸化アンモニウム濃度と前記過酸化水素濃度、洗浄温度、及び洗浄時間を選定して、洗浄を行うことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のシリコンウェーハの洗浄方法。 - 請求項1又は2に記載のシリコンウェーハの洗浄方法により洗浄されたシリコンウェーハの片方の面に対しCMP研磨を行い、前記片方の面とは反対側の面のみが選択的に粗化されているシリコンウェーハを得ることを特徴とするシリコンウェーハの製造方法。
- シリコンウェーハであって、原子間力顕微鏡で測定される粗さ指標Sa値が0.3nm以上、5.5nm以下の粗化された面を有するものであることを特徴とするシリコンウェーハ。
- シリコンウェーハであって、パーティクルカウンターで測定される粗さ指標Haze値が50ppm以上、1900ppm以下の粗化された面を有するものであることを特徴とするシリコンウェーハ。
- 前記粗化された面とは反対側の面は鏡面であることを特徴とする請求項4又は5に記載のシリコンウェーハ。
- シリコンウェーハを粗化する洗浄方法であって、
前記シリコンウェーハに、SC1洗浄、SC2洗浄、又はオゾン水洗浄で、酸化膜を形成する第1洗浄工程と
前記酸化膜が形成されたシリコンウェーハを、
水酸化アンモニウムを含む水溶液、又は
水酸化アンモニウムと過酸化水素水とを含む水溶液
のいずれかの水溶液で洗浄することで前記シリコンウェーハの表裏面又は裏面を粗化する第2洗浄工程と
を含み、
前記第2洗浄工程で用いる水溶液として、SiO2に対するSiのエッチング選択比が95以上であるものを用いることを特徴とするシリコンウェーハの洗浄方法。 - 前記第2洗浄工程で用いる前記水溶液の前記SiO2に対するSiのエッチング選択比を、(Siのエッチング量/SiO2のエッチング量)から求め、
前記Siのエッチング量の算出用ウェーハとして、自然酸化膜がないベア面が露出したシリコンウェーハ、エピタキシャルウェーハ、又はSOIウェーハのいずれかを用い、
前記SiO2のエッチング量の算出用ウェーハとして、膜厚が3nm以上のシリコン酸化膜付ウェーハを用いることを特徴とする請求項7に記載のシリコンウェーハの洗浄方法。 - 予め、前記第1洗浄工程における前記酸化膜の形成方法ごとに、前記第2洗浄工程で粗化が進行するために必要なSiO2のエッチング量を粗化エッチング量として算出しておき、
前記第2洗浄工程でのSiO2のエッチング量が前記粗化エッチング量以上となるように前記第2洗浄工程の洗浄時間を選定する、及び/又は
前記第2洗浄工程前に、前記第1洗浄工程で形成された前記酸化膜の一部が残るように前記酸化膜を薄くする追加洗浄工程を追加し、該追加洗浄工程でのSiO2のエッチング量と前記第2洗浄工程でのSiO2のエッチング量との合計が前記粗化エッチング量以上となるように、洗浄時間を調整することを特徴とする請求項7又は8に記載のシリコンウェーハの洗浄方法。 - 予め、前記第1洗浄工程における前記酸化膜の形成方法ごとに、前記SiO2に対するSiのエッチング選択比及び洗浄時間と、表面粗さとの関係を求め、
求められた関係に基づき、前記SiO2に対するSiのエッチング選択比、洗浄時間を選定して、第2洗浄工程を行うことを特徴とする請求項7~9のいずれか1項に記載のシリコンウェーハの洗浄方法。 - 請求項7~10のいずれか1項に記載のシリコンウェーハの洗浄方法により洗浄され、表裏面が粗化されたシリコンウェーハの片方の面に対し、CMP研磨を行い、前記片方の面とは反対面の面のみが選択的に粗化されているシリコンウェーハを得ることを特徴とするシリコンウェーハの製造方法。
- 前記CMP研磨の取り代を、前記第2洗浄工程でのSiのエッチング量以上となるように設定することを特徴とする請求項11に記載のシリコンウェーハの製造方法。
- 前記第2洗浄工程でのSiのエッチング量を、前記CMP研磨の取り代以下となるように設定することを特徴とする請求項11に記載のシリコンウェーハの製造方法。
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