WO2022165920A1 - 一种轨道交通用大型车轴智能楔横轧机 - Google Patents

一种轨道交通用大型车轴智能楔横轧机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022165920A1
WO2022165920A1 PCT/CN2021/080676 CN2021080676W WO2022165920A1 WO 2022165920 A1 WO2022165920 A1 WO 2022165920A1 CN 2021080676 W CN2021080676 W CN 2021080676W WO 2022165920 A1 WO2022165920 A1 WO 2022165920A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
archway
bearing seat
guide plate
sliding shaft
block
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/080676
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
楚志兵
王宝雨
任忠凯
李树林
李玉贵
周新亮
黄贤安
徐俊生
秦建新
姬亚锋
刘晋平
Original Assignee
太原科技大学
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Publication date
Application filed by 太原科技大学 filed Critical 太原科技大学
Priority to US17/575,121 priority Critical patent/US20220136558A1/en
Publication of WO2022165920A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022165920A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B13/00—Metal-rolling stands, i.e. an assembly composed of a stand frame, rolls, and accessories
    • B21B13/02—Metal-rolling stands, i.e. an assembly composed of a stand frame, rolls, and accessories with axes of rolls arranged horizontally
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B31/00—Rolling stand structures; Mounting, adjusting, or interchanging rolls, roll mountings, or stand frames
    • B21B31/08—Interchanging rolls, roll mountings, or stand frames, e.g. using C-hooks; Replacing roll chocks on roll shafts
    • B21B31/12—Interchanging rolls, roll mountings, or stand frames, e.g. using C-hooks; Replacing roll chocks on roll shafts by vertically displacing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B31/00—Rolling stand structures; Mounting, adjusting, or interchanging rolls, roll mountings, or stand frames
    • B21B31/16—Adjusting or positioning rolls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B38/00—Methods or devices for measuring, detecting or monitoring specially adapted for metal-rolling mills, e.g. position detection, inspection of the product
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B38/00—Methods or devices for measuring, detecting or monitoring specially adapted for metal-rolling mills, e.g. position detection, inspection of the product
    • B21B38/08—Methods or devices for measuring, detecting or monitoring specially adapted for metal-rolling mills, e.g. position detection, inspection of the product for measuring roll-force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B13/00—Metal-rolling stands, i.e. an assembly composed of a stand frame, rolls, and accessories
    • B21B13/02—Metal-rolling stands, i.e. an assembly composed of a stand frame, rolls, and accessories with axes of rolls arranged horizontally
    • B21B2013/021—Twin mills
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B38/00—Methods or devices for measuring, detecting or monitoring specially adapted for metal-rolling mills, e.g. position detection, inspection of the product
    • B21B2038/002—Measuring axial forces of rolls

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of plastic forming equipment for shaft parts, and in particular relates to an intelligent cross wedge rolling mill for large axles for rail transit.
  • the traditional large-scale shaft parts preparation method is mainly made by fast forging machine and precision forging machine.
  • the fast forging process requires human intervention, the production cycle is long, the product precision is low, the energy consumption is high, and the efficiency is low.
  • the subsequent production process requires heavy lifting
  • the amount of cutting is large, and the metal flow line on the surface of the product is greatly damaged, which reduces the mechanical properties of the product;
  • the precision forging machine is completely monopolized by foreign companies, although the forging speed can be more than double the speed of fast forging and cutting
  • it still takes at least 4 minutes to prepare an axle the subsequent processing loss and the mechanical properties of the product are still not improved, the equipment input and output are relatively low, and the quality stability is poor.
  • Cross wedge rolling is an efficient and clean plastic forming technology for parts. Compared with the current production methods, the main advantages are: 1) The production efficiency is increased by 2 to 3 times; 2) The material saving rate is increased by 10 to 25%; 3) The product High precision, reduce machining process; 4) No impact, low noise; 5) Production cost can be reduced by about 30%.
  • the preparation time of a single axle can be reduced from 10 minutes to 1 minute, the production efficiency is increased by 3 to 5 times, the material saving is 50 to 100Kg, and the material saving rate is increased by 10 to 20%. Therefore, the use of cross wedge rolling technology to prepare large axles for rail transit not only improves the forming efficiency and accuracy of the axles, but also improves the life of the axles due to the retention of hot-worked metal streamlines.
  • the world's largest cross wedge rolling mill can only roll large shafts with a diameter of 150mm and a length of less than 1200mm.
  • Axle parts products require the overall design of the injection equipment and the reliability of the key structure, and the dimensions and weight of the rolling mill die are relatively large.
  • the existing cross wedge rolling equipment structure and die replacement method cannot meet the requirements of efficient production of large axles.
  • it is impossible to dynamically monitor the working status of the rolling mill and it is difficult to fully grasp the service life and working effect of the equipment, so it is very important to use the structure and method to solve the above problems. Therefore, a new type of intelligent cross wedge rolling mill structure is proposed. , it is very important to overcome the above problems.
  • the structure of the equipment is small, the reliability of the equipment structure is high, and the weight and size of the corresponding die are also small, and there is no risk of easy damage to the equipment. .
  • the rolling force can reach Max 820 tons, and the maximum die width can reach 2900mm. It is difficult to determine, if the traditional structure is still adopted, it will greatly affect the use effect of the large axle cross wedge rolling mill.
  • the present invention provides a large axle intelligent cross wedge rolling mill for rail transit.
  • a large axle intelligent cross wedge rolling mill for rail transit comprising a main transmission device, an archway, a worm gear pressing, a roller system assembly and a guide device;
  • the main transmission device includes a main transmission motor, a first-stage reducer and a sub-speed box, the output shaft of the main transmission motor is connected with the input shaft of the first-stage reducer, and the output shaft of the first-stage reducer is connected with the input shaft of the first-stage reducer.
  • the input shaft of the sub-speed case is connected, the two output shafts of the sub-speed case are respectively connected with the upper transmission shaft and the lower transmission shaft through the universal coupling, and the two output shafts of the sub-speed case rotate in the same direction;
  • the arches include left arches, right arches, I-beams for connecting the lower ends of the left arches and the right arches, and C-shaped beams for connecting the upper ends of the left arches and the right arches, and the C-shaped beams are used for the replacement of the rollers. Hang out above the rack to give way;
  • the roller system assembly includes an upper bearing seat and a lower bearing seat installed in the left arch and the right arch.
  • a compression sleeve is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the upper bearing seat, and the worm gear and worm are pressed down by the middle pressing screw.
  • the end part is arranged in the pressing sleeve, so as to realize the connection between the worm gear and the upper bearing seat, the upper transmission shaft and the upper sliding shaft are respectively arranged in the two upper bearing seats, and the upper transmission shaft and the upper sliding shaft are respectively arranged in the two lower bearing seats.
  • a lower transmission shaft and a lower sliding shaft are provided, the inner ends of the upper transmission shaft and the upper sliding shaft are integrally provided with an upper journal, and the inner ends of the lower transmission shaft and the lower sliding shaft are integrally provided with a lower shaft and the distance between the two lower journals is smaller than the distance between the two upper journals, the two lower journals are detachably connected to the left and right end surfaces of the lower roller, and the two upper journals are respectively It is detachably connected to the left and right end surfaces of the upper roller, and a separation sleeve is arranged between the upper sliding shaft and the upper bearing seat and between the lower sliding shaft and the lower bearing seat, and the separation shaft sleeve adopts an internal spline.
  • the upper sliding shaft or the lower sliding shaft adopts the external spline structure form
  • the separating sleeve is engaged with the upper sliding shaft or the lower sliding shaft, so that the upper sliding shaft and the lower sliding shaft have an axial sliding function and Torque transmission function
  • limit rings are clamped at both ends of the separation sleeve
  • a labyrinth sleeve is set between the limit ring and the upper bearing seat/lower bearing seat
  • the limit ring and the bearing end are provided with a labyrinth sleeve.
  • the outer ends of the upper sliding shaft and the lower sliding shaft are connected with a connecting sleeve main body by screws, and a connecting sleeve end cover is connected on the connecting sleeve main body through screws, and the connecting sleeve main body and the connecting sleeve end
  • the opposite surfaces of the cover are provided with installation grooves and limit grooves, and the end of the piston rod of the clamping hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected in the connection sleeve composed of the main body of the connection sleeve and the end cover of the connection sleeve.
  • An end bearing is arranged between the groove and the piston rod of the clamping hydraulic cylinder, and an annular limiting block corresponding to the limiting groove is arranged on the piston rod of the clamping hydraulic cylinder.
  • a No. 1 positioning hook for positioning the lower roller is integrally provided on the lower journal, and a No. 1 positioning surface corresponding to the No. 1 positioning hook is provided on the left and right sides of the lower roller.
  • the No. 1 positioning surface is provided with a No. 1 hook groove corresponding to the No. 1 positioning hook, and a No. 2 positioning surface for positioning the upper roller is integrally provided on the upper journal.
  • the left and right sides of the device are provided with No. 2 positioning hooks corresponding to the No. 2 positioning surfaces, and No. 2 hook grooves corresponding to the No. 2 positioning hooks are set on the No. 2 positioning surfaces.
  • guide keys in the vertical direction are arranged in the middle of the inner end faces of the lower journal and the upper journal, and guide keys corresponding to the guide keys are arranged on both sides of the lower roller and the upper roller. groove.
  • the inner end surfaces of the lower journal and the upper journal are provided with a horizontal keyway of No. 1, and both sides of the lower and upper rollers are provided with a keyway corresponding to the No. 1 key.
  • the No. 2 keyway is installed with reinforcing keys in the corresponding No. 1 keyway and No. 2 keyway to enhance the torque transmission capacity between the lower journal and the lower roller, as well as the upper journal and the upper roller.
  • the reinforcing key is fixedly connected to the adjacent lower journal and the lower roller or the upper journal and the upper roller by means of screws.
  • a plurality of No. 1 rectangular through holes are evenly arranged on both sides of the upper and lower rollers in a circumference, and the lower and upper journals are provided with a number 1 rectangular through hole.
  • T-shaped bolts are arranged in the corresponding No. 1 rectangular through holes and No. 2 rectangular through holes, and two clamping blocks are arranged at the inner end of the No.
  • Each of the clamping blocks is symmetrical with respect to the diagonal line of the No. 1 rectangular through hole, so that after the T-shaped head of the T-shaped bolt extends into the No. 2 rectangular through hole, it rotates 90 degrees and gets stuck between the two clamping blocks, preventing It rotates, and the other end of the T-shaped bolt is threaded through the No. 2 rectangular through hole and is connected with a nut.
  • an axial movement device is provided on the outer side of the lower bearing seat, the axial movement device includes a slider seat fixedly connected to the outer side of the lower bearing seat by bolts, and the protective sleeve is arranged on the slider seat On the outer end face of the outer end, the separation sleeve is connected with the lower bearing seat, the slider seat and the bearing end cover through the limit rings at both ends, so as to realize the mutual difference between the movement of the roller system assembly and the axial sliding of the lower sliding shaft.
  • a limit slider is arranged on the side of the movement adjustment block close to the left or right arch, and a The limit chute corresponding to the limit slider is hinged with a moving hydraulic cylinder at the lower end of the moving adjustment block, and the other end of the moving hydraulic cylinder is hinged on the left arch or the right arch to drive the moving
  • the adjustment block slides up and down, and a No.
  • a locking inclined surface slider is arranged on the outer side of the swaying adjustment block, and a locking block is also arranged on the outer side of the swaying adjustment block.
  • the No. 2 locking slope slider corresponding to the No. 2 locking slope slider, the No. 2 locking slope slider is pressed against the No. 1 locking slope slider to lock the moving adjustment block.
  • a plurality of locking chutes are arranged on the left and right arches, and a plurality of locking bolts corresponding to the locking chutes are arranged on the left and right arches to limit the locking block to the direction of the locking chutes.
  • a locking hydraulic cylinder is hinged on the lower end of the locking block, and the other end of the locking hydraulic cylinder is hinged on the arch.
  • a dovetail stop block in the left and right direction is arranged in the middle of the upper end face of the lower bearing seat, a prestressed bottom plate is arranged above the lower bearing seat, and a dovetail is arranged on the lower surface of the prestressed bottom plate.
  • the dovetail groove corresponding to the limit block is provided with a prestressed base at the front and rear of the upper surface of the prestressed base plate, and a prestressed screw is threadedly connected in the prestressed base, and the upper part of the prestressed screw is limited.
  • connection cover is clamped in the limit card slot, the connection cover is fixedly connected to the connection block on the lower surface of the upper bearing seat by screws, and the connection block is fixedly connected with the upper bearing seat.
  • a pressure sensor is arranged between the prestressed screw and the connecting block to detect the size of the prestress. Creep meters are embedded in the left and right arches to detect the deformation of the left and right arches. .
  • the guide device includes mounting seats fixed on the left arch and the right arch, and a transverse tie rod is jointly installed in the two mounting seats to apply lateral prestress between the left arch and the right arch,
  • a guide plate seat is sleeved on the tie rod, and both left and right ends of the outer side of the guide plate seat are provided with hinged ears, and a guide hydraulic cylinder is hinged on the hinged ears, and the upper ends of the two guide hydraulic cylinders are respectively Hinged on the left and right arches, a guide plate slot is arranged on the upper surface of the guide plate seat, the guide plate slot and the hinge ears are respectively located on both sides of the tie rod, a guide plate is arranged in the guide plate slot, the guide plate seat
  • the guide plate is connected by bolts, a bolt chute is provided on the guide plate, and a bolt stopper is rotatably clamped in the middle of the outer side of the guide plate, and the bolt stopper is fixedly connected to the end of the fastening bolt , the fastening bolts
  • the upper and lower surfaces of the left and right sides of the guide plate seat are provided with fixing frames, and the sides of the fixing frame are connected with the left arch or the right arch through screws to enhance the stability of the guide seat during the rolling process.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the two lower journals are detachably connected to the left and right end surfaces of the lower roller respectively, and the two upper journals are respectively detachably connected to the left and right end surfaces of the upper roller, which can realize the rapid connection between the upper and lower rollers and the upper and lower journals. Separation can realize the rapid transfer and installation of the rollers, meet the requirements of rapid mold replacement, and increase the flexibility of rolling;
  • the present invention can quickly replace the roll die according to the product rolling specifications, and the replacement time can be shortened from the traditional 2 days to 0.5 days to meet the requirements of the rolling rhythm of products of different specifications;
  • the clamping hydraulic cylinder of the present invention can increase a certain axial force during the rolling process of the axle, effectively eliminate the axial movement caused by rolling bearing clearance and machining errors, and avoid the asymmetry of the upper and lower molds caused by the above factors. , to improve product dimensions and accuracy;
  • the present invention can realize dynamic monitoring and adjustment of rolling force, prestress force, guide plate force and roll transverse force, and can realize intelligent control of large axle cross wedge rolling process.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the main transmission device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is the front view of the main transmission device of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a side view of the main transmission device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a side view of the main transmission device and the guide device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a partial enlarged view of frame A in Fig. 5 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a partial enlarged view of circle B in Fig. 5 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the upper roller of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a partial enlarged view of frame A in Fig. 8 of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a side view of the upper roller of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a side view of the lower roller of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a sectional view of the upper roller of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic side view of the installation of the upper roller of the present invention.
  • Fig. 14 is the sectional view of the A-A section in Fig. 13 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 16 is a partial enlarged view of circle C in Fig. 14 of the present invention.
  • 17 is a schematic structural diagram of the axial movement device of the present invention without a slider seat
  • Figure 18 is a top view of the axial movement device of the present invention without a slider seat
  • Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the movement adjustment block and the movement hydraulic cylinder of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 is a side view of the guide device of the present invention.
  • Figure 21 is a top view of the guide device of the present invention.
  • Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the lower sliding shaft and the separating sleeve of the present invention.
  • Fig. 23 is the top view of the archway of the present invention.
  • a large axle intelligent cross wedge rolling mill for rail transit comprising a main transmission device 1, an archway 2, a worm gear pressing 3, a roller system assembly 4 and a guide device 5;
  • the main transmission device 1 includes a main transmission motor 101, a first-stage reducer 102 and a sub-gearbox 103, the output shaft of the main transmission motor 101 is connected with the input shaft of the first-stage reducer 102, and the first-stage deceleration
  • the output shaft of the gear box 102 is connected with the input shaft of the sub-speed case 103, and the two output shafts of the sub-speed case 103 are respectively connected with the upper transmission shaft 404 and the lower transmission shaft 406 through the universal coupling 104;
  • the arch 2 includes a left arch 201, a right arch 202, an I-beam 203 for connecting the lower ends of the left arch 201 and the right arch 202, and a C-shaped beam 204 for connecting the upper end of the left arch 201 and the right arch 202.
  • the shaped beam 204 is used to make way for the replacement of the rolls;
  • the roller system assembly 4 includes an upper bearing seat 401 and a lower bearing seat 402 installed in the left arch 201 and the right arch 202, and a pressing sleeve 403 is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the upper bearing seat 401.
  • the end of the pressing screw in the pressing 3 is arranged in the pressing sleeve 403, so as to realize the connection between the worm gear pressing 3 and the upper bearing seat 401, and the upper transmission shaft 404 is respectively arranged in the two upper bearing seats 401.
  • the upper sliding shaft 405, a lower transmission shaft 406 and a lower sliding shaft 407 are respectively provided in the two lower bearing seats 402, and an upper journal 408 is integrally provided on the inner ends of the upper transmission shaft 404 and the upper sliding shaft 405.
  • the inner ends of the lower transmission shaft 406 and the lower sliding shaft 407 are integrally provided with a lower journal 409, and the distance between the two lower journals 409 is smaller than the distance between the two upper journals 408.
  • the two sides of the upper roller 452 and the lower roller 451 are uniformly provided with a plurality of No. 1 rectangular through holes 427 in the circumference, and the lower journal 409 and the upper journal 408 are provided with a No. 1 rectangular through hole 427.
  • the No. 2 rectangular through holes 428 corresponding to each other are provided with T-shaped bolts 429 in the corresponding No. 1 rectangular through holes 427 and the No. 2 rectangular through holes 428, and the inner ends of the No.
  • 1 rectangular through holes 427 are provided with Two clamping blocks 430, the two clamping blocks 430 are symmetrical to each other with respect to the diagonal line of the No. 1 rectangular through hole 427, so as to rotate 90 degrees after the T-shaped head of the T-shaped bolt 429 protrudes into the No. 2 rectangular through hole 428 , stuck between the two blocks 430 to prevent it from rotating, the other end of the T-shaped bolt 429 is screwed with a nut through the second rectangular through hole 428, and the lower journal 409 and the upper journal 408
  • the middle part of the inner end face is provided with a guide key 422 in a vertical direction, and guide grooves 423 corresponding to the guide key 422 are provided on both sides of the lower roller 451 and the upper roller 452.
  • the keyway 425 is provided with a reinforcing key 426 in the corresponding No. 1 keyway 424 and No.2 keyway 425 to elevate the torque transmission between the lower journal 409 and the lower roller 451 and the upper journal 408 and the upper roller 452
  • the reinforcing key 426 is fixedly connected to the adjacent lower journal 409 and the lower roller 451 or the upper journal 408 and the upper roller 452 by screws.
  • the No. 1 positioning hook 418 positioned by the lower roller 451 is provided with a No.
  • a separation bushing 454 is provided, and the separation bushing 454 and the upper sliding shaft 405 or the lower sliding shaft 407 are splined.
  • a limit ring 455 is clamped at both ends of the separation sleeve 454, a labyrinth sleeve 460 is arranged between the limit ring 455 and the upper bearing seat 401/lower bearing seat 402,
  • a number of positioning sleeves 461 are arranged between the position ring 455 and the bearing end cover 412, so that the separation sleeve 454, the bearing end cover 412, the upper bearing seat 401/lower bearing seat 402 are connected as a whole.
  • the outer ends of the sliding shaft 405 and the lower sliding shaft 407 can be rotatably connected to the piston rod end of the clamping hydraulic cylinder 410, and the cylinder body of the clamping hydraulic cylinder 410 is fixedly installed on the protective sleeve 411, and the protective sleeve 411 is connected with the bearing end cover 412 arranged on the upper bearing seat 401 or the lower bearing seat 402, and the outer ends of the upper sliding shaft 405 and the lower sliding shaft 407 are connected with the connecting sleeve main body 413 by screws.
  • the sleeve main body 413 is connected with the connecting sleeve end cover 414 by screws.
  • the opposite surfaces of the connecting sleeve main body 413 and the connecting sleeve end cover 414 are provided with installation grooves 415 and limit grooves 416.
  • On the connecting sleeve main body 413 The end of the piston rod of the clamping hydraulic cylinder 410 is rotatably connected in the connecting sleeve formed with the connecting sleeve end cover 414, and a bearing is provided between the installation groove 415 and the piston rod of the clamping hydraulic cylinder 410, The piston rod of the clamping hydraulic cylinder 410 is provided with an annular limit block 417 corresponding to the limit groove 416;
  • the device includes a slider seat 431 fixedly connected to the outer side of the lower bearing seat 402 by bolts, the protective sleeve 411 is arranged on the outer end surface of the slider seat 431, and the separation sleeve 454 is connected to the lower bearing seat through the limit rings 455 at both ends.
  • the slider seat 431 and the bearing end cover 412 are connected as a whole, so that the movement of the roller system assembly 4 and the axial sliding of the lower sliding shaft 407 do not interfere with each other.
  • There is a tilt slider 432 the tilt slider 432 is slidably arranged in the tilt chute 453 on the swing adjustment block 433, and the swing adjustment block 433 is moved up and down to stretch or press the tilt slider 432, thereby realizing the lowering.
  • a limit slider 434 is provided on the side of the movement adjustment block 433 close to the left arch 201 or the right arch 202, and a limiter 434 is provided on the left arch 201 or the right arch 202
  • the limit chute 435 corresponding to the position slider 434 is hingedly connected with a swing hydraulic cylinder 436 at the lower end of the swing adjustment block 433 .
  • the other end of the pressure cylinder 436 is hinged on the left arch 201 or the right arch 202 to drive the movement adjustment block 433 to slide up and down, and a No.
  • a locking block 438 is also provided on the outer side of the movement adjustment block 433, on the locking block 438 is a second locking ramp slider 439 corresponding to the first locking ramp slider 437, through the second locking ramp slider 439
  • the locking ramp slider 439 presses the No. 1 locking ramp slider 437 to lock the movement adjustment block 433 .
  • the locking block 438 is provided with a plurality of locking chutes 440 .
  • 201 and the right arch 202 are provided with a plurality of locking bolts 441 corresponding to the locking chute 440 to limit the locking block 438 to slide only in the direction of the locking chute 440.
  • the lower end of 438 is hinged with a locking hydraulic cylinder 442, and the other end of the locking hydraulic cylinder 442 is hinged on the archway 2; in the middle of the upper end face of the lower bearing seat 402, a left and right dovetail limit block 443 is arranged, A prestressed bottom plate 444 is provided above the lower bearing seat 402 , a dovetail groove 445 corresponding to the dovetail stop block 443 is provided on the lower surface of the prestressed bottom plate 444 , and the upper surface of the prestressed bottom plate 444 is provided with a dovetail groove 445 .
  • the front and rear parts are provided with a prestressed base 446 , and a prestressed screw 447 is threadedly connected to the prestressed base 446 .
  • the upper part of the prestressed screw 447 is provided with a limit slot 448 , in the limit slot 448.
  • the connection cover 449 is clamped, and the connection cover 449 is fixedly connected to the connection block 450 on the lower surface of the upper bearing seat 401 by screws, and the connection block 450 is fixedly connected to the upper bearing seat 401.
  • a pressure sensor 458 is arranged between the connection blocks 450 to detect the magnitude of the prestress, and creep gauges 459 are embedded in the left and right arches 201 and 202 to detect the deformation of the left and right arches 201 and 202 quantity.
  • the guide device 5 includes a mounting seat 501 fixed on the left arch 201 and the right arch 202.
  • a transverse tie rod 502 is installed in the 501 to apply a lateral prestress between the left arch 201 and the right arch 202.
  • a guide plate seat 503 is sleeved on the transverse tie rod 502, and the left and right ends of the outer side of the guide plate seat 503 are
  • a hinged lug 504 is provided, and a guide hydraulic cylinder 505 is hinged on the hinged lug 504.
  • the upper ends of the two guide hydraulic cylinders 505 are hinged on the left arch 201 and the right arch 202 respectively.
  • a guide plate groove 506 is provided on the upper surface of the guide plate groove 506, the guide plate groove 506 and the hinge ears 504 are respectively located on both sides of the tie rod 502, a guide plate 507 is arranged in the guide plate groove 506, and the guide plate seat 503 is connected with the guide plate 507 by bolts, A bolt chute 509 is provided on the guide plate 507 , and a bolt limit block 510 is rotatably clamped in the middle of the outer side of the guide plate 507 , and the bolt limit block 510 is fixedly connected to the end of the fastening bolt 511 .
  • the fastening bolt 511 is threadedly connected with the outer side wall of the guide plate slot 506, a spacer 512 is provided between the guide plate 507 and the outer side wall of the guide plate slot 506, and the spacer block 512 is connected with the guide plate seat 503 by screws,
  • a No. 2 pressure sensor 514 is arranged between the spacer 512 and the guide plate 507
  • a guide plate strip 508 is connected to the inner end of the guide plate 507 by bolts, and the upper and lower surfaces of the left and right sides of the guide plate seat 503 are provided with fixed A frame 513, the side of the fixing frame 513 is connected with the left arch 201 or the right arch 202 by screws, so as to enhance the stability of the guide plate seat 503 during the rolling process.

Abstract

一种轨道交通用大型车轴智能楔横轧机，两个下轴颈（409）分别与下辊筒（451）的左右端面可拆卸连接，两个上轴颈（408）分别与上辊筒(452)的左右端面可拆卸连接，在上滑动轴(405)与上轴承座（401）之间以及下滑动轴（407）与下轴承座(402)之间均设置有分离轴套(454)，分离轴套采用内花齿键结构形式，上滑动轴或下滑动轴采用外花齿键结构形式，分离轴套与上滑动轴或下滑动轴啮合连接，能够实现上下辊筒与上下轴颈的快速分离，实现辊筒的快速调出与快速安装，满足快速更换要求，增加轧制的灵活性。

Description

一种轨道交通用大型车轴智能楔横轧机 技术领域
本发明属于轴类零件塑性成形设备技术领域，具体涉及一种轨道交通用大型车轴智能楔横轧机。
背景技术
大型车轴是高铁、轨道交通、大型工程机械等领域核心零部件，需求日益增加。而传统大型轴类零件制备方式主要采用快锻机与精锻机锻造制备而成，快锻过程需要人为干预，生产周期长、产品精度低、能耗高、效率低，后续生产过程需要进行繁重的冷加工，切削量多的同时极大的破坏了产品表面的金属流线，降低产品的力学性能；精锻机完全被国外企业垄断，尽管锻造速度可以比快锻的速度提升一倍以上且切削量有效减少，但制备一根车轴仍至少需要4分钟以上，后续加工损耗以及产品力学性能依旧没有得到改善，设备投入产出比较低，质量稳定性差。
楔横轧是一种高效清洁的零件塑性成形技术，与目前现有生产方法比较，主要优点为：1)生产效率提高2～3倍；2)节材率提高10～25％；3)产品精度高，减少机加工工序；4)无冲击、低噪音；5)生产成本可下降30％左右。以生产火车RD2车轴为例：单支车轴制备时间可从10分钟降低为1分钟，生产效率提高3～5倍，节材50～100Kg，节材率提高10～20％。因此，采用楔横轧技术制备轨道交通用大型车轴不仅提高车轴成形效率和精度，而且由于保留热加工金属流线，可以提高车轴寿命。
目前，世界上最大规格的楔横轧机只能轧制直径150mm、长度1200mm以下的大型轴类，而针对高铁、轨道交通、大型工程机械等领域所需直径200～250mm、长度2000～2800mm的大型轴类零件产品，对射设备的整体设计及 关键结构可靠性带来要求，且轧机模具外形尺寸与重量较大，现有楔横轧设备结构形式及模具更换方式均无法满足大型车轴高效制备的需求，同时对轧机工作状态无法动态实施监控，对设备的寿命及工作效果难以充分掌握，那么采用何种结构形式与方式来解决上述问题就显得至关重要，因此提出新型智能楔横轧机结构形式，克服以上难题至关重要。
传统楔横轧机设计过程中，由于传统轧机轧制力能数值较小，因此设备的机构较小，设备结构可靠性较高，对应模具的重量与尺寸也较小，不存在设备容易损坏的风险。但是针对于大型车轴楔横轧机装备，由于轧辊的直径为1800mm，轧制力能可以达到Max820吨，模具宽度最大达到2900mm，设备的力能要求较高且各个关键结构形式与功能是否满足生产要求难以确定，如果仍然采用传统的结构形式，极大地影响大型车轴楔横轧机的使用效果。
发明内容
本发明针对上述问题提供了一种轨道交通用大型车轴智能楔横轧机。
为达到上述目的本发明采用了以下技术方案：
一种轨道交通用大型车轴智能楔横轧机，包括主传动装置、牌坊、蜗轮蜗杆压下、辊系装配和导卫装置；
所述主传动装置包括主传动电机、一级减速器和分速箱，所述主传动电机的输出轴与所述一级减速器的输入轴连接，所述一级减速器的输出轴与所述分速箱的输入轴连接，所述分速箱的两个输出轴分别通过万向联轴器与上传动轴和下传动轴连接，所述分速箱的两个输出轴同向旋转；
所述牌坊包括左牌坊、右牌坊、用于连接左牌坊和右牌坊下端的工字梁和用于连接左牌坊和右牌坊上端的C形梁，所述C形梁用于为更换的轧辊从机架 上方吊出让位；
所述蜗轮蜗杆压下有两套分别安装在左牌坊和右牌坊的上端；
所述辊系装配包括安装在左牌坊和右牌坊内的上轴承座和下轴承座，在所述上轴承座的上表面固定设置有压紧套，所述蜗轮蜗杆压下中压下螺丝的端部设置在压紧套内，从而实现蜗轮蜗杆压下与上轴承座的连接，在两个所述上轴承座内分别设置有上传动轴和上滑动轴，在两个下轴承座内分别设置有下传动轴和下滑动轴，在所述上传动轴和上滑动轴的内侧端均一体设置有上轴颈，在所述下传动轴和下滑动轴的内侧端均一体设置有下轴颈，且两个下轴颈之间的距离小于两个上轴颈之间的距离，两个所述下轴颈分别与下辊筒的左右端面可拆卸连接，两个所述上轴颈分别与上辊筒的左右端面可拆卸连接，在所述上滑动轴与上轴承座之间以及下滑动轴与下轴承座之间均设置有分离轴套，所述分离轴套采用内花齿键结构形式，所述上滑动轴或下滑动轴采用外花齿键结构形式，所述分离轴套与上滑动轴或下滑动轴啮合连接，使上滑动轴和下滑动轴具有轴向滑动功能与传递扭矩功能，在所述分离轴套的两端均卡装有限位环，在所述限位环与上轴承座/下轴承座之间设置有迷宫套，在所述限位环与轴承端盖之间设置有若干个定位轴套，以使分离轴套、轴承端盖、上轴承座/下轴承座三者连接为一体，在所述上滑动轴和下滑动轴的外侧端均可转动的连接有夹紧液压缸的活塞杆端部，所述夹紧液压缸的缸体固定安装在保护套上，所述保护套与设置在上轴承座或下轴承座上的轴承端盖连接，夹紧液压缸的伸缩可实现上滑动轴和下滑动轴轴向窜动；
所述导卫装置有两套分别设置在牌坊的前侧面和后侧面。
进一步，在所述上滑动轴和下滑动轴的外侧端均通过螺钉连接有连接套主体，在所述连接套主体上通过螺钉连接有连接套端盖，在所述连接套主体和连 接套端盖的相对面上均设置有安装槽和限位槽，在所述连接套主体和连接套端盖组成的连接套内可转动的连接有夹紧液压缸的活塞杆端部，在所述安装槽与夹紧液压缸的活塞杆之间设置有端面轴承，在所述夹紧液压缸的活塞杆上设置有与限位槽相对应的环形限位块。
再进一步，在所述下轴颈上一体设置有用于对下辊筒定位的一号定位勾，在所述下辊筒的左右两侧设置有与一号定位勾相对应的一号定位面，在所述一号定位面上设置有与一号定位勾对应的一号勾槽，在所述上轴颈上一体设置有用于对上辊筒定位的二号定位面，在所述上辊筒的左右两侧设置有与二号定位面相对应的二号定位勾，在所述二号定位面上设置有与二号定位勾相对应的二号勾槽。
更进一步，在所述下轴颈和上轴颈内侧端面的中部均设置有竖直方向的导向键，在所述下辊筒和上辊筒的两侧面均设置有与导向键相对应的导向槽。
更进一步，在所述下轴颈和上轴颈的内侧端面上均设置有水平方向的一号键槽，在所述下辊筒和上辊筒的两侧面上均设置有与一号键槽相对应的二号键槽，在相互对应的一号键槽和二号键槽内共同安装有加强键，以增强下轴颈与下辊筒，以及上轴颈与上辊筒之间扭矩传递的能力，所述加强键通过螺钉固定连接在相邻的下轴颈与下辊筒或者上轴颈与上辊筒上。
更进一步，在所述上辊筒和下辊筒的两侧面呈圆周均匀设置有多个一号矩形通孔，在所述下轴颈与上轴颈上均设置有与一号矩形通孔相互对应的二号矩形通孔，在相互对应的一号矩形通孔和二号矩形通孔内共同设置有T形螺栓，在所述一号矩形通孔的内侧端设置有两个卡块，两个所述卡块关于一号矩形通孔的斜对角线相互对称，实现在T形螺栓的T形头伸入二号矩形通孔后旋转90度而卡在两个卡块之间，防止其自转，所述T形螺栓的另一端穿过二号矩形通 孔螺纹连接有螺母，当需要拆卸上辊筒和下辊筒时，松开T形螺栓并反向旋转90度，即可T形螺栓的快速拔出。
更进一步，在所述下轴承座的外侧面设置有轴向窜动装置，所述轴向窜动装置包括通过螺栓固定连接在下轴承座外侧的滑块座，所述保护套设置在滑块座的外端面上，所述分离轴套通过两端的限位环与下轴承座、滑块座、轴承端盖连接为一体，以实现辊系装配的窜动与下滑动轴的轴向滑动互不干扰，在所述滑块座的前后两侧均设置有倾斜滑块，所述倾斜滑块滑动设置在窜动调整块上的倾斜滑槽内，通过上下移动窜动调整块来撑开或压紧倾斜滑块，进而实现下轴承座的轴向窜动，在所述窜动调整块靠近左牌坊或右牌坊的一侧设置有限位滑块，在所述左牌坊或右牌坊上设置有与限位滑块对应的限位滑槽，在所述窜动调整块的下端铰接有窜动液压缸，所述窜动液压缸的另一端铰接在左牌坊或右牌坊上，用以驱动窜动调整块上下滑动，在所述窜动调整块的外侧设置有一号锁紧斜面滑块，在所述窜动调整块的外侧还设置有锁紧块，在所述锁紧块上设置有与一号锁紧斜面滑块相对应的二号锁紧斜面滑块，通过二号锁紧斜面滑块压紧一号锁紧斜面滑块实现对窜动调整块的锁紧，在所述锁紧块上设置有多个锁紧滑槽，在所述左牌坊和右牌坊上均设置有多个与锁紧滑槽相对应的锁紧螺栓，以限制锁紧块只能沿锁紧滑槽的方向进行滑动，在所述锁紧块的下端铰接有锁紧液压缸，所述锁紧液压缸的另一端铰接在牌坊上。
更进一步，在所述下轴承座上端面的中部设置有左右方向的燕尾限位块，在所述下轴承座的上方设置有预应力底板，在所述预应力底板的下表面设置有与燕尾限位块相对应的燕尾槽，在所述预应力底板上表面的前后部均设置有预应力底座，在所述预应力底座内螺纹连接有预应力螺杆，所述预应力螺杆的上部设置有限位卡槽，在所述限位卡槽内卡装有连接盖，所述连接盖通过螺钉固 定连接在上轴承座下表面的连接块上，所述连接块与上轴承座固定连接，在所述预应力螺杆与连接块上之间设置有一号压力传感器，用于检测预应力的大小，在所述左牌坊和右牌坊内部均镶嵌有蠕变仪，以检测左牌坊和右牌坊的变形量。
更进一步，所述导卫装置包括固定在左牌坊和右牌坊上的安装座，在两个所述安装座内共同安装有横拉杆，以在左牌坊和右牌坊之间施加横向预应力，在所述横拉杆上套装有导板座，在所述导板座外侧的左右两端均设置有铰接耳，在所述铰接耳上铰接有导卫液压缸，两个所述导卫液压缸的上端分别铰接在左牌坊和右牌坊上，在所述导板座的上表面设置有导板槽，所述导板槽和铰接耳分别位于横拉杆的两侧，在所述导板槽内设置导板，所述导板座通过螺栓与导板连接，在所述导板上设置有螺栓滑槽，在所述导板外侧的中部可转动的卡装有螺栓限位块，所述螺栓限位块固定连接在紧固螺栓的端部，所述紧固螺栓与导板槽的外侧壁螺纹连接，在所述导板与导板槽的外侧壁之间设置有垫块，所述垫块通过螺钉与导板座连接，所述垫块与导板之间设置有二号压力传感器，在所述导板的内侧端通过螺栓连接有导板条。
更进一步，在所述导板座左右两侧的上下表面均设置有固定架，所述固定架的侧面通过螺钉与左牌坊或右牌坊连接，以增强导板座在轧制过程中的稳定性。
与现有技术相比本发明具有以下优点：
1、本发明中两个下轴颈分别与下辊筒的左右端面可拆卸连接，两个上轴颈分别与上辊筒的左右端面可拆卸连接，能够实现上下辊筒与上下轴颈的快速分离，可以实现辊筒的快速调出与快速安装，满足模具快速更换的要求，增加轧制的灵活性；
2、本发明可以根据产品轧制规格，快速更换轧辊模具，更换时间可以从传 统的2天缩减至0.5天，满足不同规格产品轧制节奏的需求；
3、本发明的夹紧液压缸可以在车轴轧制过程增加一定的轴向力，有效消除轧制轴承游隙及加工误差引起的轴向窜动，规避上下模具因上述因素引起的不对称现象，提高产品的外形尺寸与精度；
4、本发明可以实现对轧制力、预应力、导板力以及轧辊横向力进行动态监测及调整，可以实现大型车轴楔横轧过程智能控制。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为本发明主传动装置的结构示意图；
图3为本发明无主传动装置的主视图；
图4为本发明无主传动装置的侧视图；
图5为本发明无主传动装置及导卫装置的侧视图；
图6为本发明图5中框A的局部放大图；
图7为本发明图5中圈B的局部放大图；
图8为本发明上辊筒的安装结构示意图；
图9为本发明图8中框A的局部放大图；
图10为本发明上辊筒的侧视图；
图11为本发明下辊筒的侧视图；
图12为本发明上辊筒的剖视图；
图13为本发明上辊筒安装的侧面示意图；
图14为本发明图13中A-A截面的剖视图；
图15为本发明下辊筒的安装结构示意图；
图16为本发明图14中圈C的局部放大图；
图17为本发明轴向窜动装置无滑块座的结构示意图；
图18为本发明轴向窜动装置无滑块座的俯视图；
图19为本发明窜动调整块与窜动液压缸的连接示意图；
图20为本发明导卫装置的侧视图；
图21为本发明导卫装置的俯视图；
图22为本发明下滑动轴与分离轴套的连接示意图；
图23为本发明牌坊的俯视图；
图中，主传动装置—1、牌坊—2、蜗轮蜗杆压下—3、辊系装配—4、导卫装置—5、主传动电机—101、一级减速器—102、分速箱—103、万向联轴器—104、左牌坊—201、右牌坊—202、工字梁—203、C形梁—204、上轴承座—401、下轴承座—402、压紧套—403、上传动轴—404、上滑动轴—405、下传动轴—406、下滑动轴—407、上轴颈—408、下轴颈—409、夹紧液压缸—410、保护套—411、轴承端盖—412、连接套主体—413、连接套端盖—414、安装槽—415、限位槽—416、环形限位块—417、一号定位勾—418、一号定位面—419、二号定位面—420、二号定位勾—421、导向键—422、导向槽—423、一号键槽—424、二号键槽—425、加强键—426、一号矩形通孔—427、二号矩形通孔—428、T形螺栓—429、卡块—430、滑块座—431、倾斜滑块—432、窜动调整块—433、限位滑块—434、限位滑槽—435、窜动液压缸—436、一号锁紧斜面滑块—437、锁紧块—438、二号锁紧斜面滑块—439、锁紧滑槽—440、锁紧螺栓—441、锁紧液压缸—442、燕尾限位块—443、预应力底板—444、燕尾槽—445、预应力底座—446、预应力螺杆—447、限位卡槽—448、连接盖—449、连接块—450、 下辊筒—451、上辊筒—452、倾斜滑槽—453、分离轴套—454、限位环—455、一号勾槽—456、二号勾槽—457、一号压力传感器—458、蠕变仪—459、迷宫套—460、定位轴套—461、安装座—501、横拉杆—502、导板座—503、铰接耳—504、导卫液压缸—505、导板槽—506、导板—507、导板条—508、螺栓滑槽—509、螺栓限位块—510、紧固螺栓—511、垫块—512、固定架—513、二号压力传感器—514。
具体实施方式
为了进一步阐述本发明的技术方案，下面通过实施例对本发明进行进一步说明。
一种轨道交通用大型车轴智能楔横轧机，包括主传动装置1、牌坊2、蜗轮蜗杆压下3、辊系装配4和导卫装置5；
所述主传动装置1包括主传动电机101、一级减速器102和分速箱103，所述主传动电机101的输出轴与所述一级减速器102的输入轴连接，所述一级减速器102的输出轴与所述分速箱103的输入轴连接，所述分速箱103的两个输出轴分别通过万向联轴器104与上传动轴404和下传动轴406连接；
所述牌坊2包括左牌坊201、右牌坊202、用于连接左牌坊201和右牌坊202下端的工字梁203和用于连接左牌坊201和右牌坊202上端的C形梁204，所述C形梁204用于为轧辊的更换让位；
所述蜗轮蜗杆压下3有两套分别安装在左牌坊201和右牌坊202的上端；
所述辊系装配4包括安装在左牌坊201和右牌坊202内的上轴承座401和下轴承座402，在所述上轴承座401的上表面固定设置有压紧套403，所述蜗轮蜗杆压下3中压下螺丝的端部设置在压紧套403内，从而实现蜗轮蜗杆压下3 与上轴承座401的连接，在两个所述上轴承座401内分别设置有上传动轴404和上滑动轴405，在两个下轴承座402内分别设置有下传动轴406和下滑动轴407，在所述上传动轴404和上滑动轴405的内侧端均一体设置有上轴颈408，在所述下传动轴406和下滑动轴407的内侧端均一体设置有下轴颈409，且两个下轴颈409之间的距离小于两个上轴颈408之间的距离，在所述上辊筒452和下辊筒451的两侧面呈圆周均匀设置有多个一号矩形通孔427，在所述下轴颈409与上轴颈408上均设置有与一号矩形通孔427相互对应的二号矩形通孔428，在相互对应的一号矩形通孔427和二号矩形通孔428内共同设置有T形螺栓429，在所述一号矩形通孔427的内侧端设置有两个卡块430，两个所述卡块430关于一号矩形通孔427的斜对角线相互对称，以在T形螺栓429的T形头伸入二号矩形通孔428后旋转90度，卡在两个卡块430之间，从而防止其自转，所述T形螺栓429的另一端穿过二号矩形通孔428螺纹连接有螺母，在所述下轴颈409和上轴颈408内侧端面的中部均设置有竖直方向的导向键422，在所述下辊筒451和上辊筒452的两侧面均设置有与导向键422相对应的导向槽423，在所述下轴颈409和上轴颈408的内侧端面上均设置有水平方向的一号键槽424，在所述下辊筒451和上辊筒452的两侧面上均设置有与一号键槽424相对应的二号键槽425，在相互对应的一号键槽424和二号键槽425内共同安装有加强键426，以提升下轴颈409与下辊筒451，以及上轴颈408与上辊筒452之间扭矩传递的能力，所述加强键426通过螺钉固定连接在相邻的下轴颈409与下辊筒451或者上轴颈408与上辊筒452上，在所述下轴颈409上一体设置有用于对下辊筒451定位的一号定位勾418，在所述下辊筒451的左右两侧设置有与一号定位勾418相对应的一号定位面419，在所述一号定位面419上设置有与一号定位勾418对应的一号勾槽456，在所述上轴颈408上一体设置有用于对上辊筒452 定位的二号定位面420，在所述上辊筒452的左右两侧设置有与二号定位面420相对应的二号定位勾421，在所述二号定位面420上设置有与二号定位勾421相对应的二号勾槽457，在所述上滑动轴405与上轴承座401之间以及下滑动轴407与下轴承座402之间均设置有分离轴套454，所述分离轴套454与上滑动轴405或下滑动轴407采用花键的方式连接，在所述分离轴套454的两端均卡装有限位环455，在所述限位环455与上轴承座401/下轴承座402之间设置有迷宫套460，在所述限位环455与轴承端盖412之间设置有若干个定位轴套461，以使分离轴套454、轴承端盖412、上轴承座401/下轴承座402三者连接为一体，在所述上滑动轴405和下滑动轴407的外侧端均可转动的连接有夹紧液压缸410的活塞杆端部，所述夹紧液压缸410的缸体固定安装在保护套411上，所述保护套411与设置在上轴承座401或下轴承座402上的轴承端盖412连接，在所述上滑动轴405和下滑动轴407的外侧端均通过螺钉连接有连接套主体413，在所述连接套主体413上通过螺钉连接有连接套端盖414，在所述连接套主体413和连接套端盖414的相对面上均设置有安装槽415和限位槽416，在所述连接套主体413和连接套端盖414组成的连接套内可转动的连接有夹紧液压缸410的活塞杆端部，在所述安装槽415与夹紧液压缸410的活塞杆之间设置有轴承，在所述夹紧液压缸410的活塞杆上设置有与限位槽416相对应的环形限位块417；在所述下轴承座402的外侧面设置有轴向窜动装置，所述轴向窜动装置包括通过螺栓固定连接在下轴承座402外侧的滑块座431，所述保护套411设置在滑块座431的外端面上，所述分离轴套454通过两端的限位环455与下轴承座402、滑块座431、轴承端盖412连接为一体，以实现辊系装配4的窜动与下滑动轴407的轴向滑动互不干扰，在所述滑块座431的前后两侧均设置有倾斜滑块432，所述倾斜滑块432滑动设置在窜动调整块433上的倾斜滑槽453内，通 过上下移动窜动调整块433来撑开或压紧倾斜滑块432，进而实现下轴承座402的轴向窜动，在所述窜动调整块433靠近左牌坊201或右牌坊202的一侧设置有限位滑块434，在所述左牌坊201或右牌坊202上设置有与限位滑块434对应的限位滑槽435，在所述窜动调整块433的下端铰接有窜动液压缸436，所述窜动液压缸436的另一端铰接在左牌坊201或右牌坊202上，用以驱动窜动调整块433上下滑动，在所述窜动调整块433的外侧设置有一号锁紧斜面滑块437，在所述窜动调整块433的外侧还设置有锁紧块438，在所述锁紧块438上设置有与一号锁紧斜面滑块437相对应的二号锁紧斜面滑块439，通过二号锁紧斜面滑块439压紧一号锁紧斜面滑块437实现对窜动调整块433的锁紧，在所述锁紧块438上设置有多个锁紧滑槽440，在所述左牌坊201和右牌坊202上均设置有多个与锁紧滑槽440相对应的锁紧螺栓441，以限制锁紧块438只能沿锁紧滑槽440的方向进行滑动，在所述锁紧块438的下端铰接有锁紧液压缸442，所述锁紧液压缸442的另一端铰接在牌坊2上；在所述下轴承座402上端面的中部设置有左右方向的燕尾限位块443，在所述下轴承座402的上方设置有预应力底板444，在所述预应力底板444的下表面设置有与燕尾限位块443相对应的燕尾槽445，在所述预应力底板444上表面的前后部均设置有预应力底座446，在所述预应力底座446内螺纹连接有预应力螺杆447，所述预应力螺杆447的上部设置有限位卡槽448，在所述限位卡槽448内卡装有连接盖449，所述连接盖449通过螺钉固定连接在上轴承座401下表面的连接块450上，所述连接块450与上轴承座401固定连接，在所述预应力螺杆447与连接块450之间设置有一号压力传感器458，用于检测预应力的大小，在所述左牌坊201和右牌坊202内部均镶嵌有蠕变仪459，以检测左牌坊201和右牌坊202的变形量。
所述导卫装置5有两套分别设置在牌坊2的前侧面和后侧面，所述导卫装 置5包括固定在左牌坊201和右牌坊202上的安装座501，在两个所述安装座501内共同安装有横拉杆502，以在左牌坊201和右牌坊202之间施加横向预应力，在所述横拉杆502上套装有导板座503，在所述导板座503外侧的左右两端均设置有铰接耳504，在所述铰接耳504上铰接有导卫液压缸505，两个所述导卫液压缸505的上端分别铰接在左牌坊201和右牌坊202上，在所述导板座503的上表面设置有导板槽506，所述导板槽506和铰接耳504分别位于横拉杆502的两侧，在所述导板槽506内设置导板507，所述导板座503通过螺栓与导板507连接，在所述导板507上设置有螺栓滑槽509，在所述导板507外侧的中部可转动的卡装有螺栓限位块510，所述螺栓限位块510固定连接在紧固螺栓511的端部，所述紧固螺栓511与导板槽506的外侧壁螺纹连接，在所述导板507与导板槽506的外侧壁之间设置有垫块512，所述垫块512通过螺钉与导板座503连接，所述垫块512与导板507之间设置有二号压力传感器514，在所述导板507的内侧端通过螺栓连接有导板条508，在所述导板座503左右两侧的上下表面均设置有固定架513，所述固定架513的侧面通过螺钉与左牌坊201或右牌坊202连接，以增强导板座503在轧制过程中的稳定性。
工作原理：当需要更换模具时，先松开T形螺栓429，并旋转90度，快速拿出，再拆除加强键426，实现上轴颈408与上辊筒452之间以及下轴颈409与下辊筒451之间的分离，然后将上辊筒452吊出，上辊筒452吊出后导卫液压缸505伸出，使导板座503翻转90度，完成让位，随后将下辊筒451吊出，实现上辊筒452与下辊筒451的拆除，当模具更换完以后反向操作，重新将上辊筒452和下辊筒451安装进轧机中，当需要更换导板条508时，先将垫块512取下，再拧动紧固螺栓511将导板507拉回，直至导板507翻转时不会与上辊筒452相碰撞为止，随后导卫液压缸505伸出，使导板座503翻转90度，使导 板507翻出，即可对导板条508进行拆卸更换。
以上显示和描述了本发明的主要特征和优点,对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种轨道交通用大型车轴智能楔横轧机，其特征在于：包括主传动装置(1)、牌坊(2)、蜗轮蜗杆压下(3)、辊系装配(4)和导卫装置(5)；
    所述主传动装置(1)包括主传动电机(101)、一级减速器(102)和分速箱(103)，所述主传动电机(101)的输出轴与所述一级减速器(102)的输入轴连接，所述一级减速器(102)的输出轴与所述分速箱(103)的输入轴连接，所述分速箱(103)的两个输出轴分别通过万向联轴器(104)与上传动轴(404)和下传动轴(406)连接，所述分速箱(103)的两个输出轴同向旋转；
    所述牌坊(2)包括左牌坊(201)、右牌坊(202)、用于连接左牌坊(201)和右牌坊(202)下端的工字梁(203)和用于连接左牌坊(201)和右牌坊(202)上端的C形梁(204)，所述C形梁(204)用于为更换的轧辊从机架上方吊出让位；
    所述蜗轮蜗杆压下(3)有两套分别安装在左牌坊(201)和右牌坊(202)的上端；
    所述辊系装配(4)包括安装在左牌坊(201)和右牌坊(202)内的上轴承座(401)和下轴承座(402)，在所述上轴承座(401)的上表面固定设置有压紧套(403)，所述蜗轮蜗杆压下(3)中压下螺丝的端部设置在压紧套(403)内，从而实现蜗轮蜗杆压下(3)与上轴承座(401)的连接，在两个所述上轴承座(401)内分别设置有上传动轴(404)和上滑动轴(405)，在两个下轴承座(402)内分别设置有下传动轴(406)和下滑动轴(407)，在所述上传动轴(404)和上滑动轴(405)的内侧端均一体设置有上轴颈(408)，在所述下传动轴(406)和下滑动轴(407)的内侧端均一体设置有下轴颈(409)，且两个下轴颈(409)之间的距离小于两个上轴颈(408)之间的距离，两个所述下轴颈(409)分别与下辊筒(451)的左右端面可拆卸连接，两个所述上轴颈(408) 分别与上辊筒(452)的左右端面可拆卸连接，在所述上滑动轴(405)与上轴承座(401)之间以及下滑动轴(407)与下轴承座(402)之间均设置有分离轴套(454)，所述分离轴套(454)采用内花齿键结构形式，所述上滑动轴(405)或下滑动轴(407)采用外花齿键结构形式，所述分离轴套(454)与上滑动轴(405)或下滑动轴(407)啮合连接，使上滑动轴(405)和下滑动轴(407)具有轴向滑动功能与传递扭矩功能，在所述分离轴套(454)的两端均卡装有限位环(455)，在所述限位环(455)与上轴承座(401)/下轴承座(402)之间设置有迷宫套(460)，在所述限位环(455)与轴承端盖(412)之间设置有若干个定位轴套(461)，以使分离轴套(454)、轴承端盖(412)、上轴承座(401)/下轴承座(402)三者连接为一体，在所述上滑动轴(405)和下滑动轴(407)的外侧端均可转动的连接有夹紧液压缸(410)的活塞杆端部，所述夹紧液压缸(410)的缸体固定安装在保护套(411)上，所述保护套(411)与设置在上轴承座(401)或下轴承座(402)上的轴承端盖(412)连接，夹紧液压缸(410)的伸缩可实现上滑动轴(405)和下滑动轴(407)轴向窜动；
    所述导卫装置(5)有两套分别设置在牌坊(2)的前侧面和后侧面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种轨道交通用大型车轴智能楔横轧机，其特征在于：在所述上滑动轴(405)和下滑动轴(407)的外侧端均通过螺钉连接有连接套主体(413)，在所述连接套主体(413)上通过螺钉连接有连接套端盖(414)，在所述连接套主体(413)和连接套端盖(414)的相对面上均设置有安装槽(415)和限位槽(416)，在所述连接套主体(413)和连接套端盖(414)组成的连接套内可转动的连接有夹紧液压缸(410)的活塞杆端部，在所述安装槽(415)与夹紧液压缸(410)的活塞杆之间设置有端面轴承，在所述夹紧液压缸(410)的活塞杆上设置有与限位槽(416)相对应的环形限位块(417)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种轨道交通用大型车轴智能楔横轧机，其特征在于：在所述下轴颈(409)上一体设置有用于对下辊筒(451)定位的一号定位勾(418)，在所述下辊筒(451)的左右两侧设置有与一号定位勾(418)相对应的一号定位面(419)，在所述一号定位面(419)上设置有与一号定位勾(418)对应的一号勾槽(456)，在所述上轴颈(408)上一体设置有用于对上辊筒(452)定位的二号定位面(420)，在所述上辊筒(452)的左右两侧设置有与二号定位面(420)相对应的二号定位勾(421)，在所述二号定位面(420)上设置有与二号定位勾(421)相对应的二号勾槽(457)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种轨道交通用大型车轴智能楔横轧机，其特征在于：在所述下轴颈(409)和上轴颈(408)内侧端面的中部均设置有竖直方向的导向键(422)，在所述下辊筒(451)和上辊筒(452)的两侧面均设置有与导向键(422)相对应的导向槽(423)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种轨道交通用大型车轴智能楔横轧机，其特征在于：在所述下轴颈(409)和上轴颈(408)的内侧端面上均设置有水平方向的一号键槽(424)，在所述下辊筒(451)和上辊筒(452)的两侧面上均设置有与一号键槽(424)相对应的二号键槽(425)，在相互对应的一号键槽(424)和二号键槽(425)内共同安装有加强键(426)，以增强下轴颈(409)与下辊筒(451)，以及上轴颈(408)与上辊筒(452)之间扭矩传递的能力，所述加强键(426)通过螺钉固定连接在相邻的下轴颈(409)与下辊筒(451)或者上轴颈(408)与上辊筒(452)上。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种轨道交通用大型车轴智能楔横轧机，其特征在于：在所述上辊筒(452)和下辊筒(451)的两侧面呈圆周均匀设置有多个一号矩形通孔(427)，在所述下轴颈(409)与上轴颈(408)上均设置有与一 号矩形通孔(427)相互对应的二号矩形通孔(428)，在相互对应的一号矩形通孔(427)和二号矩形通孔(428)内共同设置有T形螺栓(429)，在所述一号矩形通孔(427)的内侧端设置有两个卡块(430)，两个所述卡块(430)关于一号矩形通孔(427)的斜对角线相互对称，实现在T形螺栓(429)的T形头伸入二号矩形通孔(428)后旋转90度而卡在两个卡块(430)之间，防止其自转，所述T形螺栓(429)的另一端穿过二号矩形通孔(428)螺纹连接有螺母，当需要拆卸上辊筒(452)和下辊筒(451)时，松开T形螺栓(429)并反向旋转90度，即可T形螺栓(429)的快速拔出。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的一种轨道交通用大型车轴智能楔横轧机，其特征在于：在所述下轴承座(402)的外侧面设置有轴向窜动装置，所述轴向窜动装置包括通过螺栓固定连接在下轴承座(402)外侧的滑块座(431)，所述保护套(411)设置在滑块座(431)的外端面上，所述分离轴套(454)通过两端的限位环(455)与下轴承座(402)、滑块座(431)、轴承端盖(412)连接为一体，以实现辊系装配(4)的窜动与下滑动轴(407)的轴向滑动互不干扰，在所述滑块座(431)的前后两侧均设置有倾斜滑块(432)，所述倾斜滑块(432)滑动设置在窜动调整块(433)上的倾斜滑槽(453)内，通过上下移动窜动调整块(433)来撑开或压紧倾斜滑块(432)，进而实现下轴承座(402)的轴向窜动，在所述窜动调整块(433)靠近左牌坊(201)或右牌坊(202)的一侧设置有限位滑块(434)，在所述左牌坊(201)或右牌坊(202)上设置有与限位滑块(434)对应的限位滑槽(435)，在所述窜动调整块(433)的下端铰接有窜动液压缸(436)，所述窜动液压缸(436)的另一端铰接在左牌坊(201)或右牌坊(202)上，用以驱动窜动调整块(433)上下滑动，在所述窜动调整块(433)的外侧设置有一号锁紧斜面滑块(437)，在所述窜动调整块(433)的 外侧还设置有锁紧块(438)，在所述锁紧块(438)上设置有与一号锁紧斜面滑块(437)相对应的二号锁紧斜面滑块(439)，通过二号锁紧斜面滑块(439)压紧一号锁紧斜面滑块(437)实现对窜动调整块(433)的锁紧，在所述锁紧块(438)上设置有多个锁紧滑槽(440)，在所述左牌坊(201)和右牌坊(202)上均设置有多个与锁紧滑槽(440)相对应的锁紧螺栓(441)，以限制锁紧块(438)只能沿锁紧滑槽(440)的方向进行滑动，在所述锁紧块(438)的下端铰接有锁紧液压缸(442)，所述锁紧液压缸(442)的另一端铰接在牌坊(2)上。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种轨道交通用大型车轴智能楔横轧机，其特征在于：在所述下轴承座(402)上端面的中部设置有左右方向的燕尾限位块(443)，在所述下轴承座(402)的上方设置有预应力底板(444)，在所述预应力底板(444)的下表面设置有与燕尾限位块(443)相对应的燕尾槽(445)，在所述预应力底板(444)上表面的前后部均设置有预应力底座(446)，在所述预应力底座(446)内螺纹连接有预应力螺杆(447)，所述预应力螺杆(447)的上部设置有限位卡槽(448)，在所述限位卡槽(448)内卡装有连接盖(449)，所述连接盖(449)通过螺钉固定连接在上轴承座(401)下表面的连接块(450)上，所述连接块(450)与上轴承座(401)固定连接，在所述预应力螺杆(447)与连接块(450)之间设置有一号压力传感器(458)，用于检测预应力的大小，在所述左牌坊(201)和右牌坊(202)内部均镶嵌有蠕变仪(459)，以检测左牌坊(201)和右牌坊(202)的变形量。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种轨道交通用大型车轴智能楔横轧机，其特征在于：所述导卫装置(5)包括固定在左牌坊(201)和右牌坊(202)上的安装座(501)，在两个所述安装座(501)内共同安装有横拉杆(502)，以在左牌 坊(201)和右牌坊(202)之间施加横向预应力，在所述横拉杆(502)上套装有导板座(503)，在所述导板座(503)外侧的左右两端均设置有铰接耳(504)，在所述铰接耳(504)上铰接有导卫液压缸(505)，两个所述导卫液压缸(505)的上端分别铰接在左牌坊(201)和右牌坊(202)上，在所述导板座(503)的上表面设置有导板槽(506)，所述导板槽(506)和铰接耳(504)分别位于横拉杆(502)的两侧，在所述导板槽(506)内设置导板(507)，所述导板座(503)通过螺栓与导板(507)连接，在所述导板(507)上设置有螺栓滑槽(509)，在所述导板(507)外侧的中部可转动的卡装有螺栓限位块(510)，所述螺栓限位块(510)固定连接在紧固螺栓(511)的端部，所述紧固螺栓(511)与导板槽(506)的外侧壁螺纹连接，在所述导板(507)与导板槽(506)的外侧壁之间设置有垫块(512)，所述垫块(512)通过螺钉与导板座(503)连接，所述垫块(512)与导板(507)之间设置有二号压力传感器(514)，在所述导板(507)的内侧端通过螺栓连接有导板条(508)。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种轨道交通用大型车轴智能楔横轧机，其特征在于：在所述导板座(503)左右两侧的上下表面均设置有固定架(513)，所述固定架(513)的侧面通过螺钉与左牌坊(201)或右牌坊(202)连接，以增强导板座(503)在轧制过程中的稳定性。
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