WO2022186665A1 - 양극 활물질, 그 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬 이차 전지 - Google Patents
양극 활물질, 그 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022186665A1 WO2022186665A1 PCT/KR2022/003130 KR2022003130W WO2022186665A1 WO 2022186665 A1 WO2022186665 A1 WO 2022186665A1 KR 2022003130 W KR2022003130 W KR 2022003130W WO 2022186665 A1 WO2022186665 A1 WO 2022186665A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- active material
- transition metal
- metal oxide
- lithium
- positive electrode
- Prior art date
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
- C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/30—Particle morphology extending in three dimensions
- C01P2004/45—Aggregated particles or particles with an intergrown morphology
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a positive electrode active material, a method for manufacturing the same, and a positive electrode and a lithium secondary battery including the same, and more particularly, to a positive electrode active material with improved room temperature and low temperature output characteristics, a method for manufacturing the same, and a positive electrode and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same it's about
- lithium cobalt oxide such as LiCoO 2
- lithium nickel oxide such as LiNiO 2
- lithium manganese oxide such as LiMnO 2 or LiMn 2 O 4
- lithium transition metal oxide such as lithium iron phosphate oxide such as LiFePO 4
- Li[Ni p Co q Mn r ]O 2 Li[Ni p Co q Al r ]O 2
- Li[Ni p Co q Mn r Al s ]O 2 (where 0 ⁇ p ⁇ A lithium composite transition metal oxide containing two or more transition metals such as 1, 0 ⁇ q ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ r ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ s ⁇ 1) has been developed and is widely used.
- the nickel content in the lithium composite transition metal oxide has been increased to 70atm% or more to improve capacity characteristics. development is being actively carried out.
- the high-nickel-based positive electrode active material has an advantage in that it has excellent capacity characteristics, but has a problem in that the crystal lattice structure deteriorates rapidly as charging and discharging proceed due to low structural stability, resulting in poor lifespan characteristics. Accordingly, a method of improving the structural stability of a high-nickel-based positive electrode active material by forming a coating layer on the surface of the positive electrode active material using boron (B) or the like to suppress contact with an electrolyte is used.
- B boron
- structural stability is improved, but output characteristics are deteriorated due to an increase in resistance.
- it is not suitable as a material for an electric vehicle that requires sufficient output even in a charged state and a low temperature state.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems, and to provide a positive electrode active material having improved output characteristics at a low state of charge (SOC) and a low temperature, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- SOC state of charge
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a positive electrode including the positive electrode active material and a lithium secondary battery including the positive electrode.
- lithium composite transition metal oxide containing nickel in an amount of 70atm% or more among all metal elements except lithium; and a cathode active material formed on the surface of the lithium composite transition metal oxide and comprising a coating layer comprising Ti and B, based on the total weight of the cathode active material, containing Ti in an amount of 300 ppm to 800 ppm and B in an amount of 500 ppm to 1000 ppm
- a positive electrode active material is provided.
- the present invention includes a step of dry mixing a lithium composite transition metal oxide containing 70atm% or more of nickel among all metal elements except lithium, a Ti-containing raw material and a B-containing raw material, followed by heat treatment It provides a method for manufacturing the above-described positive electrode active material.
- the present invention provides a positive electrode including the positive electrode active material according to the present invention and a lithium secondary battery including the positive electrode.
- the positive active material according to the present invention containing Ti and B in a specific content may maintain excellent output characteristics at a low state of charge (SOC) and at a low temperature. Therefore, it may be usefully used in a secondary battery for an electric vehicle that requires high output characteristics in a low state of charge and at a low temperature.
- SOC state of charge
- the method for manufacturing the cathode active material according to the present invention forms a coating layer through a dry coating method, additional processes such as filtration and drying are not required, so the process is simple, and it is not necessary to consider solubility in organic solvents. It has the advantage that there are few restrictions on raw materials.
- the coating layer can be formed at a low heat treatment temperature of 300 ° C. to 500 ° C. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the crystal structure deformation of the lithium composite transition metal oxide due to the high-temperature heat treatment.
- Ti and B penetrate into the inside of the secondary particles during the formation of the coating layer, so that the coating is made not only on the surface of the lithium composite transition metal oxide but also on the inside, so that the stability of the positive active material is improved. further improved
- 1 is a graph showing the amount of voltage change upon exposure to low temperature of a lithium secondary battery to which a positive active material prepared by Examples and Comparative Examples is applied.
- the positive electrode active material according to the present invention includes a lithium composite transition metal oxide and a coating layer formed on the surface of the lithium composite transition metal oxide and including Ti and B.
- the lithium composite transition metal oxide may be a lithium composite transition metal oxide containing nickel, and specifically, may be a lithium composite transition metal oxide containing 70atm% or more of nickel among all metal elements excluding lithium.
- nickel content in the lithium composite transition metal oxide is 70 atm% or more, it can be usefully applied to a high-capacity battery applied to an electric vehicle, etc. because it exhibits a high capacity.
- the lithium composite transition metal oxide may be represented by the following [Formula 1].
- M 1 may be Mn, Al, or a combination thereof, preferably Mn or a combination of Mn and Al.
- M 2 may be at least one selected from the group consisting of W, Mo, Cr, Zr, Ti, Mg, Ta, Nb, Al, Ce, Hf, La, Sr, and Ba.
- the a represents the molar ratio of lithium to the transition metal, and may be 0.8 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.2, preferably 0.9 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.1, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.1.
- the layered crystal structure of the lithium composite transition metal oxide may be well developed.
- the x represents a molar ratio of nickel among metal elements other than lithium, and may be 0.7 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0.7 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.99, or 0.7 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.98. When x satisfies the above range, excellent capacity characteristics may be realized.
- the y represents a molar ratio of cobalt among metal elements other than lithium, and may be 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.3, 0.01 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.3, or 0.01 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.2.
- the z represents the molar ratio of M 1 element among metal elements other than lithium, and may be 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.3, 0.01 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.3, or 0.01 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.2.
- the w represents the molar ratio of the doping element M 2 doped in the transition metal layer of the lithium composite transition metal oxide, and may be 0 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.02 or 0 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.01.
- a high-nickel-based lithium composite transition metal oxide containing nickel in a high concentration has an advantage in that it has excellent capacity characteristics, but it is oxidized from Ni 2+ to Ni 3+ or Ni 4+ depending on the depth of charge. Oxygen desorption takes place rapidly. The desorbed oxygen destabilizes the crystal lattice of the lithium composite transition metal oxide and further causes the crystal lattice collapse. In addition, a reaction with the decomposed electrolyte occurs on the surface of the high-nickel-based lithium composite transition metal oxide to increase gas generation and resistance. Accordingly, there is a problem in that the high-nickel-based lithium composite transition metal oxide has poor structural stability.
- the present inventors formed a coating layer containing Ti and B at the same time on the surface of the lithium composite transition metal oxide. It was found that it is possible to minimize the deterioration of output characteristics at low state of charge and low temperature while improving structural stability.
- the positive electrode active material according to the present invention is formed on the surface of the lithium composite transition metal oxide, and includes a coating layer containing Ti and B, based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material, 300 ppm to 800 ppm of Ti, preferably contains 400 to 700 ppm, B in an amount of 500 to 1000 ppm, preferably 600 to 900 ppm.
- the content of Ti and B is out of the above range, the effect of improving the output characteristics in a low state of charge and at a low temperature is insignificant.
- the content of Ti is less than 300 ppm, the effect of improving the output characteristics hardly occurs, and when it exceeds 800 ppm, the discharge capacity decreases and gas generation increases.
- the content of B is less than 500 ppm, there is a problem that the discharge capacity characteristic is lowered, when it exceeds 1000 ppm, there is a problem that the resistance increases.
- the melting point of the Ti-containing raw material is lowered, so that the coating layer can be formed by the dry coating method.
- Ti-containing raw materials such as TiO 2 have a high melting point
- heat treatment at a high temperature of 700° C. or higher is required.
- the crystal structure of the lithium composite transition metal oxide may be deformed if the heat treatment is performed at a high temperature of 700° C. or more when the coating layer is formed.
- a coating layer is formed by mixing a Ti-containing raw material and a B-containing raw material together, a liquefaction phenomenon occurs at the interface of the Ti-containing raw material by the B-containing raw material, and the melting point of the Ti-containing raw material is lowered from 300 to 500. Even if the heat treatment is performed at a low temperature of about °C, the coating layer can be smoothly formed.
- the lithium composite transition metal oxide used in the present invention may be in the form of secondary particles in which primary particles are aggregated. Due to the liquefaction phenomenon, the surface energy of the coating raw materials on the secondary particle surface of the lithium composite transition metal oxide is It moves to the interface between the lower primary particles and diffuses into the secondary particles along the interface of the primary particles during heat treatment. Accordingly, in the cathode active material according to the present invention, Ti and B, which are coating raw materials, are distributed not only on the surface of the secondary particles of the lithium composite transition metal oxide but also on the inside. As such, when Ti and B are distributed on the surface and inside of the secondary particles, the effect of further improving the structural stability of the positive electrode active material can be obtained due to the coating to the interface between the primary particles inside the particles.
- the method for manufacturing a positive active material according to the present invention includes dry mixing a lithium composite transition metal oxide containing 70atm% or more of nickel among all metal elements excluding lithium, a Ti-containing raw material, and a B-containing raw material, followed by heat treatment includes
- the nickel content in the lithium composite transition metal oxide is 70 atm% or more, it can be usefully applied to a high-capacity battery applied to an electric vehicle, etc. because it exhibits a high capacity.
- the lithium composite transition metal oxide may be represented by the following [Formula 1].
- M 1 may be Mn, Al, or a combination thereof, preferably Mn or a combination of Mn and Al.
- M 2 may be at least one selected from the group consisting of W, Mo, Cr, Zr, Ti, Mg, Ta, Nb, Al, Ce, Hf, La, Sr, and Ba.
- the a represents the molar ratio of lithium to the transition metal, and may be 0.8 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.2, preferably 0.9 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.1, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.1.
- the layered crystal structure of the lithium composite transition metal oxide may be well developed.
- the x represents a molar ratio of nickel among metal elements other than lithium, and may be 0.7 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0.7 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.99, or 0.7 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.98. When x satisfies the above range, excellent capacity characteristics may be realized.
- the y represents a molar ratio of cobalt among metal elements other than lithium, and may be 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.3, 0.01 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.3, or 0.01 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.2.
- the z represents the molar ratio of M 1 element among metal elements other than lithium, and may be 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.3, 0.01 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.3, or 0.01 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.2.
- the w represents the molar ratio of the doping element M 2 doped in the transition metal layer of the lithium composite transition metal oxide, and may be 0 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.02 or 0 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.01.
- the Ti-containing raw material may be, for example, TiO 2 , TiCl 4 , TiN, Cl 2 H 28 O 4 Ti, etc. Among them, TiO 2 is particularly preferable because of its low price and ease of handling due to non-toxicity. .
- the Ti-containing raw material may be mixed in an amount of 0.01 to 0.2 parts by weight, preferably 0.05 to 0.15 parts by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 0.14 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the lithium composite transition metal oxide.
- the mixing amount of the Ti-containing raw material satisfies the above range, the effect of improving the output characteristics in a low state of charge and at a low temperature is excellent, and it is possible to prevent a decrease in discharge capacity, a decrease in resistance, and an increase in gas generation.
- the B-containing raw material is, for example, H 3 BO 3 , HB 2 O 3 , C 6 H 5 B(OH) 2 , (C 6 H 5 O) 3 B, [CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 O ] 3 B, Cl 3 H 19 BO 3 , C 3 H 9 B 3 O 6 , (C 3 H 7 O) 3 B, etc., among which the melting point of TiO 2 can be effectively lowered, and charge/discharge capacity H 3 BO 3 having an improving effect is particularly preferred.
- the B-containing raw material may be mixed in an amount of 0.1 to 1 parts by weight, preferably 0.2 to 0.8 parts by weight, more preferably 0.3 to 0.6 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the lithium composite transition metal oxide.
- the lithium composite transition metal oxide, Ti-containing raw material, and B-containing raw material are mixed through a dry mixing method.
- the dry mixing may be performed through a mixer or the like.
- a solvent removal process is not required, so the process is simple, and the lithium composite transition metal due to a solvent Since damage to the oxide can be minimized, the performance of the lithium composite transition metal oxide can be further improved.
- a coating layer is formed through heat treatment.
- the heat treatment may be performed at a temperature of 300 °C to 500 °C, preferably 350 °C to 450 °C. If the heat treatment temperature is less than 300 °C, the coating layer is not formed smoothly, and if it exceeds 500 °C, the physical properties of the lithium composite transition metal oxide may be impaired.
- Ti-containing raw materials such as TiO 2 have a high melting point
- the coating layer is formed by using the Ti-containing raw material alone, when the heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 300° C. to 500° C., the coating layer is not formed.
- a coating layer is formed by mixing a Ti-containing raw material and a B-containing raw material together, a liquefaction phenomenon occurs at the interface of the Ti-containing raw material by the B-containing raw material, and the melting point of the Ti-containing raw material is lowered from 300 to 500. Even if the heat treatment is performed at a low temperature of about °C, the coating layer can be smoothly formed.
- the positive electrode according to the present invention includes the above-described positive electrode active material according to the present invention. Since the positive active material has been described above, a detailed description thereof will be omitted, and the remaining components will be described below.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector, and a positive electrode active material layer disposed on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector and including the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing a chemical change in the battery, and for example, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, fired carbon, or carbon, nickel, titanium on the surface of aluminum or stainless steel. , silver or the like surface-treated may be used.
- the positive electrode current collector may typically have a thickness of 3 to 500 ⁇ m, and may increase the adhesion of the positive electrode active material by forming fine irregularities on the surface of the current collector. For example, it may be used in various forms, such as a film, a sheet, a foil, a net, a porous body, a foam, a non-woven body.
- the positive active material layer may include a conductive material and a binder together with the positive active material.
- the positive active material may be included in an amount of 80 to 99% by weight, more specifically, 85 to 98% by weight based on the total weight of the positive active material layer.
- excellent capacity characteristics may be exhibited.
- the conductive material is used to impart conductivity to the electrode, and in the configured battery, it can be used without any particular limitation as long as it does not cause chemical change and has electronic conductivity.
- the conductive material include graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite; carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, and carbon fiber; metal powders or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver; conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; or a conductive polymer such as a polyphenylene derivative, and the like, and any one of them or a mixture of two or more thereof may be used.
- the conductive material may be included in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the positive active material layer.
- the binder serves to improve adhesion between the positive active material particles and the adhesion between the positive active material and the current collector.
- Specific examples include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ), starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene polymer (EPDM), sulfonated-EPDM, styrene butadiene and rubber (SBR), fluororubber, or various copolymers thereof, and any one of them or a mixture of two or more thereof may be used.
- the binder may be included in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the positive active material layer.
- the positive electrode may be manufactured according to a conventional positive electrode manufacturing method except for using the above positive electrode active material. Specifically, the positive electrode active material and, optionally, a positive electrode mixture prepared by dissolving or dispersing a binder and a conductive material in a solvent is coated on a positive electrode current collector, and then dried and rolled, or the positive electrode mixture is prepared separately It can be produced by casting on a support and then laminating a film obtained by peeling from this support on a positive electrode current collector.
- the solvent used for preparing the positive electrode mixture may be a solvent generally used in the art, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), isopropyl alcohol, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), and acetone or water, and any one of them or a mixture of two or more thereof may be used.
- the amount of the solvent used is enough to dissolve or disperse the positive electrode active material, the conductive material and the binder in consideration of the application thickness of the slurry and the production yield, and to have a viscosity capable of exhibiting excellent thickness uniformity during application for the production of the positive electrode thereafter. do.
- the anode according to the present invention described above may be usefully applied to an electrochemical device.
- the electrochemical device may be, for example, a battery or a capacitor, and more specifically, a lithium secondary battery.
- the lithium secondary battery may include a positive electrode, a negative electrode positioned to face the positive electrode, and a separator and an electrolyte interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the positive electrode is the positive electrode according to the present invention described above. Since the anode has been described above, a detailed description thereof will be omitted, and only the remaining components will be specifically described below.
- the negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer positioned on the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery, and for example, copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, copper or stainless steel surface. Carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc. surface-treated, aluminum-cadmium alloy, etc. may be used.
- the negative electrode current collector may have a thickness of typically 3 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, and similarly to the positive electrode current collector, fine irregularities may be formed on the surface of the current collector to strengthen the bonding force of the negative electrode active material.
- it may be used in various forms such as a film, a sheet, a foil, a net, a porous body, a foam body, a nonwoven body, and the like.
- the anode active material layer optionally includes a binder and a conductive material together with the anode active material.
- anode active material a compound capable of reversible intercalation and deintercalation of lithium may be used.
- Specific examples include carbonaceous materials such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, graphitized carbon fiber, and amorphous carbon; metal compounds capable of alloying with lithium, such as Si, Al, Sn, Pb, Zn, Bi, In, Mg, Ga, Cd, Si alloy, Sn alloy, or Al alloy; metal oxides capable of doping and dedoping lithium, such as SiO ⁇ (0 ⁇ 2), SnO 2 , vanadium oxide, and lithium vanadium oxide; or a composite including the above-mentioned metallic compound and a carbonaceous material, such as a Si-C composite or a Sn-C composite, and the like, and any one or a mixture of two or more thereof may be used.
- a metal lithium thin film may be used as the negative electrode active material.
- the negative active material may be included in an amount of 80% to 99% by weight based on the total weight
- the binder is a component that assists in bonding between the conductive material, the active material, and the current collector, and may be typically included in an amount of 0.1 wt% to 10 wt% based on the total weight of the anode active material layer.
- binders include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polytetra fluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene polymer (EPDM), sulfonated-EPDM, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile-butadiene rubber, fluororubber, and various copolymers thereof.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene polymer
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-
- the conductive material is a component for further improving the conductivity of the anode active material, and may be included in an amount of 10 wt% or less, preferably 5 wt% or less, based on the total weight of the anode active material layer.
- a conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing a chemical change in the battery.
- graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite
- carbon black such as acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and thermal black
- conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers
- carbon fluoride such as aluminum and nickel powder
- conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate
- conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide
- Conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used.
- the negative electrode is, for example, prepared by dissolving or dispersing a negative electrode active material, and optionally a binder and a conductive material in a solvent, coating the negative electrode mixture on the negative electrode current collector and drying, or by applying the negative electrode mixture to a separate support. It can be prepared by casting onto a negative electrode current collector and then laminating a film obtained by peeling it from this support on the negative electrode current collector.
- the separator separates the negative electrode and the positive electrode and provides a passage for lithium ions to move, and if it is used as a separator in a lithium secondary battery, it can be used without any particular limitation, especially for the movement of ions in the electrolyte It is preferable to have a low resistance to and excellent electrolyte moisture content.
- a porous polymer film for example, a porous polymer film made of a polyolefin-based polymer such as an ethylene homopolymer, a propylene homopolymer, an ethylene/butene copolymer, an ethylene/hexene copolymer, and an ethylene/methacrylate copolymer, or these
- a laminated structure of two or more layers of may be used.
- a conventional porous nonwoven fabric for example, a nonwoven fabric made of high melting point glass fiber, polyethylene terephthalate fiber, etc. may be used.
- a coated separator containing a ceramic component or a polymer material may be used, and may optionally be used in a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
- the electrolyte used in the present invention may include an organic liquid electrolyte, an inorganic liquid electrolyte, a solid polymer electrolyte, a gel polymer electrolyte, a solid inorganic electrolyte, and a molten inorganic electrolyte, which can be used in the manufacture of a lithium secondary battery, and is limited to these. it's not going to be
- the electrolyte may include an organic solvent and a lithium salt.
- the organic solvent may be used without any particular limitation as long as it can serve as a medium through which ions involved in the electrochemical reaction of the battery can move.
- ester solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -caprolactone
- ether-based solvents such as dibutyl ether or tetrahydrofuran
- ketone solvents such as cyclohexanone
- aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene and fluorobenzene
- alcohol solvents such as ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol
- nitriles such as R-CN (R is a linear, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbon group having 2
- a carbonate-based solvent is preferable, and a cyclic carbonate (for example, ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate, etc.) having high ionic conductivity and high dielectric constant capable of increasing the charge/discharge performance of the battery, and a low-viscosity linear carbonate-based compound ( For example, a mixture of ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate or diethyl carbonate) is more preferable.
- a cyclic carbonate for example, ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate, etc.
- a low-viscosity linear carbonate-based compound for example, a mixture of ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate or diethyl carbonate
- the lithium salt may be used without particular limitation as long as it is a compound capable of providing lithium ions used in a lithium secondary battery.
- the lithium salt is LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAl0 4 , LiAlCl 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiN(C 2 F 5 SO 3 ) 2 , LiN(C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2.
- LiCl, LiI, or LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 , etc. may be used.
- the concentration of the lithium salt is preferably used within the range of 0.1 to 4.0M. When the concentration of the lithium salt is included in the above range, since the electrolyte has appropriate conductivity and viscosity, excellent electrolyte performance may be exhibited, and lithium ions may move effectively.
- the electrolyte may further include additives for the purpose of improving battery life characteristics, suppressing reduction in battery capacity, and improving battery discharge capacity.
- the lithium secondary battery as described above may be usefully used in portable devices such as mobile phones, notebook computers, digital cameras, and the like, and in the field of electric vehicles, and is particularly useful as a battery for a battery vehicle.
- Li[Ni 0.7 Co 0.1 Mn 0.2 ]O 2 100 g, TiO 2 0.1 g, and H 3 BO 3 0.5 g were put into a mixer (Acoustic mixer of Resodyn) and dry mixed, and then dried at 370° C. in an air atmosphere for 7 hours. It was heat-treated. Then, the heat-treated powder was mortar-pulverized and classified using a 325 mesh to obtain a cathode active material A.
- Ti and B contents of the obtained positive electrode active material A were 600 ppm and 800 ppm, respectively. At this time, the content of Ti and B was analyzed through ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma).
- a cathode active material B was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 100 g of Li[Ni 0.7 Co 0.1 Mn 0.2 ]O 2 , 0.05 g of TiO 2 and 0.3 g of H 3 BO 3 were put into a mixer and dry-mixed. .
- Ti and B contents of the obtained positive electrode active material B were 300 ppm and 500 ppm, respectively.
- a cathode active material C was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 100 g of Li[Ni 0.7 Co 0.1 Mn 0.2 ]O 2 , 0.14 g of TiO 2 and 0.6 g of H 3 BO 3 were added to a mixer and dry-mixed. .
- Ti and B contents of the obtained positive electrode active material C were 800 ppm and 10000 ppm, respectively.
- a cathode active material D was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 100 g of Li[Ni 0.7 Co 0.1 Mn 0.2 ]O 2 and 0.5 g of H 3 BO 3 were put into a mixer and dry-mixed.
- the B content of the obtained positive electrode active material D was 800 ppm.
- a positive active material E was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 100 g of Li[Ni 0.7 Co 0.1 Mn 0.2 ]O 2 and 0.1 g of TiO 2 were put into a mixer and dry-mixed.
- the Ti content of the obtained positive electrode active material E was 600 ppm.
- a cathode active material F was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 100 g of Li[Ni 0.7 Co 0.1 Mn 0.2 ]O 2 , 0.03 g of TiO 2 , and 0.5 g of H 3 BO 3 were added to a mixer and dry-mixed. .
- Ti and B contents of the obtained positive electrode active material F were 200 ppm and 800 ppm, respectively.
- a cathode active material G was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 100 g of Li[Ni 0.7 Co 0.1 Mn 0.2 ]O 2 , 0.17 g of TiO 2 and 0.5 g of H 3 BO 3 were put into a mixer and dry-mixed. .
- Ti and B contents of the obtained positive electrode active material G were 1000 ppm and 800 ppm, respectively.
- a cathode active material H was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 100 g of Li[Ni 0.7 Co 0.1 Mn 0.2 ]O 2 , 0.1 g of TiO 2 , and 0.24 g of H 3 BO 3 were added to a mixer and dry-mixed. .
- Ti and B contents of the obtained positive electrode active material H were 600 ppm and 400 ppm, respectively.
- a cathode active material I was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 100 g of Li[Ni 0.7 Co 0.1 Mn 0.2 ]O 2 , 0.1 g of TiO 2 , and 0.66 g of H 3 BO 3 were added to a mixer and dry-mixed. .
- Ti and B contents of the obtained positive active material I were 600 ppm and 1,100 ppm, respectively.
- Each of the positive active materials, carbon black conductive material and PVDF binder prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 was added to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) in a weight ratio of 96.5:1.5:2
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- a positive electrode composite was prepared by mixing. The positive electrode mixture was coated on an aluminum current collector, dried and rolled to prepare a positive electrode.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- a negative active material a mixture of natural graphite and artificial graphite in a weight ratio of 1:1
- carbon black a binder
- BML 302, Zeon Corporation a binder
- a negative electrode mixture was prepared by mixing in a weight ratio of .
- the negative electrode mixture was coated on a copper current collector, dried and rolled to prepare a negative electrode.
- An electrode assembly was prepared by interposing a polyethylene separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode prepared as described above, and an electrolyte solution was injected to prepare a lithium secondary battery.
- an electrolyte solution a solution in which LiPF 6 was dissolved at a concentration of 1M in an organic solvent in which ethylene carbonate (EC): ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC): diethyl carbonate (DEC) was mixed in a volume ratio of 3: 4: 3 was used.
- the lithium secondary battery to which the positive active material of Examples 1 to 3 containing Ti in an amount of 300 ppm to 800 ppm and B in an amount of 500 ppm to 1000 ppm is applied is lithium to which the positive active material of Comparative Examples 1 to 6 is applied. It can be seen that the secondary battery exhibits a lower resistance in a low state of charge of 10% SOC compared to the secondary battery, and thus has higher output characteristics. Specifically. In the lithium secondary battery to which the positive active material of Examples 1 to 3 is applied, the resistance at 10% SOC was reduced by 3% to 16% compared to the lithium secondary battery to which the positive active material of Comparative Examples 1 to 6 was applied.
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Abstract
Description
10초 저항(Ω) | 저항 백분율(%) | |
실시예 1 | 1.999 | 100.0 |
실시예 2 | 2.037 | 101.9 |
실시예 3 | 2.064 | 103.3 |
비교예 1 | 2.121 | 106.2 |
비교예 2 | 2.137 | 107.0 |
비교예 3 | 2.114 | 105.8 |
비교예 4 | 2.244 | 112.3 |
비교예 5 | 2.153 | 107.8 |
비교예 6 | 2.352 | 117.7 |
Claims (13)
- 리튬을 제외한 전체 금속 원소 중 니켈을 70atm% 이상으로 포함하는 리튬 복합전이금속 산화물; 및상기 리튬 복합전이금속 산화물 표면에 형성되며, Ti 및 B를 포함하는 코팅층을 포함하는 양극 활물질이며,상기 양극 활물질 전체 중량을 기준으로, Ti을 300ppm 내지 800ppm, B를 500ppm 내지 1000ppm의 양으로 포함하는 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 양극 활물질 전체 중량을 기준으로, Ti을 400ppm 내지 700ppm, B를 600ppm 내지 900ppm의 양으로 포함하는 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 리튬 복합전이금속 산화물은 1차 입자들이 응집된 2차 입자 형태이며,상기 Ti은 상기 리튬 복합전이금속 산화물의 2차 입자 표면 및 내부에 분포하는 것인 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 리튬 복합전이금속 산화물은 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 것인 양극 활물질.[화학식 1]Lia[NixCoyM1 ZM2 w]O2상기 화학식 1에서,M1은 Mn, Al 또는 이들의 조합이고,M2는 W, Mo, Cr, Zr, Ti, Mg, Ta 및 Nb으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 적어도 하나 이상이며,0.9≤a≤1.1, 0.7≤x<1, 0<y<0.3, 0<z<0.3, 0≤w≤0.02임.
- 리튬을 제외한 전체 금속 원소 중 니켈을 70atm% 이상으로 포함하는 리튬 복합전이금속 산화물, Ti 함유 원료 물질 및 B 함유 원료 물질을 건식 혼합한 후, 열처리하는 단계를 포함하는 청구항 1의 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 제5항에 있어서,상기 Ti 함유 원료 물질은 TiO2인 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 제5항에 있어서,상기 B 함유 원료 물질은 H3BO3인 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 제5항에 있어서,상기 Ti 함유 원료 물질은 상기 리튬 복합전이금속 산화물 100중량부에 대하여 0.01 내지 0.2중량부로 혼합되는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 제5항에 있어서,상기 B 함유 원료 물질은 상기 리튬 복합전이금속 산화물 100중량부에 대하여 0.1 내지 1중량부로 혼합되는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 제5항에 있어서,상기 열처리는 300℃ 내지 500℃의 온도로 수행되는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 제5항에 있어서,상기 리튬 복합전이금속 산화물은 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.[화학식 1]Lia[NixCoyM1 ZM2 w]O2상기 화학식 1에서,M1은 Mn, Al 또는 이들의 조합이고,M2는 W, Mo, Cr, Zr, Ti, Mg, Ta 및 Nb으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 적어도 하나 이상이며,0.9≤a≤1.1, 0.7≤x<1, 0<y<0.3, 0<z<0.3, 0≤w≤0.02임.
- 청구항 1 내지 4 중 어느 한 항의 양극 활물질을 포함하는 양극.
- 청구항 12의 양극, 음극, 상기 양극 및 음극 사이에 개재되는 분리막, 및 전해질을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지.
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