WO2022186139A1 - ナトリウムイオン透過板状隔壁及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
ナトリウムイオン透過板状隔壁及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022186139A1 WO2022186139A1 PCT/JP2022/008298 JP2022008298W WO2022186139A1 WO 2022186139 A1 WO2022186139 A1 WO 2022186139A1 JP 2022008298 W JP2022008298 W JP 2022008298W WO 2022186139 A1 WO2022186139 A1 WO 2022186139A1
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- Prior art keywords
- plate
- cathode chamber
- partition wall
- sodium
- shaped
- Prior art date
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 title abstract 8
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 135
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical group [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 23
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 23
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 abstract description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000873 Beta-alumina solid electrolyte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- BNOODXBBXFZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[S] Chemical compound [Na].[S] BNOODXBBXFZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 carbohydrate compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium polysulfide Chemical compound [Na+].S HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003760 hair shine Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
- H01M10/39—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
- H01M10/3909—Sodium-sulfur cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
- H01M10/39—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
- H01M10/3909—Sodium-sulfur cells
- H01M10/3918—Sodium-sulfur cells characterised by the electrolyte
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
- C04B35/113—Fine ceramics based on beta-aluminium oxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62695—Granulation or pelletising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
- C04B38/0615—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances the burned-out substance being a monolitic element having approximately the same dimensions as the final article, e.g. a porous polyurethane sheet or a prepreg obtained by bonding together resin particles
- C04B38/062—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances the burned-out substance being a monolitic element having approximately the same dimensions as the final article, e.g. a porous polyurethane sheet or a prepreg obtained by bonding together resin particles the burned-out substance being formed in situ, e.g. by polymerisation of a prepolymer composition containing ceramic powder
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/39—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
- H01M10/3909—Sodium-sulfur cells
- H01M10/3918—Sodium-sulfur cells characterised by the electrolyte
- H01M10/3936—Electrolyte with a shape other than plane or cylindrical
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M10/3909—Sodium-sulfur cells
- H01M10/3945—Sodium-sulfur cells containing additives or special arrangements in the sodium compartment
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- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00853—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 in electrochemical cells or batteries, e.g. fuel cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a plate-shaped partition wall that allows sodium ions to pass through, which is used in sodium-sulfur batteries, sodium molten salt batteries, and the like.
- a sodium-sulfur battery is known as a large-capacity secondary battery.
- a sodium-sulfur battery uses molten sulfur as an anode active material, molten sodium as a cathode active material, and a solid electrolyte such as ⁇ -alumina that permeates sodium ions Na + to form a partition separating molten sulfur and molten sodium. .
- Molten sulfur is contained in the anode chamber, and molten sodium is contained in the cathode chamber.
- the anode and cathode chambers are connected to the anode and cathode terminals of the sodium-sulfur battery, respectively.
- the sodium in the cathode compartment is separated into electrons and sodium ions, the electrons flow from the cathode terminal to the outside and are sent to the anode terminal through an external circuit, and the sodium ions (Na + ) pass through the partition and move to the anode compartment. do.
- the sodium ions Na + and molten sulfur S chemically react to produce sodium polysulfide Na 2 S x .
- sodium ions Na + , electrons and sulfur S are generated from sodium polysulfide Na 2 S x , and the sodium ions Na + permeate the partition wall and move from the anode chamber to the cathode chamber. That is, the sodium ions Na + move through the partition wall from the cathode chamber to the anode chamber during discharging, and move through the partition wall from the anode chamber to the cathode chamber during charging.
- a burned-out pattern is embedded in the central portion of granulated powder such as ⁇ -alumina and press-formed, and then chip-formed to form a burned-out pattern. Cracks were generated in the compacted body obtained by the action that seems to be springback. For this reason, it was not possible to make a cathode chamber using a burnt-out model.
- a method in which thin plates such as ⁇ -alumina are laminated together to manufacture a plate-shaped partition wall with a cathode chamber in the center.
- three ⁇ -alumina parts are made from granulated powder of ⁇ -alumina, consisting of a thin plate-like front plate and a back plate, and a frame plate from which the central portion that will be the cathode chamber is removed.
- a plate-like partition wall having a cathode chamber inside is manufactured by bonding a front plate and a back plate with a glass bonding agent.
- a single cell having a durability performance exceeding one month was not obtained.
- the inventor completed the invention of a safe sodium-sulfur battery with a tubular partition and filed a patent application as WO 2021/260962 A1.
- the gaps between the particles sintered as the cathode chamber of the partition wall, the gaps, or the narrow gaps that cannot be seen with the naked eye function as the cathode chamber. Therefore, I came to the conclusion that the cathode chamber does not need to be a large space that can be recognized as a conventional room. That is, the present invention was completed based on the idea that a space functioning as a cathode chamber could be obtained by connecting gaps formed between sintered particles or narrow gaps that cannot be seen with the naked eye.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a plate-shaped partition that is highly safe and durable and permeable to sodium ions.
- the plate-shaped partition of the present invention is a plate-shaped partition having a cathode chamber to which molten sodium is supplied at the center in the thickness direction, and is formed of a solid electrolyte permeable to sodium ions,
- the cathode chamber is characterized in that it is formed of a foil-like space extending two-dimensionally or a hole-like space extending two-dimensionally like a mesh.
- one of the methods of manufacturing the plate-shaped partition wall of the present invention includes a burnt model made of a thin foil-shaped organic material forming a cathode chamber extending in two-dimensional directions to which molten sodium is supplied, and an outer peripheral surface of the burnt model. forming a compacted body by pressing granulated powder of a solid electrolyte having a plate-like outer peripheral shape and permeable to sodium ions covering the and a firing step of degreasing and sintering to form a plate-like solid electrolyte having the negative chamber therein.
- Another method for producing plate-like partition walls comprises a sheet-like continuous pore-forming member made of mixed powder of ceramic powder and organic powder, which forms a net-like cathode chamber extending in at least two-dimensional directions to which molten sodium is supplied. and granulated powder of a solid electrolyte having a plate-like outer peripheral shape covering the outer peripheral surface of the continuous hole forming member and permeable to sodium ions to form a compacted body; and a sintering step of separating the organic powder of the hole-forming member and degreasing and sintering the granulated powder to form a plate-like solid electrolyte having the negative chamber therein.
- Still another method for manufacturing a plate-like partition wall comprises the steps of: obtaining a plate-shaped front side member and a plate-shaped back side member each formed of a solid electrolyte permeable to sodium ions; a step of providing a frame member precursor made of a loop-shaped glass bonding material in which both ends of a predetermined width face each other at a predetermined interval along an outer peripheral edge side of one plane of one member; and the frame member precursor of the one member.
- the other member of the front side member and the back side member is heated in a state of being in contact with the body side, and the frame member precursor is melted to join the front side member and the back side member, and the front side member and the back side member are joined. and a joining step of forming a frame member having a foil-shaped cathode chamber therebetween.
- the cathode chamber of the plate-like partition wall of the present invention is composed of a thin foil-like space or a narrow hole-like space. Therefore, the space constituting the cathode chamber is extremely narrow and its volume is extremely small, and the amount of molten sodium contained in the cathode chamber is extremely small. For this reason, even if the plate-shaped partition wall is destroyed by damage and reacts with molten sulfur around the plate-shaped partition wall, the amount of molten sodium is small and the amount of heat generated is small. It can be settled to the extent that it becomes slightly higher, and the safety is high.
- the cathode chamber is composed of a thin foil-like space or a narrow hole-like space
- the burnt-out model and the organic matter that form these spaces may be thin or fine. That is, since small-volume burned-out models and organic powder are used in place of conventional large-sized burned-out models, small cracks and the like are less likely to occur in the compacted body obtained, making it easier to manufacture plate-like partition walls.
- both the front side wall and the back side wall located on both sides of the cathode chamber function as partitions. Therefore, both the front and back surfaces of the plate-like partition walls function as partition wall surfaces, contributing to an increase in the partition wall surface area.
- the plate-like partition wall of the present invention has a cathode chamber in the central portion in the thickness direction, and this cathode chamber is formed of a foil-like space extending two-dimensionally or a hole-like space extending two-dimensionally like a mesh.
- the thickness of the foil-like space forming the cathode chamber is preferably 0.5 mm or less. Furthermore, it is more preferable that the foil-like space has a thickness of 0.1 mm or less. It is preferable that the foil-like space be thinner as long as the function that molten sodium can flow can be ensured. Further, the foil-like space can have a support portion that penetrates the space in the thickness direction and connects the front side portion and the back side portion of the plate-like partition wall. The supporting portion may be columnar or wall-like.
- the perforated space forming the cathode chamber preferably has a perforation size of 0.5 mm or less. Furthermore, it is more preferable that the pore system of the porous space is 0.1 mm or less. It is preferable that the pore-shaped spaces are finer as long as the function of allowing the molten sodium to flow can be ensured.
- this hole-like space can be made in a mesh shape extending in two-dimensional directions.
- the porous portion having the porous space may be thick.
- the plate-like partition wall is naturally thick, resulting in a thick plate-like partition wall.
- the mechanical strength increases and the plate-like partition wall can be made large.
- a method for manufacturing the plate-shaped partition wall of the present invention will be described.
- One of the manufacturing methods is to form a foil-shaped cathode chamber extending in two-dimensional directions using a burnt model.
- This burnt-out model is made of a thin foil-like organic material.
- This foil-like organic material can be made into a fiber molding.
- This burnt-out model can have a through-hole such as a through-hole or a through-wall penetrating from the front and back.
- the granulated powder enters the through hole and is degreased and sintered to form a supporting portion that connects the front side portion and the back side portion that are divided in the thickness direction in the cathode chamber of the plate-like partition wall.
- This supporting portion enhances the integrity of the front side portion and the back side portion of the plate-like partition wall, thereby making it possible to form a cathode chamber that is two-dimensionally wide.
- polyvinyl alcohol which is easily degreased
- carbohydrate compounds such as cellulose, which is easily thermally decomposed
- Cotton cloth, non-woven fabric, and paper can also be used as a burnt model, but nothing more than gauze.
- the property required for the burnt-out model is that the molded product press-molded in the granulated powder does not return to its pre-molding shape. Gauze is loosely woven from cotton thread with little twist, and it is thought that the individual fibers that make up the gauze slide against each other to alleviate the repulsive force. Therefore, it seems that the repulsive force of the gauze due to compression, ie, the force to return to the shape before compression, is weak. Therefore, it is suitable as a burnt-out model material for a plate-like partition wall having durability.
- the compacted body according to the present invention is obtained by covering the outer circumference of a foil-shaped burnt-out model with granulated powder of a solid electrolyte such as ⁇ -alumina and pressing the sheet-shaped granulated powder having a foil-shaped burnt-out model in the central portion in the thickness direction. obtained by In order to obtain a homogeneously compacted body, it is preferable to employ ship molding that can apply pressure with the same force from the outer peripheral surface.
- Another manufacturing method is to form a net-like cathode chamber with holes extending in two-dimensional directions, and instead of the burnt-out model, a sheet-like continuous hole-forming member made of a mixed powder of ceramic powder and organic powder is used. use.
- This manufacturing method is different only in that the burnt-out model is replaced with a continuous hole forming member, and the rest is the same as that of manufacturing plate-like partition walls using the burnt-out model.
- This continuous pore-forming member is pressed, compacted, and heated and sintered. During the heating and sintering process, the organic powder in the continuous hole forming member is burned off and removed, and the portions where the organic powder was present become cavities. Ceramic powder, which is another component of the continuous pore-forming member, is sintered, and the continuous pore-forming member becomes porous ceramics with continuous pores. The continuous pore of this porous ceramic becomes a cathode chamber.
- the organic powder that forms the pores a granular organic substance and a powder made of an organic binder used in the granulated powder can be used.
- ⁇ -alumina powder is preferable as the ceramic powder, ceramic powder such as alumina powder can also be used.
- the front wall portion and the back wall portion located on both sides of the cathode chamber of the plate-shaped partition are separately sintered to form a sintered body composed of a solid electrolyte.
- the front side wall portion and the back side wall portion are overlapped, and a glass bonding material is applied to the side surfaces around the two superimposed sintered bodies and/or the surface portion of the peripheral edge portion of the overlapping surfaces and heated to heat the glass bonding material. are integrally joined with each other.
- the cathode chamber is composed of a gap-like space formed between the superimposed opposing surfaces.
- the applied bonding material becomes the frame member precursor of the present invention, which is bonded to become the frame member of the present invention.
- the frame member precursor has a loop shape with both ends facing each other at a predetermined interval.
- the spaces at both ends of this loop shape serve as entrances and exits of the cathode chamber.
- a supporting portion precursor positioned within the loop and joining the front side member and the back side member can also be formed.
- the support obtained by heating and melting the support precursor enhances the integrity of the front side member and the back side member, thereby increasing the mechanical strength of the obtained plate-like partition wall.
- a gap-like space defined by the facing surfaces of the front and back members in which the frame members of the front and back wall portions or the frame member and the support are not interposed serves as the cathode chamber.
- a plate-like partition wall is obtained with three parts: a front side member made of a solid electrolyte, a back side member, and a glass bonding material serving as a frame member. That is, the frame member as a sintered body, which has been conventionally required, becomes unnecessary. For this reason, manufacturing is facilitated, and damage caused by the frame member, which is a sintered treasure, can be avoided.
- the cathode chamber formed by this method is a glass bonding layer that serves as a frame member that separates the opposing planes of the front side member and the back side member and the loop-shaped outer peripheral end surface of the cathode chamber. layer thickness. The thinner the thickness of the glass bonding layer, the better. This forms a cathode chamber consisting of a thin foil-like space.
- the shape of the burnt-out model is a thin foil.
- the burnt-out model is extremely small in quantity and is developed two-dimensionally. For this reason, the repulsive force of the burnt-out model is small, and a cathode chamber with less microcracks can be produced.
- the cathode chamber is made porous with continuous pores, a porous body having continuous pores with few microcracks can be easily obtained because a granular organic substance is used as a pore-forming component. Therefore, it is easy to obtain plate-like partition walls having high durability.
- the method of manufacturing plate-shaped partition walls using a glass bonding material eliminates the need for conventional frame-shaped ceramic parts. As a result, not only is the production easier, but plate-shaped partition walls with higher durability can be obtained.
- the plate-like partition wall of the present invention has a plate-like shape with a cathode chamber to which molten sodium is supplied at the central portion in the thickness direction, and is formed of a solid electrolyte permeable to sodium ions.
- the cathode chamber is formed of a foil-like space extending two-dimensionally or a hole-like space extending two-dimensionally like a mesh.
- This plate-like partition is used as a partition for a sodium-sulfur battery.
- sodium in the cathode chamber is separated into sodium ions and electrons, and the sodium ions pass through the solid electrolyte forming the plate-like partition wall and are released from the outer peripheral surface of the solid electrolyte into the anode chamber.
- the sodium ions, the electrons transferred through the external circuit, and the sulfur in the anode chamber generate sodium sulfide in the anode chamber, causing a discharge of about 2.1V.
- sodium sulfide in the anode chamber splits into sodium ions, electrons, and sulfur. Generate.
- the cathode chamber is formed of a foil-like space extending two-dimensionally or a hole-like space extending two-dimensionally like a mesh. Therefore, the spatial volume of the cathode chamber is extremely small, and the amount of sodium contained therein is also extremely small. As a result, even if the plate-like partition is damaged and destroyed, and sodium in the cathode chamber reacts with sulfur in the anode chamber, the amount of heat generated is small because the amount of sodium is extremely small. The temperature of the molten sulfur is only slightly increased, and it does not ignite. Therefore, a sodium-sulfur battery using this plate-shaped partition is highly safe.
- the pressure in the cathode chamber is usually lower than the pressure in the anode chamber. Therefore, when the partition wall is broken, the molten sulfur in the anode chamber flows into the cathode chamber and flows from the breaking point toward the sodium tank in the cathode chamber. Molten sodium reacts with molten sulfur at the destroyed part and changes to sodium sulfide while releasing reaction heat. The generated sodium sulfide flows to the sodium tank side in the cathode chamber according to the pressure difference between the cathode chamber and the anode chamber.
- the generated sodium sulfide reacts with the unreacted molten sodium to change into sodium sulfide having a higher sodium content than the sulfur content. Since sodium sulfide, which contains a large amount of sodium, has a high melting point, it finally becomes solid sodium sulfide and solidifies in the cathode chamber to close the cathode chamber. Since the cathode chamber is closed with solid sodium sulfide, further reaction between sodium and sulfur is prevented. As described above, even if the plate-shaped partition wall of the present invention is damaged, solid sodium sulfide is generated at the damaged portion to close the damaged portion. Therefore, a serious disaster such as ignition does not occur. Thus, the plate-shaped partition wall of the present invention provides a highly safe sodium-sulfur battery.
- the cathode chamber is composed of a thin foil-like space or a narrow hole-like space
- the burnt-out model and the organic powder that form these spaces may be thin or fine. That is, since small-volume burned-out models and organic powder are used in place of conventional large-sized burned-out models, small cracks and the like are less likely to occur in the compacted body obtained, making it easier to manufacture plate-like partition walls.
- both the front side wall and the back side wall located on both sides of the cathode chamber function as partitions. Therefore, both the front and back surfaces of the plate-like partition walls function as partition wall surfaces, contributing to an increase in the partition wall surface area.
- FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view of a ⁇ -alumina plate-like partition wall according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. FIG. 10 is an overall perspective view of a ⁇ -alumina plate-like partition wall according to Embodiment 2;
- FIG. 10 is a photograph of a ⁇ -alumina plate-like partition wall and an alumina nipple and an alumina tube joined thereto according to Embodiment 2;
- 10 is a central cross-sectional view in the thickness direction of a ⁇ -alumina plate-like partition wall according to Embodiment 3.
- ⁇ -alumina plate-like partition wall of Embodiment 1 An overall perspective view of the ⁇ -alumina plate-like partition wall 1 of Embodiment 1 is shown in FIG.
- the plate-like partition wall 1 has a width of about 20 mm, a height of about 63 mm, and a thickness of about 10 mm, and is entirely made of ⁇ -alumina.
- This plate-like partition wall 1 has a cathode chamber 10 in its central portion in the thickness direction.
- the cathode chamber 10 is exposed as an opening 13 on the upper surface 11 of the plate-like partition wall 1.
- the cathode chamber 10 is a rectangular space extending from the upper surface 11 of the plate-like partition wall 1 to about 5 mm above the lower surface 12 and extending about 9 mm in the width direction from the center in the width direction. formed.
- the transverse cross-section of cathode chamber 10 appears to be similar to opening 13 .
- This opening 13 is a gap extending in a zigzag shape in the width direction.
- this plate-shaped partition wall 1 As a mold, a cylindrical female mold with a rectangular cross-sectional space of about 25 mm in length and about 80 mm in width and two piston-shaped male molds with a rectangular cross section that enter the cylindrical space of this female mold are used. prepared.
- the male mold was inserted slightly below the female mold to form a shallow rectangular concave space defined by the upper part of the inner peripheral surface of the female mold and the upper surface of the inserted male mold.
- About 25 g of ⁇ -alumina granulated powder was put into this recessed space, and the thickness of the granulated powder was made uniform.
- 4 sheets of medical gauze were placed on top of each other to form a band-like disappearance model of about 74 mm in length, 12 mm in width and about 0.4 mm in thickness. It was arranged so as to be located in the center of the recessed space in a state away from the mold surface.
- the cathode chamber 10 was connected to the outside through the opening 13 and held inside the plate-like partition wall 1 . Also. No defects such as cracks were found on all the outer peripheral surfaces of the plate-like partition wall 1 . As a result, it became clear that this plate-like partition wall 1 functions as a ⁇ -alumina partition wall of a sodium-sulfur battery.
- the plate-like partition wall 1 of this embodiment uses four layers of medical gauze as a disappearance model, is placed in granulated powder of ⁇ -alumina, is pressure-molded in a mold, and is further subjected to ship molding. A green compact was then obtained by sintering as usual. In other words, nothing special was done other than using a layered model of 4 sheets of gauze for medical use as the disappearance model. Nevertheless, a slit-shaped cathode chamber 10 which seems to be perfect without any cracks is formed in the central portion in the thickness direction of the plate-shaped ⁇ -alumina sintered body.
- FIG. 2 shows an overall perspective view of the ⁇ -alumina plate-like partition wall 2 of Embodiment 2.
- This plate-like partition wall 2 has a plate shape of about 10 cm in length and width and about 0.7 cm in thickness, and is entirely made of ⁇ -alumina.
- This plate-like partition wall 2 has a cathode chamber 20 in the central portion in its thickness direction.
- the cathode chamber 20 is a square of about 7.5 cm in length and width and about 0.01 mm in thickness extending two-dimensionally at the center of the plate-like partition wall 2 in the thickness direction. It consists of interstitial spaces.
- This cathode chamber 20 has an opening 202 exposed as an opening 201 at its upper end.
- This opening 202 is also formed at the same time as the cathode chamber 20 as a part of the burnt-out model consisting of four sheets of gauze, and is composed of a gap-like space with a thickness of about 0.01 mm.
- this cathode chamber 20 is also composed of a gap-like thin space, and there are countless fine columnar connecting portions that integrally connect both sides of this gap-like space. seems to exist. It is thought that the surface side portion and the back side portion of the plate-like partition wall 1 on both sides of this gap-like space are integrally connected by these innumerable columnar connecting portions, contributing to the improvement of the mechanical strength.
- This plate-like partition wall 2 used the same ⁇ -alumina granulated powder as the plate-like partition wall 1 of the first embodiment and four sheets of gauze for medical use, which were the same burnt-out model, and were stacked.
- the compression molding equipment used a 500 ton press for manufacturing commercial tiles and a mold for making 10 cm tiles. Half of the granulated powder was placed in a mold, four sheets of gauze were layered on top of it, and the remaining granulated powder was placed on top and pressed to form a plate-like compacted body. It is sintered by heating to about 1600. In this manner, the plate-like partition wall 2 shown in FIG. 2 was manufactured.
- a nipple made of alumina having an axial hole is arranged so as to cover the opening 201 of the plate-like partition wall 2, an alumina tube is fitted into the axial hole of this nipple, and the parts are integrally bonded using a glass bonding material. Created. A photograph of this part is shown in FIG.
- the cathode chamber 20 of the plate-like partition wall 2 constituting this part communicates with the gap of the opening 202, the shaft hole of the nipple and the shaft hole of the alumina tube, so that molten sodium can flow.
- a sodium-sulfur cell was created using this part. Glass fiber cloth as an electrical insulator and carbon fiber felt as a current collector were laminated on the front and back surfaces of the plate-like partition wall 2 of this part, respectively, and then placed in a sulfur container made of stainless steel. projected from the upper end of the sulfur container.
- the sulfur vessel was filled with 347 g of sulfur and hermetically sealed under vacuum. Also, the upper end of the alumina tube protruding from the sulfur container was airtightly inserted into the lower end of a sodium container made of stainless steel, and 56 g of sodium was placed in the sodium container and airtightly sealed under reduced pressure. Thus, a sodium-sulfur cell using the plate-like partition wall 2 of Embodiment 2 was produced.
- This sodium-sulfur single cell is placed in a constant temperature bath maintained at about 300 ° C.
- An external circuit of about 0.7 ⁇ is formed between the sulfur container and the sodium container, and a discharge test is performed to discharge about 3.5 A to 6.7 A.
- a current was obtained.
- the charging current when charging was performed by applying a charging voltage of 2.57 V between the sulfur container and the sodium container was approximately 1A to 2A.
- a cycle test of discharging and charging was carried out using this sodium-sulfur cell.
- a discharge-charge cycle test was continuously performed for about one month, with one discharge time set to 20 hours and one charge time set to 100 hours. During this period, no problems such as an abnormal drop in current occurred during discharging and charging. From this, it became clear that the plate-like partition wall 2 of Embodiment 2 can be used as a partition wall of a sodium-sulfur battery.
- FIG. 4 shows a central section in the thickness direction of the ⁇ -alumina plate-shaped partition walls 3 of Embodiment 3.
- the plate-like partition wall 3 has a plate-like shape of about 40 mm in length and width and about 4.5 mm in thickness, and has a back side wall portion (not shown) of the same shape as the front side wall portion 31 made of ⁇ -alumina and about 40 mm in length and width and about 2.0 mm in thickness.
- the frame portion 35 and the support portion 36 are interposed between the peripheral edge portions of the opposing surfaces of the front side wall portion 31 and the back side wall portion and at the central portion of the opposing surfaces to integrally join the two.
- This plate-like partition wall 3 has a square cathode chamber 30 with a side of about 26 mm and a thickness of about 0.5 mm, which is defined by the facing surfaces of the front side wall portion 31 and the back side wall portion and the inner peripheral surface of the frame portion 35 . .
- a support portion 36 is positioned at the center of the cathode chamber 30 .
- the plate-like partition wall 3 is partitioned by both end facing surfaces of the frame portion 35 , the front side wall portion 31 and the rear side wall portion facing surfaces, and has an opening 302 connected to the cathode chamber 30 . This opening 302 opens as an opening 302 in the central portion of the upper end surface of the plate-like partition wall 3 .
- the ⁇ -alumina sintered body on the thin plate serving as the front side portion 31 and the back side portion of the plate-like partition wall 3 is pressed with a molding die using the same ⁇ -alumina granulated powder as used for manufacturing the plate-like partition wall 1 of Embodiment 1. and formed a compacted body.
- This compacted body was heated to 1600° C. in a sintering furnace to obtain a sintered body without being subjected to chip forming.
- a glass bonding material was applied in the frame shape and circular shape shown in FIG.
- the two ⁇ -alumina sintered bodies were superimposed with the applied glass bonding material in contact with each other, and placed in a sintering furnace. After that, the firing furnace is heated to melt the glass bonding material, and the two ⁇ -alumina sintered bodies are integrally adhered to produce the plate-like partition wall 3 of the third embodiment.
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Abstract
Description
前記陰極室は二次元方向に延びる箔状空間または網目状に二次元方向に延びる孔状空間で形成されていることを特徴とする。
本発明の板状隔壁は、厚さ方向の中央部に溶融ナトリウムが供給される陰極室を持つ板状でありナトリウムイオンが透過する固体電解質で形成されている。この陰極室は二次元方向に延びる箔状空間または網目状に二次元方向に延びる孔状空間で形成されている。この板状隔壁はナトリウム硫黄電池の隔壁として使用される。放電時には、陰極室内のナトリウムはナトリウムイオンと電子に分かれ、ナトリウムイオンは板状隔壁を構成する固体電解質を通り、固体電解質の外周面から陽極室内に放出される。このナトリウムイオンと外部回路を介して移送される電子と陽極室内の硫黄とで陽極室内で硫化ナトリウムが生成し、約2.1Vの放電が起きる。外部回路に充電電圧を印加すると、陽極室内の硫化ナトリウムはナトリウムイオンと電子と硫黄に分かれ、ナトリウムイオンは陰極室に戻り、外部回路を介して送られた電子とでナトリウムとなって陰極室に生成する。
実施形態1のβアルミナ板状隔壁1の全体斜視図を図1に示す。この板状隔壁1は横幅約20mm、高さ約63mm、厚さ約10mmの板状で、全体がβアルミナで構成されている。この板状隔壁1はその厚さ方向の中央部に陰極室10を持つ。
実施形態2のβアルミナ板状隔壁2の全体斜視図を図2に示す。この板状隔壁2は縦横約10cm、厚さ約0.7cmの板状で、全体がβアルミナで構成されている。この板状隔壁2はその厚さ方向の中央部に陰極室20を持つ。
実施形態3のβアルミナ板状隔壁3の厚さ方向の中央断面を図4に示す。この板状隔壁3は縦横約40mm、厚さ約4.5mmの板状で、縦横約40mm、厚さ約2.0mmのβアルミナ製の表側壁部31と同じ形状の裏側壁部(図示せず)と、図中斜線で示すガラス接合材を溶解して形成した幅約7mm、厚さ約0.5mmの一部が欠けた正方形状の枠部35及び直径約7mm、厚さ約7mmの支持部36とからなる。これら枠部35及び支持部36は表側壁部31と裏側壁部の両対向面の周縁部間および量対向面の中心部に介在し、両者を一体的に接合している。
これにより本実施形態3の板状隔壁3もナトリウム硫黄電池の隔壁として使用できることが明らかになった。
13,201,301・・・開口 202,302・・・開口部
Claims (14)
- 厚さ方向の中央部に溶融ナトリウムが供給される陰極室を持つ板状でありナトリウムイオンが透過する固体電解質で形成された板状隔壁であって、
前記陰極室は二次元方向に延びる箔状空間または網目状に二次元方向に延びる孔状空間で形成されていることを特徴とする板状隔壁。 - 前記箔状空間はその厚さが0.5mm以下である請求項1記載の板状隔壁。
- 前記箔状空間はその厚さが0.1mm以下である請求項1記載の板状隔壁。
- 前記箔状空間はその空間の厚さ方向に貫通する支持部を持つ請求項1記載の板状隔壁。
- 前記孔状空間はその孔系が0.5mm以下である請求項1記載の板状隔壁。
- 前記孔状空間はその孔系が0.1mm以下である請求項5記載の板状隔壁。
- 溶融ナトリウムが供給される二次元方向に延びる陰極室を形成する厚さの薄い箔状有機物からなる焼失模型と前記焼失模型の外周面を覆う外周形状が板状のナトリウムイオンを透過する固体電解質の造粒粉とを押圧して圧密体を形成する工程と、前記圧密体を加熱して前記焼失模型を分解除及び前記造粒粉を脱脂焼結して内部に前記陰室を持つ板状の固体電解質とする焼成工程と、を有することを特徴とする板状隔壁の製造方法。
- 前記焼失模型は表裏を貫通する貫通孔または貫通壁を持つ請求項7記載の板状隔壁の製造方法。
- 前記箔状有機物は繊維成形品である請求項7記載の板状隔壁の製造方法。
- 前記繊維成形品はセルロース製品又はポリビニルアルコール製品である請求項9記載の板状隔壁の製造方法。
- 溶融ナトリウムが供給される少なくとも二次元方向に延びる網状の陰極室を形成するセラミクス粉と有機物粉の混合粉からなるシート状の連続孔形成部材と前記連続孔形成部材の外周面を覆う外周形状が板状のナトリウムイオンを透過する固体電解質の造粒粉とを押圧して圧密体を形成する工程と、前記圧密体を加熱して前記連続孔形成部材の前記有機物粉を分解除及び前記造粒粉を脱脂、焼結して内部に前記陰室を持つ板状の固体電解質とする焼成工程と、を有することを特徴とする板状隔壁の製造方法。
- 前記混合粉を構成する有機物粉はセルロース粉、炭水化物粉又はポリビニルアルコール粉である請求項11記載の板状隔壁の製造方法。
- 各々ナトリウムイオンを透過する固体電解質で形成された平板形状の表側部材と裏側部材とを得る工程と、前記表側部材及び前記裏側部材の少なくとも一方の部材の一方の平面の外周端側に沿って所定幅の両端が所定間隔で対向するループ形状のガラス接合材からなる枠部材前駆体を設ける工程と、前記一方の部材の前記枠部材前駆体側に前記表側部材及び裏側部材の他方の部材を当接した状態で加熱して前記枠部材前駆体を溶融して前記表側部材と前記裏側部材とを接合すると共に前記表側部材及び前記裏側部材の間に箔状の陰極室を持つ枠部材とする接合工程と、を有することを特徴とする板状隔壁の製造方法。
- 前記枠部材前駆体を設ける工程は前記ループ形状の枠部材前駆体とともに前記ループ内に位置し前記表側部材と前記裏側部材とを接合する支持部前駆体を形成する請求項13記載の板状隔壁の製造方法。
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EP22763195.9A EP4303205A1 (en) | 2021-03-02 | 2022-02-28 | Sodium-ion-permeable plate-like partitioning wall and method for manufacturing same |
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2022
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- 2022-02-28 WO PCT/JP2022/008298 patent/WO2022186139A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2022-02-28 CN CN202280017994.0A patent/CN117015894A/zh active Pending
- 2022-02-28 KR KR1020237029342A patent/KR20230154185A/ko unknown
- 2022-02-28 BR BR112023017581A patent/BR112023017581A2/pt unknown
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JPH05177619A (ja) * | 1991-05-03 | 1993-07-20 | Programme 3 Patent Holdings | セラミック材料製のホールダの製造法及びホールダ |
WO2017090636A1 (ja) | 2015-11-24 | 2017-06-01 | 有限会社 中勢技研 | 溶融ナトリウム電池及び溶融ナトリウム電池用隔壁 |
JP2017103197A (ja) * | 2015-11-24 | 2017-06-08 | 大川 宏 | 溶融ナトリウム電池及び溶融ナトリウム電池用隔壁 |
WO2021260962A1 (ja) | 2020-06-22 | 2021-12-30 | 有限会社 中勢技研 | ナトリウム硫黄電池 |
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US20240145788A1 (en) | 2024-05-02 |
CN117015894A (zh) | 2023-11-07 |
KR20230154185A (ko) | 2023-11-07 |
EP4303205A1 (en) | 2024-01-10 |
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BR112023017581A2 (pt) | 2023-10-10 |
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