WO2022149585A1 - 積層フィルム、積層体、偏光板、偏光板ロールの製造方法及び表示装置 - Google Patents
積層フィルム、積層体、偏光板、偏光板ロールの製造方法及び表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022149585A1 WO2022149585A1 PCT/JP2022/000152 JP2022000152W WO2022149585A1 WO 2022149585 A1 WO2022149585 A1 WO 2022149585A1 JP 2022000152 W JP2022000152 W JP 2022000152W WO 2022149585 A1 WO2022149585 A1 WO 2022149585A1
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Images
Classifications
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- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
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- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
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- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J201/00—Adhesives based on unspecified macromolecular compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
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- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/02—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
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- B32B2457/20—Displays, e.g. liquid crystal displays, plasma displays
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2203/00—Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2203/318—Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils for the production of liquid crystal displays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/8791—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a laminated film, a laminated body, a polarizing plate, and a polarizing plate roll, and a display device. More specifically, it has excellent impact resistance and adhesive durability under high temperature and high humidity when bonded to a flexible thin glass plate, durability against repeated folding operations, and properties that do not cause optical unevenness. Related to laminated films, etc.
- foldable flexible displays are attracting attention.
- organic EL displays that do not require a backlight, unlike liquid crystal displays, interest in foldable flexible displays is increasing, and development is underway.
- the members provided in the flexible display are required to be further thinned in order to impart a folding function, and the polarizing plate and the outermost layer (cover layer) are no exception.
- a polarizing plate is manufactured as a polarizing plate roll in which an optical film and a polarizing element layer are laminated, and an adhesive layer is further laminated, and then appropriately molded into an appropriate shape and attached to a display substrate.
- the polarizing plate is required to have uniform physical properties such as the thickness of the optical film, as well as impact resistance including folding operation, and further, under high temperature and high humidity.
- the inner layer of the polarizing plate is mainly important for the occurrence of unevenness, but since it affects the visibility when wearing polarized sunglasses, it is required that the outer layer of the polarizing plate does not change.
- glass is preferably used for the display substrate, and with the recent thinning, glass thin films are often used.
- the thinner the glass the more vulnerable it is to impact and the more easily it breaks. Therefore, the laminated body in which the glass thin film as the display substrate of the flexible display and the polarizing plate are bonded is also required to have impact resistance including the folding operation.
- Patent Document 1 the "unevenness phenomenon" in an optical laminate having a structure in which a glass plate and a resin optical film are bonded by an adhesive is based on a glass plate which has not been regarded as important in the past. Considering birefringence, it is said that it can be improved by using a pressure-sensitive adhesive showing a value of intrinsic birefringence that cancels the photoelasticity of the glass plate.
- this technology assumes a design suitable for improving the impact resistance of glass, as well as optical unevenness caused by repeated folding operations under high temperature and high humidity such as outdoors, which is peculiar to portable flexible displays. It did not meet the new market demands.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems and situations, and the problems to be solved thereof are impact resistance, adhesive durability under high temperature and high humidity when bonded to a glass plate, and repeated folding operation. It is an object of the present invention to provide a laminated film having excellent durability and properties that do not cause optical unevenness. Further, by providing a laminated body in which a glass plate and the laminated film are laminated, a polarizing plate having the laminated film or the laminated body, a method for manufacturing the polarizing plate roll, and a display device provided with the polarizing plate. be.
- the present inventor is a laminated film composed of an optical film having a specific thickness and an adhesive layer in the process of examining the cause of the problem in order to solve the above problems, and in particular, the thickness of the adhesive layer is compared with the conventional one.
- the film By thinning the film, it is a laminated film with excellent impact resistance and adhesive durability under high temperature and high humidity when bonded to a glass plate, durability against repeated folding operations, and properties that do not cause optical unevenness. It was found that the above was obtained, which led to the present invention.
- a laminated film consisting of at least an optical film, an adhesive layer, and a release film.
- a laminated film characterized in that the film thickness of the optical film is less than 1 to 10 ⁇ m and the film thickness of the adhesive layer is less than 1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- a laminated body wherein the laminated film according to any one of items 1 to 8 and a glass plate are bonded to each other via the adhesive layer.
- a polarizing plate comprising the laminated film or laminated body according to any one of the items 1 to 9.
- polarizing plate roll comprises at least the release film, the adhesive layer, the optical film, and the polarizing element.
- a display device having a substrate thickness in the range of 10 to 100 ⁇ m and provided with the polarizing plate according to item 10.
- a laminated body in which a glass plate and the laminated film are laminated a polarizing plate having the laminated film or the laminated body, a method for manufacturing the polarizing plate roll, and a display device provided with the polarizing plate. can.
- the present invention is characterized in that, in a laminated film composed of an optical film, an adhesive layer and a release film, the film thickness (also referred to as "thickness") of the optical film and the adhesive layer is within a certain range. be.
- the adhesiveness (or adhesiveness) between different materials and the function of alleviating the shrinkage between different materials have been emphasized. Therefore, in general, the adhesive layer is made thicker. Designs have been made to ensure functionality. Therefore, with the thinning of the display, other members have become thinner, but there has not been much progress in further thinning the adhesive layer (film).
- the glass substrate As the glass substrate becomes thinner, the glass substrate naturally becomes brittle. As a matter of course, these are caused by physical fluctuations that accompany the load on the glass substrate, but here the adhesive layer in contact with the glass substrate is thick and soft at the conventional design film thickness, so physical fluctuations are suppressed. As a result of not being able to do so, I thought that the problem of weak impact resistance arose. In addition, it was considered that the deterioration of the adhesive strength of the adhesive layer with the physically changed substrate led to the problem of the durability of the display device. The inventors have been scrutinizing the factors such as factor separation in the manufacturing process so far, and intentionally reduce the thickness of the adhesive layer and the optical film to which the adhesive layer is attached in order to have impact resistance.
- the problem can be solved by specifying the stage of applying the adhesive layer. This is because when the glass substrate is made into a thin film or a foldable ultra-thin film, the thickness of the adhesive layer is intentionally reduced to bring the optical film such as a polarizing plate closer to the rigid glass substrate, and between the layers. It was speculated that impact resistance could be imparted by increasing the adhesiveness.
- the resin used for the optical film has higher elasticity than the glass plate, so by repeating such a folding operation, the optical film repeats expansion and contraction. Then, it is considered that the optical film is gradually lifted due to poor adhesion, and optical unevenness occurs. Further, since stress is concentrated on the folded portion of the glass plate, it is considered that the glass plate is easily damaged. Further, since the coefficient of thermal expansion and the coefficient of thermal expansion are different between the glass plate and the resin, it is considered that adhesion failure is particularly likely to occur and optical unevenness is likely to occur in a high temperature and high humidity environment.
- the optical film and the adhesive layer according to the present invention have a thin thickness and are kept within a certain range to reduce the expansion and contraction of the optical film due to the folding operation and suppress the occurrence of optical unevenness.
- the stress applied to the glass plate is reduced and it is difficult to break.
- Basic layer structure of the laminated film of the present invention Basic layer structure of the laminated film of the present invention Schematic diagram showing a method for manufacturing an optical film according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Basic layer structure of the laminate of the present invention Basic layer structure of the polarizing plate of the present invention
- Basic layer structure of the polarizing plate of the present invention Basic layer structure of the polarizing plate of the present invention
- Basic layer structure of a polarizing plate having a polarizing element layer according to an embodiment of the present invention Basic layer structure of a polarizing plate having a polarizing element layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Basic layer structure of a polarizing plate having a polarizing element layer according to an embodiment of the present invention Basic layer structure of a polarizing plate having a polarizing element layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Schematic diagram showing the manufacturing method of the polarizing plate roll of the present invention Schematic diagram showing the manufacturing method of the polarizing plate roll with a glass plate of the present invention. Schematic
- the laminated film of the present invention is a laminated film composed of at least an optical film, an adhesive layer, and a release film, and the film thickness of the optical film is less than 1 to 10 ⁇ m, and the film thickness of the adhesive layer is It is characterized by being less than 1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- This feature is a technical feature common to or corresponding to the following embodiments.
- the film thickness of the optical film satisfies the following formula 1 from the viewpoint of exhibiting the effect of the present invention. Equation 1: 5 ⁇
- the water vapor transmittance of the optical film is in the range of 500 to 3000 g / m 2 ⁇ day at a temperature of 40 ° C. and a humidity of 90% RH. It is preferable from the viewpoint of the durability of the formed adhesive layer.
- the moisture permeability of the optical film is set to 500 g / m 2 ⁇ day or more, the moisture and the solvent contained in the adhesive layer are easily diffused to the optical film side, and the adhesive durability is improved.
- the pressure is 3000 g / m 2 ⁇ day or less, the optical film is less likely to absorb moisture and expand, and the adhesive durability is improved against dimensional fluctuations and the like.
- the content of the rubber particles in the optical film is in the range of 40 to 85% by mass with respect to the optical film from the viewpoint of imparting toughness (suppleness) and improving the folding resistance. ..
- the adhesive force to the substrate is 3.0 N / 25 mm or more, which is the adhesion between the optical film and the glass plate. Preferred from the point of view.
- the adhesive layer is for glass from the viewpoint of adhesiveness to a glass substrate.
- the water vapor transmittance of the adhesive layer is in the range of 800 to 5000 g / m 2 ⁇ day at a temperature of 40 ° C. and a humidity of 90% RH, which is formed when the optical film and the polarizing element layer are bonded together. It is preferable from the viewpoint of the durability of the adhesive layer.
- the moisture permeability of the adhesive layer is 800 g / m 2 ⁇ day or more, the moisture and solvent contained in the adhesive layer are more likely to diffuse from the optical film side to the adhesive layer, and the adhesive durability is improved.
- the pressure is 5000 g / m 2 ⁇ day or less, the adhesive layer is less likely to absorb moisture and expand, and the adhesive durability is improved against dimensional fluctuations and the like.
- the water vapor transmittance of the adhesive layer is higher than the water vapor transmittance of the optical film from the viewpoint of the durability of the adhesive layer formed when the optical film and the polarizing element layer are bonded to each other.
- the method for manufacturing a polarizing plate roll of the present invention is a bonding step of bonding a polarizing element to the optical film surface side of a laminated film composed of at least an optical film, an adhesive layer, and a release film to produce a polarizing plate.
- the release film without peeling it in the middle of the process from the viewpoint of productivity and durability. That is, by winding the film while holding the release film, it is possible to prevent the adhesive layer from sticking to the manufacturing apparatus, the support, or the like. In addition, it is easy to form an appropriate shape as appropriate.
- the polarizing plate roll is composed of at least the release film, the adhesive layer, the optical film, and the polarizing element.
- the polarizing plate of the present invention can be suitably used in a display device.
- the laminated film of the present invention is a laminated film composed of at least an optical film, an adhesive layer, and a release film, and the film thickness (also referred to as “thickness”) of the optical film is less than 1 to 10 ⁇ m. Moreover, the thickness of the adhesive layer is less than 1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view showing the basic structure of the layer structure of the laminated film 50 of the present invention.
- the laminated film 50 of the present invention includes an optical film 1, an adhesive layer 2, and a release film 3.
- the optical film 1 may have a support 4 for forming the optical film 1 arranged on a surface opposite to the surface in contact with the adhesive layer 2.
- the support 4 also functions as a protective film for the optical film thin film of the present invention, that is, a support that gives the laminated film 50 sufficient waist during process work and makes it easy to handle.
- the optical film according to the present invention is characterized in that the thickness is within the range of 1 to less than 10 ⁇ m. Within the above range, it serves as a support in the polarizing plate and imparts sufficient folding resistance.
- the thickness is preferably in the range of 2 to 8 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 3 to 7 ⁇ m.
- the thickness is less than 1 ⁇ m, the waist as an optical film becomes weak, and sufficient impact resistance cannot be obtained for the laminated body when bonded to the glass plate. Further, when it is 10 ⁇ m or more, the strength against bending is lowered and optical unevenness occurs.
- the polarizing plate provided with the laminated film of the present invention bending habits, creases, and whitening are likely to occur at the time of bending, and optical defects are likely to occur. Therefore, it is necessary to be within the above range. ..
- the optical film contains an additive
- Optical film constituent resin The resin used for the optical film according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and is a cellulose ester resin, a cycloolefin resin, a fumaric acid diester resin, a polypropylene resin, (meth). ) Acrylic resin, polyester resin, polyarylate resin, polyimide resin, styrene resin or a composite resin thereof can be mentioned. Further, containing a linear polymer material having a carbonyl group in the side chain or containing a polymer material having a cyclic structure in the main chain controls physical properties such as folding resistance and optically. It is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the characteristics.
- a cycloolefin resin a fumaric acid diester resin, a (meth) acrylic resin, a styrene / (meth) acrylate copolymer, or the like.
- the cycloolefin-based resin used for the optical film is preferably a polymer of a cycloolefin monomer or a copolymer of a cycloolefin monomer and another copolymerizable monomer.
- the cycloolefin monomer is preferably a cycloolefin monomer having a norbornene skeleton, and is a cycloolefin monomer having a structure represented by the following general formula (A-1) or (A-2). It is more preferable to have.
- R 1 to R 4 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or a polar group.
- p represents an integer of 0 to 2. However, all of R 1 to R 4 do not represent hydrogen atoms at the same time, R 1 to R 2 do not represent hydrogen atoms at the same time, and R 3 and R 4 do not represent hydrogen atoms at the same time. do.
- the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms represented by R 1 to R 4 in the general formula (A-1) is preferably, for example, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and is preferably a carbon atom. More preferably, it is a hydrocarbon group having a number of 1 to 5.
- the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms may further have a linking group containing, for example, a halogen atom, an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom or a silicon atom. Examples of such a linking group include a divalent polar group such as a carbonyl group, an imino group, an ether bond, a silyl ether bond, and a thioether bond.
- Examples of the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group and a butyl group.
- Examples of the polar groups represented by R 1 to R 4 in the general formula (A-1) include a carboxy group, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an amino group, an amide group and a cyano group. Can be mentioned. Of these, a carboxy group, a hydroxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group and an aryloxycarbonyl group are preferable, and an alkoxycarbonyl group and an aryloxycarbonyl group are preferable from the viewpoint of ensuring solubility at the time of solution film formation.
- P in the general formula (A-1) is preferably 1 or 2 from the viewpoint of increasing the heat resistance of the optical film. This is because when p is 1 or 2, the obtained polymer becomes bulky and easily raises the glass transition temperature. In addition, it becomes possible to respond slightly to humidity, and there is an advantage that it becomes easy to control the curl balance as a laminated body.
- R 5 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkylsilyl group having an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R 6 represents a carboxy group, a hydroxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an amino group, an amide group, a cyano group, or a halogen atom (fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom or iodine atom).
- p represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- R 5 in the general formula (A-2) preferably represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and more preferably represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- R 6 in the general formula (A-2) preferably represents a carboxy group, a hydroxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group and an aryloxycarbonyl group, and from the viewpoint of ensuring solubility during solution film formation, the alkoxycarbonyl group and aryl Oxycarbonyl groups are more preferred.
- P in the general formula (A-2) preferably represents 1 or 2 from the viewpoint of enhancing the heat resistance of the optical film. This is because when p represents 1 or 2, the obtained polymer becomes bulky and tends to raise the glass transition temperature.
- the cycloolefin monomer having the structure represented by the general formula (A-2) is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the solubility in an organic solvent.
- Organic compounds generally have lower crystallinity and improved solubility in organic solvents by breaking symmetry. Since R 5 and R 6 in the general formula (A-2) are substituted with only the ring-constituting carbon atom on one side with respect to the axis of symmetry of the molecule, the symmetry of the molecule is low, that is, the general formula (A-).
- the cycloolefin monomer having the structure represented by 2) has high solubility and is suitable for producing an optical film by a solution casting method.
- the content ratio of the cycloolefin monomer having the structure represented by the general formula (A-2) in the polymer of the cycloolefin monomer is the total of all the cycloolefin monomers constituting the cycloolefin resin. On the other hand, for example, it may be 70 mol% or more, preferably 80 mol% or more, and more preferably 100 mol%.
- a cycloolefin monomer having a structure represented by the general formula (A-2) is contained in a certain amount or more, the orientation of the resin is enhanced, so that the retardation value is likely to increase.
- a copolymerizable monomer copolymerizable with a cycloolefin monomer a copolymerizable monomer capable of ring-opening copolymerization with a cycloolefin monomer and an addition copolymerizable with a cycloolefin monomer are possible. Examples thereof include copolymerizable monomers.
- ring-opening copolymerizable copolymerizable monomer examples include cycloolefins such as cyclobutene, cyclopentene, cycloheptene, cyclooctene and dicyclopentadiene.
- Examples of copolymerizable monomers that can be additionally copolymerized include unsaturated double bond-containing compounds, vinyl-based cyclic hydrocarbon monomers, and (meth) acrylates.
- the unsaturated double bond-containing compound is, for example, an olefin compound having 2 to 12 (preferably 2 to 8) carbon atoms, and examples thereof include ethylene, propylene, and butene.
- Examples of vinyl-based cyclic hydrocarbon monomers include vinyl cyclopentene-based monomers such as 4-vinylcyclopentene and 2-methyl-4-isopropenylcyclopentene.
- Examples of the (meth) acrylate include alkyl (meth) acrylates having 1 to 20 carbon atoms such as methyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate and cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate.
- the content ratio of the cycloolefin monomer in the copolymer of the cycloolefin monomer and the copolymerizable monomer is, for example, 20 to 80 mol with respect to the total of all the monomers constituting the copolymer. It may be in the range of%, preferably in the range of 30 to 70 mol%.
- the cycloolefin-based resin polymerizes a cycloolefin monomer having a norbornene skeleton, preferably a cycloolefin monomer having a structure represented by the general formula (A-1) or (A-2).
- it is a polymer obtained by copolymerization, and examples thereof include the following.
- Ring-opening polymer of cycloolefin monomer 2) Ring-opening copolymer of cycloolefin monomer and copolymerizable monomer that can be ring-opened and copolymerizable 3) Of the above 1) or 2) Hydrocarbon additive of ring-opened (co) polymer 4) The ring-opened (co) polymer of 1) or 2) above was cyclized by Friedelcrafts reaction, and then hydrogenated (co) polymer 5) Cycloolefin.
- the polymers of 1) to 7) above can be obtained by known methods, for example, the methods described in JP-A-2008-107534 and JP-A-2005-227606.
- As the catalyst and solvent used for the ring-opening copolymerization of 2) above for example, those described in paragraphs 0019 to 0024 of JP-A-2008-107534 can be used.
- As the catalyst used for hydrogenation of 3) and 6) above for example, those described in paragraphs 0025 to 0028 of JP-A-2008-107534 can be used.
- the polymers of the above 1) to 3) and 5) are preferable, and the polymers of the above 3) and 5) are more preferable.
- the cycloolefin-based resin has a structural unit represented by the following general formula (B-1) in that the glass transition temperature of the obtained cycloolefin-based resin can be increased and the light transmission rate can be increased. It is preferable to include at least one of the structural units represented by the following general formula (B-2), and it contains only the structural unit represented by the general formula (B-2) or the general formula (B-1). It is more preferable to include both the structural unit represented and the structural unit represented by the general formula (B-2).
- the structural unit represented by the general formula (B-1) is a structural unit derived from the cycloolefin monomer represented by the above-mentioned general formula (A-1), and is represented by the general formula (B-2).
- the structural unit is a structural unit derived from the cycloolefin monomer represented by the above-mentioned general formula (A-2).
- R1 to R4 and p are synonymous with R1 to R4 and p of the general formula (A-1), respectively.
- R5 to R6 and p are synonymous with R5 to R6 and p of the general formula ( A - 2 ), respectively.
- cycloolefin resin used in the present invention a commercially available product can be used, for example, Arton (Arton, registered trademark) G (for example, G7810, etc.), Arton F, Arton R (for example, R4500) manufactured by JSR Corporation. , R4900 and R5000, etc.), and Arton RX (eg, RX4500, etc.).
- Arton Arton, registered trademark
- G for example, G7810, etc.
- Arton F Arton F
- Arton R for example, R4500 manufactured by JSR Corporation.
- Arton RX eg, RX4500, etc.
- the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] inh of the cycloolefin resin is preferably in the range of 0.2 to 5 cm 3 / g and in the range of 0.3 to 3 cm 3 / g in the measurement at 30 ° C. Is more preferable, and more preferably in the range of 0.4 to 1.5 cm 3 / g.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the cycloolefin resin is preferably in the range of 8000 to 100,000, more preferably in the range of 10,000 to 80,000, and further preferably in the range of 12,000 to 50,000. ..
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the cycloolefin resin is preferably in the range of 20,000 to 300,000, more preferably in the range of 30,000 to 250,000, and further preferably in the range of 40,000 to 200,000. ..
- the number average molecular weight and the weight average molecular weight of the cycloolefin resin can be measured in terms of polystyrene by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- the number average molecular weight and the weight average molecular weight are within the above ranges, the heat resistance, water resistance, chemical resistance, mechanical properties, and molding processability as an optical film of the cycloolefin resin are improved. It will be good.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the cycloolefin resin is usually 110 ° C. or higher, preferably in the range of 110 to 350 ° C., more preferably in the range of 120 to 250 ° C., and 120 to 120 ° C. It is more preferably in the range of 220 ° C.
- Tg is 110 ° C. or higher, it is easy to suppress deformation under high temperature conditions.
- the Tg is 350 ° C. or lower, the molding process becomes easy, and the deterioration of the resin due to the heat during the molding process is also easy to be suppressed.
- the content of the cycloolefin resin is preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more, based on the optical film.
- the fumaric acid diester resin used for the optical film is a fumaric acid diester resin containing a fumaric acid diisopropyl residue unit and a fumaric acid diester residue unit having an alkyl group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl groups having 1 or 2 carbon atoms in the fumarate diester residue unit having an alkyl group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms are independent of each other, and examples thereof include a methyl group and an ethyl group. Further, these may be substituted with a halogen group such as fluorine or chlorine, an ether group, an ester group or an amino group.
- a halogen group such as fluorine or chlorine
- an ether group such as an ether group
- an ester group or an amino group examples of the fumaric acid diester residue unit having an alkyl group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms include a dimethyl fumarate residue unit and a diethyl fumarate residue unit. Further, these may be contained alone or in combination of two or more.
- fumaric acid diester resin examples include diisopropyl fumarate / dimethyl fumarate copolymer resin, diisopropyl fumarate / diethyl fumarate copolymer resin, and the like.
- the fumaric acid diester resin may contain other monomer residue units as long as it does not exceed the scope of the present invention, and the other monomer residue units include, for example, a styrene residue unit. , ⁇ -Methyl styrene residue unit, etc.
- styrene residue unit (meth) acrylic acid residue unit; (meth) methyl acrylate residue unit, (meth) ethyl acrylate residue unit, (meth) acrylic acid (Meta) acrylic acid ester residue unit such as butyl residue unit; Vinyl ester residue unit such as vinyl acetate residue unit, propionate vinyl residue unit; Acrylonitrile residue unit; Methacrylonylolyl residue unit; Vinyl ether residue units such as methyl vinyl ether residue unit, ethyl vinyl ether residue unit, butyl vinyl ether residue unit; N-methylmaleimide residue unit, N-cyclohexylmaleimide residue unit, N-phenylmaleimide residue unit, etc.
- N-substituted maleimide residue unit N-substituted maleimide residue unit; olefin residue unit such as ethylene residue unit, propylene residue unit; di-butyl fumarate residue unit, bis (2-ethylhexyl) fumarate residue unit, etc.
- Fumaric acid diester residue units other than the above-mentioned fumaric acid diester residue unit; and one or more selected from cinnamic acid and cinnamic acid ester residue units.
- the blending ratio of the fumaric acid diester resin used in the present invention is in the range of 50 to 99 mol% of the diisopropyl fumarate residue unit, and the fumaric acid diester residue unit 1 to 1 to 2 having an alkyl group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms. It is preferably in the range of 50 mol%. From the viewpoint of improving the retardation characteristics and strength when used as a retardation film, a fumaric acid diester residue having an alkyl group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms and within the range of 60 to 95 mol% per diisopropyl fumarate residue unit. A fumaric acid diester resin having a unit in the range of 5 to 40 mol% is particularly preferable.
- the fumaric acid diester resin used in the present invention preferably has a standard polystyrene-equivalent number average molecular weight in the range of 50,000 to 250,000 obtained from the elution curve measured by the gel permeation chromatography.
- Polyarylate-based resins have excellent toughness when used in optical films.
- the polyarylate-based resin contains at least a structural unit derived from an aromatic dialcohol and a structural unit derived from an aromatic dicarboxylic acid.
- polyarylate-based resin used in the present invention a commercially available product can be used, and examples thereof include PAR resin "U-100” manufactured by Unitika Ltd. and a weight average molecular weight of 100,000.
- the polyimide-based resin can be a polymerization reaction product of tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and diamine.
- the tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride may be any of aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, aliphatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, and alicyclic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, but aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride is preferable. It is an acid dianhydride.
- the diamine may be any of an aromatic diamine, an aliphatic diamine, and an alicyclic diamine, but is preferably an aromatic diamine.
- the weight average molecular weight Mw of the polyimide resin is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 100,000 to 300,000, preferably 130,000 to 25, from the viewpoint of increasing the toughness of the optical film and making it difficult to break due to the transport tension. It is more preferable that it is within the range of 10,000.
- the method for measuring the weight average molecular weight Mw of the polyimide resin is the same as described above.
- the content of the polyimide resin is preferably 60% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more with respect to the optical film.
- the (meth) acrylic resin used in the optical film preferably contains at least a structural unit (U1) derived from methyl methacrylate and a structural unit (U2) derived from phenylmaleimide.
- the (meth) acrylic resin containing the structural unit (U2) derived from phenylmaleimide has an advantage that the photoelastic coefficient of the optical film is reduced and unevenness is less likely to occur even if it absorbs and expands.
- the (meth) acrylic resin may further contain structural units other than the above.
- such other structural units include (meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters such as adamantyl acrylate; (meth) acrylic acid cycloalkyl esters such as 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
- the structural unit (U2) derived from phenylmaleimide it is preferable to further contain the structural unit (U3) derived from the acrylic acid alkyl ester.
- the (meth) acrylic resin contains a structural unit (U1) derived from methyl methacrylate, a structural unit (U2) derived from phenylmaleimide, and a structural unit (U3) derived from an acrylic acid alkyl ester. Is more preferable.
- the content of the structural unit (U1) derived from methyl methacrylate is preferably 50 to 95% by mass, preferably 70 to 90% by mass, based on all the structural units constituting the (meth) acrylic resin. Is more preferable.
- the structural unit (U2) derived from phenylmaleimide has a relatively rigid structure, the mechanical strength of the optical film can be improved. Further, the structural unit (U2) derived from phenylmaleimide has a relatively bulky structure and has microscopic voids in the resin matrix that can move the rubber particles. Therefore, the rubber particles are formed on the surface layer of the optical film. Can be unevenly distributed.
- the content of the structural unit (U2) derived from phenylmaleimide is preferably in the range of 1 to 25% by mass with respect to all the structural units constituting the (meth) acrylic resin.
- the content of the structural unit (U2) derived from phenylmaleimide is 1% by mass or more, the optical film is excellent in storage stability in a high humidity environment. When it is 25% by mass or less, the brittleness of the optical film is not easily impaired.
- the content of the structural unit (U2) derived from phenylmaleimide is more preferably in the range of 7 to 15% by mass.
- the structural unit (U3) derived from the acrylic acid alkyl ester can impart appropriate flexibility to the resin, for example, the brittleness due to containing the structural unit (U2) derived from phenylmaleimide can be improved.
- the acrylic acid alkyl ester is preferably an acrylic acid alkyl ester in which the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety is in the range of 1 to 7, preferably in the range of 1 to 5.
- the acrylic acid alkyl ester include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate and the like.
- the content of the structural unit (U3) derived from the acrylic acid alkyl ester is preferably in the range of 1 to 25% by mass with respect to all the structural units constituting the (meth) acrylic resin.
- the (meth) acrylic resin can be imparted with appropriate flexibility, so that the brittleness of the optical film is suppressed and the film breaks. It's hard to do.
- the content of the structural unit (U3) derived from the acrylic acid alkyl ester is 25% by mass or less, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the optical film does not become too low, and the optical film can be stored in a high humidity environment. Excellent for.
- the content of the structural unit (U3) derived from the acrylic acid alkyl ester is more preferably in the range of 5 to 15% by mass.
- the ratio of the structural unit (U2) derived from phenylmaleimide to the total amount of the structural unit (U2) derived from phenylmaleimide and the structural unit (U3) derived from the acrylic acid alkyl ester is in the range of 20 to 70% by mass. Is preferable. When the ratio is 20% by mass or more, the elastic modulus of the optical film can be easily increased, and when the ratio is 70% by mass or less, the brittleness of the optical film can be suppressed.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the (meth) acrylic resin is preferably 100 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 120 to 150 ° C.
- Tg of the (meth) acrylic resin is within the above range, the heat resistance of the optical film can be easily increased.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the (meth) acrylic resin is not particularly limited and can be adjusted according to the purpose.
- the weight average molecular weight of the (meth) acrylic resin is, for example, from the viewpoint of promoting entanglement of resin molecules to increase the toughness of the optical film and making it difficult to break, and the coefficient of thermal expansion (also referred to as “CHE ratio”). From the viewpoint of making it moderately large and making it easy to adjust the curl amount to a degree preferable for adhesion, it is preferably 100,000 or more, and more preferably 1 million or more. When the weight average molecular weight of the (meth) acrylic resin is 1 million or more, the toughness of the obtained optical film can be enhanced.
- the weight average molecular weight of the (meth) acrylic resin is more preferably in the range of 1.5 million to 3 million.
- the method for measuring the weight average molecular weight is as described above.
- styrene / (meth) acrylate copolymer The styrene / (meth) acrylate copolymer (hereinafter, also referred to as styrene / acrylic resin) has excellent transparency when used in an optical film. Further, since the coefficient of thermal expansion can be adjusted by the copolymerization ratio of the styrene portion, the curl as a laminated body can be controlled by changing these ratios.
- the styrene / acrylic resin is formed by addition polymerization of at least a styrene monomer and a (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms.
- an acrylic acid ester derivative or a methacrylic acid ester derivative having a known side chain or functional group in the structure of these esters is included.
- styrene monomers include styrene, o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, p-phenylstyrene, p-ethylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, and p-tert.
- (meth) acrylic acid ester monomers are methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2EHA), and stearyl acrylate.
- Acrylate monomers such as lauryl acrylates and phenyl acrylates; methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, Methacrylate esters such as lauryl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate; may be mentioned.
- (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer is a general term for "acrylic acid ester monomer” and “methacrylic acid ester monomer”, and one or both of them may be used. means.
- methyl (meth) acrylate means one or both of “methyl acrylate” and “methyl methacrylate”.
- the above (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer may be one kind or more. For example, forming a copolymer using a styrene monomer and two or more kinds of acrylic acid ester monomers, or using a styrene monomer and two or more kinds of methacrylic acid ester monomers to coweight. It is possible to form a coalescence and to form a copolymer by using a styrene monomer, an acrylic acid ester monomer and a methacrylic acid ester monomer in combination.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the styrene / acrylic resin is preferably in the range of 5,000 to 150,000, and more preferably in the range of 30,000 to 120,000, from the viewpoint of easy control of plasticity.
- styrene / acrylic resin used in the present invention a commercially available product can be used, and examples thereof include the MS resin "TX320XL” manufactured by Denka Corporation.
- Rubber Particles When an optical film according to the present invention, particularly a (meth) acrylic resin or a styrene / (meth) acrylate copolymer is used, 10 to 90 rubber particles are used with respect to the optical film. It is preferable that the content is contained in the range of% by mass from the viewpoint of imparting toughness (suppleness) and improving impact resistance. It is also preferable from the viewpoint of the magnitude of the improvement effect and the prevention of haze occurrence. More preferably, it is in the range of 40 to 85% by mass.
- the rubber particles according to the present invention are particles containing a rubber-like polymer.
- the rubber-like polymer is a soft crosslinked polymer having a glass transition temperature of 20 ° C. or lower.
- cross-linked polymers include butadiene-based cross-linked polymers, (meth) acrylic-based cross-linked polymers, and organosiloxane-based cross-linked polymers.
- the rubber particles are preferably particles containing the acrylic rubber-like polymer (a).
- the acrylic rubber-like polymer (a) is a crosslinked polymer containing a structural unit derived from an acrylic acid ester as a main component.
- the term "included as a main component” means that the content of the structural unit derived from the acrylic acid ester is in the range described later.
- the acrylic rubber-like polymer (a) has a structural unit derived from an acrylic acid ester, a structural unit derived from another monomer copolymerizable with the structural unit, and two or more radically polymerizable groups in one molecule (. It is preferably a crosslinked polymer containing a structural unit derived from a polyfunctional monomer having a non-conjugated reactive double bond).
- Acrylic acid esters include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, sec-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, acrylic. It is preferably an acrylic acid alkyl ester having 1 to 12 carbon atoms of an alkyl group such as n-octyl acid. The acrylic acid ester may be one kind or two or more kinds.
- the content of the structural unit derived from the acrylic acid ester is preferably in the range of 40 to 80% by mass, preferably 50 to 80% by mass, based on all the structural units constituting the acrylic rubber-like polymer (a1). More preferably, it is in the range of%. When the content of the acrylic acid ester is within the above range, it is easy to impart sufficient toughness to the optical film.
- the other copolymerizable monomers are those other than the polyfunctional monomers among the monomers copolymerizable with the acrylic acid ester. That is, the copolymerizable monomer does not have two or more radically polymerizable groups.
- Examples of copolymerizable monomers include methacrylic acid esters such as methyl methacrylate; styrenes such as styrene and methylstyrene; (meth) acrylonitriles; (meth) acrylamides; (meth) acrylic acid. ..
- the other copolymerizable monomer preferably contains styrenes.
- the other copolymerizable monomer may be one kind or two or more kinds.
- the content of structural units derived from other copolymerizable monomers may be in the range of 5 to 55% by mass with respect to all the structural units constituting the acrylic rubber-like polymer (a). It is preferably in the range of 10 to 45% by mass, and more preferably in the range of 10 to 45% by mass.
- polyfunctional monomers examples include allyl (meth) acrylate, triallyl cyanurate, triallyl isocyanurate, diallyl phthalate, diallyl malate, divinyl adipate, divinylbenzene, ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, and diethylene glycol (.
- examples thereof include meth) acrylate, triethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, trimethyllol propanetri (meth) acrylate, tetromethylol methanetetra (meth) acrylate, dipropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, and polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate. ..
- the content of the structural unit derived from the polyfunctional monomer is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 10% by mass with respect to all the structural units constituting the acrylic rubber-like polymer (a). , 0.1 to 5% by mass, more preferably.
- the content of the polyfunctional monomer is 0.05% by mass or more, the degree of cross-linking of the obtained acrylic rubber-like polymer (a) is likely to be increased, so that the hardness and rigidity of the obtained optical film are impaired. If it is not too much and is 10% by mass or less, the toughness of the optical film is not easily impaired.
- the monomer composition constituting the acrylic rubber-like polymer (a) can be measured, for example, by the peak area ratio detected by thermal decomposition GC-MS.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the rubber-like polymer is preferably 0 ° C. or lower, more preferably ⁇ 10 ° C. or lower. When the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the rubber-like polymer is 0 ° C. or lower, appropriate toughness can be imparted to the film.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the rubber-like polymer is measured by the same method as described above.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the rubber-like polymer can be adjusted by the composition of the rubber-like polymer.
- It is preferable to increase the mass ratio of other copolymerizable monomers for example, 3 or more, preferably in the range of 4 to 10).
- the particles containing the acrylic rubber-like polymer (a) are the particles made of the acrylic rubber-like polymer (a) or the hard layer made of the hard crosslinked polymer (c) having a glass transition temperature of 20 ° C. or higher.
- Particles having a soft layer made of an acrylic rubber-like polymer (a) arranged around the acrylic polymer (a) may be used; these may also be referred to as “epolymers”; the acrylic rubber-like polymer (a).
- the particles may be particles made of an acrylic graft copolymer obtained by polymerizing a mixture of monomers such as a methacrylic acid ester in at least one stage.
- the particles made of the acrylic graft copolymer are preferably core-shell type particles having a core portion containing the acrylic rubber-like polymer (a) and a shell portion covering the core portion.
- the core portion contains an acrylic rubber-like polymer (a), and may further contain a hard crosslinked polymer (c), if necessary. That is, the core portion may have a soft layer made of an acrylic rubber-like polymer and a hard layer made of a hard crosslinked polymer (c) arranged inside the soft layer.
- the crosslinked polymer (c) can be a crosslinked polymer containing a methacrylic acid ester as a main component. That is, the crosslinked polymer (c) includes a structural unit derived from a methacrylic acid alkyl ester, a structural unit derived from another monomer copolymerizable therewith, and a structural unit derived from a polyfunctional monomer. It is preferably a crosslinked polymer containing.
- the methacrylic acid alkyl ester may be the aforementioned methacrylic acid alkyl ester; other copolymerizable monomers may be the aforementioned styrenes, acrylic acid esters, etc .; the polyfunctional monomer may be. The same as those mentioned above as the polyfunctional monomer can be mentioned.
- the content of the structural unit derived from the methacrylic acid alkyl ester can be in the range of 40 to 100% by mass with respect to all the structural units constituting the crosslinked polymer (c).
- the content of the structural unit derived from the other copolymerizable monomer may be in the range of 0 to 60% by mass with respect to all the structural units constituting the other crosslinked polymer (c).
- the content of the structural unit derived from the polyfunctional monomer can be in the range of 0.01 to 10% by mass with respect to all the structural units constituting the other crosslinked polymer.
- the shell portion contains a methacrylic polymer (b) (another polymer) graft-bonded to the acrylic rubber-like polymer (a) and containing a structural unit derived from a methacrylic acid ester as a main component.
- a methacrylic polymer (another polymer) graft-bonded to the acrylic rubber-like polymer (a) and containing a structural unit derived from a methacrylic acid ester as a main component.
- “Included as a main component” means that the content of structural units derived from methacrylic acid ester is in the range described later.
- the methacrylic acid ester constituting the methacrylic acid polymer (b) is preferably an alkylmethacrylic acid ester having an alkyl group such as methyl methacrylate in the range of 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the methacrylic acid ester may be one kind or two or more kinds.
- the content of the methacrylic acid ester is preferably 50% by mass or more with respect to all the structural units constituting the methacrylic acid polymer (b).
- the content of methacrylic acid ester is 50% by mass or more, compatibility with a methacrylic resin containing a structural unit derived from methyl methacrylate as a main component can be easily obtained.
- the content of the methacrylic acid ester is more preferably 70% by mass or more with respect to all the structural units constituting the methacrylic acid polymer (b).
- the methacrylic polymer (b) may further contain a structural unit derived from another monomer copolymerizable with the methacrylic acid ester.
- examples of other copolymerizable monomers are acrylic acid esters such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate; benzyl (meth) acrylate, dicyclopentanyl (meth) acrylate, A (meth) acrylic monomer having an alicyclic, heterocyclic or aromatic ring such as phenoxyethyl (meth) acrylate (ring-containing (meth) acrylic monomer) is included.
- the content of the structural unit derived from the copolymerizable monomer is preferably 50% by mass or less, preferably 30% by mass or less, based on the total structural unit constituting the methacrylic polymer (b). Is more preferable.
- the shape of the rubber particles can be a shape close to a true sphere. That is, the aspect ratio of the rubber particles when observing the cross section or the surface of the optical film may be about 1 to 2.
- the average particle size of the rubber particles according to the present invention is preferably in the range of 100 to 400 nm.
- the average particle diameter of the rubber particles is 100 nm or more, it is easy to impart sufficient toughness and stress relaxation property to the optical film, and when it is 400 nm or less, the transparency of the optical film is not easily impaired.
- the average particle size of the rubber particles is more preferably in the range of 150 to 300 nm.
- the average particle size of the rubber particles can be calculated by the following method.
- the average particle size of the rubber particles can be measured as the average value of the equivalent circle diameters of 100 particles obtained by SEM photography or TEM photography of the surface or section of the laminated film.
- the equivalent circle diameter can be obtained by converting the projected area of the particles obtained by photographing into the diameter of a circle having the same area.
- the rubber particles observed by SEM observation and / or TEM observation at a magnification of 5000 times are used for calculating the average particle diameter.
- the optical film according to the present invention may further contain an additive, if necessary, and contains an additive having a molecular weight of 1000 or less in an amount of 0.0001 to 1% by mass based on the optical film. It is preferably contained within the range, and more preferably within the range of 0.001 to 0.1% by mass.
- additives include antioxidants, matting agents (fine particles), plasticizers, ultraviolet absorbers, antistatic agents and the like.
- the optical film according to the present invention contains an antioxidant having a molecular weight of 1000 or less in the range of 0.0001 to 0.01% by mass with respect to the optical film from the viewpoint of suppressing the diffusion of precipitates.
- an antioxidant having a molecular weight of 1000 or less in the range of 0.0001 to 0.01% by mass with respect to the optical film from the viewpoint of suppressing the diffusion of precipitates.
- the storage stability of the optical film over time can be improved.
- antioxidant a known one can be used.
- lactone-based, sulfur-based, phenol-based, double-bonded, hindered amine-based, and phosphorus-based compounds can be preferably used.
- lactone-based compound Commercially available products can be used as the lactone-based compound, and examples thereof include "IrgafosXP40 and IrgafosXP60 (trade name)” manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.
- sulfur-based compound Commercially available products can be used as the sulfur-based compound, and examples thereof include “Sumilizer (registered trademark) TPL-R” and “Sumilizer (registered trademark) TP-D” manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.
- phenolic compound those having a structure of 2,6-dialkylphenol are preferable, and commercially available products can be used.
- "Irganox (registered trademark) 1076” and “Irganox (registered)” manufactured by BASF Japan Corporation can be used.
- "Trademark) 1010”, "ADEKA STAB (registered trademark) AO-50” manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION, and the like can be mentioned.
- the double bond compound examples thereof include "Sumilizer (registered trademark) GM” and “Sumilizer (registered trademark) GS” manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. Generally, it is added in the range of 0.05 to 20% by mass, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1% by mass, based on the resin.
- phosphorus-based compound for example, "Sumilizer (registered trademark) GP” manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., "ADK STAB (registered trademark) PEP-24G” manufactured by ADEKA Co., Ltd., and "ADK STAB”. (Registered trademark) PEP-36 “and” ADK STAB (registered trademark) 3010 ",” IRGAFOS P-EPQ “manufactured by BASF Japan Co., Ltd., and” GSY-P101 "manufactured by Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. can be mentioned.
- antioxidants are preferably contained in the range of 0.0001 to 0.01% by mass, more preferably 0.002 to 0.01% by mass, based on the resin which is the main raw material of the optical film. It is added within the range of.
- antioxidants can be used alone or in combination with several different compounds.
- the combined use of lactone-based, phosphorus-based, phenol-based and double-bonding compounds is preferable.
- the optical film according to the present invention preferably contains fine particles.
- Examples of the fine particles used in the present invention include silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate, talc, clay, calcined kaolin, calcined calcium silicate, and hydrated silicic acid. Calcium, aluminum silicate, magnesium silicate and calcium phosphate can be mentioned. Further, fine particles of an organic compound can also be preferably used. Examples of organic compounds include polytetrafluoroethylene, cellulose acetate, polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, polyppill methacrylate, polymethylacrylate, polyethylene carbonate, acrylic styrene resin, silicone resin, polycarbonate resin, benzoguanamine resin, and melamine resin.
- Polyolefin-based powder polyester-based resin, polyamide-based resin, polyimide-based resin, polyfluoroethylene-based resin, crushed class of organic polymer compounds such as starch, and polymer compounds synthesized by suspension polymerization method can be used. can.
- the fine particles containing silicon are preferable in that the turbidity is low, and silicon dioxide is particularly preferable.
- Aerosil registered trademark
- Equation 1 5 ⁇
- the average film thickness value (A) is an average value of 10 film thickness values randomly selected from the film.
- Equation 1 the average value (B) of the thicknesses of three randomly selected points in the width direction-the average film thickness value (A)
- a commercially available film thickness measuring device can be used for measuring the film thickness.
- a film thickness measuring system "F20-UV” manufactured by Filmometry Co., Ltd. can be mentioned.
- the deviation ⁇ of the thickness of the optical film within the range of 0.5 ⁇ 0.2 ⁇ m. Details will be described later in the method for manufacturing a laminated film.
- the polarizing plate provided with the laminated film of the present invention has a water vapor transmittance in the range of 500 to 3000 g / m 2 ⁇ day at a temperature of 40 ° C. and a humidity of 90% RH.
- the moisture permeability of the optical film to 500 g / m 2 ⁇ day or more, the moisture and the solvent contained in the adhesive layer are easily diffused to the optical film side, and the adhesive durability is improved.
- the pressure is 3000 g / m 2 ⁇ day or less, the optical film is less likely to absorb moisture and expand, and the adhesive durability is improved against dimensional fluctuations and the like.
- the optical film according to the present invention has moisture permeability from the same viewpoint as above.
- the method for measuring the water vapor transmittance will be described in detail in the column of Examples below.
- the optical film according to the present invention can function as an optical film such as a retardation film by laminating a polarizing element layer on the surface.
- the in-plane retardation Ro measured in an environment with a measurement wavelength of 590 nm, 23 ° C., and 55% RH is within the range of 0 to 10 nm. It is preferably in the range of 0 to 5 nm, and more preferably in the range of 0 to 5 nm.
- the phase difference Rt in the thickness direction of the optical film is preferably in the range of -40 to 40 nm, and more preferably in the range of -25 to 25 nm.
- Ro and Rt are defined by the following formulas, respectively.
- n x represents the refractive index in the in-plane slow phase axial direction (the direction in which the refractive index is maximized) of the optical film.
- ny represents the refractive index in the direction orthogonal to the in-plane slow phase axis of the optical film.
- n z represents the refractive index in the thickness direction of the optical film.
- d represents the thickness (nm) of the optical film.
- Ro and Rt can be measured by the following methods.
- the phase difference Ro and Rt of the optical film can be adjusted, for example, by the type of resin, stretching conditions, and drying conditions. For example, Rt can be lowered by raising the drying temperature.
- the adhesive layer according to the present invention is characterized in that the thickness is within the range of 1 to less than 10 ⁇ m. Within the above range, the flexible display bonded to the glass plate is excellent in improving impact resistance and suppressing unevenness when repeatedly folded.
- the thickness is less than 1 ⁇ m, the adhesive strength to the glass plate decreases. Further, when it is 10 ⁇ m or more, the impact resistance is lowered and unevenness is likely to occur when repeatedly folded.
- the thickness is preferably in the range of 2 to 8 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 3 to 7 ⁇ m.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer according to the present invention can be formed, for example, by using a pressure-sensitive adhesive containing the (meth) acrylic copolymer and a cross-linking agent shown below. Further, the pressure-sensitive adhesive may contain at least one selected from a silane coupling agent, an antistatic agent and an ultraviolet absorber, and may contain an organic solvent, if necessary.
- Adhesive layer composition As the components constituting the adhesive layer according to the present invention, the resin used for the adhesive and various additives can be used depending on various purposes.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer can be composed of a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition containing a resin as a main component, such as (meth) acrylic, rubber, urethane, ester, silicone, and polyvinyl ether. Among them, a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition based on a (meth) acrylic resin having excellent transparency, weather resistance, heat resistance and the like is preferable.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition may be an active energy ray-curable type or a thermosetting type.
- the optical film according to the present invention can be attached to a display substrate via an adhesive layer.
- the optical film according to the present invention is made of resin, and when it is bonded to a display substrate made of materials having different shrinkage rates, stress may be generated in the adhesive layer. Therefore, it is preferable that the value of the intrinsic birefringence of the adhesive layer cancels the photoelasticity of the glass plate generated by the stress of expansion and contraction of the resin optical film. Further, it is more preferable that the structure cancels both the photoelasticity of the film and the photoelasticity of the glass plate generated by the stress of expansion and contraction of the resin optical film.
- the (meth) acrylic copolymer (P) and the cross-linking agent (Q) described below are contained as constituents of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. Further, if necessary, at least one selected from a silane coupling agent and an antistatic agent may be contained, or an organic solvent may be contained.
- the (meth) acrylic copolymer (P) is roughly composed of three components. P1) a component exhibiting positive birefringence (and a component controlling moisture permeability), P2) a component imparting a cross-linking / curing function, and P3) a component containing negative birefringence.
- the (meth) acrylic copolymer (P) can control physical properties such as Tg and moisture permeability by appropriately controlling the length of the alkyl group to a methyl ester to a long-chain alkyl ester.
- the amount of the methacrylic acid alkyl ester (p1) having 1 or more carbon atoms in the alkyl group is in the range of 50% by mass or more and 99.5% by mass or less, and the amount of the crosslinkable functional group-containing monomer (p2) is 0% by mass or more and less than 40% by mass.
- the moisture permeability can be reduced by increasing the mixing ratio of the monomers having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of the homopolymer of less than ⁇ 10 ° C.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- the moisture permeation can be controlled in a desired range by using 50% by mass or more of the monomer having an alkyl group having a C (carbon number) of 8 or more.
- Examples of the monomer having an alkyl group of C8 or higher include octyl methacrylate (-20 ° C), 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate (-10 ° C), lauryl methacrylate (-65 ° C), isostearyl methacrylate (-18 ° C) and the like. Can be mentioned.
- a monomer component containing (p1) in an amount in the range of 60% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less and a crosslinkable functional group-containing monomer (p2) in an amount in the range of 0% by mass or more and less than 40% by mass negative. It is a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing a monomer component containing a functional group-containing monomer (p3) containing a compound refraction in an amount in the range of 5% by mass or more and less than 30% by mass.
- a monomer component containing (p1) in an amount in the range of 65% by mass or more and 85% by mass or less and a crosslinkable functional group-containing monomer (p2) in an amount in the range of 0% by mass or more and less than 20% by mass negative. It is a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing a monomer component containing a functional group-containing monomer (p3) containing a compound refraction in an amount in the range of 10% by mass or more and less than 20% by mass.
- acrylic and methacrylic are collectively referred to as “(meth) acrylic".
- the structural unit derived from a certain monomer A contained in the polymer is also described as “monomer A unit”.
- the above (p1), (p2) and (p3) are also referred to as “monomer (p1)”, “monomer (p2)” and “monomer (p3)", respectively.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- a polarizing element layer can be bonded via an adhesive layer to form a polarizing plate.
- the adhesive layer it is preferable to use a water-based adhesive as described later ([3.3] Adhesive layer).
- the layer structure is in the order of a release film, an adhesive layer, an optical film, an adhesive layer, and a polarizing element layer, and has a property that moisture contained in the adhesive layer is easily diffused to an adjacent polarizing element layer. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the deterioration of the polarizing element layer by suppressing the diffusion of water into the polarizing element layer.
- the optical film according to the present invention has moisture permeability, the moisture contained in the adhesive layer easily diffuses into the optical film. Further, since the adhesive layer according to the present invention has moisture permeability, the moisture diffused in the optical film further diffuses into the adhesive layer, so that deterioration of the polarizing element layer can be further prevented.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer according to the present invention can be controlled to have an appropriate moisture permeability depending on the composition of the monomers (p1) and (p2).
- the monomer (p1) is a methacrylic acid alkyl ester having a homopolymer Tg of less than ⁇ 10 ° C. and an alkyl group having 8 or more carbon atoms.
- the monomer having a homopolymer Tg in the range of ⁇ 80 to ⁇ 10 ° C. and an alkyl group having 8 or more carbon atoms is preferable, and the Tg is in the range of ⁇ 70 to ⁇ 30 ° C. and the carbon of the alkyl group.
- the monomer having a number of 8 or more is more preferable, and the monomer having a Tg in the range of ⁇ 70 to ⁇ 30 ° C. and an alkyl having 10 or more carbon atoms is further preferable.
- Examples of the monomer (p1) include octyl methacrylate (-20 ° C), isooctyl methacrylate (-45 ° C), 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate (-10 ° C), isodecyl methacrylate (-41 ° C), and lauryl methacrylate (-41 ° C). -65 ° C.), tetradecyl methacrylate (-72 ° C.), isostearyl methacrylate (-18 ° C.).
- the numbers in parentheses indicate the Tg of the homopolymer of each monomer.
- a (meth) acrylic copolymer containing a structural unit derived from a methacrylic acid alkyl ester having a low Tg of homopolymer When a (meth) acrylic copolymer containing a structural unit derived from a methacrylic acid alkyl ester having a low Tg of homopolymer is used, appropriate stress relaxation property can be imparted to the adhesive layer. Further, when the alkyl group of the methacrylic acid alkyl ester has a long chain, hydrophobicity can be imparted in addition to stress relaxation property. For example, by using a monomer (p1) having a long-chain alkyl group, it has an effect of reducing the diffusion of water into the substituent layer. Therefore, by adjusting the compounding ratio, an adhesive layer having an appropriate moisture permeability can be obtained. Be done.
- the monomer (p1) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the monomer (p1) used is 50% by mass or more and 99.5% by mass or less, preferably in the range of 70 to 99% by mass, more preferably in 100% by mass of the monomer component forming the copolymer (P). Is in the range of 80 to 98.5% by mass.
- the obtained adhesive layer is preferable in that it can exhibit an appropriate moisture permeable function.
- the monomer component forming the copolymer (P) includes a monomer having a crosslinkable functional group capable of reacting with the crosslinking agent (Q), that is, a crosslinkable functional group-containing monomer (p2).
- Examples of the monomer (p2) include a hydroxy group-containing monomer and a carboxy group-containing monomer.
- hydroxy group-containing monomer examples include hydroxy group-containing (meth) acrylates, and specifically, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, and 4-hydroshikibutyl (meth).
- Hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates such as acrylates, 6-hydroxyhexyl (meth) acrylates and 8-hydroxyoctyl (meth) acrylates.
- the number of carbon atoms of the hydroxyalkyl group in the hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate is usually in the range of 2 to 8, preferably in the range of 2 to 6.
- carboxy group-containing monomer examples include (meth) acrylic acid ⁇ -carboxyethyl, (meth) acrylic acid 5-carboxypentyl, succinic acid mono (meth) acryloyloxyethyl ester, and ⁇ -carboxypolycaprolactone mono (meth) acrylate.
- carboxy group-containing (meth) acrylate acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid and the like.
- the monomer (p2) preferably has a methacrylic structure in order to obtain an appropriate moisture-permeable function of the adhesive layer, and the monomer (p2) may be used alone or in combination of two or more. May be good.
- the amount of the monomer (p2) used is 0.5% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less, preferably in the range of 1 to 8% by mass, more preferably more preferably, in 100% by mass of the monomer component forming the copolymer (P). It is in the range of 2 to 6% by mass.
- the amount of the monomer (p2) used is not more than the upper limit, the crosslink density formed by the copolymer (P) and the crosslinking agent (Q) does not become too high, and an adhesive layer having excellent stress relaxation properties can be obtained. Be done.
- the amount of the monomer (p2) used is not less than the lower limit, the crosslinked structure is effectively formed, and an adhesive layer having appropriate strength at room temperature can be obtained.
- the monomer (p2) is preferably set so that the acid value of the copolymer (P) is 15 or less, more preferably 10 or less, still more preferably 8 or less.
- the acid value is not more than the above upper limit value, deterioration of the dichroic dye such as iodine constituting the polarizing element due to the liberation of the acid can be suppressed, which is preferable.
- PHEA phenoxyethyl acrylate
- benzyl (meth) acrylate phenoxydiethylene glycol acrylate
- ethoxylated-o-phenylphenol acrylate A-LEN-10
- 2-acryloyloxypropylphthalic acid 2-acryloyloxypropylphthalic acid and the like.
- the copolymer (P) is calculated by the following formula based on the molecular weight of the carboxy group-containing monomer used for the copolymerization and the blending amount (mass%) of the carboxy group-containing monomer.
- 56.1 is the molecular weight of KOH.
- the monomer component forming the copolymer (P) for example, a (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester other than the above monomer (p1), an alkoxyalkyl (meth), as long as the physical properties of the copolymer (P) are not impaired.
- Other monomers can also be used.
- R 1 is a hydrogen or a methyl group
- R 2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- alkoxyalkyl (meth) acrylate examples include methoxymethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-methoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 3-methoxypropyl (meth) acrylate, and 3-ethoxypropyl (.
- alkoxyalkyl (meth) acrylate examples include methoxymethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-methoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 3-methoxypropyl (meth) acrylate, and 3-ethoxypropyl (.
- meth) acrylate examples include meth) acrylate, 4-methoxybutyl (meth) acrylate, and 4-ethoxybutyl (meth) acrylate.
- alkoxypolyalkylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate examples include methoxydiethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, methoxydipropylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, ethoxytriethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, and ethoxydiethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate. Examples thereof include methoxytriethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate.
- Examples of the alicyclic group or aromatic ring-containing (meth) acrylate include cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, isobornyl (meth) acrylate, benzyl (meth) acrylate, and phenyl (meth) acrylate.
- Examples of the acid group-containing monomer include maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, a (meth) acrylic monomer having a phosphate group in the side chain, and a (meth) acrylic monomer having a sulfate group in the side chain.
- Examples of the amino group-containing monomer include amino group-containing (meth) acrylates such as dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate and diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate.
- Examples of the amide group-containing monomer include (meth) acrylamide, N-methyl (meth) acrylamide, N-ethyl (meth) acrylamide, N-propyl (meth) acrylamide, and N-hexyl (meth) acrylamide.
- Examples of the nitrogen-based heterocyclic-containing monomer include vinylpyrrolidone, acryloylmorpholine, and vinylcaprolactam.
- Examples of the cyano group-containing monomer include cyano (meth) acrylate and (meth) acrylonitrile.
- a copolymerizable monomer such as a styrene-based monomer or vinyl acetate should be used as long as the physical properties of the copolymer (P) are not impaired. You can also.
- styrene-based monomer examples include styrene; alkyl styrene such as methyl styrene, dimethyl styrene, trimethyl styrene, propyl styrene, butyl styrene, hexyl styrene, heptyl styrene, and octyl styrene; fluorostyrene, chloro styrene, and bromo styrene.
- alkyl styrene such as methyl styrene, dimethyl styrene, trimethyl styrene, propyl styrene, butyl styrene, hexyl styrene, heptyl styrene, and octyl styrene
- fluorostyrene chloro styren
- Halogenized styrene such as dibromostyrene and iodide styrene; nitrostyrene, acetylstyrene, methoxystyrene and the like can be mentioned.
- the other monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the total amount of other monomers eg, other (meth) acrylic acid esters, copolymerizable monomers
- the total amount of other monomers (eg, other (meth) acrylic acid esters, copolymerizable monomers) in 100% by mass of the monomer component forming the copolymer (P) is in the range of 0 to 45% by mass. It is preferably in the range of 0 to 25% by mass, more preferably.
- the production conditions of the (meth) acrylic copolymer (P) are not particularly limited, but the (meth) acrylic copolymer (P) can be produced, for example, by a solution polymerization method. Specifically, the polymerization solvent and the monomer component are charged in the reaction vessel, the polymerization initiator is added under the atmosphere of an inert gas such as nitrogen gas, and the reaction start temperature is usually in the range of 40 to 100 ° C., preferably 50.
- the reaction system is set in the range of about 80 ° C., and the reaction system is maintained at a temperature usually in the range of 50 to 90 ° C., preferably in the range of 70 to 90 ° C., and reacted within the range of 4 to 20 hours.
- the copolymer (P) is obtained by copolymerizing, for example, the above-mentioned monomer components including the monomers (p1) and (p2), but it may be a random copolymer or a block copolymer. Of these, random copolymers are preferred.
- polymerization solvent used for solution polymerization examples include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane and n-octane; cyclopentane, Alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane; ethers such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, dibutyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, anisole, phenylethyl ether, diphenyl ether; chloroform, Halogenized hydrocarbons such as carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene; esters such as ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate,
- Ketones such as N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone; nitriles such as acetonitrile and benzonitrile; sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide and sulfolanes.
- These polymerization solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the polymerization initiator used for solution polymerization include azo-based initiators and peroxide-based initiators. Specific examples thereof include azo compounds such as 2,2'-assobisisobutyronitrile, and peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide and laurium peroxide. Among these, azo compounds are preferable. Examples of the azo compound include 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2'-azobis (4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), and 2,2'-azobis (2-cyclo).
- the polymerization initiator is usually in the range of 0.01 to 5 parts by mass, preferably 0.1 to 3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the monomer component forming the (meth) acrylic copolymer (P). Used in quantities within range. Further, a polymerization initiator, a chain transfer agent, a monomer component and a polymerization solvent may be additionally added during the above-mentioned polymerization reaction.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the (meth) acrylic copolymer (P) measured by the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) method is usually in the range of 400,000 to 3 million in terms of polystyrene. It is preferably in the range of 600,000 to 2.5 million, more preferably in the range of 800,000 to 2 million, and even more preferably in the range of 800,000 to 1.3 million.
- Mw weight average molecular weight of the (meth) acrylic copolymer measured by the gel permeation chromatography
- the molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of the (meth) acrylic copolymer (P) measured by the GPC method is usually 15 or less, preferably in the range of 2 to 15, and more preferably in the range of 4 to 13. Within.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the (meth) acrylic copolymer (P) can be calculated, for example, from the monomer units constituting the copolymer and the content ratio thereof by the Fox formula.
- the (meth) acrylic copolymer (P) having such a glass transition temperature (Tg) it is possible to obtain a pressure-sensitive adhesive having excellent stress relaxation and durability and excellent adhesiveness at room temperature. can.
- Tg is the glass transition temperature of the (meth) acrylic copolymer (P)
- Tg 1 , Tg 2 , ..., Tg m is the glass transition temperature of the homopolymer composed of each monomer
- W 1 , W 2 , ..., W m are the mass fractions of the constituent units derived from each monomer in the copolymer (P).
- the charging ratio of each monomer to all the monomers at the time of copolymer synthesis can be used.
- glass transition temperature of the homopolymer composed of each monomer in the above-mentioned Fox formula for example, the value described in Polymer Handbook Fourth Edition (Wiley-Interscience 1999) can be used.
- the content of the (meth) acrylic copolymer (P) is usually in the range of 60 to 99.99% by mass in 100% by mass of the solid content excluding the organic solvent in the pressure-sensitive adhesive. Of these, it is more preferably in the range of 70 to 99.95% by mass, and particularly preferably in the range of 80 to 99.90% by mass.
- the content of the (meth) acrylic copolymer (P) is within the above range, the performance as an adhesive is balanced and the adhesiveness is excellent.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive used in the present invention further contains a cross-linking agent (Q).
- the cross-linking agent (Q) is particularly limited as long as it is a component capable of causing a cross-linking reaction with the cross-linking functional group derived from the cross-linking functional group-containing monomer (p2) contained in the (meth) acrylic copolymer (P).
- examples thereof include an isocyanate compound (Q1), a metal chelate compound (Q2), and an epoxy compound (Q3).
- the cross-linking agent (Q) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the cross-linking agent (Q) is usually 0.01 to 5 parts by mass, more preferably 0 with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (meth) acrylic copolymer (P). It is 0.05 to 2.5 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 1 part by mass. When this content is within the above range, it is preferable because it is easy to balance durability and stress relaxation.
- Isocyanate compound (Q1) As the isocyanate compound (Q1), an isocyanate compound having two or more isocyanate groups in one molecule is usually used. By cross-linking the (meth) acrylic copolymer (P) with the isocyanate compound (Q1), a cross-linked product (network polymer) can be formed.
- the number of isocyanate groups of the isocyanate compound (Q1) is usually 2 or more, preferably in the range of 2 to 8, and more preferably in the range of 3 to 6. When the number of isocyanate groups is within the above range, it is preferable in terms of the cross-linking reaction efficiency between the (meth) acrylic copolymer (P) and the isocyanate compound (Q1) and the flexibility of the adhesive layer.
- diisocyanate compound having 2 isocyanate groups in one molecule examples include aliphatic diisocyanates, alicyclic diisocyanates, and aromatic diisocyanates.
- Aliphatic diisocyanates include ethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, pentamethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2-methyl-1,5-pentane diisocyanate, 3-methyl-1,5-pentane diisocyanate, and 2,2,4-trimethyl.
- examples thereof include aliphatic diisocyanates having 4 to 30 carbon atoms such as -1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate.
- alicyclic diisocyanate examples include isophorone diisocyanate, cyclopentyl diisocyanate, cyclohexyl diisocyanate, hydrogenated xylylene diisocyanate, hydrogenated tolylene diisocyanate, hydrogenated diphenylmethane diisocyanate, hydrogenated tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate and the like. Diisocyanate can be mentioned.
- aromatic diisocyanate examples include aromatic diisocyanates having 8 to 30 carbon atoms such as phenylenediocyanate, tolylene diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, naphthylene diisocyanate, diphenyl ether diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and diphenylpropane diisocyanate.
- isocyanate compound having 3 or more isocyanate groups in one molecule examples include aromatic polyisocyanate, aliphatic polyisocyanate, and alicyclic polyisocyanate. Specific examples thereof include 2,4,6-triisocyanate toluene, 1,3,5-triisocyanatebenzene, and 4,4', 4 "-triphenylmethane triisocyanate.
- the isocyanate compound (Q1) includes, for example, a multimer (for example, a dimer or a trimer, a biuret or an isocyanurate) or a derivative (for example, a polymer) of the above-mentioned isocyanate compound having 2 or 3 or more isocyanate groups.
- the polyhydric alcohol in the derivative include trihydric or higher alcohols such as trimethylolpropane, glycerin, and pentaerythritol as low molecular weight polyhydric alcohols; and examples of high molecular weight polyhydric alcohols include polyether polyols. Examples thereof include polyester polyols, acrylic polyols, polybutadiene polyols, and polyisoprene polyols.
- isocyanate compounds include trimer of diphenylmethane diisocyanate, polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate or biuret or isocyanurate of tolylene diisocyanate, trimethyl propane and tolylene diisocyanate or xylylene diisocyanate.
- Reaction product with for example, triple-molecule adduct of tolylene diisocyanate or xylylene diisocyanate
- reaction product of trimethylolpropane and hexamethylene diisocyanate for example, three-molecule adduct of hexamethylene diisocyanate
- polyether polyisocyanate examples include polyester polyisocyanate.
- the isocyanate compounds (Q1) the reaction product of trimethylolpropane and tolylene diisocyanate or xylylene diisocyanate (L-45 manufactured by Soken Chemical Co., Ltd., Soken Chemical Co., Ltd.) in that the aging property can be improved.
- Hexamethylene diisocyanate or tolylene diisocyanate isocyanurate TSE-100 manufactured by Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd., 2050 manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane Industry Co., Ltd.
- the isocyanate compound (Q1) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Metallic chelate compound (Q2) examples include polyvalent metals such as aluminum, iron, copper, zinc, tin, titanium, nickel, antimony, magnesium, vanadium, chromium and zirconium, alkoxide, acetylacetone, ethyl acetoacetate and the like. Coordinated compounds can be mentioned.
- an aluminum chelate compound (M-12AT manufactured by Soken Chemical Co., Ltd., etc.) is particularly preferable. Specific examples thereof include aluminum isopropylate, aluminum secondary butyrate, aluminum ethyl acetoacetate / diisopropyrate, aluminum trisethyl acetoacetate, and aluminum trisacetylacetonate.
- the metal chelate compound (Q2) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Epoxy compound (Q3) an epoxy compound having two or more epoxy groups in one molecule is usually used.
- an epoxy compound having two or more epoxy groups in one molecule is usually used.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive used in the present invention preferably further contains a silane coupling agent.
- the silane coupling agent firmly adheres the adhesive layer to an adherend such as a glass plate, and contributes to preventing peeling in a high temperature and high humidity environment.
- silane coupling agent examples include polymerizable unsaturated group-containing silane coupling agents such as vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, and methacrypropyltrimethoxysilane; 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-.
- Epoxy group-containing silane cups such as glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane Ring agent; Amino group-containing silanes such as 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane Coupling agents: Halogen-containing silane coupling agents such as 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-oxobutanoic acid-3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl, oligomer-type silane coupling agents and the like can be mentioned.
- a silane coupling agent having a functional group capable of forming the above is preferable in that it does not easily cause peeling in a high temperature and high humidity environment.
- the content of the silane coupling agent is usually 1 part by mass or less, preferably 0.01 to 1 part by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the (meth) acrylic copolymer (P). It is within the range of parts, more preferably within the range of 0.05 to 0.5 parts by mass. When the content is within the above range, peeling in a high temperature and high humidity environment and bleeding of the silane coupling agent in a high temperature environment tend to be prevented.
- the antistatic agent can be used, for example, to reduce the surface resistance value of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer according to the present invention.
- the antistatic agent include a surfactant, an ionic compound, and a conductive polymer.
- the surfactant examples include a cationic surfactant having a cationic group such as a quaternary ammonium salt, an amide quaternary ammonium salt, a pyridium salt, and a primary to tertiary amino group; a sulfonic acid base and a sulfate ester.
- Anionic surfactants having anionic groups such as bases and phosphate ester bases; amphoteric surfactants such as alkyl betaines, alkylimidazolinium betaines, alkylamine oxides, amino acid sulfate esters, glycerin fatty acid esters, etc.
- Solbitan fatty acid esters polyoxyethylene alkylamines, polyoxyethylene alkylamine fatty acid esters, N-hydroxyethyl-N-2-hydroxyalkylamines, alkyldiethanolamides and other nonionic surfactants. Be done.
- a reactive emulsifier having a polymerizable group can be mentioned, and a polymer-based surfactant obtained by increasing the molecular weight of the above-mentioned surfactant or the monomer component containing the reactive emulsifier can also be used.
- the ionic compound is composed of a cation portion and an anion portion, and may be in a solid state or a liquid state at room temperature (23 ° C., 50% RH).
- the cation portion constituting the ionic compound may be either an inorganic cation or an organic cation, or both.
- the inorganic cations alkali metal ions and alkaline earth metal ions are preferable, and Li + , Na + and K + , which have excellent antistatic properties, are more preferable.
- the organic cation include pyridinium cation, piperidinium cation, pyrrolidinium cation, pyrrolin cation, pyrrole cation, imidazolium cation, tetrahydropyrimidinium cation, dihydropyrimidinium cation, pyrazolium cation, pyrazoli.
- examples thereof include nium cations, tetraalkylammonium cations, trialkylsulfonium cations, tetraalkylphosphonium cations and derivatives thereof.
- the anionic portion constituting the ionic compound is not particularly limited as long as it can form an ionic compound by ionic bonding with the cation moiety.
- anions containing a fluorine atom are preferable because they give an ionic compound having a low melting point, and (F 2 SO 2 ) 2 N ⁇ and (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N ⁇ are particularly preferable, and they are particularly preferable.
- ( CF 3 SO 2 ) 2N ⁇ is particularly preferable in that deterioration is unlikely to occur.
- Examples of the ionic compound include lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, lithium bis (difluorosulfonyl) imide, lithium tris (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) methane, potassium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, and potassium bis (difluorosulfonyl) imide, 1.
- the content of the antistatic agent is usually 3 parts by mass or less, preferably 0.01 to 3 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the (meth) acrylic copolymer (P). , More preferably in the range of 0.05 to 2.5 parts by mass.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive used in the present invention preferably contains an organic solvent in order to adjust the coatability.
- the organic solvent include the polymerization solvent described in the column of (meth) acrylic copolymer (P).
- a pressure-sensitive adhesive can be prepared by mixing a polymer solution containing the (meth) acrylic copolymer (P) and the polymerization solvent obtained by the above-mentioned copolymerization with a cross-linking agent (Q).
- the content of the organic solvent is usually in the range of 50 to 90% by mass, preferably in the range of 60 to 85% by mass.
- solid content refers to all the components contained in the pressure-sensitive adhesive excluding the organic solvent
- solid content concentration refers to the solid content with respect to 100% by mass of the pressure-sensitive adhesive. Refers to the ratio.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive used in the present invention includes antioxidants, light stabilizers, ultraviolet absorbers, metal corrosion inhibitors, tackifiers, plasticizers, and cross-linking promoters as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. It may contain one or more selected from the agent, the (meth) acrylic polymer other than the above (P), and the reworking agent.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer according to the present invention preferably has a water vapor permeability of 800 g / m 2 ⁇ day or more and 5000 / m 2 ⁇ day or less, more preferably 1000 to 4000 g / m 2 ⁇ day or less, and further preferably 1500 to. 3500 g / m 2 ⁇ day is preferable.
- the method for measuring the water vapor transmittance will be described in detail in the column of Examples below.
- the moisture permeability of the adhesive layer is 800 g / m 2 ⁇ day or more, the moisture and solvent contained in the adhesive layer are more likely to diffuse from the optical film side to the adhesive layer, and the adhesive durability is improved.
- the pressure is 5000 g / m 2 ⁇ day or less, the adhesive layer is less likely to absorb moisture and expand, and the adhesive durability is improved against dimensional fluctuations and the like.
- the adhesive layer according to the present invention is prevented from shrinking and cracking even in a high temperature and high humidity environment.
- the water vapor transmittance of the adhesive layer is higher than the water vapor transmittance of the optical film from the viewpoint of the durability of the adhesive layer formed when the optical film and the polarizing element layer are bonded to each other.
- the adhesive strength of the laminated film of the present invention to the substrate can be measured based on the "adhesive tape / adhesive sheet test method" described in JIS Z-0237: 2009. From the viewpoint of durability against repeated folding operations when bonded to the substrate, the adhesive strength to the substrate is preferably 3.0 N / 25 mm or more, and more preferably 4.0 N / 25 mm or more. More preferably, it is 4.5 N / 25 mm or more.
- the substrate is not particularly limited, and is preferably a glass plate or a thermoplastic resin. The method for measuring the adhesive strength will be described in detail in the column of Examples below.
- the release film according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but usually a transparent base film having a release layer formed therein is used.
- a transparent base film various resin films can be used as in the case of the support used when producing the optical film described later, but a polyester film is preferable.
- the polyester film may have a single-layer structure or a laminated structure.
- the polyester used for the polyester film may be a homopolyester or a copolymerized polyester.
- it is preferably obtained by polycondensing an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and an aliphatic glycol.
- aromatic dicarboxylic acid include terephthalic acid and 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid
- aliphatic glycol include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol.
- Examples of typical polyesters include polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and the like.
- examples of the dicarboxylic acid component of the copolymerized polyester include isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, and oxycarboxylic acid (for example, P-oxybenzoic acid).
- examples of the glycol component include one or more of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, neopentyl glycol and the like.
- the polyester in the present invention refers to a polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate in which 60 mol% or more, preferably 80 mol% or more is an ethylene terephthalate unit.
- particles to the polyester layer mainly for the purpose of imparting slipperiness.
- the type of particles to be blended is not particularly limited as long as it is a particle capable of imparting slipperiness, and specific examples thereof include silica, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, barium carbonate, calcium sulfate, calcium phosphate, and phosphoric acid. Particles of magnesium, kaolin, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide and the like can be mentioned. Further, heat-resistant organic particles described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-5216, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-217755, etc. may be used.
- thermosetting urea resin thermosetting phenol resin
- thermosetting epoxy resin thermosetting epoxy resin
- benzoguanamine resin examples of other heat-resistant organic particles
- precipitated particles in which a part of a metal compound such as a catalyst is precipitated and finely dispersed can also be used.
- the shape of the particles to be used is not particularly limited, and any of spherical, lumpy, rod-shaped, flat-shaped and the like may be used. Further, the hardness, specific gravity, color and the like are not particularly limited. Two or more kinds of these series of particles may be used in combination, if necessary.
- the surface roughness (SRa) of the release film in the present invention is usually preferably in the range of 10 to 30 nm, preferably in the range of 10 to 20 nm, from the viewpoint of the slipperiness and appearance of the film.
- the average particle size of the particles contained in the polyester film is usually in the range of 0.2 to 1 ⁇ m.
- the particle size is 0.2 ⁇ m or more, flattening of the film surface can be prevented and deterioration of the winding characteristics in the film manufacturing process can be prevented.
- the particle size is 1 ⁇ m or less, these particles imparted to impart slipperiness do not become a sticking plaster that partially pops out from the release film, and the adhesive layer serving as the adjacent layer in the present invention. It is preferable from the viewpoint of layer thickness uniformity, and thus adhesiveness and adhesive durability.
- the particle content in the polyester layer is usually in the range of 0.01 to 3% by mass from the viewpoint of the slipperiness and transparency of the film.
- the method of adding particles to the polyester layer is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known method can be adopted.
- it can be added at any stage of producing the polyester constituting each layer, but preferably the esterification stage or the polycondensation reaction may proceed after the transesterification reaction is completed.
- a method of blending a slurry of particles dispersed in ethylene glycol or water with a polyester raw material using a kneaded extruder with a vent or a method of blending dried particles with a polyester raw material using a kneading extruder. It is done by the method.
- antioxidants In addition to the above-mentioned particles, conventionally known antioxidants, antistatic agents, heat stabilizers, lubricants, dyes, pigments and the like can be added to the polyester film of the present invention, if necessary.
- the thickness of the polyester film constituting the release film of the present invention is preferably in the range of 30 to 75 ⁇ m in order to improve the handleability in terms of use.
- the film thickness is 30 ⁇ m or more, even if the polarizing plate is further thinned, the strength of the film laminate is not insufficient and the handleability is not deteriorated.
- it is 75 ⁇ m or less, the cost performance is good, it is not difficult to increase the winding length in the roll-shaped product, and the workability is not deteriorated in the continuous production.
- the release layer constituting the release film according to the present invention preferably contains a curable silicone resin from the viewpoint of improving the release property.
- a type containing a curable silicone resin as a main component may be used, or a modified silicone type or the like obtained by graft polymerization with an organic resin such as urethane resin, epoxy resin or alkyd resin may be used.
- curable silicone resin any curing reaction type such as addition type, condensation type, ultraviolet curable type, electron beam curable type, solvent-free type, etc. can be used. Specific examples include KS-774, KS-775, KS-778, KS-779H, KS-847H, KS-856, X-62-2422, X-62-2461, X manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- the laminated film of the present invention is a laminated film composed of at least an optical film, an adhesive layer, and a release film, and the thickness of the optical film is in the range of 1 to less than 10 ⁇ m. It is characterized in that the thickness of the adhesive layer is within the range of 1 to less than 10 ⁇ m.
- the form of the laminated film of the present invention is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, a band shape before being put into practical use for various purposes. That is, it is preferable that the laminated film according to the present invention is wound into a roll in a direction orthogonal to the width direction thereof to form a roll body.
- the laminated film of the present invention can be obtained, for example, by forming an optical film on a support and then laminating an adhesive layer and a release film in this order.
- the optical film according to the present invention is formed on a support.
- the production method consists of 1) a step of obtaining an optical film solution, 2) a step of applying the obtained optical film solution to the surface of the support, and 3) a step of removing the solvent from the applied optical film solution. It also has a step of forming an optical film.
- Step of obtaining a solution for an optical film An optical film solution (also referred to as "dope") containing the above-mentioned resin and a solvent is prepared.
- the solvent used for the optical film solution is not particularly limited as long as it can satisfactorily disperse or dissolve the resin.
- the organic solvent used in the present invention alcohols (methanol, ethanol, diol, triol, tetrafluoropropanol, etc.), glycols, cellosolves, ketones (acetone, methylethylketone, etc.), carboxylic acids (girate, acetic acid, etc.) Etc.), carbonates (ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, etc.), esters (ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, etc.), ethers (isopropyl ether, THF, etc.), amides (dimethylsulfoxide, etc.), hydrocarbons (heptane, etc.) , Esters (acetate, etc.), aromatics (cyclohexylbenzene, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, etc.), alkyl halides (diohe
- a chlorine-based solvent having a boiling point of 100 ° C. or lower under atmospheric pressure is preferable from the viewpoint of ease of handling when preparing a dope for an optical film and forming a film.
- dichloromethane also referred to as "methylene chloride”
- Dichloromethane has high resin solubility and a high drying rate, so that it is easy to adjust the film quality of the coating film.
- a hydrophilic solvent can be added, and examples of the hydrophilic solvent include ketones and alcohols, but alcohols are preferable. Isopropanol, ethanol, methanol and the like are more preferable, and methanol is most preferable.
- the addition amount is preferably in the range of 1 to 20% by mass, more preferably in the range of 3 to 10% by mass.
- the resin concentration of the optical film solution is preferably in the range of, for example, 1.0 to 20% by mass from the viewpoint of facilitating the adjustment of the viscosity to the range described later. Further, from the viewpoint of reducing the amount of shrinkage of the coating film during drying, the resin concentration of the optical film solution is preferably moderately high, more preferably more than 5% by mass and 20% by mass or less, and more preferably more than 5% by mass. It is more preferably 15% by mass or less. Further, by adjusting the solution concentration, the time until the film is formed is shortened, and the drying time thereof can also be a means for controlling the surface state of the optical film. A mixed solvent may be appropriately used for increasing the concentration.
- the viscosity of the optical film solution may be as long as it can form an optical film having a desired thickness, and is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of, for example, 5 to 5000 mPa ⁇ s.
- the viscosity of the optical film solution is 5 mPa ⁇ s or more, it is easy to form an optical film of an appropriate thickness, and when it is 5000 mPa ⁇ s or less, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of thickness unevenness due to the increase in the viscosity of the solution. Can be done.
- the viscosity of the optical film solution is more preferably in the range of 100 to 1000 mPa ⁇ s.
- the viscosity of the optical film solution can be measured with an E-type viscometer at 25 ° C.
- Step of applying the optical film solution the obtained optical film solution is applied to the surface of the support. Specifically, the obtained optical film solution is applied to the surface of the support.
- the support is to support when the optical film is formed, and a resin film is usually used.
- the thickness of the support is preferably 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the support is preferably in the range of 15 to 45 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 20 to 40 ⁇ m, because a certain degree of strength (waist and rigidity) is required as the support.
- the resin used examples include cellulose ester-based resin, cycloolefin-based resin, polypropylene-based resin, acrylic-based resin, polyester-based resin, polyarylate-based resin, and styrene-based resin or a composite resin thereof. It is preferable to use a polyester resin as a resin having excellent storage stability in a humidity environment.
- polyester resins examples include polyester resins (eg, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polybutylene naphthalate (PBN), etc.). Etc. are included. Among them, a polyester resin film containing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) is preferable from the viewpoint of ease of handling.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PBT polytrimethylene terephthalate
- PEN polybutylene terephthalate
- PBN polybutylene naphthalate
- Etc. are included.
- a polyester resin film containing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) is preferable from the viewpoint of ease of handling.
- the resin film may be heat-treated (heat-relaxed) or stretch-treated.
- the heat treatment is for reducing the residual stress of the resin film (for example, the residual stress due to stretching) and is not particularly limited.
- the glass transition temperature of the resin constituting the resin film is Tg, (Tg + 60) to (Tg + 60) to ( It can be carried out at Tg + 180) ° C.
- the stretching treatment is for increasing the residual stress of the resin film, and the stretching treatment is preferably performed in the biaxial direction of the resin film, for example.
- the stretching treatment can be performed under any conditions, for example, with a stretching ratio of about 120 to 900%. Whether or not the resin film is stretched can be confirmed by, for example, whether or not there is an in-plane slow phase axis (an axis extending in the direction of maximizing the refractive index).
- the stretching treatment may be performed before laminating the optical film or after laminating, but it is preferable that the stretching treatment is performed before laminating.
- polyester-based resin film (simply referred to as polyester film), and examples thereof include “polyester terephthalate film TN100” manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd. and "MELINEX ST504" manufactured by Teijin DuPont Film Co., Ltd. Can be done.
- the support may have a release layer on the surface of the resin film.
- the release layer can facilitate the release of the support from the optical film when the polarizing plate is produced.
- the release layer may contain a known release agent and is not particularly limited.
- Examples of the release agent contained in the release layer include a silicone-based release agent and a non-silicone-based release agent.
- silicone-based release agent examples include known silicone-based resins.
- non-silicone-based release agent examples include a long-chain alkyl pendant type polymer obtained by reacting a polyvinyl alcohol or an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer with a long-chain alkyl isocyanate, and an olefin resin (for example, a copolymerized polyethylene, a cyclic polyolefin, etc.).
- polymethylpentene polyallylate resins (eg, polycondensates of aromatic dicarboxylic acid components and divalent phenol components), fluororesins (eg, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyfluorinated vinylidene (PVDF), polyfluoride).
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PVDF polyfluorinated vinylidene
- Vinyl (PVF), PFA (copolymer of ethylene tetrafluoride and perfluoroalkoxyethylene), FEP (copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene), ETFE (copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene) ) Etc. can be mentioned.
- the thickness of the peeling layer may be as long as it can exhibit the desired peeling property, and is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of, for example, 0.1 to 1.0 ⁇ m.
- the support may contain a plasticizer as an additive.
- the plasticizer is not particularly limited, but is preferably a polyhydric alcohol ester-based plasticizer, a phthalic acid ester-based plasticizer, a citric acid-based plasticizer, a fatty acid ester-based plasticizer, a phosphoric acid ester-based plasticizer, and a polyvalent carboxylic acid. It is preferable to select from an ester-based plasticizer, a polyester-based plasticizer, and the like.
- the support may contain an ultraviolet absorber.
- the ultraviolet absorber include benzotriazole-based, 2-hydroxybenzophenone-based, and salicylic acid phenyl ester-based agents.
- the support used in the present invention preferably contains fine particles in order to improve the transportability.
- fine particles of an inorganic compound examples thereof include silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, calcium carbonate, talc, clay, calcined kaolin, calcined calcium silicate, hydrated calcium silicate, and calcium silicate.
- examples include aluminum oxide, magnesium silicate and calcium phosphate.
- fine particles of an organic compound examples thereof include polytetrafluoroethylene, cellulose acetate, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polypropyl methacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, polyethylene carbonate, acrylic styrene resin, silicone resin, and polycarbonate.
- organic polymer compounds such as resins, benzoguanamine resins, melamine resins, polyolefin powders, polyester resins, polyamide resins, polyimide resins, polyfluoroethylene resins, and starch. Examples thereof include synthesized polymer compounds.
- the fine particles preferably contain silicon from the viewpoint of reducing turbidity.
- silicon dioxide is preferable, and examples thereof include "Aerosil R972, R972V, R974, R812, 200, 200V, 300, R202, OX50, TT600 (trade name)" manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.
- a manufacturing method of the support used in the present invention a usual inflation method, a T-die method, a calendar method, a cutting method, a casting method, an emulsion method, a hot press method and the like can be used, but color suppression is suppressed.
- the solution casting method and the melt casting method are preferable as the film forming method.
- the temperature in the processing step is low, and therefore, it is possible to impart high functionality by using various additives.
- the support is manufactured by dissolving and dispersing an additive such as a thermoplastic resin and the above-mentioned fine particles in a solvent to prepare a dope (dissolution step; dope preparation step).
- a step of casting the dope onto an endless metal support (casting step), a step of drying the cast dope as a web (solvent evaporation step), and a step of peeling the dope from the metal support (peeling step). It is preferable to include a step of drying, stretching, and holding the width (stretching, holding the width, and drying), and a step of winding the finished film into a roll (winding step).
- optical film according to the present invention it is preferable to form the optical film according to the present invention by the following method using the support manufactured as described above.
- the method for applying the solution for an optical film is not particularly limited, and may be a known method such as a back roller coating method, a gravure coating method, a spin coating method, a wire bar coating method, or a roll coating method. Above all, the back coat method is preferable from the viewpoint of being able to form a thin and uniform thickness coating film.
- Step 3 Step of forming an optical film
- the solvent is removed from the solution for an optical film applied to the support to form an optical film.
- the optical film solution applied to the support is dried. Drying can be performed, for example, by blowing air or heating. Above all, from the viewpoint of facilitating curling of the optical film, it is preferable to dry by blowing air, and further, it is preferable to make a difference in wind speed between the initial stage of drying and the latter half of drying in terms of controlling the film thickness deviation described below. Specifically, the higher the initial wind speed, the larger the film thickness deviation, and the lower the initial wind speed, the smaller the film thickness deviation.
- the drying conditions for example, drying temperature, drying air volume, drying time, etc.
- the sparseness of the optical film can be controlled, and the thickness of the optical film can be adjusted so as to satisfy the above formula 1. ..
- the deviation in the film thickness of the optical film is preferably adjusted within the range of 0.5 ⁇ 0.2 ⁇ m. It is preferable to adjust the film quality in a sparse direction from the viewpoint of improving the adhesion with the upper layer, and specifically, it is preferable to increase the drying rate, which is within the range of 0.0015 to 0.05 kg / hr ⁇ m 2 . It is preferably in the range of 0.002 to 0.05 kg / hr ⁇ m 2 .
- the drying rate is expressed as the mass of the solvent that evaporates per unit time and unit area.
- the drying rate can usually be adjusted by the drying temperature.
- the drying temperature may be, for example, 50 to 200 ° C. ((Tb-50) to (Tb + 50) ° C. with respect to the boiling point Tb of the solvent used. Temperature control is performed in multiple steps, although it depends on the solvent type used. After the drying has progressed to some extent, the drying rate and the film quality can be controlled by drying at a higher temperature.
- the optical film according to the present embodiment may be strip-shaped as described above. Therefore, it is preferable that the method for producing a laminated film according to the present embodiment further includes 4) a step of winding a strip-shaped laminated film into a roll to form a roll.
- Step of winding the optical film to obtain a roll body The obtained strip-shaped optical film is wound into a roll shape in a direction orthogonal to the width direction thereof to form a roll body.
- the length of the strip-shaped optical film is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, about 100 to 10,000 m. Further, the width of the strip-shaped optical film is preferably 1 m or more, and more preferably in the range of 1.1 to 4 m. From the viewpoint of improving the uniformity of the film, it is more preferably in the range of 1.3 to 2.5 m.
- the method for manufacturing an optical film used in the present invention can be performed by, for example, the manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a manufacturing apparatus B200 for carrying out the method for manufacturing an optical film according to the present invention.
- the manufacturing apparatus B200 includes a supply unit B210, a coating unit B220, a drying unit B230, a cooling unit B240, and a winding unit B250.
- Ba to Bd indicate a transfer roller that conveys the support B110.
- the supply unit B210 has a feeding device (not shown) for feeding out the roll body B201 of the strip-shaped support B110 wound around the winding core.
- the coating unit B220 is a coating device, and the backup roller B221 holding the support B110, the coating head B222 for applying the optical film solution to the support B110 held by the backup roller B221, and the coating head B222. It has a decompression chamber B223 provided on the upstream side.
- the flow rate of the optical film solution discharged from the coating head B222 can be adjusted by a pump (not shown).
- the flow rate of the optical film solution discharged from the coating head B222 is set to an amount capable of stably forming a coating layer having a predetermined thickness when continuously coated under the conditions of the coating head B222 adjusted in advance.
- the decompression chamber B223 is a mechanism for stabilizing the bead (pool of coating liquid) formed between the optical film solution from the coating head B222 and the support B110 at the time of coating, and the degree of decompression can be adjusted. It has become.
- the decompression chamber B223 is connected to a decompression blower (not shown) so that the inside is decompressed.
- the pressure reducing chamber B223 is in a state where there is no air leakage, and the gap between the pressure reducing chamber B223 and the backup roller is narrowly adjusted so that a stable bead of the coating liquid can be formed.
- the drying unit B230 is a drying device for drying the coating film formed on the surface of the support B110, and has a drying chamber B231, a drying gas introduction port B232, and a discharge port B233.
- the temperature and air volume of the dry air are appropriately determined depending on the type of the coating film and the type of the support B110.
- the amount of residual solvent in the coating film after drying can be adjusted.
- the amount of residual solvent in the coating film after drying can be measured by comparing the unit mass of the coating film after drying with the mass after the coating film is sufficiently dried.
- the amount of residual solvent can be controlled by the concentration of the solvent used / coating liquid, the wind speed applied to dry the optical film, the drying temperature / time, the conditions of the drying chamber (outside air or inside air circulation), the heating temperature of the back roller at the time of coating, etc. ..
- the film becomes sparse and the surface condition can be controlled.
- the residual solvent amount of the optical film satisfies the following formula 2 when the residual solvent amount of the optical film is S1 from the viewpoint of curl balance of the optical film.
- the residual solvent amount of the optical film is more preferably less than 800 ppm, and more preferably less than 500 to 700 ppm in consideration of the curl balance of the optical film. Further, by selecting a solvent / coating process in which the solvent remains on the support, the adhesion between the support and the optical film is improved. The amount of residual solvent in the support is preferably in the range of 10 to 100 ppm.
- the amount of residual solvent in the support and the optical film can be measured by headspace gas chromatography.
- a sample is enclosed in a container, heated, and the gas in the container is promptly injected into a gas chromatograph with the container filled with volatile components, and mass spectrometry is performed to identify the compound.
- the volatile components are quantified while doing this.
- the cooling unit B240 cools the temperature of the support B110 having the coating film (optical film) obtained by drying in the drying unit B230, and adjusts the temperature to an appropriate temperature.
- the cooling unit B240 has a cooling chamber B241, a cooling air inlet B242, and a cooling air outlet B243.
- the temperature and air volume of the cooling air can be appropriately determined depending on the type of the coating film and the type of the support B110. Further, even if the cooling unit B240 is not provided, the cooling unit B240 may not be provided if the cooling temperature is appropriate.
- the winding unit B250 is a winding device (not shown) for winding the support B110 on which the optical film is formed to obtain the roll body B251.
- the adhesive layer according to the present invention is preferably formed as a layer adjacent to a release film. The method of forming the release film will be described later.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer according to the present invention can be formed by using a pressure-sensitive adhesive.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive used in the present invention is prepared by mixing a (meth) acrylic copolymer (P), a cross-linking agent (Q), and if necessary, other components by a conventionally known method. Can be done.
- a cross-linking agent (Q) and, if necessary, other components may be added to a polymer solution containing the polymer obtained when synthesizing the (meth) acrylic copolymer (P). Be done.
- the obtained adhesive is applied to the surface side of the release layer of the release film. Specifically, the obtained adhesive is applied to the surface side of the release layer of the release film.
- a known method such as a spin coating method, a knife coating method, a roll coating method, a bar coating method, a blade coating method, a die coating method, a gravure coating method, or the like is used so as to obtain a predetermined thickness.
- a method of applying and drying can be used.
- the conditions for forming the adhesive layer are as follows, for example.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive is applied onto a release film, and although it depends on the type of solvent, it is usually in the range of 50 to 150 ° C, preferably in the range of 60 to 100 ° C, and usually in the range of 1 to 10 minutes, preferably. Drys within a range of 2 to 7 minutes to remove the solvent and form a coating film.
- the thickness of the dry coating film is usually in the range of 1 to less than 10 ⁇ m, preferably in the range of 3 to 7 ⁇ m.
- the laminated film thus obtained is usually in the range of 3 days or more, preferably in the range of 7 to 10 days, usually in the range of 5 to 60 ° C, preferably in the range of 15 to 40 ° C, and usually in the range of 30 to 70%. It is cured in an environment within the range of RH, preferably within the range of 40 to 70% RH.
- the release film according to the present invention is made of polyester.
- An example of a case where a film is used as a base material and a release layer is laminated will be described.
- the polyester described in [1.3.1] Release film constituent can be used, and a method of cooling and solidifying the molten sheet extruded from the die with a cooling roll to obtain an unstretched sheet is preferable.
- a method of cooling and solidifying the molten sheet extruded from the die with a cooling roll to obtain an unstretched sheet is preferable.
- the electrostatic application adhesion method and / or the liquid coating adhesion method is preferably adopted.
- the obtained unstretched sheet is stretched in the biaxial direction.
- the unstretched sheet is stretched in one direction by a roll or a tenter type stretching machine.
- the stretching temperature is usually in the range of 70 to 120 ° C., preferably in the range of 80 to 110 ° C.
- the stretching ratio is usually in the range of 2.5 to 7.0 times, preferably 3.0 to 6.0 times. It is within the double range.
- the stretching temperature orthogonal to the stretching direction of the first stage is usually in the range of 70 to 170 ° C.
- the stretching ratio is usually in the range of 3.0 to 7.0 times, preferably 3.5 to 6.0 times. It is in the range of double, more preferably in the range of 5.0 to 6.0 times.
- heat treatment is subsequently performed at a temperature in the range of 180 to 270 ° C. under tension or relaxation within 30% to obtain a biaxially oriented film.
- a method of performing one-way stretching in two or more steps can also be adopted. In that case, it is preferable to finally set the draw ratios in the two directions within the above ranges.
- the simultaneous biaxial stretching method can be adopted for the production of the polyester film in the present invention.
- the simultaneous biaxial stretching method is a method in which the unstretched sheet is simultaneously stretched and oriented in the mechanical direction and the width direction while the temperature is controlled in the range of usually 70 to 120 ° C., preferably 80 to 110 ° C.
- the draw ratio is in the range of 4 to 50 times, preferably in the range of 7 to 35 times, and more preferably in the range of 10 to 25 times in terms of area ratio.
- the heat treatment is subsequently performed at a temperature in the range of 170 to 250 ° C. under tension or relaxation within 30% to obtain a stretch-oriented film.
- a conventionally known stretching method such as a screw method, a pantograph method, and a linear drive method can be adopted.
- a so-called coating and stretching method which treats the film surface during the above-mentioned stretching step of the polyester film, can be applied.
- the coating layer is provided on the polyester film by the coating and stretching method, the coating can be applied at the same time as stretching, and the thickness of the coating layer can be reduced according to the draw ratio, so that a film suitable as a polyester film can be produced. can.
- the release layer preferably contains a curable silicone resin, and the curable silicone resin described in [1.3.1] Release film constituents can be used.
- coating method known methods such as reverse gravure coating method, direct gravure coating method, roll coating method, die coating method, bar coating method, curtain coating method and the like can be used.
- the curing conditions are not particularly limited, and when the release layer is provided by offline coating, it is usually within the range of 120 to 200 ° C. for 3 to 40 seconds, preferably within the range of 100 to 180 ° C. It is good to perform heat treatment within the range of 3 to 40 seconds as a guide. Further, if necessary, heat treatment and activation energy ray irradiation such as ultraviolet irradiation may be used in combination.
- the energy source for curing by irradiation with active energy rays conventionally known devices and energy sources can be used.
- the coating amount (after drying) of the release layer is usually 0.005 to 1 g / m 2 , preferably 0.005 to 0.5 g / m 2 , and more preferably 0.01 to 0.01 from the viewpoint of coatability. It is within the range of 0.2 g / m 2 .
- the coating amount (after drying) is 0.005 g / m 2 or more, the coatability and stability are good, and a uniform coating film can be easily obtained. Further, when it is 1 g / m 2 or less, the coating film adhesion, curability and the like of the release layer itself are good.
- a coating layer such as an antistatic layer or an oligomer precipitation prevention layer may be provided on the film surface on which the release layer is not provided. Further, the polyester film constituting the release film may be subjected to surface treatment such as corona treatment and plasma treatment in advance.
- the laminated body of the present invention is that the laminated film of the present invention and a glass plate are bonded to each other via the adhesive layer according to the present invention.
- the present invention is not limited to the glass plate, and a resin such as a thermoplastic resin may be used as the base material instead of the glass plate.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a preferable layer structure of the laminate of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the basic structure of the layer structure of the laminated body of the present invention.
- the laminate 60 of the present invention is composed of an optical film 1, an adhesive layer 2, and a glass plate 11.
- the laminated body of the present invention is obtained by laminating the laminated film of the present invention and a glass plate via an adhesive layer.
- the laminated body is less likely to be damaged even when repeatedly folded, and less likely to cause optical unevenness. It also makes the glass plate itself less likely to be damaged.
- the thickness of the glass plate according to the present invention is preferably 150 ⁇ m or less from the viewpoint of flexibility. Further, it is more preferably 120 ⁇ m or less, further preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 80 ⁇ m or less.
- the lower limit of the thickness is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 15 ⁇ m or more from the viewpoint of handleability and fragility during the production line and the post-processing process. Is even more preferable. Particularly preferably, it is in the range of 25 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the material of the glass plate is not particularly limited, and any material having a glass composition can be used as appropriate.
- Examples include soda lime glass, borosilicate glass, non-alkali glass, alkaline glass and the like.
- non-alkali glass is preferable from the viewpoint of resistance to thermal expansion, smoothness, durability, dimensional stability, cost and the like.
- the glass plate is molded by a known molding method such as a float method or a down draw method. From the viewpoint that the surface of the glass plate becomes an unpolished fire-made surface and becomes very smooth, it is preferable to form the glass plate by the overflow downdraw method.
- a known molding method such as a float method or a down draw method.
- Commercially available glass plates can be used as described above, such as “D263” and “Xensagtion Flex” manufactured by SCHOTT, “G-Leaf” and “Dynorex UTG” manufactured by Nippon Electric Glass, and “Gorilla” manufactured by Corning Inc.
- a glass thin film such as “glass” or “Dragon Trail Pro” manufactured by AGC can be used.
- the surface of the glass plate may be appropriately surface-treated in advance.
- the surface treatment includes, for example, a coupling agent treatment with a silane coupling agent, a titanium coupling agent, etc., an acid treatment, an alkali treatment, an ozone treatment, a chemical treatment such as an ion treatment, a plasma treatment, a glow discharge treatment, and an arc discharge treatment.
- various surface treatments such as discharge treatment such as corona treatment, ultraviolet treatment, X-ray treatment, electromagnetic wave irradiation treatment such as gamma ray treatment and laser treatment, and other flame treatment.
- the optical film according to the present invention can be attached to a glass plate via an adhesive layer.
- the optical film according to the present invention is made of resin, and when it is bonded to a glass plate made of materials having different shrinkage rates, stress is generated in the adhesive layer. It is considered that this stress causes birefringence in the adhesive layer, disturbs the polarization state, and may cause an "unevenness phenomenon".
- the structure cancels both the photoelasticity of the film and the photoelasticity of the glass plate generated by the stress of expansion and contraction of the resin optical film.
- the amount of the curing agent or the cross-linking agent used, the composition of the forming material such as the monomer, and other additives used as necessary are appropriately changed. It can be easily obtained.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive that forms the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and the type and composition of the monomer used, the type and amount of the curing agent, and the production method are not particularly limited.
- butyl acrylate which is an acrylic resin having a low glass transition temperature (Tg) and has a negative orientation birefringence, and orientation birefringence
- PHEA phenoxyacrylate
- the polarizing plate of the present invention is characterized by using the laminated film of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a preferable layer structure of the polarizing plate of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view showing the basic structure of the layer structure of the polarizing plate 70 of the present invention.
- the polarizing plate 70 of the present invention includes an optical film 1, an adhesive layer 2, a release film 3, and a polarizing element layer 21.
- the liquid crystal alignment layer 22 may be arranged between the polarizing element layer 21 and the optical film 1, and the liquid crystal alignment layer 22 may be placed on the opposite surface via the adhesive layer 24.
- the retardation film 23 may be arranged. Further, the retardation film 23 can be attached to the retardation film 23 after the release film 3 on the adhesive layer 2 is peeled off (not shown).
- FIG. 4C is a cross-sectional view showing the basic structure of the layer structure of the polarizing plate with a glass plate 80 of the present invention. It is obtained by peeling off the release film 3 and then laminating a glass plate 11 and arranging a barrier layer 27 instead of the retardation film 23.
- the glass plate 11 may be the substrate glass of the liquid crystal display, or may be the ultra-thin glass that comes to the outermost layer.
- the thickness of the polarizing plate of the present invention is preferably in the range of 10 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 30 to 80 ⁇ m, and further preferably in the range of 40 to 70 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of flexibility and visibility of the display device. Is.
- the polarizing plate of the present invention can be obtained by further laminating a polarizing element layer on the laminated film or laminate of the present invention.
- the "polarizer” refers to an element that allows only light on a plane of polarization in a certain direction to pass through. The following is an example of a preferable configuration of the polarizing element layer of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the polarizing element layer according to the present invention may be a polarizing element composed of iodine and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), which are widely used in the past, as shown in FIG. 5A, but industrially, the entire polarizing element layer is considered from the viewpoint of improving durability against folding operation. Since it is preferable to use a thin-film polarizing element, it is preferable to use a coating-type polarizing element in which a dichroic organic dye is added to the liquid crystal layer shown in FIG. 5B.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- the polarizing element layer 21 shown in FIG. 5A can be formed by adsorbing and orienting a dichroic dye on a resin film stretched uniaxially.
- the dichroic dye iodine and an organic dichroic dye are generally used, and the resin used for the resin film may be a hydrophobic resin or a hydrophilic resin, but a hydrophilic resin is preferable.
- the resin film may be stretched.
- hydrophilic resins are polyvinyl alcohol-based resins, polyvinyl acetate resins, and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins (EVA) resins.
- hydrophobic resins are polyamide resins and polyester resins.
- the polarizing layer may be treated with boric acid after staining.
- the resin layer which is a polarizing element layer
- the amount of moisture entering and exiting from the outside is relatively larger than that of the hydrophobic resin, which causes pigment loss in a moist heat environment. Further, it is considered that the optical resin film is peeled off from the polarizing element layer on the end face. However, according to the configuration of the present invention, such dye loss and peeling can be suppressed.
- the polarizing element layer has the polarizing element protective layer 28 via the adhesive layer 24.
- a commercially available cellulose acylate film for example, Konica Minolta Tuck KC8UX, KC5UX, KC4UX, KC8UCR3, KC4SR, KC4BR, KC4CR, KC4DR, KC4FR, KC4KR, KC8UY, KC6UY, KCUEKUY, KC6UK -HA, KC2UA, KC4UA, KC6UA, KC2UAH, KC4UAH, KC6UAH, manufactured by Konica Minolta Advanced Layer Co., Ltd.), polyester film (for example, polyethylene terephthalate film, etc.), cycloolefin resin film, acrylic resin film, etc. are used. be able to.
- the thickness of the film used for the polarizing element protective layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 1 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 3 to 40 ⁇ m, and in the range of 5 to 20 ⁇ m. Is particularly preferable.
- the polarizing element layer 21 shown in FIG. 5B can be formed by curing a polymerizable liquid crystal composition containing the following polymerizable liquid crystal compound and a dichroic dye. Since the polarizing layer can be made thin, it is preferable from the viewpoint of obtaining sufficient bending resistance. Such a configuration is sufficient depending on the application, but in order to further improve the scratching / high temperature and high humidity durability of the polarizing element layer, the barrier layer 27 is coated on the polarizing element layer 21 or an optical film. It is preferable to further bond 1 to provide a protective layer (not shown in FIG. 5B).
- polymerizable liquid crystal composition (A') used for forming a polarizing element layer (hereinafter, also referred to as “polymerizable liquid crystal composition (A')”).
- polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A') is a liquid crystal compound having at least one polymerizable group.
- the polymerizable group means a group that can participate in the polymerization reaction by active radicals, acids, etc. generated from the polymerization initiator.
- the polymerizable group of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A') include a vinyl group, a vinyloxy group, a 1-chlorovinyl group, an isopropenyl group, a 4-vinylphenyl group, an acryloyloxy group, a methacryloyloxy group, and an oxylanyl group. , Oxetanyl group and the like.
- a radically polymerizable group is preferable, an acryloyloxy group, a methacryloyloxy group, a vinyl group, and a vinyloxy group are more preferable, and an acryloyloxy group and a methacryloyloxy group are preferable.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A') is preferably a compound exhibiting smectic liquid crystal properties.
- a polymerizable liquid crystal compound exhibiting smectic liquid crystal properties it is possible to form a polarizing element having a high degree of orientation order.
- the liquid crystal state indicated by the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A') is a smectic phase (smetic liquid crystal state), and from the viewpoint of achieving a higher degree of orientation order, it may be a higher-order smectic phase (higher-order smectic liquid crystal state). More preferred.
- the higher-order smectic phase includes a smectic B phase, a smectic D phase, a smectic E phase, a smectic F phase, a smectic G phase, a smectic H phase, a smectic I phase, a smectic J phase, a smectic K phase, and a smectic L phase.
- the liquid crystal may be a thermotropic liquid crystal or a riotropic liquid crystal, but the thermotropic liquid crystal is preferable in that precise film thickness control is possible.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A') may be a monomer, but may be an oligomer or a polymer in which a polymerizable group is polymerized.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A') is not particularly limited as long as it is a liquid crystal compound having at least one polymerizable group, and known polymerizable liquid crystal compounds can be used, but compounds exhibiting smectic liquid crystal properties are preferable. ..
- Examples of such a polymerizable liquid crystal compound include a compound represented by the following formula (A'1) (hereinafter, also referred to as "polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A'1)").
- Equation (A'1) U 1 -V 1 -W 1- (X 1 -Y 1- ) n -X 2 -W 2 -V 2 -U 2
- X 1 and X 2 independently represent a divalent aromatic group or a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group, where the divalent aromatic group is concerned.
- the hydrogen atom contained in the divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group is a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a cyano group.
- X 1 and X 2 are 1,4-phenylene group which may have a substituent or a cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group which may have a substituent. be.
- Y 1 is a single bond or divalent linking group.
- n is 1 to 3, and when n is 2 or more, a plurality of X1s may be the same as each other or may be different from each other.
- X 2 may be the same as or different from any or all of the plurality of X 1 .
- the plurality of Y 1s may be the same or different from each other. From the viewpoint of liquid crystallinity, n is preferably 2 or more.
- U 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a polymerizable group.
- U 2 represents a polymerizable group.
- W 1 and W 2 are single-bonded or divalent linking groups independently of each other.
- V 1 and V 2 represent an alkanediyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent independently of each other, and -CH 2- constituting the alkanediyl group is -O-, It may be replaced with -CO-, -S- or NH-.
- X 1 and X 2 have a 1,4-phenylene group or a substituent which may have a substituent independently of each other, preferably. It may be a cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group, and at least one of X 1 and X 2 may have a 1,4-phenylene group or a substituent which may have a substituent. It is a cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group which may be present, and a trans-cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group is preferable.
- the substituents arbitrarily possessed by the 1,4-phenylene group which may have a substituent or the cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group which may have a substituent include a methyl group and an ethyl. Examples thereof include an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as a group and a butyl group, a cyano group and a halogen atom such as a chlorine atom and a fluorine atom. It is preferably unsubstituted.
- Equation (A'1-1) -(X 1 -Y 1- ) n -X 2- [In the formula, X 1 , Y 1 , X 2 and n have the same meanings as described above. ] It is preferable that the portion indicated by (hereinafter, also referred to as "partial structure (A'1-1)") has an asymmetric structure in that smectic liquid crystallinity is easily exhibited.
- n is 1, and one X 1 and X 2 are polymerizable structures having different structures from each other.
- a liquid crystal compound (A'1) can be mentioned.
- n is 2 and two Y 1s have the same structure as each other, two X 1s have the same structure as each other, and one X 2 has a different structure from these two X 1s .
- the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A'1), X 1 bonded to W 1 of the two X 1 has a structure different from that of the other X 1 and X 2 , and the other X 1 and X 2 have a structure different from each other.
- a polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A'1) having the same structure can also be mentioned.
- n 3 and three Y 1s have the same structure as each other, and any one of the three X 1s and one X 2 has a different structure from all the other three.
- the sex liquid crystal compound (A'1) can be mentioned.
- Ra and Rb independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Y 1 is -CH 2 CH 2- , -COO- or a single bond
- Y 1 that binds to X 2 is -CH 2 CH 2- or CH. It is more preferably 2 O-.
- X 1 and X 2 all have the same structure, it is preferable that two or more Y 1s having different bonding methods are present.
- the structure is asymmetrical, so that smectic liquid crystallinity tends to be easily exhibited.
- U 2 is a polymerizable group.
- U 1 is a hydrogen atom or a polymerizable group, preferably a polymerizable group. Both U 1 and U 2 are preferably polymerizable groups, and both are preferably radically polymerizable groups. Examples of the polymerizable group include the same groups as those exemplified above as the polymerizable group of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A').
- the polymerizable group represented by U 1 and the polymerizable group represented by U 2 may be different from each other, but are preferably the same type of group. Further, the polymerizable group may be in a polymerized state or a non-polymerized state, but is preferably in a non-polymerized state.
- the alkanediyl group represented by V 1 and V 2 includes a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propane-1,3-diyl group, a butane-1,3-diyl group, a butane-1,4-diyl group and a pentane-. 1,5-Diyl group, hexane-1,6-diyl group, heptane-1,7-diyl group, octane-1,8-diyl group, decane-1,10-diyl group, tetradecane-1,14-diyl Examples include groups and icosan-1,20-diyl groups.
- V 1 and V 2 are preferably an alkanediyl group having a carbon number of 2 to 12, and more preferably an alkanediyl group having a carbon number of 6 to 12.
- alkanediyl group examples include a cyano group and a halogen atom, and the alkanediyl group is preferably unsubstituted and is an unsubstituted linear alkanediyl group. Is more preferable.
- W 1 and W 2 are independent of each other, preferably single bond, —O—, —S—, —COO— or OCOO—, and more preferably single bond or —O—.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A') is not particularly limited as long as it is a polymerizable liquid crystal compound having at least one polymerizable group, and a known polymerizable liquid crystal compound can be used, but it exhibits smectic liquid crystal properties. Is preferable.
- a structure that easily exhibits smectic liquid crystallinity it is preferable to have an asymmetric molecular structure in the molecular structure, and specifically, a polymerizable structure having the following partial structures (A'-a) to (A'-i). Examples include liquid crystal compounds.
- polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A') examples include compounds represented by the following (A'-1) to (A'-25).
- the cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group is preferably a trans form.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A') one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A') is described in, for example, Lub or the like, Recl. Trav. Chim. It can be produced by a known method described in Pays-Bas, 115, 321-328 (1996), Japanese Patent No. 4719156, and the like.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (A') may contain a polymerizable liquid crystal compound other than the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A'), but from the viewpoint of obtaining a polarizing film having a high degree of orientation order.
- the ratio of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A') to the total mass of the total polymerizable liquid crystal compound contained in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (A') is preferably 51% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more. It is more preferably 90% by mass or more.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (A') contains two or more kinds of polymerizable liquid crystal compounds (A'), at least one of them may be a polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A'1). All may be a polymerizable liquid crystal compound (A'1).
- the liquid crystal property may be temporarily maintained even at a temperature equal to or lower than the liquid crystal-crystal phase transition temperature.
- the content of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (A') is preferably in the range of 40 to 99.9% by mass with respect to the solid content of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (A'). It is more preferably in the range of 60 to 99% by mass, and further preferably in the range of 70 to 99% by mass. When the content of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is within the above range, the orientation of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound tends to be high.
- the solid content of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (A') means the total amount of the components of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (A') excluding the solvent.
- the dichroic dye contained in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (A') used for forming the polarizing element layer has the absorbance in the major axis direction and the minor axis direction of the molecule. Means a dye having a property different from the absorbance in.
- the dichroic dye is not particularly limited as long as it has the above-mentioned properties, and may be a dye or a pigment. Further, two or more kinds of dyes or pigments may be used in combination, or dyes and pigments may be used in combination.
- an organic dichroic dye (also referred to as “organic dichroic dye”) is preferable, and one having a maximum absorption wavelength ( ⁇ MAX ) in the range of 300 to 700 nm is more preferable.
- examples of such a dichroic dye include an acridine dye, an oxazine dye, a cyanine dye, a naphthalene dye, an azo dye, an anthraquinone dye and the like.
- the azo dye examples include a monoazo dye, a bisazo dye, a trisazo dye, a tetrakisazo dye, a stilbene azo dye and the like, and a bisazo dye and a trisazo dye are preferable, and for example, a compound represented by the formula (I) (hereinafter, "compound”). (I) ”).
- K 1 and K 3 have a phenyl group which may have a substituent, a naphthyl group which may have a substituent, or a substituent independently of each other.
- K 2 is a p-phenylene group which may have a substituent, a naphthalene-1,4-diyl group which may have a substituent, or a divalent group which may have a substituent.
- p represents an integer of 1 to 4.
- the plurality of K 2s may be the same or different from each other.
- Examples of the monovalent heterocyclic group include a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from a heterocyclic compound such as quinoline, thiazole, benzothiazole, thienothiazole, imidazole, benzoimidazole, oxazole, and benzoxazole.
- Examples of the divalent heterocyclic group include a group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from the heterocyclic compound.
- B1 to B30 are independent of each other, a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a cyano group. , Nitro group, substituted or unsubstituted amino group (the definition of substituted amino group and unsubstituted amino group is as described above), chlorine atom or trifluoromethyl group.
- N1 to n4 represent integers of 0 to 3 independently of each other.
- a plurality of B2s may be the same or different from each other.
- the plurality of B6s may be the same or different from each other.
- a plurality of B9s may be the same or different from each other.
- the plurality of B 14s may be the same or different from each other.
- the anthraquinone dye a compound represented by the formula (I-9) is preferable.
- R 1 to R 8 independently represent a hydrogen atom, -R x , -NH 2 , -NHR x , -NR x 2 , -SR x or a halogen atom.
- R x represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- oxazone dye a compound represented by the formula (I-10) is preferable.
- R 9 to R 15 represent hydrogen atoms, -R x , -NH 2 , -NHR x , -NR x 2 , -SR x or halogen atoms independently of each other.
- R x represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- acridine dye a compound represented by the formula (I-11) is preferable.
- R 16 to R 23 independently represent a hydrogen atom, -R x , -NH 2 , -NHR x , -NR x 2 , -SR x or a halogen atom.
- R x represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms of Rx includes a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group and a pentyl group. And a hexyl group and the like, and examples of the aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms include a phenyl group, a toluyl group, a xylyl group and a naphthyl group.
- cyanine dye a compound represented by the formula (I-12) and a compound represented by the formula (I-13) are preferable.
- D 1 and D 2 represent a group represented by any of the formulas (I-12a) to (I-12d) independently of each other.
- n5 represents an integer of 1 to 3.
- D 3 and D 4 represent a group represented by any of the formulas (I-13a) to (1-13h) independently of each other.
- n6 represents an integer of 1 to 3.
- the azo dye has high linearity and is suitable for producing a polarizing element having excellent polarization performance. Therefore, the dichroic dye contained in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition forming the polarizing element layer is a dichroic dye. , Preferably an azo dye.
- the weight average molecular weight of the dichroic dye is usually in the range of 300 to 2000, preferably in the range of 400 to 1000.
- the content of the dichroic dye in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (A') can be appropriately determined depending on the type of the dichroic dye to be used and the like, but is preferably 0 with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. It is in the range of 1 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, and further preferably in the range of 0.1 to 12 parts by mass.
- the content of the dichroic dye is within the above range, the orientation of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is not easily disturbed, and a substituent layer having a high degree of orientation order can be obtained.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (A') may further contain an additive other than the polymerizable liquid crystal compound and the dichroic dye, and is a solid of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (A'). It is preferably more than 0% and 20% by mass or less, and more preferably more than 0% and 10% by mass or less with respect to the minute.
- additives include polymerization initiators, photosensitizers, leveling agents, antioxidants, mold release agents, stabilizers, colorants such as bluing agents, flame retardants and lubricants.
- the polymerization initiator is a compound that can initiate the polymerization reaction of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound, and the photopolymerization initiator is preferable in that the polymerization reaction can be initiated under lower temperature conditions.
- Specific examples thereof include photopolymerization initiators capable of generating active radicals or acids by the action of light, and among them, photopolymerization initiators that generate radicals by the action of light are preferable.
- the polymerization initiator can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a known photopolymerization initiator can be used as the photopolymerization initiator.
- a self-cleaving type photopolymerization initiator and a hydrogen abstraction type photopolymerization initiator can be used as the photopolymerization initiator. Can be mentioned.
- Self-cleaving benzoin-based compounds, acetophenone-based compounds, hydroxyacetophenone-based compounds, ⁇ -aminoacetophenone-based compounds, oxime ester-based compounds, acylphosphine oxide-based compounds, azo-based compounds, etc. are used as self-cleaving photopolymerization initiators. Can be mentioned.
- a hydrogen abstraction type photopolymerization initiator a hydrogen abstraction type benzophenone compound, a benzoin ether compound, a benzyl ketal compound, a dibenzosverone compound, an anthraquinone compound, a xanthone compound, a thioxanthone compound, and a halogenoacetophenone compound.
- examples thereof include compounds, dialkoxyacetophenone-based compounds, halogenobis imidazole-based compounds, halogenotriazine-based compounds, and triazine-based compounds.
- an iodonium salt, a sulfonium salt, or the like can be used as the photopolymerization initiator that generates an acid.
- the reaction at a low temperature is preferable from the viewpoint of preventing the dissolution of the dye, and the self-cleaving photopolymerization initiator is preferable from the viewpoint of the reaction efficiency at a low temperature, and particularly an acetophenone-based compound, a hydroxyacetophenone-based compound, and ⁇ -aminoacetophenone.
- System compounds and oxime ester compounds are preferable.
- photopolymerization initiator examples include the following.
- Benzoin compounds such as benzoin, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin isopropyl ether and benzoin isobutyl ether; 2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 1,2-diphenyl-2,2-dimethoxyethane-1-one, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1- [4- (2- (2-) Hydroxyacetophenone such as hydroxyethoxy) phenyl] propane-1-one, 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenylketone and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1- [4- (1-methylvinyl) phenyl] propane-1-one oligomers Phenyl compound; ⁇ -Aminoacetophenone such as 2-methyl-2-morpholino-1- (4-methylthiophenyl) propan-1-one, 2-dimethylamino-2-benzyl-1- (4-morpholinophenyl) butane-1-one, etc. Phenyl compound
- 1,2-octanedione 1- [4- (phenylthio)-, 2- (O-benzoyloxime)], etanone, 1- [9-ethyl-6- (2-methylbenzoyl) -9H-carbazole-3 -Il]-, 1- (O-acetyloxime) and other oxime ester compounds;
- Acylphosphine oxide compounds such as 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide and bis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phenylphosphine oxide;
- Benzophenone o-Methyl benzoyl benzoate, 4-phenylbenzophenone, 4-benzoyl-4'-methyldiphenylsulfide, 3,3', 4,4'-tetra (tert-butylperoxycarbonyl) benzophenone and 2,4 Benzophenone compounds such as 6-trimethylbenzophenone;
- Dialkoxyacetophenone compounds such as diethoxyacetophenone; 2,4-bis (trichloromethyl) -6- (4-methoxyphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis (trichloromethyl) -6- (4-methoxynaphthyl) -1,3, 5-Triazine, 2,4-bis (trichloromethyl) -6- (4-methoxystyryl) -1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis (trichloromethyl) -6- [2- (5) -Methylfuran-2-yl) ethenyl] -1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis (trichloromethyl) -6- [2- (fran-2-yl) ethenyl] -1,3,5- Triazine, 2,4-bis (trichloromethyl) -6- [2- (4-diethylamino-2-methylphenyl) ethenyl]
- a commercially available product can be used as the photopolymerization initiator, and as an example, "Irgacure (registered trademark) 907, 184, 651, 819, 250, 369, 379, 127, 754, manufactured by BASF, Inc., OXE01, OXE02 and OXE03 "; IDM Resins B.I. V.
- the content of the polymerization initiator is preferably in the range of 1 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably in the range of 1 to 8 parts by mass, and further preferably in the range of 2 to 8 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. It is within the range of parts, particularly preferably within the range of 4 to 8 parts by mass.
- the content of the polymerization initiator is within the upper and lower limits, the polymerization reaction of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound can be carried out without significantly disturbing the orientation of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
- the polymerization rate of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is preferably 60% or more, more preferably 65% or more, still more preferably 70% or more, from the viewpoint of line contamination during production and handling.
- the photosensitizer can further accelerate the polymerization reaction of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
- Photosensitizers include xanthone compounds such as xanthones and thioxanthones (eg, 2,4-diethylthioxanthone, 2-isopropylthioxanthone, etc.); anthracene, alkoxy group-containing anthracene (eg, dibutoxyanthracene, etc.) and other anthracene compounds. Examples include phenothiazine and rubrene.
- the photosensitizer can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content thereof may be appropriately determined according to the type and amount of the polymerization initiator and the polymerizable liquid crystal compound, but the polymerizable liquid crystal compound It is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 10 parts by mass, and further preferably in the range of 0.5 to 8 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass.
- the leveling agent has a function of adjusting the fluidity of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition and flattening the coating film obtained by applying the polymerizable liquid crystal composition. Can be mentioned.
- the leveling agent in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (A') at least one selected from the group consisting of a leveling agent containing a polyacrylate compound as a main component and a leveling agent containing a fluorine atom-containing compound as a main component is preferable.
- the leveling agent can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- leveling agent containing a polyacrylate compound as a main component examples include "BYK-350, BYK-352, BYK-353, BYK-354, BYK-355, BYK-358N, BYK-361N” manufactured by BYK-Chemie. , BYK-380, BYK-381 and BYK-392 ".
- leveling agent containing a fluorine atom-containing compound as a main component examples include "Megafuck (registered trademark) R-08, R-30, R-90, F-410, F-411," manufactured by DIC Co., Ltd. "F-443, F-445, F-470, F-471, F-477, F-479, F-482 and F-483"; “Surflon (registered trademark) S-” manufactured by AGC Seimi Chemical Co., Ltd. 381, S-382, S-383, S-393, SC-101, SC-105, KH-40 and SA-100 ";” E1830 and E5844 "manufactured by Daikin Fine Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd .; Mitsubishi Materials Electronics Co., Ltd.
- Ftop (registered trademark) EF301 Ftop (registered trademark) EF303, Ftop (registered trademark) EF351 and Ftop (registered trademark) EF352" manufactured by Kasei Co., Ltd.
- the content thereof is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 5 parts by mass, preferably 0.05 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
- the range of 3 parts by mass is more preferable.
- the polarizing element is a polarizing element having a high degree of orientation order.
- a Bragg peak derived from a higher-order structure such as a hexatic phase or a crystal phase can be obtained by a polarizing element having a high degree of orientation order in X-ray diffraction measurement.
- the Bragg peak means a peak derived from the plane periodic structure of molecular orientation. Therefore, it is preferable that the polarizing element constituting the polarizing plate of the present invention shows a Bragg peak in the X-ray diffraction measurement. That is, in the polarizing element constituting the polarizing plate of the present invention, it is preferable that the polymerizable liquid crystal compound or a polymer thereof is oriented so that the polarizing element shows a Bragg peak in the X-ray diffraction measurement, and the light is emitted. It is more preferable that the "horizontal orientation" is such that the molecules of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound are oriented in the absorption direction.
- a polarizing element having a molecular orientation plane period interval in the range of 3.0 to 6.0 ⁇ is preferable.
- a high degree of orientation order indicating a Bragg peak can be realized by controlling the type of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound used, the type and amount of the dichroic dye, the type and amount of the polymerization initiator, and the like.
- the thickness of the polarizing element layer can be appropriately selected depending on the display device to which it is applied, and is preferably a film in the range of 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 0.3 to 4 ⁇ m. Yes, more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 3 ⁇ m. If the thickness is too thin than this range, the required light absorption may not be obtained, and if the thickness is too thicker than this range, the alignment control force of the liquid crystal alignment layer is reduced and the orientation is reduced. It tends to be defective.
- the polarizing element layer is laminated on the optical film as a base material via the liquid crystal alignment layer from the viewpoint of increasing the degree of liquid crystal alignment.
- the liquid crystal alignment layer an optical liquid crystal alignment layer is preferable from the viewpoints of accuracy and quality of the alignment angle, water resistance and flexibility of the polarizing plate including the liquid crystal alignment layer.
- the thickness of the liquid crystal alignment layer is preferably in the range of 10 to 5000 nm, more preferably in the range of 10 to 1000 nm.
- the polarizing plate of the present invention forms a coating film of a polymerizable liquid crystal composition (A') containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group and a bicolor dye, removes a solvent from the coating film, and then removes the solvent.
- the temperature is raised to a temperature higher than the temperature at which the polymerizable liquid crystal compound undergoes a phase transition to the liquid phase, and then the temperature is lowered to cause the polymerizable liquid crystal compound to undergo a phase transition to the smectic phase, and the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is polymerized while maintaining the smectic phase.
- It can be manufactured by obtaining a polarizing element layer (hereinafter, also referred to as a “polarizer layer forming step”).
- the coating film of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (A') is formed directly on the optical film as a base material or via the liquid crystal alignment layer described later, the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (A'). It can be done by applying.
- the optical film according to the present invention can be used, and the polarizing element layer can be directly laminated. Further, a film (support) different from the optical film according to the present invention is used as a base material to form a polarizing element laminated film, and then the film is bonded to the optical film according to the present invention via an adhesive layer. You can also.
- a compound exhibiting smectic liquid crystal property has a high viscosity, and therefore, from the viewpoint of improving the coatability of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (A') and facilitating the formation of a polarizing element layer, the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (A').
- the viscosity may be adjusted by adding a solvent to the liquid crystal composition (hereinafter, the composition in which the solvent is added to the polymerizable liquid crystal composition is also referred to as a “polarizer layer forming composition”).
- the solvent used in the composition for forming the substituent layer can be appropriately selected depending on the solubility of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound and the dichroic dye to be used.
- alcohol solvents such as water, methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol, propylene glycol, methyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone.
- Ester solvents such as propylene glycol methyl ether acetate and ethyl lactate, ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, methylamylketone and methylisobutylketone, aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as pentane, hexane and heptane, toluene.
- Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as xylene, nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile, ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and dimethoxyethane, and chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents such as chloroform and chlorobenzene.
- the content of the solvent is preferably in the range of 100 to 1900 parts by mass, and more preferably in the range of 150 to 900 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the solid component constituting the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (A'). , More preferably in the range of 180 to 600 parts by mass.
- Examples of the method for applying the composition for forming a polarizing layer to a substrate or the like include a spin coating method, an extrusion method, a gravure coating method, a die coating method, a bar coating method, a coating method such as an applicator method, and a flexographic method.
- Known methods such as a printing method can be mentioned.
- a dry coating film is formed by removing the solvent by drying or the like under the condition that the polymerizable liquid crystal compound contained in the coating film obtained from the composition for forming a substituent layer does not polymerize.
- the drying method include a natural drying method, a ventilation drying method, a heat drying method and a vacuum drying method.
- the temperature is raised to a temperature higher than the temperature at which the polymerizable liquid crystal compound undergoes a phase transition to the liquid phase, and then the temperature is lowered to bring the polymerizable liquid crystal compound into a smectic phase (smectic liquid crystal state).
- a phase transition may be carried out after the solvent is removed from the coating film, or may be carried out at the same time as the solvent is removed.
- the light irradiating the dry coating film includes the type of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound contained in the dry coating film (particularly, the type of the polymerizable group of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound), the type of the polymerization initiator, and the type of the polymerization initiator. It is appropriately selected according to the amount thereof and the like.
- Specific examples thereof include one or more types of active energy rays and active electron beams selected from the group consisting of visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared light, X-rays, ⁇ rays, ⁇ rays and ⁇ rays.
- ultraviolet light is preferable because it is easy to control the progress of the polymerization reaction and it is possible to use a photopolymerization apparatus widely used in the art, so that photopolymerization can be performed by ultraviolet light. It is preferable to select the type of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound and the polymerization initiator contained in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition.
- the polymerization temperature can be controlled by irradiating light while cooling the dry coating film by an appropriate cooling means.
- a cooling means By adopting such a cooling means, if the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is polymerized at a lower temperature, a substituent layer can be appropriately formed even if a substrate having a relatively low heat resistance is used.
- a patterned polarizing element layer can also be obtained by masking or developing.
- Examples of the light source of the active energy ray include a low pressure mercury lamp, a medium pressure mercury lamp, a high pressure mercury lamp, an ultrahigh pressure mercury lamp, a xenon lamp, a halogen lamp, a carbon arc lamp, a tungsten lamp, a gallium lamp, an excima laser, and a wavelength range.
- Examples thereof include LED light sources that emit light of 380 to 440 nm, chemical lamps, black light lamps, microwave-excited mercury lamps, metal halide lamps, and the like.
- the ultraviolet irradiation intensity is usually in the range of 10 to 3000 mW / cm 2 .
- the ultraviolet irradiation intensity is preferably the intensity in the wavelength region effective for activating the polymerization initiator.
- the time for irradiating light is usually in the range of 0.1 seconds to 10 minutes, preferably in the range of 1 second to 5 minutes, more preferably in the range of 5 seconds to 3 minutes, and further preferably in the range of 10 seconds to 10 seconds. It is within the range of 1 minute.
- the integrated light intensity is within the range of 10 to 3000 mJ / cm 2 , preferably within the range of 50 to 2000 mJ / cm 2 , and more preferably 100 to 1000 mJ / cm. It is within the range of 2 .
- the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is polymerized while maintaining the liquid crystal state of the smectic phase, preferably the higher-order smectic phase, and a polarizing element layer is formed.
- the polarizing element layer obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable liquid crystal compound while maintaining the liquid crystal state of the smectic phase is a conventional host-guest type polarizing plate, that is, the liquid crystal state of the nematic phase due to the action of the dichroic dye. It has the advantage of high polarization performance as compared with the polarizing element layer made of. Further, there is an advantage that the strength is excellent as compared with the one coated only with the dichroic dye or the lyotropic liquid crystal.
- the polarizing layer is preferably formed via a liquid crystal alignment layer.
- the liquid crystal alignment layer has an orientation regulating force that orients the polymerizable liquid crystal compound in a desired direction.
- the liquid crystal alignment layer has solvent resistance that does not dissolve when a composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound is applied, and also has heat resistance in heat treatment for removing the solvent and aligning the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. Is preferable.
- the liquid crystal alignment layer is preferably an optical liquid crystal alignment layer from the viewpoints of accuracy and quality of the alignment angle, water resistance and flexibility of the polarizing plate including the liquid crystal alignment layer.
- the optical liquid crystal alignment layer is also advantageous in that the direction of the orientation restricting force can be arbitrarily controlled by selecting the polarization direction of the polarized light to be irradiated.
- the photoliquid crystal alignment layer is usually coated with a composition containing a polymer or monomer having a photoreactive group and a solvent (hereinafter, also referred to as “composition for forming a photoliquid crystal alignment layer”) on a substrate and polarized (preferably). Is obtained by irradiating with "polarized UV”).
- a photoreactive group is a group that produces a liquid crystal alignment ability when irradiated with light.
- Specific examples thereof include groups involved in photoreactions that are the origin of liquid crystal alignment ability such as molecular orientation induction or isomerization reaction, dimerization reaction, photocrosslinking reaction or photodecomposition reaction caused by light irradiation. Of these, groups involved in the dimerization reaction or the photocrosslinking reaction are preferable because they have excellent orientation.
- a photoreactive group involved in the photodimerization reaction is preferable, and a photoliquid crystal alignment layer having a relatively small amount of polarization irradiation required for photoalignment and excellent thermal stability and temporal stability can be easily obtained.
- Synnamoyl group and chalcone group are preferable.
- the polymer having a photoreactive group a polymer having a cinnamoyl group such that the terminal portion of the side chain of the polymer has a cinnamic acid structure is particularly preferable.
- a photo-alignment-inducing layer By applying the composition for forming a photo-liquid crystal alignment layer on a base material, a photo-alignment-inducing layer can be formed on the base material.
- the solvent contained in the composition include the same solvents as those exemplified above as the solvent that can be used when forming the substituent layer, depending on the solubility of the polymer or monomer having a photoreactive group. It can be selected as appropriate.
- the content of the polymer or monomer having a photoreactive group in the composition for forming the optical liquid crystal alignment layer can be appropriately adjusted depending on the type of the polymer or monomer and the thickness of the target optical liquid crystal alignment layer, but the optical liquid crystal alignment layer It is preferably at least 0.2% by mass, more preferably 0.3 to 10% by mass, based on the mass of the forming composition.
- the composition for forming the optical liquid crystal alignment layer may contain a polymer material such as polyvinyl alcohol or polyimide or a photosensitizer as long as the characteristics of the optical liquid crystal alignment layer are not significantly impaired.
- the composition for forming the substituent layer is used as the substrate.
- Examples thereof include a method of applying and a method similar to the method of removing the solvent.
- Polarized UV irradiation is performed by irradiating the polarized UV from the base material side and transmitting the polarized UV even in the form of directly irradiating the composition obtained by removing the solvent from the composition for forming the optical liquid crystal alignment layer coated on the substrate. It may be in the form of irradiating. Further, it is particularly preferable that the polarized UV is substantially parallel light.
- the wavelength of the polarized light to be irradiated is preferably in the wavelength range in which the photoreactive group of the polymer or monomer having a photoreactive group can absorb light energy. Specifically, UV (ultraviolet rays) having a wavelength in the range of 250 to 400 nm is particularly preferable.
- Examples of the light source used for the polarized UV irradiation include xenon lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps, ultra-high pressure mercury lamps, metal halide lamps, ultraviolet light lasers such as KrF and ArF, and high-pressure mercury lamps, ultra-high pressure mercury lamps, and metal halide lamps. More preferred. Among these, a high-pressure mercury lamp, an ultra-high-pressure mercury lamp, and a metal halide lamp are preferable because they have a high emission intensity of ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 313 nm.
- Polarized UV can be irradiated by irradiating the light from the light source through an appropriate polarizing element.
- a polarizing element a polarizing filter, a polarizing prism such as Gran Thomson or Gran Tailor, or a wire grid type polarizing element can be used.
- the polarizing plate of the present invention is a polarizing plate (for example, an elliptical polarizing plate) including a retardation film as a film (opposite film) different from the optical film. ) May be.
- the retardation film satisfies the following retardation value (phase difference value).
- Equation X 100 ⁇ Ro (550) ⁇ 180 [In the equation, Ro (550) represents an in-plane retardation value at a wavelength of 550 nm] It is preferable to satisfy.
- the retardation film has an in-plane retardation value represented by the above formula X, it functions as a so-called ⁇ / 4 plate.
- the formula X is preferably 100 nm ⁇ Ro (550) ⁇ 180 nm, and more preferably 120 nm ⁇ Ro (550) ⁇ 160 nm.
- the angle formed by the slow axis of the retardation film and the absorption axis of the polarizing plate is preferably substantially 45 °.
- substantially 45 ° means 45 ° ⁇ 5 °.
- the retardation film is Equation Y Ro (450) / Ro (550) ⁇ 1 [In the equation, Ro (450) and Ro (550) represent in-plane phase difference values at wavelengths of 450 nm and 550 nm, respectively]. It is preferable to satisfy.
- the retardation film satisfying the above formula Y has so-called reverse wavelength dispersibility and exhibits excellent polarization performance.
- the value of Ro (450) / Ro (550) is preferably 0.93 or less, more preferably 0.88 or less, still more preferably 0.86 or less, preferably 0.80 or more, and more preferably 0. It is 82 or more.
- the retardation film may be a stretched film that imparts a retardation by stretching a polymer, but from the viewpoint of reducing the thickness of the polarizing plate, a polymerizable liquid crystal composition containing a polymer of a polymerizable liquid crystal compound (hereinafter referred to as a polymerizable liquid crystal composition). , Also referred to as "polymerizable liquid crystal composition (B')").
- FIG. 5C is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a polarizing plate in which the retardation film is composed of a polymerizable liquid crystal composition containing a polymer of a polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
- the polarizing plate 70 with a retardation layer includes a laminated film of the present invention composed of an optical film 1, an adhesive layer 2 and a release film 3, a unit composed of a polarizing element layer 21 and a liquid crystal alignment layer 22, and a support 26.
- the retardation film unit composed of the liquid crystal alignment layer 22 and the polymerizable liquid crystal compound-containing layer 25 is bonded to each other via the adhesive layer 24.
- the barrier layer 27 may be formed adjacent to the polarizing layer 21.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal compound In the retardation film, the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is usually polymerized in an oriented state.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal compound hereinafter, also referred to as "polymerizable liquid crystal compound (B')" that forms a retardation film
- the photopolymerizable functional group refers to a group that can participate in the polymerization reaction by an active radical, an acid, or the like generated from the photopolymerization initiator.
- Examples of the photopolymerizable functional group include a vinyl group, a vinyloxy group, a 1-chlorovinyl group, an isopropenyl group, a 4-vinylphenyl group, an acryloyloxy group, a methacryloyloxy group, an oxylanyl group, an oxetanyl group and the like.
- an acryloyloxy group, a methacryloyloxy group, a vinyloxy group, an oxylanyl group and an oxetanyl group are preferable, and an acryloyloxy group is more preferable.
- the liquid crystal may be a thermotropic liquid crystal or a lyotropic liquid crystal, and the phase-ordered structure may be a nematic liquid crystal or a smectic liquid crystal.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal compound only one kind may be used, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (B') is a compound having the following characteristics (a) to (d) from the viewpoint of facilitating film formation and imparting retardation represented by the above formula (Y). It is preferable to have.
- a compound having a thermotropic liquid crystal property (A) The polymerizable liquid crystal compound has ⁇ electrons in the long axis direction (a). (C) It has ⁇ electrons in the direction [intersection direction (b)] that intersects the major axis direction (a). (D) A polymerizable liquid crystal compound defined by the following formula (i), where the total number of ⁇ electrons existing in the long axis direction (a) is N ( ⁇ a) and the total molecular weight existing in the long axis direction is N (Aa).
- the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (B') satisfying the above (a) to (d) is, for example, applied onto the liquid crystal alignment layer formed by the rubbing treatment and heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the phase transition temperature to form a nematic phase. It is possible to form.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal compounds are usually oriented so that the major axis directions are parallel to each other, and this major axis direction is the orientation of the nematic phase. It becomes the direction.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (B') having the above-mentioned characteristics generally exhibits reverse wavelength dispersibility.
- Specific examples of the compound satisfying the above-mentioned characteristics (a) to (d) include a compound represented by the following formula (II).
- the compound represented by the above formula (II) can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Ar represents a divalent aromatic group that may have a substituent.
- the aromatic group referred to here is a group having a planar structure having a planar structure, and the number of ⁇ electrons of the cyclic structure is [4n + 2] according to Hückel's law.
- n represents an integer.
- the divalent aromatic group preferably contains at least one of a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom.
- G 1 and G 2 independently represent a divalent aromatic group or a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group, respectively.
- the hydrogen atom contained in the divalent aromatic group or the divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group is a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and carbon. It may be substituted with an alkoxy group, a cyano group or a nitro group having the number 1 to 4, and the carbon atom constituting the divalent aromatic group or the divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom. Alternatively, it may be substituted with a nitrogen atom.
- L 1 , L 2 , B 1 and B 2 are independently single-bonded or divalent linking groups, respectively.
- k and l each independently represent an integer of 0 to 3, and satisfy the relationship of 1 ⁇ k + l.
- B 1 and B 2 may be the same as each other or may be different from each other.
- E 1 and E 2 each independently represent an alkanediyl group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms, where the hydrogen atom contained in the alkanediyl group may be substituted with a halogen atom.
- -CH 2- contained in the alkanediyl group may be substituted with -O-, -S-, -Si-.
- P 1 and P 2 independently represent a polymerizable group or a hydrogen atom, and at least one is a polymerizable group.
- G 1 and G 2 may be independently substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, respectively 1.
- a 1,4-cyclohexanediyl group which may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a 4-phenylenediyl group, a halogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably methyl.
- R a1 to R a8 each independently represent a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R c and R d represent an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- L 1 and L 2 are independently, more preferably single bonds, -OR a2-1- , -CH 2- , -CH 2 CH 2- , -COOR a4-1- , or OCOR a6-1- , respectively. ..
- R a2-1 , R a4-1 , and R a6-1 independently represent either single bond, -CH 2- , or -CH 2 CH 2- .
- L 1 and L 2 are independent, more preferably single bond, —O—, —CH 2 CH 2 ⁇ , ⁇ COO ⁇ , —COOCH 2 CH 2 ⁇ , or OCO ⁇ , respectively.
- At least one of G 1 and G 2 in formula (II) is a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group, wherein the divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group is used.
- a polymerizable liquid crystal compound bonded by a divalent aromatic group Ar which may have a substituent and L 1 and / or L 2 which is -COO- is used.
- R a9 to R a16 each independently represent a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- B 1 and B 2 are independent, more preferably single bonds, -OR a10-1- , -CH 2- , -CH 2 CH 2- , -COOR a12-1- , or OCOR a14-1- . ..
- R a10-1 , R a12-1 , and R a14-1 independently represent either single bond, -CH 2- , or -CH 2 CH 2- .
- B 1 and B 2 are independent, more preferably single bond, -O-, -CH 2 CH 2- , -COO-, -COOCH 2 CH 2- , -OCO-, or OCOCH 2 CH 2- . ..
- E 1 and E 2 are each independently preferably an alkanediyl group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms, and more preferably an alkanediyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms.
- examples of the polymerizable group represented by P 1 or P 2 include an epoxy group, a vinyl group, a vinyloxy group, a 1-chlorovinyl group, an isopropenyl group, a 4-vinylphenyl group and an acryloyloxy group. , Methacloyloxy group, oxylanyl group, oxetanyl group and the like. Among these, acryloyloxy group, methacryloyloxy group, vinyloxy group, oxylanyl group and oxetanyl group are preferable, and acryloyloxy group is more preferable.
- Ar has at least one selected from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring which may have a substituent, an aromatic heterocycle which may have a substituent, and an electron-withdrawing group. Is preferable.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon ring include a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, an anthracene ring and the like, and a benzene ring and a naphthalene ring are preferable.
- aromatic heterocycle examples include a furan ring, a benzofuran ring, a pyrrole ring, an indole ring, a thiophene ring, a benzothiophene ring, a pyridine ring, a pyrazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a triazole ring, a triazine ring, a pyrrolin ring, an imidazole ring, and a pyrazole ring.
- a thiazole ring a benzothiazole ring, or a benzofuran ring
- Ar contains a nitrogen atom
- the nitrogen atom preferably has ⁇ electrons.
- the total number of ⁇ electrons contained in the divalent aromatic group represented by Ar is preferably 8 or more, more preferably 10 or more, still more preferably 14 or more, and particularly preferably. Is 16 or more. Further, it is preferably 30 or less, more preferably 26 or less, and further preferably 24 or less.
- Examples of the aromatic group represented by Ar include groups of the following formulas (Ar-1) to (Ar-23).
- the * mark represents the connecting portion
- Z 0 , Z 1 and Z 2 are independently hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, and alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Q1 and Q2 are independently -CR 2'R3'- , -S-, -NH- , -NR 2'-,-, respectively.
- J 1 and J 2 independently represent a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom, respectively.
- Y1 , Y2 and Y3 each independently represent an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may be substituted.
- W 1 and W 2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a methyl group or a halogen atom, and m represents an integer of 0 to 6.
- Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group in Y 1 , Y 2 and Y 3 include an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms such as a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a phenanthryl group and a biphenyl group, and a phenyl group.
- a naphthyl group is preferable, and a phenyl group is more preferable.
- the aromatic heterocyclic group has 4 to 20 carbon atoms including at least one heteroatom such as a nitrogen atom such as a frill group, a pyrrolyl group, a thienyl group, a pyridinyl group, a thiazolyl group and a benzothiazolyl group, an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom.
- a nitrogen atom such as a frill group, a pyrrolyl group, a thienyl group, a pyridinyl group, a thiazolyl group and a benzothiazolyl group
- an aromatic heterocyclic group and a frill group, a thienyl group, a pyridinyl group, a thiazolyl group and a benzothiazolyl group are preferable.
- Y 1 and Y 2 may be independently substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon groups or polycyclic aromatic heterocyclic groups, respectively.
- the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group refers to a condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group or a group derived from an aromatic ring assembly.
- the polycyclic aromatic heterocyclic group refers to a fused polycyclic aromatic heterocyclic group or a group derived from an aromatic ring assembly.
- Z 0 , Z 1 and Z 2 are independently hydrogen atom, halogen atom, alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, cyano group and nitro group, respectively. It is preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, Z 0 is more preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and a cyano group, and Z 1 and Z 2 are a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, and chlorine. Atomic, methyl and cyano groups are more preferred.
- Q1 and Q2 are preferably -NH-, -S-, -NR 2'-, and -O-, and R2'is preferably a hydrogen atom. .. Of these, -S-, -O-, and -NH- are particularly preferable.
- the formulas (Ar-1) to (Ar-23) are preferable from the viewpoint of molecular stability.
- Y 1 may form an aromatic heterocyclic group together with the nitrogen atom to which it is bonded and Z 0 .
- the aromatic heterocyclic group include those described above as the aromatic heterocycle that Ar may have.
- a pyrroline ring, an imidazole ring, a pyrroline ring, a pyridine ring, a pyrazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, and an indole examples thereof include a ring, a quinoline ring, an isoquinoline ring, a purine ring, and a pyrrolidine ring.
- This aromatic heterocyclic group may have a substituent.
- Y 1 may be a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group or a polycyclic aromatic heterocyclic group which may be substituted as described above, together with the nitrogen atom to which the Y 1 is bonded and Z 0 .
- a benzofuran ring, a benzothiazole ring, a benzoxazole ring and the like can be mentioned.
- the compound represented by the formula (II) can be produced, for example, according to the method described in JP-A-2010-31223.
- the content of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (B') in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (B') constituting the retardation film is, for example, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the solid content of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (B'). It is in the range of 70 to 99.5 parts by mass, preferably in the range of 80 to 99 parts by mass, and more preferably in the range of 90 to 98 parts by mass. When the content is within the above range, the orientation of the retardation film tends to be high.
- the solid content means the total amount of the components excluding the volatile components such as the solvent from the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (B').
- the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (B') may contain a polymerization initiator for initiating the polymerization reaction of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (B').
- the polymerization initiator may be appropriately selected from those conventionally used in the art and may be a thermal polymerization initiator or a photopolymerization initiator, but under lower temperature conditions.
- a photopolymerization initiator is preferable because it can initiate a polymerization reaction.
- Preferred examples of the photopolymerization initiator that can be used in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (A') include those similar to those exemplified above.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (B') contains, if necessary, a photosensitizer, a leveling agent, an additive exemplified as an additive contained in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (A'), and the like. You may. Examples of the photosensitizer and the leveling agent include the same as those exemplified above as those that can be used in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (A').
- the retardation film is prepared, for example, by adding a solvent to a polymerizable liquid crystal composition (B') containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound (B') and, if necessary, a polymerization initiator, an additive, etc., and mixing and stirring the mixture.
- the composition to be obtained (hereinafter, also referred to as “composition for forming a retardation film”) is applied onto a substrate or a liquid crystal alignment layer, the solvent is removed by drying, and the polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the obtained coating film is obtained.
- (B') can be obtained by heating and / or curing with active energy rays.
- Examples of the base material and / or the liquid crystal alignment layer used for producing the retardation film include those similar to those exemplified above as those that can be used for producing the substituent layer of the present invention.
- the solvent used for the composition for forming a retardation film, the method for applying the composition for forming a retardation film, the curing conditions using active energy rays, and the like can all be adopted in the method for producing a polarizing element layer according to the present invention. Similar things can be mentioned.
- the thickness of the retardation film can be appropriately selected depending on the display device to be applied, but is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m and in the range of 1 to 5 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of thinning and flexibility. It is more preferably within the range of 1 to 3 ⁇ m.
- Adhesive layer The adhesive layer in the polarizing plate of the present invention is particularly limited as long as it is a transparent material capable of adhering a polarizing element layer to a retardation film, an optical film as a protective layer, or various functional layers. There is no.
- the adhesive include water-based adhesives, photosensitive adhesives, pressure-sensitive adhesives and the like.
- Epoxy resin can be mentioned as a resin used for a water-based adhesive.
- the epoxy resin may be, for example, a hydrogenated epoxy resin, an alicyclic epoxy resin, or an aliphatic epoxy resin.
- a polymerization initiator photocationic polymerization initiator, thermal cationic polymerization initiator, photoradical polymerization initiator, thermal radical polymerization initiator, etc.
- other additive seensitizer, etc.
- Examples of other resins include acrylic resins such as acrylamide, acrylate, urethane acrylate, and epoxy acrylate, and polyvinyl alcohol-based resins.
- Examples of the resin used for the pressure sensitive adhesive include acrylic resin, silicone resin, polyester, polyurethane, and polyether.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 0.05 to 3 ⁇ m, and even more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m. ..
- the thickness of the adhesive layer is preferably in the range of 2 to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 2 to 200 ⁇ m, and more preferably in the range of 2 to 50 ⁇ m. More preferred.
- the method for producing a polarizing plate roll of the present invention includes a bonding step of bonding a polarizing element to the optical film surface side of a laminated film composed of at least an optical film, an adhesive layer, and a release film to prepare a polarizing plate.
- the method for producing a polarizing plate roll of the present invention it is preferable to wind up the release film when winding the polarizing plate. That is, it is preferable to wind the adhesive layer in a state where it is not exposed from the viewpoint of productivity and durability.
- the release film in the laminated film is wound without peeling in the middle step. That is, the support, which is the protective film on the side in contact with the optical film, is first peeled off, and that side is processed and bonded first. Since water-based and solvent-based adhesives are used during the bonding process, in order not to reduce the durable adhesiveness after bonding, the support on the side in contact with the optical film should be peeled off first, and the release film on the adhesive layer side should be used. It is preferable to peel off the film later and perform adhesive processing, that is, to process the release film without peeling it off.
- FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view showing a basic structure of a layer structure of a polarizing plate roll according to the present invention. Further, it may have a retardation film or a liquid crystal alignment layer, and may include other layers (adhesive layer or the like) other than these.
- the above-mentioned laminated film can be used, and it is manufactured by being wound into a roll by the above-mentioned manufacturing method.
- the above-mentioned laminated film is wound while holding the support, so that the support functions as a protective film, preventing scratches on the optical film and suppressing curling. It can be easily handled.
- the polarizing element layer according to the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the polarizing plate 70 as shown in FIG. 5A it is preferable to separately prepare and bond the laminated film and the polarizing element layer 21, and it is more preferable to bond the polarizing element protective layer 28. Further, the case where the polarizing layer is manufactured by coating is also included in the manufacturing by bonding.
- the polarizing element layer 21 can be manufactured by the above-mentioned polarizing element layer forming step, and is manufactured by coating on the optical film 1 via the liquid crystal alignment layer 22. It is preferable to be.
- the polarizing layer can be thinned, so that a thinner polarizing plate can be obtained while maintaining durability against repeated folding operations.
- a protective layer may be formed on the upper layer of the polarizing element layer in order to further improve the durability.
- the protective layer may be further coated with the barrier layer 27 and / or the optical film 1 of the present invention may be further bonded.
- a step of forming a polarizing element layer when the polarizing element layer is bonded, a step of forming a polarizing element layer, a step of forming an adhesive layer on the polarizing element layer, a step of bonding to the polarizing element layer, and the like. It is preferable to include a step of winding the produced polarizing plate. Further, when the laminated film has a support (film), it is preferable to include a step of peeling off the support.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of a method for manufacturing a polarizing plate roll. That is, the example shown in FIG. 6 is a manufacturing method in which the laminated film 50, the polarizing element layer 21, and the polarizing element protective layer 28 are bonded together via the adhesive layer 24.
- the polarizing plate roll has a step of forming the polarizing element layer 21, a step of forming the polarizing element protective layer 28, a step of peeling the support 4 from the laminated film 50, and an adhesive layer 24 on the polarizing element layer.
- the release film is peeled off in the middle of the step. It is characterized by winding without doing. That is, the release film is the same release film without changing in the middle. As a result, the material efficiency is not wasted and the work process can be reduced.
- the adhesive layer is prevented from sticking to the manufacturing equipment, support, etc. In addition, it is easy to form an appropriate shape as appropriate.
- the component having an adhesive function penetrates to some extent on both surfaces to be bonded until the moisture and the solvent contained in the adhesive volatilize and dry. However, if the film to be bonded is too thin, the moisture and solvent may volatilize too quickly and drying may be completed before the components have fully penetrated, in which case bonding. The force may decrease.
- the moisture or residual solvent of the adhesive layer is further diffused from the optical film to the adhesive layer, but the diffusion is limited because the adhesive layer is in contact with the release film. Therefore, the permeation time, which is important for ensuring the adhesiveness, can be sufficiently secured, and the adhesive strength of the adhesive layer can be maintained.
- a step of peeling the support from the laminated film in the case of coating the polarizing element layer, a step of coating the liquid crystal alignment layer and the polarizing element layer on the optical film, It is preferable to include a step of winding the produced polarizing plate.
- the method for forming the liquid crystal alignment layer and the polarizing element layer on the optical film by coating is as described above.
- a device for carrying out the method for manufacturing a polarizing plate roll of the present invention the optical film surface side of a laminated film composed of at least an optical film, an adhesive layer, and a release film.
- Any device may be used as long as it has a means for forming a polarizing plate film by coating and a means for winding the polarizing plate film.
- the polarizing plate roll of the present invention is preferably a polarizing plate roll with a glass plate bonded to the glass plate.
- the glass plate and the polarizing plate used for the outermost layer of the display are both thin films, and therefore each require a protective film.
- the protective film can be obtained by producing a polarizing plate roll in which the glass plate and the polarizing plate are integrated. It is possible to provide a display that is reduced, thinner, and durable against repeated folding operations.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of a method for manufacturing a polarizing plate roll with a glass plate.
- the polarizing plate 70 may be manufactured by either laminating or coating, and when it is produced by coating, it is preferable that the liquid crystal alignment layer 22 and the barrier layer 27 are included as shown in FIG.
- such a method of manufacturing the transparent substrate and the polarizing plate used for the outermost layer as an integrated polarizing plate roll is not only when the outermost layer is a glass plate but also when a transparent polyimide is used. Since the stress applied to the outermost surface can be relaxed, it is effective in suppressing wrinkles and whitening during bending.
- the display device of the present invention comprises the laminated film of the present invention.
- the display device of the present invention can be obtained, for example, by adhering the polarizing plate of the present invention to a substrate in the display device via an adhesive layer.
- the thickness of the substrate is preferably in the range of 10 to 100 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of durability against folding operation.
- the substrate is not particularly limited, but is preferably a glass plate or a thermoplastic resin.
- the display device is a device having a display mechanism, and includes a light emitting element or a light emitting device as a light emitting source.
- Display devices include liquid crystal display devices, organic electroluminescence (EL) display devices, inorganic electroluminescence (EL) display devices, touch panel display devices, electron emission display devices (electric field emission display devices (FED, etc.), surface electric field emission display devices). (SED)), electronic paper (display device using electronic ink or electrophoretic element), plasma display device, projection type display device (grating light valve (GLV) display device, display device having a digital micromirror device (DMD)). Etc.) and piezoelectric ceramic displays and the like.
- the liquid crystal display device includes any of a transmissive liquid crystal display device, a semi-transmissive liquid crystal display device, a reflective liquid crystal display device, a direct-view liquid crystal display device, a projection type liquid crystal display device, and the like. These display devices may be display devices that display two-dimensional images, or may be stereoscopic display devices that display three-dimensional images.
- an organic EL display device and a touch panel display device are preferable, and an organic EL display device is particularly preferable.
- the foldable display preferably has a structure in which one continuous display can be folded in half when carried, so that the size is halved and the portability is improved, and the foldable display is thin and lightweight. Things are more desirable. Therefore, the bending radius of the foldable display is preferably 5 mm or less, more preferably 3 mm or less. If the bending radius is 5 mm or less, the thickness can be reduced in the folded state. It can be said that the smaller the bending radius is, the better, but it may be 0.1 mm or more, or 0.5 mm or more. Even if it is 1 mm or more, its practicality is sufficiently good as compared with a conventional display having no folding structure.
- the bending radius when folded is a measurement of the R portion when the display 90 in the schematic diagram of FIG. 8 is folded, and is the radius of a circle when the curved portion of the folded portion when folded is approximated by an arc. Means.
- the display device of the present invention is less likely to be damaged or deteriorated even if the folding operation is repeated, and the display is excellent in visibility even if the folding operation is repeated under high temperature and high humidity such as outdoors. ..
- a mobile terminal device equipped with the foldable display provides a beautiful image, is rich in functionality, and is excellent in convenience such as portability.
- Example 1 ⁇ Manufacturing of laminated film ⁇ [Manufacturing of optical film] ⁇ Manufacturing of optical film 1> (Support)
- Deionized water 180 parts by mass Polyoxyethylene lauryl ether phosphoric acid 0.002 parts by mass Boric acid 0.473 parts by mass Sodium carbonate 0.047 parts by mass Sodium hydroxide 0.008 parts by mass
- the internal temperature was set to 80 ° C., and 0.021 parts by mass of potassium persulfate was added as a 2% by mass aqueous solution.
- a monomer consisting of 84.6% by mass of methyl methacrylate, 5.9% by mass of butyl acrylate, 7.9% by mass of styrene, 0.5% by mass of allyl methacrylate, and 1.1% by mass of n-octyl mercaptan.
- a mixed solution prepared by adding 0.07 parts by mass of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether phosphate to 21 parts by mass of the mixture (c') was continuously added to the above solution over 63 minutes. Further, the innermost hard polymer (c) was obtained by continuing the polymerization reaction for 60 minutes.
- a soft layer (a layer made of an acrylic rubber-like polymer (a)).
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the soft layer was ⁇ 30 ° C.
- the glass transition temperature of the soft layer was calculated by averaging the glass transition temperature of the homopolymer of each monomer constituting the acrylic rubber-like polymer (a) according to the composition ratio.
- the obtained polymer (b) was put into a 3 mass% sodium sulfate warm aqueous solution and salted out and coagulated. Then, after repeating dehydration and washing, the particles were dried to obtain acrylic graft copolymer particles (rubber particles R1) having a three-layer structure.
- the average particle size of the obtained rubber particles R1 was 200 nm.
- the average particle size of the rubber particles was measured by the following method.
- the dispersed particle size of the rubber particles in the obtained dispersion was measured by a zeta potential / particle size measuring system (ELSZ-2000ZS manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.).
- PET film polyethylene terephthalate film
- TN100 manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., with a release layer containing a non-silicone release agent, thickness 38 ⁇ m
- PET film polyethylene terephthalate film
- TN100 manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., with a release layer containing a non-silicone release agent, thickness 38 ⁇ m
- PET film polyethylene terephthalate film
- TN100 manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., with a release layer containing a non-silicone release agent, thickness 38 ⁇ m
- PET film polyethylene terephthalate film
- TN100 manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., with a release layer containing a non-silicone release agent, thickness 38 ⁇ m
- OA lauryl acrylate
- LA lauryl acrylate
- A-LEN-10 acrylic acid, ethoxylated-o-phenylphenol acrylate, manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.
- PHEA phenoxyethyl acrylate
- the coating liquid D for forming an adhesive film was applied onto a polyethylene terephthalate film (PET film) that had been peeled off as a release film using a doctor blade after foam removal, and then dried at 90 ° C. for 3 minutes. An adhesive film having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m was formed to obtain an adhesive film 1.
- PET film polyethylene terephthalate film
- the optical film 1 is attached to a surface opposite to the surface in contact with the polyethylene terephthalate film, and allowed to stand for 7 days at 23 ° C. in a 50% RH environment for aging to obtain the laminated film 101. Obtained.
- Equation 1 5 ⁇
- the average film thickness value (A) is an average value of 10 film thickness values randomly selected from the film. The film thickness was measured using F20-UV (manufactured by Filmometry) as a film thickness measuring system.
- Equation 1 average value (B) of thickness of three randomly selected points in the width direction-average film thickness value (A)
- the value to be evaluated was evaluated. ⁇ : 8% or more and less than 17% ⁇ : More than 5% and less than 8%, or 17% or more and less than 20% ⁇ : 5% or less, or 20% or more
- Table II below shows the composition and evaluation of the optical film and adhesive layer.
- Equation 1 is the average value (B) -average film thickness value (A)
- the obtained laminated film was evaluated as follows as a laminated body bonded to a glass plate.
- the release film was peeled off from the surface of the coupled glass plate and adhered so that the adhesive layer was in contact with the glass plate to prepare laminated samples 201 to 229.
- the following evaluations were made. The evaluation results are summarized in Table III below.
- the laminated body sample was placed on two tables having a height of 10 mm installed on a table. At this time, the optical film side is facing upward (the direction is opposite to the above table and does not touch), and the laminated body sample is placed on the table from both ends in the long side direction to 10 mm portions. I put it. That is, they were arranged so that the central portion (100 mm ⁇ 100 mm) was in a floating state. An iron ball (weight: 500 g, diameter: 50 mm) was dropped from a position 20 cm above the region, and the state of the laminated body after that was visually confirmed, and the results up to ⁇ were accepted.
- ⁇ When the glass plate is not scattered even once after 10 times
- ⁇ When the glass plate is scattered 2 times or less after 10 times
- ⁇ When the glass plate is scattered 3 times or more after 10 times in the case of
- ⁇ Durability (moisture and heat resistance)> (Preparation of laminated sample)
- the release film is peeled off from the laminated film cut to a width of 150 mm and a length of 250 mm, and the adhesive layer and the glass plate are attached to one side of a glass plate having a thickness of 0.05 mm by using a laminator roll.
- the laminated sample was evaluated by observing the occurrence of foaming, floating, and peeling according to the following criteria, and the results up to ⁇ were accepted.
- ⁇ No appearance defects such as foaming, floating and peeling were observed.
- ⁇ Slight appearance defects such as foaming, floating and peeling were observed.
- ⁇ Appearance defects such as foaming, floating and peeling were clearly observed.
- Example 2 Fabrication of polarizing plate (liquid crystal polarizing layer) >> ⁇ Preparation of composition for forming a polarizing layer> The following components were mixed and stirred at 80 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain a composition for forming a substituent layer.
- the dichroic dye the azo dye described in Examples of JP2013-101328A was used.
- the polyethylene terephthalate film (corresponding to the support 4) is peeled off and the exposed surface of the optical film layer is subjected to corona treatment, and then the composition for forming the optical liquid crystal alignment layer.
- An object was applied and dried at 120 ° C. to obtain a dry film.
- the dried film was irradiated with polarized UV to form an optical liquid crystal alignment layer, and a film with an optical liquid crystal alignment layer was obtained.
- the polarized UV treatment was carried out using a UV irradiation device (SPOT CURE SP-7 manufactured by Ushio, Inc.) under the condition that the intensity measured at a wavelength of 365 nm was 100 mJ.
- SPOT CURE SP-7 manufactured by Ushio, Inc.
- ⁇ Preparation of polarizing layer> The composition for forming a substituent layer is applied onto the laminated film with the optical liquid crystal alignment layer obtained as described above by the bar coating method (# 9 30 mm / s), and heated in a drying oven at 120 ° C. for 1 minute.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal compound was phase-transferred to a liquid phase by drying, and then cooled to room temperature to cause the polymerizable liquid crystal compound to undergo a phase transition to a smectic liquid crystal state.
- UV irradiation device SPOT CURE SP-7 manufactured by Ushio Denki Co., Ltd.
- UV rays with an exposure amount of 1000 mJ / cm2 (365 nm standard) are applied to the layer formed from the composition for forming a polarizing film.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal compound contained in the dry film was polymerized while maintaining the smectic liquid crystal state of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound, and a polarizing layer was formed from the dry film.
- the thickness of the polarizing element layer at this time was measured with a laser microscope (OLS3000 manufactured by Olympus Corporation) and found to be 2.3 ⁇ m.
- a sharp diffraction peak (Bragg peak) with a peak half-value width (FWHM) about 0.17 ° was obtained near 2 °.
- the ordered period (d) obtained from the peak position was about 4.4 ⁇ , and it was confirmed that a structure reflecting the higher-order smectic phase was formed.
- a curable composition for forming a barrier layer (1) so that the thickness after curing is about 0.5 ⁇ m using a bar coater after corona treatment is applied to the surface of the polarizing layer of the prepared polarizing plate.
- barrier layer (2) curable composition for formation The following components were mixed to prepare a curable composition for forming the barrier layer (2).
- the curable composition for forming the barrier layer (2) is applied using a bar coater so that the thickness after curing is about 1.5 ⁇ m. I worked on it.
- a UV irradiation device SPOTCURE P-7; manufactured by Ushio, Inc.
- ultraviolet rays having an exposure amount of 500 mJ / cm 2 (365 nm standard) were applied to a layer made of a curing composition for forming the barrier layer (2). It was cured by irradiation to form a barrier layer, and polarizing plates 301 to 329 were obtained.
- polarizing plate (iodine-PVA polarizing layer) >> ⁇ Preparation of polarizing layer> A 25 ⁇ m-thick polyvinyl alcohol-based film was swollen with water at 35 ° C. The obtained film was immersed in an aqueous solution consisting of 0.075 g of iodine, 5 g of potassium iodide and 100 g of water for 60 seconds, and further immersed in an aqueous solution of 45 ° C. consisting of 3 g of potassium iodide, 7.5 g of boric acid and 100 g of water. .. The obtained film was uniaxially stretched under the conditions of a stretching temperature of 55 ° C. and a stretching ratio of 5 times. This uniaxially stretched film was washed with water and then dried to form a polarizing element layer having a thickness of 12 ⁇ m.
- the laminated film 104 was placed on one surface of the produced polarizing layer via an ultraviolet curable adhesive layer having a thickness of 1.5 ⁇ m, and the laminated film 104 was placed on the other surface via an ultraviolet curable adhesive layer having a thickness of 1.5 ⁇ m.
- a polarizing plate was prepared by laminating the polarizing element protective layers via the layers. The absorption axis of the polarizing element layer and the slow axis of the polarizing element protection layer were bonded so as to be orthogonal to each other.
- the ultraviolet curable adhesive layer was formed by using the above ultraviolet curable adhesive composition.
- the obtained polarizing plate was irradiated with ultraviolet rays so that the integrated light amount was 750 mJ / cm 2 using an ultraviolet irradiation device with a belt conveyor (the lamp uses a D valve manufactured by Fusion UV Systems).
- the ultraviolet curable adhesive layer was cured to obtain a polarizing plate 330.
- the obtained polarizing plates 301 to 330 were evaluated as follows.
- the release film is peeled off from the surface of the coupled glass plate so that the adhesive layer is in contact with the glass plate, and the polarizing plate samples 401 to 430 with the glass plate are attached.
- the same result as that of the laminated body bonded to the glass plate was obtained.
- a fold resistance test was performed using a 180 ° fold resistance tester (manufactured by Imoto Seisakusho). This device has a mechanism in which the chuck on one side repeatedly bends 180 ° across the mandrel in a constant temperature bath, and the bending radius can be changed according to the diameter of the mandrel. The mechanism is such that the test is stopped when the film breaks.
- the laminated body sample was set in the apparatus with the glass plate on the concave side (inside) / the optical film on the convex side (outside), left at a temperature of 25 ° C. for 24 hours, and then bent at a bending angle of 180 °.
- the evaluation was carried out under the conditions of a radius of 3 mm, a bending speed of 1 second / time, and a weight of 100 g. After the number of times of bending reached 200,000 times, the following test was performed on the laminated body sample after the folding resistance test including the bent portion.
- the laminated film of the present invention is excellent in impact resistance and adhesive durability under high temperature and high humidity when bonded to a glass plate, and the polarizing plate of the present invention is made of glass. It was found that it was excellent in durability against repeated folding operations and characteristics that did not cause optical unevenness when it was bonded to a plate.
- the liquid crystal display device including the above-mentioned prepared polarizing plate was manufactured as follows. That is, a Hitachi liquid crystal television Woooo W32-L7000, which is a horizontal electrolytic mode type liquid crystal display device, was prepared.
- the liquid crystal cell included in this has two substrates and a liquid crystal layer arranged between them, and is an IPS system in which a pixel electrode and a counter electrode are arranged on only one of the two substrates. It was a thing. Further, the liquid crystal cell was arranged so that the substrate on which the pixel electrode and the counter electrode were arranged was on the backlight side.
- the adhesive layers of the prepared polarizing plates 301 to 330 were bonded to the liquid crystal cell so that the absorption axis of the prepared polarizing plate and the absorption axis of the previously bonded polarizing plate were in the same direction. .. Evaluation of "Egg unevenness" (circular unevenness) of the obtained liquid crystal display device, that is, the obtained liquid crystal display device was left in a chamber at 50 ° C. and 80% RH for 72 hours.
- the liquid crystal display device is taken out from the chamber, and the difference (image unevenness) between the brightness near the four vertices of the display screen and the brightness near the center of the display screen is visually observed with the liquid crystal display device displayed in black at room temperature.
- the display device provided with the polarizing plate of the comparative example has image unevenness at two or more of the four vertices, while the display device provided with the polarizing plate of the present invention has no or very fine image unevenness. With caution, good results were obtained with slight image unevenness.
- the laminated film of the present invention does not cause impact resistance, adhesive durability under high temperature and high humidity, durability against repeated folding operations, and optical unevenness when bonded to a flexible thin glass plate. It has excellent characteristics, and by applying it to a foldable flexible display, it is possible to provide a high-performance and highly durable flexible display.
- Optical film 2 Adhesive layer 3 Release film 4 Support 11 Glass plate 21 Polarizer layer 22 Liquid crystal alignment layer 23 Phase difference film 24 Adhesive layer 25 Polymerizable liquid crystal compound-containing layer 26 Support 27 Barrier layer 28 Polarizer protective layer 50 Laminated film 60 Laminated body 70 Polarizing plate 80 Polarizing plate with glass plate 90 Display R Bending radius B110 Support B200 Manufacturing equipment B210 Supply part B220 Coating part B230 Drying part B240 Cooling part B250 Winding part
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Abstract
Description
ただし、当該技術は、携帯性を有するフレキシブルディスプレイ特有の、屋外のような高温高湿下での繰り返しの折り畳み動作に起因する光学ムラ、さらにはガラスの衝撃耐性改良に適した設計について想定しておらず、新しい市場要求を満たすものではなかった。
前記光学フィルムの膜厚が、1~10μm未満であり、かつ前記粘着層の膜厚が、1~10μm未満であることを特徴とする積層フィルム。
式1:5<|幅方向の無作為に選択した3点の厚さの平均値(B)-平均膜厚値(A)|/平均膜厚値(A)×100<20
ことを特徴とする第1項から第5項までのいずれか一項に記載の積層フィルム。
前記粘着層の膜厚が1μm~10μm未満であり、かつ光学フィルムの膜厚が1μm~10μm未満であることを特徴とする、偏光板ロールの製造方法。
ことを特徴とする第11項又は第12項に記載の偏光板ロールの製造方法。
発明者らは当該課題に対し、これまでの製造過程での因子分離等の精査を進め、耐衝撃を持たせるためにあえて粘着層、及び粘着層が付与される光学フィルムの膜厚を薄くすることに加え、粘着層の付与段階を特定することで当該課題を解決できることを見出した。
これはガラス基板が薄膜、折り畳み可能な超薄膜化された際に、粘着層の厚みをあえて薄くし、偏光板等の光学フィルムと剛体であるガラス基板との距離を近づけること、また各層間の接着性を高めることで耐衝撃性を付与することができるものと推測した。
この特徴は、下記実施態様に共通する又は対応する技術的特徴である。
式1:5<|幅方向の無作為に選択した3点の厚さの平均値(B)-平均膜厚値(A)|/平均膜厚値(A)×100<20
表面が適度に凹凸を有することにより、上層との密着性を向上させる観点から好ましい。
この特徴は、下記実施態様に共通する又は対応する技術的特徴である。
本発明の積層フィルムは、少なくとも光学フィルム、粘着層、及び離型フィルムからなる積層フィルムであって、前記光学フィルムの膜厚(「厚さ」ともいう。)が、1~10μm未満であり、かつ前記粘着層の膜厚が、1~10μm未満であることを特徴とする。
本発明の積層フィルム50は、図1Aに示すように、光学フィルム1、粘着層2及び離型フィルム3からなる。
本発明に係る光学フィルムは、厚さが1~10μm未満の範囲内であることを特徴とする。上記範囲内であることによって、偏光板内における支持体としての役割を果たし、十分な耐折性を付与する。厚さが、2~8μmの範囲内であることが好ましく、3~7μmの範囲内であることがより好ましい。
本発明に係る光学フィルムの用いられる樹脂は、特に制限されず、セルロースエステル系樹脂、シクロオレフィン系樹脂、フマル酸ジエステル系樹脂、ポリプロピレン系樹脂、(メタ)アクリル系樹脂、ポリエステル系樹脂、ポリアリレート系樹脂、ポリイミド系樹脂、及びスチレン系樹脂又はその複合樹脂を挙げることができる。また、カルボニル基を側鎖に有する直鎖状高分子材料を含有すること、又は環状構造を主鎖に有する高分子材料を含有することが、耐折性等の物理特性を制御し、かつ光学特性を向上する観点から好ましい。したがって、シクロオレフィン系樹脂、フマル酸ジエステル系樹脂、(メタ)アクリル系樹脂、又はスチレン・(メタ)アクリレート共重合体などを用いるのが好ましい。
光学フィルムに用いられるシクロオレフィン系樹脂は、シクロオレフィン単量体の重合体、又はシクロオレフィン単量体とそれ以外の共重合性単量体との共重合体であることが好ましい。
2)シクロオレフィン単量体と、それと開環共重合可能な共重合性単量体との開環共重合体
3)上記1)又は2)の開環(共)重合体の水素添加物
4)上記1)又は2)の開環(共)重合体をフリーデルクラフツ反応により環化した後、水素添加した(共)重合体
5)シクロオレフィン単量体と、不飽和二重結合含有化合物との飽和共重合体
6)シクロオレフィン単量体のビニル系環状炭化水素単量体との付加共重合体及びその水素添加物
7)シクロオレフィン単量体と、(メタ)アクリレートとの交互共重合体
溶媒: メチレンクロライド
カラム: Shodex(登録商標)K806、K805、K803G(昭和電工(株)製を3本接続して使用した)
カラム温度:25℃
試料濃度: 0.1質量%
検出器: RI Model 504(GLサイエンス社製)
ポンプ: L6000(日立製作所(株)製)
流量: 1.0mL/min
校正曲線: 標準ポリスチレンSTK standard ポリスチレン(東ソー(株)製)Mw=500~2800000の範囲内の13サンプルによる校正曲線を使用した。13サンプルは、ほぼ等間隔に用いることが好ましい。
光学フィルムに用いられるフマル酸ジエステル系樹脂は、フマル酸ジイソプロピル残基単位及び炭素数1又は2のアルキル基を有するフマル酸ジエステル残基単位を含むフマル酸ジエステル系樹脂である。
ポリアリレート系樹脂は、光学フィルムに用いたときに靭性に優れる。当該ポリアリレート系樹脂は、少なくとも芳香族ジアルコール由来の構成単位と芳香族ジカルボン酸由来の構成単位とを含む。
ポリイミド系樹脂は、テトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミンとの重合反応物でありうる。
光学フィルムに用いられる(メタ)アクリル系樹脂は、少なくともメタクリル酸メチルに由来する構造単位(U1)と、フェニルマレイミドに由来する構造単位(U2)とを含むことが好ましい。フェニルマレイミドに由来する構造単位(U2)を含む(メタ)アクリル系樹脂は、光学フィルムの光弾性係数を小さくし、吸湿膨張してもムラの発生が起こりにくいという利点もある。
スチレン・(メタ)アクリレート共重合体(以下、スチレン・アクリル系樹脂ともいう。)は、光学フィルムに用いたときに透明性に優れる。また、スチレン部分の共重合比率によって吸湿膨張係数を調整することもできるため、これらの比率を変更することによって、積層体としてのカールを制御することができる。
本発明に係る光学フィルム、特に(メタ)アクリル系樹脂やスチレン・(メタ)アクリレート共重合体を用いる場合は、光学フィルムに対して、ゴム粒子を10~90質量%の範囲内で含有することが、靭性(しなやかさ)を付与し、衝撃耐性を向上する観点から好ましい。また、改善効果の大きさ及びヘイズ発生防止等の観点からも好ましい。より好ましくは、40~85質量%の範囲内である。
アクリル系ゴム状重合体(a)は、アクリル酸エステルに由来する構造単位を主成分として含む架橋重合体である。主成分として含むとは、アクリル酸エステルに由来する構造単位の含有量が後述する範囲となることをいう。アクリル系ゴム状重合体(a)は、アクリル酸エステルに由来する構造単位と、それと共重合可能な他の単量体に由来する構造単位と、1分子中に2以上のラジカル重合性基(非共役な反応性二重結合)を有する多官能性単量体に由来する構造単位とを含む架橋重合体であることが好ましい。
(コア部)
コア部は、アクリル系ゴム状重合体(a)を含み、必要に応じて硬質な架橋重合体(c)をさらに含んでもよい。すなわち、コア部は、アクリル系ゴム状重合体からなる軟質層と、その内側に配置された硬質な架橋重合体(c)からなる硬質層とを有してもよい。
シェル部は、アクリル系ゴム状重合体(a)にグラフト結合した、メタクリル酸エステルに由来する構造単位を主成分として含むメタクリル系重合体(b)(他の重合体)を含む。主成分として含むとは、メタクリル酸エステルに由来する構造単位の含有量が後述する範囲となることをいう。
本発明に係る光学フィルムは、必要に応じて添加剤を更に含んでもよく、分子量1000以下の添加剤を、光学フィルムに対して0.0001~1質量%の範囲内で含有することが好ましく、より好ましくは0.001~0.1質量%の範囲内である。他の成分の例としては、酸化防止剤、マット剤(微粒子)、可塑剤、紫外線吸収剤、帯電防止剤等が挙げられる。
本発明に係る光学フィルムは、分子量1000以下の酸化防止剤を、光学フィルムに対して、0.0001~0.01質量%の範囲内で含有することが、析出物の拡散を抑制する観点から好ましく、光学フィルムの経時保存性を向上させることができる。
本発明に係る光学フィルムは、微粒子を含有することも好ましい。
〈厚さ〉
本発明に係る光学フィルムは、厚さを、下記式1を満たすように調整することにより、粘着層との密着性を向上させ、かつ、塗布による粘着層の形成を可能とする。
ここで、平均膜厚値(A)はフィルムから無作為に抽出した10点の膜厚値の平均値である。
本発明に係る光学フィルムは、水蒸気透過率が、温度40℃、湿度90%RH下において、500~3000g/m2・dayの範囲内であることが、本発明の積層フィルムを具備する偏光板において、光学フィルムと偏光子層を貼合する際に形成される接着層の耐久性の観点から好ましい。光学フィルムの透湿度を500g/m2・day以上とすることで、接着層に含まれる水分及び溶剤が、光学フィルム側へ拡散しやすくなり、接着耐久性が向上する。他方で、3000g/m2・day以下にすると、光学フィルムが吸湿・膨張しにくくなり、寸法変動等に対して接着耐久性が良化する。
上記水蒸気透過率の測定方法については、下記実施例の欄で詳細に説明する。
本発明に係る光学フィルムは、偏光子層を表面に積層して、位相差フィルムなどの光学フィルムとして機能し得る。
式(b):Rt=((nx+ny)/2-nz)×d
(式中、
nxは、光学フィルムの面内遅相軸方向(屈折率が最大となる方向)の屈折率を表し、
nyは、光学フィルムの面内遅相軸に直交する方向の屈折率を表し、
nzは、光学フィルムの厚さ方向の屈折率を表し、
dは、光学フィルムの厚さ(nm)を表す。)
光学フィルムの面内遅相軸は、自動複屈折率計アクソスキャン(Axo Scan Mueller Matrix Polarimeter:アクソメトリックス社製)により確認することができる。
本発明に係る粘着層は、厚さが1~10μm未満の範囲内であることを特徴とする。上記範囲内であることによって、ガラス板と貼合したフレキシブルディスプレイにおいて、衝撃耐性の向上及び繰り返し折り畳んだ際のムラの抑制に優れる。
本発明に係る粘着層を構成する成分としては、粘着剤に用いられている樹脂や、種々の目的に応じて種々の添加剤を用いることができる。
粘着層は、(メタ)アクリル系、ゴム系、ウレタン系、エステル系、シリコーン系、ポリビニルエーテル系のような樹脂を主成分とする粘着剤組成物で構成することができる。
中でも、透明性、耐候性、耐熱性等に優れる(メタ)アクリル系樹脂をベースとする粘着剤組成物が好適である。粘着剤組成物は、活性エネルギー線硬化型、熱硬化型であってもよい。
したがって、粘着層の固有複屈折の値が、樹脂製の光学フィルムの伸縮の応力によって発生するガラス板の光弾性を、打ち消す構成であることが好ましい。また、樹脂製の光学フィルムの伸縮の応力によって発生する当該フィルムの光弾性及びガラス板の光弾性のいずれに対しても、打ち消す構成であることがより好ましい。
(メタ)アクリル系共重合体(P)は、大きく3つの成分から構成される。P1)正の複屈折を示す成分(かつ、透湿度を制御する成分)、P2)架橋・硬化機能を付与する成分、及び、P3)負の複屈折を含む成分、である。
さらに好ましくは、(p1)を65質量%以上85質量%以下の範囲内、架橋性官能基含有モノマー(p2)を0質量%以上20質量%未満の範囲内の量で含むモノマー成分、負の複屈折を含む官能基含有モノマー(p3)を10質量%以上20質量%未満の範囲内の量で含むモノマー成分を共重合して得られた共重合体である。
モノマー(p1)は、ホモポリマーのTgが-10℃未満で、アルキル基の炭素数が8以上のメタクリル酸アルキルエステルである。ホモポリマーのTgが-80~-10℃の範囲内で、かつアルキル基の炭素数が8以上である前記モノマーが好ましく、Tgが-70~-30℃の範囲内で、かつアルキル基の炭素数が8以上である前記モノマーがより好ましく、Tgが-70~-30℃の範囲内で、かつアルキルの炭素数が10以上である前記モノマーがさらに好ましい。
モノマー(p1)は1種単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を用いてもよい。
共重合体(P)を形成するモノマー成分は、架橋剤(Q)と反応することが可能な架橋性官能基を有するモノマー、すなわち架橋性官能基含有モノマー(p2)を含む。モノマー(p2)としては、例えば、ヒドロキシ基含有モノマー、カルボキシ基含有モノマーが挙げられる。
共重合体(P)を形成するモノマー成分100質量%中、モノマー(p3)の使用量は0質量以上50質量%以下であり、好ましくは5~45質量%の範囲内、さらに好ましくは10~40質量%の範囲内である。モノマー(p3)の使用量は、他の正の複屈折を持つ成分(p1及びp2)の複屈折の程度により調整される。また、複屈折がディスプレイに表示される画質への影響が小さい部位に使用する場合には、含まなくても良い。負の複屈折を有するモノマーとしては、(メタ)アクリレートの芳香族エステルを挙げることができる。具体的には、フェノキシエチルアクリレート(PHEA)、ベンジル(メタ)アクリレート、フェノキシジエチレングリコールアクリレート、エトキシ化-o-フェニルフェノールアクリレート(A-LEN-10)、2-アクリロイルオキシプロピルフタル酸等を挙げることができる。
ポリマーの酸価(mgKOH/g)=56.1/X×(Y/100)×1000
=561/X×Y
X:カルボキシ基含有モノマーの分子量
Y:カルボキシ基含有モノマーの配合量
共重合体(P)を形成するモノマー成分としては、共重合体(P)の物性を損なわない範囲で、例えば、上記モノマー(p1)以外の(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステル、アルコキシアルキル(メタ)アクリレート、アルコキシポリアルキレングリコールモノ(メタ)アクリレート、脂環式基含有(メタ)アクリレート、酸基含有モノマー、アミノ基含有モノマー、アミド基含有モノマー、窒素系複素環含有モノマー、シアノ基含有モノマー等の、その他のモノマーを用いることもできる。
その他のモノマーは1種単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を用いてもよい。
(メタ)アクリル系共重合体(P)の製造条件は特に限定されないが、例えば、溶液重合法により製造することができる。具体的には、反応容器内に重合溶媒及びモノマー成分を仕込み、窒素ガス等の不活性ガス雰囲気下で重合開始剤を添加し、反応開始温度を通常40~100℃の範囲内、好ましくは50~80℃の範囲内に設定し、通常50~90℃の範囲内、好ましくは70~90℃の範囲内の温度に反応系を維持して、4~20時間の範囲内で反応させる。
(メタ)アクリル系共重合体(P)のゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)法により測定される重量平均分子量(Mw)は、ポリスチレン換算値で、通常40万~300万の範囲内であり、好ましくは60万~250万の範囲内、より好ましくは80万~200万の範囲内、さらに好ましくは80万~130万の範囲内である。Mwが前記範囲内にあり、かつ上記モノマー単位を有する共重合体(P)を用いることで、偏光子層への水分の拡散を低減させる効果を有するため、共重合体(P)の混合比を選ぶことで適度な透湿度を発現することが可能となる。さらに粘着力のバランスを取りやすく、塗工に適した粘度の粘着剤とすることが出来る。
Foxの式:1/Tg=(W1/Tg1)+(W2/Tg2)+…+(Wm/Tgm)
W1+W2+…+Wm=1
〈架橋剤(Q)〉
本発明に用いられる粘着剤は、さらに架橋剤(Q)を含有する。
架橋剤(Q)は、(メタ)アクリル系共重合体(P)が有する、架橋性官能基含有モノマー(p2)由来の架橋性官能基と架橋反応を起こすことができる成分であれば特に限定されないが、例えば、イソシアネート化合物(Q1)、金属キレート化合物(Q2)、エポキシ化合物(Q3)が挙げられる。
架橋剤(Q)は1種単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を用いてもよい。
イソシアネート化合物(Q1)としては、1分子中のイソシアネート基数が2以上のイソシアネート化合物が通常用いられる。イソシアネート化合物(Q1)により(メタ)アクリル系共重合体(P)を架橋することで、架橋体(ネットワークポリマー)を形成することができる。
イソシアネート化合物(Q1)は1種単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を用いてもよい。
金属キレート化合物(Q2)としては、例えば、アルミニウム、鉄、銅、亜鉛、スズ、チタン、ニッケル、アンチモン、マグネシウム、バナジウム、クロム、ジルコニウム等の多価金属に、アルコキシド、アセチルアセトン、アセト酢酸エチル等が配位した化合物が挙げられる。
金属キレート化合物(Q2)は1種単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を用いてもよい。
エポキシ化合物(Q3)としては、1分子中のエポキシ基数が2以上のエポキシ化合物が通常用いられる。例えば、エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、ポリエチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、グリセリンジグリシジルエーテル、グリセリントリグリシジルエーテル、1,3-ビス(N,N-ジグリシジルアミノメチル)シクロヘキサン、N,N,N’,N’-テトラグリシジル-m-キシリレンジアミン、N,N,N’,N’-テトラグリシジルアミノフェニルメタン、トリグリシジルイソシアヌレート、m-N,N-ジグリシジルアミノフェニルグリシジルエーテル、N,N-ジグリシジルトルイジン、N,N-ジグリシジルアニリンが挙げられる。
〈シランカップリング剤〉
本発明に用いられる粘着剤は、更にシランカップリング剤を含有することが好ましい。シランカップリング剤は、粘着層をガラス板等の被着体に対して強固に接着させ、高温高湿環境下で剥がれを防止する点に寄与する。
帯電防止剤は、例えば、本発明に係る粘着層の表面抵抗値を低下させるために使用することができる。帯電防止剤としては、例えば、界面活性剤、イオン性化合物、導電性ポリマーが挙げられる。
イオン性化合物は、カチオン部とアニオン部とから構成され、室温下(23℃、50%RH)では固体状でも液体状のいずれであってもよい。
導電性ポリマーとしては、例えば、ポリチオフェン、ポリアニリン、ポリピロール及びこれらの誘導体が挙げられる。
本発明に用いられる粘着剤は、塗布性を調製するため、有機溶媒を含有することが好ましい。有機溶媒としては、(メタ)アクリル系共重合体(P)の欄で説明した重合溶媒が挙げられる。例えば、上記共重合で得られた、(メタ)アクリル系共重合体(P)及び重合溶媒を含むポリマー溶液と、架橋剤(Q)とを混合して、粘着剤を調製することができる。本発明に用いられる粘着剤において、有機溶媒の含有量は、通常50~90質量%の範囲内、好ましくは60~85質量%の範囲内である。
本発明に用いられる粘着剤は、上記成分のほか、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、酸化防止剤、光安定剤、紫外線吸収剤、金属腐蝕防止剤、粘着付与剤、可塑剤、架橋促進剤、前記(P)以外の(メタ)アクリル系重合体及びリワーク剤から選択される1種又は2種以上を含有してもよい。
〈水蒸気透過率〉
本発明に係る粘着層は、水蒸気透過率が、好ましくは800g/m2・day以上5000/m2・day以下が好ましく、より好ましくは1000~4000g/m2・day以下、さらに好ましくは1500~3500g/m2・dayが好ましい。
上記水蒸気透過率の測定方法については、下記実施例の欄で詳細に説明する。
本発明の積層フィルムの基板に対する粘着力は、JIS Z-0237:2009に記載の「粘着テープ・粘着シート試験方法」に基づいて、測定することができる。基板に貼合した際の、繰り返しの折り畳み動作に対する耐久性の観点から、基板に対する粘着力は、好ましくは、3.0N/25mm以上であり、より好ましくは、4.0N/25mm以上である。さらに好ましくは、4.5N/25mm以上である。基板は特に限定されず、ガラス板や熱可塑性樹脂であることが好ましい。
上記粘着力の測定方法については、下記実施例の欄で詳細に説明する。
本発明に係る離型フィルムは特に限定されないが、通常、透明基材フィルムに離型層を形成したものが用いられる。透明基材フィルムとしては、後述する光学フィルムを作製する際に用いる支持体と同様に種々の樹脂フィルムを用いることができるが、ポリエステルフィルムであることが好ましい。ポリエステルフィルムは単層構成であっても積層構成であってもよい。
〈ポリエステルフィルム〉
ポリエステルフィルムに使用するポリエステルは、ホモポリエステルであっても共重合ポリエステルであってもよい。ホモポリエステルからなる場合、芳香族ジカルボン酸と脂肪族グリコールとを重縮合させて得られるものが好ましい。芳香族ジカルボン酸としては、テレフタル酸、2,6-ナフタレンジカルボン酸などが挙げられ、脂肪族グリコールとしては、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、1,4-シクロヘキサンジメタノール等が挙げられる。代表的なポリエステルとしては、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)等が例示される。一方、共重合ポリエステルのジカルボン酸成分としては、イソフタル酸、フタル酸、テレフタル酸、2,6-ナフタレンジカルボン酸、アジピン酸、セバシン酸、オキシカルボン酸(例えば、P-オキシ安息香酸など)等の一種又は二種以上が挙げられ、グリコール成分として、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ブタンジオール、1,4-シクロヘキサンジメタノール、ネオペンチルグリコール等の一種又は二種以上が挙げられる。何れにしても本発明でいうポリエステルとは、通常60モル%以上、好ましくは80モル%以上がエチレンテレフタレート単位であるポリエチレンテレフタレート等であるポリエステルを指す。
本発明に係る離型フィルムを構成する離型層は、離型性を良好とする観点から、硬化型シリコーン樹脂を含有するのが好ましい。硬化型シリコーン樹脂を主成分とするタイプでもよいし、ウレタン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、アルキッド樹脂等の有機樹脂とのグラフト重合等による変性シリコーンタイプ等を使用してもよい。
本発明の積層フィルムは、少なくとも光学フィルム、粘着層、及び離型フィルムからなる積層フィルムであって、前記光学フィルムの厚さが、1~10μm未満の範囲内であり、かつ前記粘着層の厚さが、1~10μm未満の範囲内であることを特徴とする。
本発明の積層フィルムの形態は、特に制限されないが、種々の目的により実用される前においては、例えば帯状でありうる。すなわち、本発明に係る積層フィルムは、その幅方向に直交する方向にロール状に巻き取られて、ロール体とすることが好ましい。
本発明に係る光学フィルムは、支持体上に形成される。製造方法は、1)光学フィルム用溶液を得る工程と、2)得られた光学フィルム用溶液を、支持体の表面に付与する工程と、3)付与された光学フィルム用溶液から溶媒を除去して、光学フィルムを形成する工程とを有する。
前述の樹脂と、溶媒とを含む光学フィルム用溶液(「ドープ」ともいう。)を調製する。
次いで、得られた光学フィルム用溶液を、支持体の表面に付与する。具体的には、得られた光学フィルム用溶液を、支持体の表面に塗布する。
支持体は、光学フィルム形成時に支持するものであり、通常、樹脂フィルムが用いられる。支持体の厚さは、50μm以下であることが好ましい。支持体の厚さは、ある程度の強度(腰や剛性)が支持体として必要であることから、好ましくは、15~45μmの範囲であり、より好ましくは20~40μmの範囲内である。
次いで、支持体に付与された光学フィルム用溶液から溶媒を除去して、光学フィルムを形成する。
得られた帯状の光学フィルムを、その幅方向に直交する方向にロール状に巻き取り、ロール体とする。
本発明に用いられる光学フィルムの製造方法は、例えば図2に示される製造装置によって行うことができる。
光学フィルムは、光学フィルム用溶液を塗布して得られることから、当該溶液に由来する溶媒が残留していることがある。残留溶媒量は、使用溶媒・塗布液濃度、光学フィルムの乾燥に当てる風速、乾燥温度・時間、乾燥室の条件(外気か内気循環か)、塗布時のバックローラーの加熱温度等によって制御しうる。
具体的には、光学フィルムの残留溶媒量は、800ppm未満であることがより好ましく、500~700ppm未満であることが、光学フィルムのカールバランスを考慮するとより好ましい。また、支持体にも溶媒が残存するような溶媒・塗布プロセスを選ぶことで、支持体と光学フィルムとの密着性が向上する。支持体の残留溶媒量としては10~100ppmの範囲内が好ましい。
本発明に係る粘着層は、離型フィルムに隣接する層として形成されることが好ましい。離型フィルムの形成方法については、後述する。
例えば、(メタ)アクリル系共重合体(P)を合成する際に得られた、当該ポリマーを含むポリマー溶液に、架橋剤(Q)と必要に応じて他の成分とを配合することが挙げられる。
当該粘着剤を離型フィルム上に塗布し、溶媒の種類によっても異なるが、通常50~150℃の範囲内、好ましくは60~100℃の範囲内で、通常1~10分間の範囲内、好ましくは2~7分間の範囲内で乾燥して溶媒を除去し、塗膜を形成する。乾燥塗膜の厚さは、通常1~10μm未満の範囲内、好ましくは3~7μmの範囲内である。
本発明に係る離型フィルムの基材としては、種々の樹脂フィルムを用いることができるが、ここでは、本発明に係る離型フィルムを、ポリエステルフィルムを基材とし、離型層を積層することにより得る場合の例について説明する。
本発明の積層体は、本発明の積層フィルムとガラス板が、本発明に係る粘着層を介して貼合されることが一つの実施形態である。
なお、本発明においては、ガラス板に限定されず、ガラス板の代わりに基材として熱可塑性樹脂等の樹脂を用いても良い。
図3に本発明の積層体の好ましい層構成について、その一例を示すがこれに限定されるものではない。
本発明の積層体60は、光学フィルム1、粘着層2及びガラス板11からなる。
本発明に係るガラス板の厚さは、屈曲性の観点から150μm以下であることが好ましい。また、120μm以下であることがより好ましく、100μm以下であることが更に好ましく、80μm以下であることが特に好ましい。厚さの下限は特に限定されないが、製造ライン中や後加工工程時のハンドリング性や割れやすさの観点から、5μm以上であることが好ましく、10μm以上であることがより好ましく、15μm以上であることが更に好ましい。特に好ましくは25~50μmの範囲内である。
本発明の偏光板は、本発明の積層フィルムを用いたものであることを特徴とする。
図4に本発明の偏光板の好ましい層構成について、その一例を示すが、これに限定されるものではない。
本発明の偏光板70は、光学フィルム1、粘着層2、離型フィルム3及び偏光子層21からなる。
本発明の偏光板は、本発明の積層フィルム又は積層体に、更に偏光子層を積層することにより得ることができる。
なお、「偏光子」とは、一定方向の偏波面の光だけを通す素子のことをいう。以下に、本発明の偏光子層の好ましい構成について、その一例を示すがこれに限定されるものではない。
偏光子層の形成に用いられる重合性液晶組成物(以下、「重合性液晶組成物(A’)」ともいう。)に含まれる重合性液晶化合物(以下、「重合性液晶化合物(A’)」ともいう。)は、少なくとも1つの重合性基を有する液晶化合物である。
[式(A’1)中、X1及びX2は、互いに独立して、2価の芳香族基又は2価の脂環式炭化水素基を表し、ここで、当該2価の芳香族基又は2価の脂環式炭化水素基に含まれる水素原子は、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1~4のアルキル基、炭素数1~4のフルオロアルキル基、炭素数1~4のアルコキシ基、シアノ基又はニトロ基に置換されていてもよく、該2価の芳香族基又は2価の脂環式炭化水素基を構成する炭素原子が、酸素原子又は硫黄原子又は窒素原子に置換されていてもよい。ただし、X1及びX2のうち少なくとも1つは、置換基を有していてもよい1,4-フェニレン基、又は、置換基を有していてもよいシクロヘキサン-1,4-ジイル基である。
式(A’1-1):-(X1-Y1-)n-X2-
[式中、X1、Y1、X2及びnはそれぞれ上記と同じ意味を示す。]
で示される部分(以下、「部分構造(A’1-1)」ともいう。)が非対称構造であることが、スメクチック液晶性を発現し易い点で好ましい。
偏光子層の形成に用いられる、重合性液晶組成物(A’)に含まれる二色性色素は、分子の長軸方向における吸光度と、短軸方向における吸光度とが異なる性質を有する色素を意味する。二色性色素は、上記性質を有するものであれば特に制限されず、染料であっても、顔料であってもよい。また、2種以上の染料又は顔料をそれぞれ組み合わせて用いてもよいし、染料と顔料とを組み合わせて用いてもよい。
[式(I)中、K1及びK3は、互いに独立に、置換基を有していてもよいフェニル基、置換基を有していてもよいナフチル基、又は、置換基を有していてもよい1価の複素環基を表わす。K2は、置換基を有していてもよいp-フェニレン基、置換基を有していてもよいナフタレン-1,4-ジイル基、又は、置換基を有していてもよい2価の複素環基を表わす。pは1~4の整数を表わす。pが2以上の整数である場合、複数のK2は互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。可視域に吸収を示す範囲で-N=N-結合が-C=C-、-COO-、-NHCO-、-N=CH-結合に置き換わっていてもよい。]
n2が2以上である場合、複数のB6は互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、
n3が2以上である場合、複数のB9は互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、
n4が2以上である場合、複数のB14は互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。]
前記アントラキノン色素としては、式(I-9)で表される化合物が好ましい。
重合性液晶組成物(A’)は、重合性液晶化合物及び二色性色素以外の添加剤を更に含んでもよく、重合性液晶組成物(A’)の固形分に対して、0%を超えて20質量%以下であることが好ましく、0%を超えて10質量%以下であることがより好ましい。添加剤の例としては、重合開始剤、光増感剤、レベリング剤、酸化防止剤、離型剤、安定剤、ブルーイング剤等の着色剤、難燃剤及び滑剤等が挙げられる。
重合開始剤は、重合性液晶化合物の重合反応を開始し得る化合物であり、より低温条件下で、重合反応を開始できる点で、光重合開始剤が好ましい。具体的には、光の作用により活性ラジカル又は酸を発生できる光重合開始剤が挙げられ、中でも、光の作用によりラジカルを発生する光重合開始剤が好ましい。重合開始剤は単独又は二種以上組み合わせて使用できる。
2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニルプロパン-1-オン、1,2-ジフェニル-2,2-ジメトキシエタン-1-オン、2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-〔4-(2-ヒドロキシエトキシ)フェニル〕プロパン-1-オン、1-ヒドロキシシクロヘキシルフェニルケトン及び2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-〔4-(1-メチルビニル)フェニル〕プロパン-1-オンのオリゴマー等のヒドロキシアセトフェノン系化合物;
2-メチル-2-モルホリノ-1-(4-メチルチオフェニル)プロパン-1-オン、2-ジメチルアミノ-2-ベンジル-1-(4-モルホリノフェニル)ブタン-1-オン等のα-アミノアセトフェノン系化合物;
2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイルジフェニルホスフィンオキサイド及びビス(2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイル)フェニルホスフィンオキサイド等のアシルホスフィンオキサイド系化合物;
2,4-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-6-(4-メトキシフェニル)-1,3,5-トリアジン、2,4-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-6-(4-メトキシナフチル)-1,3,5-トリアジン、2,4-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-6-(4-メトキシスチリル)-1,3,5-トリアジン、2,4-ビス(トリクロロメチ_ル)-6-〔2-(5-メチルフラン-2-イル)エテニル〕-1,3,5-トリアジン、2,4-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-6-〔2-(フラン-2-イル)エテニル〕-1,3,5-トリアジン、2,4-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-6-〔2-(4-ジエチルアミノ-2-メチルフェニル)エテニル〕-1,3,5-トリアジン及び2,4-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-6-〔2-(3,4-ジメトキシフェニル)エテニル〕-1,3,5-トリアジン等のトリアジン系化合物。光重合開始剤は、例えば上記の光重合開始剤から重合性液晶組成物(A)に含まれる重合性液晶化合物との関係において適宜選択すればよい。
光増感剤は、重合性液晶化合物の重合反応をより促進させることができる。光増感剤としては、キサントン、チオキサントンなどのキサントン系化合物(例えば、2,4-ジエチルチオキサントン、2-イソプロピルチオキサントンなど);アントラセン、アルコキシ基含有アントラセン(例えば、ジブトキシアントラセンなど)などのアントラセン化合物;フェノチアジン及びルブレン等が挙げられる。光増感剤は単独又は2種以上組み合わせて使用できる。
レベリング剤は、重合性液晶組成物の流動性を調整し、該重合性液晶組成物を塗布することにより得られる塗膜をより平坦にする機能を有し、具体的には、界面活性剤が挙げられる。重合性液晶組成物(A’)におけるレベリング剤としては、ポリアクリレート化合物を主成分とするレベリング剤及びフッ素原子含有化合物を主成分とするレベリング剤からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種が好ましい。レベリング剤は単独又は2種以上を組み合わせて使用できる。
本発明の偏光板において、偏光子は配向秩序度の高い偏光子であることが好ましい。配向秩序度の高い偏光子は、X線回折測定においてヘキサチック相やクリスタル相といった高次構造由来のブラッグピークが得られる。
本発明において、偏光子層の厚さは適用される表示装置に応じて適宜選択でき、好ましくは0.1~5μmの範囲内の膜であり、より好ましくは0.3~4μmの範囲内であり、さらに好ましくは0.5~3μmの範囲内である。厚さがこの範囲よりも薄くなりすぎると、必要な光吸収が得られない場合があり、かつ、厚さがこの範囲よりも厚くなりすぎると、液晶配向層による配向規制力が低下し、配向欠陥を生じやすい傾向にある。
本発明において偏光子層は、液晶配向層を介して形成されることが好ましい。該液晶配向層は、重合性液晶化合物を所望の方向に液晶配向させる、配向規制力を有するものである。
本発明の偏光板は、図4Bに示すように、前記光学フィルムとは別のフィルム(対向フィルム)として位相差フィルムとを備えてなる偏光板(例えば楕円偏光板)であってもよい。本発明の偏光板において、前記位相差フィルムは、下記リターデーション値(位相差値)を満たすことが好ましい。
〔式中、Ro(550)は波長550nmにおける面内位相差値を表す〕
を満たすことが好ましい。位相差フィルムが上記式Xで表される面内位相差値を有すると、いわゆるλ/4板として機能する。光学性能の観点から、前記式Xは、好ましくは100nm≦Ro(550)≦180nm、さらに好ましくは120nm≦Ro(550)≦160nmである。
式Y Ro(450)/Ro(550)<1
〔式中、Ro(450)及びRo(550)はそれぞれ波長450nm及び550nmにおける面内位相差値を表す〕
を満たすことが好ましい。上記式Yを満たす位相差フィルムは、いわゆる逆波長分散性を有し、優れた偏光性能を示す。Ro(450)/Ro(550)の値は、好ましくは0.93以下であり、より好ましくは0.88以下、さらに好ましくは0.86以下、好ましくは0.80以上、より好ましくは0.82以上である。
(イ)該重合性液晶化合物の長軸方向(a)上にπ電子を有する。
(ウ)長軸方向(a)に対して交差する方向〔交差方向(b)〕上にπ電子を有する。
(エ)長軸方向(a)に存在するπ電子の合計をN(πa)、長軸方向に存在する分子量の合計をN(Aa)として下記式(i)で定義される重合性液晶化合物の長軸方向(a)のπ電子密度:
式(i) D(πa)=N(πa)/N(Aa)
と、交差方向(b)に存在するπ電子の合計をN(πb)、交差方向(b)に存在する分子量の合計をN(Ab)として下記式(ii)で定義される重合性液晶化合物の交差方向(b)のπ電子密度:
式(ii) D(πb)=N(πb)/N(Ab)
とが、0≦〔D(πa)/D(πb)〕≦1
の関係にある〔すなわち、交差方向(b)のπ電子密度が、長軸方向(a)のπ電子密度よりも大きい〕。
本発明の偏光板における接着層は、偏光子層と位相差フィルム、保護層としての光学フィルム、又は各種機能層とを接着できる透明材料であれば材料に特段の限定はない。接着剤の例としては、水系接着剤、感光性接着剤、感圧性接着剤等が挙げられる。
本発明の偏光板ロールの製造方法は、少なくとも光学フィルム、粘着層、及び離型フィルムからなる積層フィルムの前記光学フィルム面側に偏光子を貼合して偏光板を作製する貼合工程、及び前記偏光板を巻き取る巻取り工程、を経て製造される偏光板ロールの製造方法であって、前記粘着層の膜厚が1~10μm未満であり、かつ光学フィルムの膜厚が1~10μm未満であることを特徴とする。
図4Aは、本発明に係る偏光板ロールの層構成の基本的な構成を示す断面図である。また、位相差フィルムや液晶配向層を有していてもよく、これら以外の他の層(粘接着層等)を含んでいてもよい。
本発明の偏光板ロールの製造方法を実施するための装置としては、少なくとも光学フィルム、粘着層、及び離型フィルムからなる積層フィルムの前記光学フィルム面側に偏光子層を貼合して偏光板フィルムを作製する手段、及び前記偏光板フィルムを巻き取る手段を有する装置(図6参照)、又は、積層フィルムの前記光学フィルム面側に、偏光子層を塗工により形成して偏光板フィルムを作製する手段、及び前記偏光板フィルムを巻き取る手段を有する装置であれば良い。
本発明の偏光板ロールは、ガラス板と貼合したガラス板付き偏光板ロールとすることが好ましい。通常、ディスプレイの最表層に用いられるガラス板と偏光板は、どちらも薄膜であるため、それぞれ保護フィルムを必要とする。しかし、本発明の積層フィルムは、偏光子層及びガラス板どちらをも保護する機能を有しているため、ガラス板と偏光板とが一体化した偏光板ロールを作製することにより、保護フィルムを減らし、更に薄く、繰り返しの折り畳み動作に対する耐久性を有したディスプレイを提供することができる。
本発明の表示装置は、本発明の積層フィルムを具備する。本発明の表示装置は、例えば、粘着層を介して本発明の偏光板を表示装置内の基板に貼合することにより得ることができる。基板の厚さは、折り畳み動作に対する耐久性の観点から、10~100μmの範囲内であることが好ましい。基板は、特に限定されないが、ガラス板や熱可塑性樹脂であることが好ましい。表示装置とは、表示機構を有する装置であり、発光源として発光素子又は発光装置を含む。表示装置としては、液晶表示装置、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス(EL)表示装置、無機エレクトロルミネッセンス(EL)表示装置、タッチパネル表示装置、電子放出表示装置(電場放出表示装置(FED等)、表面電界放出表示装置(SED))、電子ペーパー(電子インクや電気泳動素子を用いた表示装置)、プラズマ表示装置、投射型表示装置(グレーティングライトバルブ(GLV)表示装置、デジタルマイクロミラーデバイス(DMD)を有する表示装置等)及び圧電セラミックディスプレイ等が挙げられる。
≪積層フィルムの作製≫
[光学フィルムの作製]
<光学フィルム1の作製>
(支持体)
支持体として、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム(PETフィルム):(東洋紡社製TN100、ノンシリコーン系剥離剤を含む離型層あり、厚さ38μm)を用いた。
下記成分を混合して、光学フィルム1用溶液を得た。
アクリル1:MMA/PMI/MADA共重合体(60/20/20質量比)、Mw:150万、Tg:137℃(なお、略称は、以下を示す。MMA:メタクリル酸メチル、PMI:フェニルマレイミド及びMADA:アクリル酸アダマンチル)
20質量部
ゴム粒子R1 80質量部
分散剤(ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテルリン酸ナトリウム:分子量332)
光学フィルム中に0.006質量%となる添加量を添加
上記支持体の剥離層上に、光学フィルム1用溶液を、バックコート法によりダイを用いて塗布した後、下記の乾燥ステップで光学フィルムの乾燥を行うことで厚さ5μmの光学フィルムを形成し、光学フィルム1を得た。
第1ステップ:40℃で1分
第2ステップ:70℃で1分
第3ステップ:100℃で1分
第4ステップ:130℃で2分
(後乾燥)
第5ステップ:110℃で15分
以下の方法で調製したコア・シェル型ゴム粒子を用いた。
ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテルリン酸 0.002質量部
ホウ酸 0.473質量部
炭酸ナトリウム 0.047質量部
水酸化ナトリウム 0.008質量部
得られた分散液中のゴム粒子の分散粒径を、ゼータ電位・粒径測定システム(大塚電子株式会社製 ELSZ-2000ZS)で測定した。
光学フィルム1の作製において、厚さを表IIのとおりに変化させた以外は同様にして、光学フィルム2~7を作製した。
光学フィルム1の作製において、アクリル1とゴム粒子R1の含有比率を、それぞれ60:40、80:20、15:85、及び10:90と変化させた以外は同様にして、光学フィルム8~11を作製した。
(支持体)
支持体として、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム(PETフィルム):(東洋紡社製TN100、ノンシリコーン系剥離剤を含む剥離層あり、厚さ38μm)を用いた。
下記成分を混合して、光学フィルム12用溶液を得た。
メタノール(沸点65℃): 40質量部
COP1(G7810:JSR(株)製ARTON(登録商標)G7810、Mw:14万、カルボン酸基を有するシクロオレフィン系樹脂)
100質量部
酸化防止剤(Irganox(登録商標)1076:BASF社製:分子量531)
光学フィルム中に0.002質量%となる添加量を添加
上記支持体の剥離層上に、光学フィルム12用溶液を、バックコート法によりダイを用いて塗布した後、下記の乾燥ステップで光学フィルムの乾燥を行うことで厚さ5μmの光学フィルムを形成し、光学フィルム12を得た。
第2ステップ:70℃で1分
第3ステップ:100℃で1分
第4ステップ:130℃で2分
光学フィルム12の作製において、厚さを表IIのとおりに変化させた以外は同様にして、光学フィルム13~16を作製した。
(支持体)
支持体として、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム(PETフィルム):(東洋紡社製TN100、ノンシリコーン系剥離剤を含む剥離層あり、厚さ38μm)を用いた。
(光学フィルム17用溶液の調製)
塩化メチレン(沸点41℃): 860質量部
メタノール(沸点65℃): 40質量部
TAC:アセチル置換度2.9のアセチルセルロース 100質量部
酸化防止剤(Irganox1076:BASF社製:分子量531)
光学フィルム中に0.002質量%となる添加量を添加
(光学フィルム17の作製)
上記支持体の剥離層上に、光学フィルム17用溶液を、バックコート法によりダイを用いて塗布した後、下記の乾燥ステップで光学フィルムの乾燥を行うことで厚さ5μmの光学フィルムを形成し、光学フィルム17を得た。
第2ステップ:70℃で1分
第3ステップ:100℃で1分
第4ステップ:130℃で2分
(支持体)
支持体として、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム(PETフィルム):(東洋紡社製TN100、ノンシリコーン系剥離剤を含む剥離層あり、厚さ38μm)を用いた。
乾燥窒素ガス導入管、冷却器、トルエンを満たしたDean-Stark凝集器、撹拌機を備えた4口フラスコに、下記式で表されるMeO-DABA5.146g(20mmol)を入れ、γ-ブチロラクトン(GBL)20mL及びトルエン10mLを加え、窒素気流下、室温で撹拌した。
塩化メチレン(沸点41℃): 900質量部
ポリイミド1(上記ポリイミド粉体): 100質量部
上記支持体の剥離層上に、光学フィルム18用溶液を、バックコート法によりダイを用いて塗布した後、下記の乾燥ステップで光学フィルムの乾燥を行うことで厚さ5μmの光学フィルムを形成し、光学フィルム18を得た。
第1ステップ:40℃で1分
第2ステップ:70℃で1分
第3ステップ:100℃で1分
第4ステップ:130℃で2分
(後乾燥)
第5ステップ:110℃で15分
(支持体)
支持体として、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム(PETフィルム):(東洋紡社製TN100、ノンシリコーン系剥離剤を含む剥離層あり、厚さ38μm)を用いた。
(光学フィルム19用溶液の調製)
塩化メチレン(沸点41℃): 860質量部
メタノール(沸点65℃): 40質量部
ポリアリレート(U-100:ユニチカ社製): 100質量部
酸化防止剤(Irganox1076:BASF社製:分子量531)
光学フィルム中に0.002質量%となる添加量を添加
(光学フィルム19の作製)
上記支持体の剥離層上に、光学フィルム19用溶液を、バックコート法によりダイを用いて塗布した後、下記の乾燥ステップで光学フィルムの乾燥を行うことで厚さ5μmの光学フィルムを形成し、光学フィルム19を得た。
第2ステップ:70℃で1分
第3ステップ:100℃で1分
第4ステップ:130℃で2分
<粘着フィルム1~11の作製>
(アクリル系共重合体A~Eの合成)
撹拌機、温度計、還流冷却器及び窒素導入管を備えた反応装置に、窒素ガスを封入後、酢酸エチル160質量部及びアセトン10質量部を反応溶剤として用い、ブチルアクリレート(BA)、オクチルアクリレート(OA)、ラウリルアクリレート(LA)、アクリル酸、A-LEN-10(アクリル酸、エトキシ化-o-フェニルフェノールアクリレート、新中村化学社製)、フェノキシエチルアクリレート(PHEA)を下記表Iに示す質量比で混合したモノマー組成に、重合開始剤としてアゾビスイソブチロニトリル(ABN-R)を0.1質量部添加した。そして、これらを撹拌させながら、窒素ガス気流中において、61℃で7時間反応させてアクリル系共重合体A~Eを得た。
反応終了後、酸化防止剤としてイルガノックス(登録商標)B-215(商品名、BASF社製)を0.1質量部、希釈溶剤として酢酸エチルを加えて希釈し、固形分18.2%のアクリル系共重合体溶液A~Eを調製した。合成した共重合体の重量平均分子量はいずれも約150万であった。
上記アクリル系共重合体溶液A~E各100質量部に、イソシアネート系硬化剤であるコロネートL(商品名、東ソー社製)0.3質量部、及び、シランカップリング剤としてエポキシ基末端カップリング剤(KBM-403、信越化学工業社製)0.2質量部を配合し、粘着フィルム形成用塗工液A~Eを得た。
離型フィルムとしての剥離処理されたポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム(PETフィルム)上に、粘着フィルム形成用塗工液Dを、泡抜け後、ドクターブレードを用いて塗布した後、90℃で3分間乾燥し、厚さ15μmの粘着フィルムを形成し、粘着フィルム1を得た。
粘着フィルム1の作製において、厚さを表IIのとおりに変化させた以外は同様にして、粘着フィルム2~7を作製した。
粘着フィルム1の作製において、粘着フィルム形成用塗工液の材料を表IIのとおりに変化させた以外は同様にして、粘着フィルム8~11を作製した。
<積層フィルム101の作製>
上記粘着フィルム1において、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムと接する面とは反対側の面に上記光学フィルム1を貼り合わせ、23℃、50%RH環境下で7日間静置して熟成させて、積層フィルム101を得た。
積層フィルム101の作製において、光学フィルム及び粘着フィルムを表IIのとおりに組み合わせて、積層フィルム102~129を作製した。
[光学フィルムの評価]
<式1で表される厚さ:平坦性>
作製した光学フィルムが、本発明に係る下記式1で表される厚さの範囲を満たすか否かを測定した。
式1: 5<|幅方向の無作為に選択した3点の厚さの平均値(B)-平均膜厚値(A)|/平均膜厚値(A)×100<20(%)
ここで、平均膜厚値(A)はフィルムから無作為に抽出した10点の膜厚値の平均値である。膜厚は、膜厚測定システムとしてF20-UV(フィルメトリクス社製)を用いて計測した。式1内の、|幅方向の無作為に選択した3点の厚さの平均値(B)-平均膜厚値(A)|/平均膜厚値(A)×100(%)、で表される値について評価した。
◎:8%以上~17%未満
○:5%超8%未満、又は17%以上~20%未満
×:5%以下、又は20%以上
作製した光学フィルムを支持体から剥離し、JIS Z-0208:1976に記載の「透湿度試験方法 塩化カルシウム-カップ法」に基づき、40℃、90%RHの条件下で24時間放置して測定した。
<粘着力>
作製した積層フィルムを70mm×25mmの大きさに裁断し、離型フィルムを剥離し、粘着層が厚さ2mmのガラス板と接するように、2kgのローラーを用いて接着させ、23℃、50%RHの条件下で2時間放置した。その後、積層フィルムを、ガラス板面に対して90°方向に300mm/minの速度で引っ張り、粘着力を測定した。
「粘着層の製造方法」に記載した方法と同様にして、離型フィルム上に粘着層を形成し、その上に不織布を貼り合わせた。次いで、離型フィルムを剥離し、不織布を貼り合わせ、粘着層の両面に不織布が貼り合わさるようにした。このシートを用いて、JIS Z-0208:1976に記載の「透湿度試験方法 塩化カルシウム-カップ法」に基づき、40℃、90%RHの条件下で24時間放置して測定した。
<衝撃耐性>
(積層体サンプルの作製)
幅100mm、長さ120mm、厚さ30μmのガラス板(日本電気硝子社製 G-Leaf、OA-10G)の片面表面をメチルエチルケトンで洗浄後、コロナ処理を行い、続けてエポキシ基末端カップリング剤(KBM-403、信越化学工業社製)を塗工し、110℃で5分間熱処理した。カップリング処理されたガラス板の表面に、上記作製した積層フィルム101~129において、離型フィルムを剥離し、粘着層がガラス板と接するように接着させ、積層体サンプル201~229を作製し、以下の評価を行った。評価結果をまとめて、下記表IIIに示す。
◎:10回実施して1回もガラス板が飛散しなかった場合
〇:10回実施してガラス板の飛散が2回以下の場合
×:10回実施してガラス板の飛散が3回以上の場合
(積層体サンプルの作製)
幅150mm、長さ250mmに裁断した上記積層フィルムから離型フィルムを剥離し、ラミネーターロールを用いて、厚さ0.05mmのガラス板の片面に、粘着層とガラス板が接するように貼合して、積層体サンプルを作製した。50℃/5気圧に調整されたオートクレーブ中に20分間保持し、次いで、温度60℃/湿度90%RHの条件下(耐湿熱性)で500時間放置した。
◎:発泡、浮き、剥がれ等の外観不良は観察されなかった
○:発泡、浮き、剥がれ等の外観不良が僅かに観察された
×:発泡、浮き、剥がれ等の外観不良が明らかに観察された
≪偏光板の作製(液晶偏光子層)≫
<偏光子層形成用組成物の調製>
下記の成分を混合し、80℃で1時間攪拌することで、偏光子層形成用組成物を得た。二色性色素には、特開2013-101328号公報の実施例に記載のアゾ色素を用いた。
アゾ色素;
2-ジメチルアミノ-2-ベンジル-1-(4-モルホリノフェニル)ブタン-1-オン(イルガキュア369;チバ・スペシャルティ・ケミカルズ(株)製)
6質量部
ポリアクリレート化合物(BYK-361N;BYK-Chemie社製)
1.2質量部
o-キシレン 400質量部
(光液晶配向層形成用組成物の調製)
特開2013-033249号公報記載の下記成分を混合し、得られた混合物を80℃で1時間攪拌することにより、光液晶配向層形成用組成物を得た。
o-キシレン 98質量部
上記作製した積層フィルム101~129を用いて、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム(支持体4に相当)を剥離して表出した当該光学フィルム層表面にコロナ処理を施した後に、上記光液晶配向層形成用組成物を塗布して、120℃で乾燥して乾燥被膜を得た。この乾燥被膜上に偏光UVを照射して光液晶配向層形成し、光液晶配向層付きフィルムを得た。偏光UV処理は、UV照射装置(ウシオ電機株式会社製 SPOT CURE SP-7)を用いて、波長365nmで測定した強度が100mJの条件で行った。
前記のようにして得た光液晶配向層付き積層フィルム上に、上記偏光子層形成用組成物をバーコート法(#9 30mm/s)により塗布し、120℃の乾燥オーブンにて1分間加熱乾燥することにより重合性液晶化合物を液体相に相転移させた後、室温まで冷却して該重合性液晶化合物をスメクチック液晶状態に相転移させた。
(バリア層(1)形成用硬化性組成物の調製)
下記成分を混合して、バリア層(1)形成用硬化性組成物を調製した。なお、「スミレーズレジン650」の質量部は固形分の質量を示している。
ポリビニルアルコールフィルム((株)クラレ製、「クラレポバール KL318」(
商品名):カルボキシル基変性ポリビニルアルコール)
3質量部
水溶性ポリアミドエポキシ樹脂(住化ケムテックス(株)製、「スミレーズ(登録商標)レジン650」(商品名)、固形分濃度30%の使用液)
1.5質量部
下記成分を混合して、バリア層(2)形成用硬化性組成物を調製した。
32.5質量部
EHPE3150(ダイセル化学(株)製) 17.5質量部
オキセタン化合物OXT221(東亞合成(株)製) 50質量部
重合開始剤CPI-100P(サンアプロ(株)製) 2.5質量部
レベリング剤SH710(東レ・ダウコーニング(株)製)
0.25質量部
<偏光子層の作製>
厚さ25μmのポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを、35℃の水で膨潤させた。得られたフィルムを、ヨウ素0.075g、ヨウ化カリウム5g及び水100gからなる水溶液に60秒間浸漬し、更にヨウ化カリウム3g、ホウ酸7.5g及び水100gからなる45℃の水溶液に浸漬した。得られたフィルムを、延伸温度55℃、延伸倍率5倍の条件で一軸延伸した。この一軸延伸フィルムを、水洗した後、乾燥させて、厚さ12μmの偏光子層を形成した。
下記成分を混合した後、脱泡して、紫外線硬化性接着剤組成物を調製した。
3,4-エポキシシクロヘキシルメチル-3,4-エポキシシクロヘキサンカルボキシレート
45質量部
エポリード(登録商標)GT-301(ダイセル社製の脂環式エポキシ樹脂)
40質量部
1,4-ブタンジオールジグリシジルエーテル 15質量部
トリアリールスルホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート(固形分)
2.3質量部
9,10-ジブトキシアントラセン 0.1質量部
1,4-ジエトキシナフタレン 2.0質量部
なお、トリアリールスルホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェートは、50%プロピレンカーボネート溶液として配合した。
上記作製した積層フィルム104を用いて、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム(支持体4に相当)を剥離して表出した当該光学フィルム層表面に、コロナ出力強度2.0kW、ライン速度18m/分で、それぞれコロナ放電処理を施した。同様に、偏光子保護層としてトリアセチルセルロース(厚さ25μm)を準備し、この表面に、上記と同様の条件でコロナ処理を施した。
なお、紫外線硬化性接着剤層は、上記紫外線硬化性接着剤組成物を用いて形成した。
(ガラス板付き偏光板サンプルの作製)
幅100mm、長さ120mm、厚さ30μmのガラス板(日本電気硝子社製 Dynorex UTG)の片面表面をメチルエチルケトンで洗浄後、コロナ処理を行い、続けてエポキシ基末端カップリング剤(KBM-403、信越化学工業社製)を塗工し、110℃で5分間熱処理した。カップリング処理されたガラス板の表面に、上記作製した偏光板301~330において、離型フィルムを剥離し、粘着層がガラス板と接するように接着させ、ガラス板付き偏光板サンプル401~430を作製し、以下の評価を行ったところ、ガラス板と貼合した積層体と同様の結果が得られた。
180°耐折性試験機(井元製作所製)を用いて耐折性試験を行った。本装置は、恒温槽内で、マンドレルを挟んで片側のチャックが180°曲げを繰り返す機構となっており、マンドレルの直径により折り曲げ半径を変えることができる。フィルム破断すると試験が停止する機構になっている。試験は、上記積層体サンプルを、ガラス板を凹側(内側)/光学フィルムを凸側(外側)の状態で装置にセットし、温度25℃で24時間放置したのち、曲げ角度180°、曲げ半径3mm、曲げ速度1秒/回、重り100gの条件で評価を実施した。折り曲げの回数が20万回に達した後に、折り曲げ部分を含む耐折性試験後の積層体サンプルについて下記のテストを行った。
◎:透過光の濃淡が認められない
○:僅かながら透過光の濃淡が認められる
×:透過光の濃淡が認められる
2 粘着層
3 離型フィルム
4 支持体
11 ガラス板
21 偏光子層
22 液晶配向層
23 位相差フィルム
24 接着層
25 重合性液晶化合物含有層
26 支持体
27 バリア層
28 偏光子保護層
50 積層フィルム
60 積層体
70 偏光板
80 ガラス板付き偏光板
90 ディスプレイ
R 屈曲半径
B110 支持体
B200 製造装置
B210 供給部
B220 塗布部
B230 乾燥部
B240 冷却部
B250 巻き取り部
Claims (14)
- 少なくとも光学フィルム、粘着層、及び離型フィルムからなる積層フィルムであって、
前記光学フィルムの膜厚が、1~10μm未満であり、
かつ前記粘着層の膜厚が、1~10μm未満である
ことを特徴とする積層フィルム。 - 前記光学フィルムの膜厚が、下記式1を満たす
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の積層フィルム。
式1:5<|幅方向の無作為に選択した3点の厚さの平均値(B)-平均膜厚値(A)|/平均膜厚値(A)×100<20 - 前記光学フィルムの水蒸気透過率が、温度40℃、湿度90%RH下において、500~3000g/m2・dayの範囲内である
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の積層フィルム。 - 前記光学フィルムにおけるゴム粒子の含有量が、光学フィルムに対して、40~85質量%の範囲内である
ことを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3までのいずれか一項に記載の積層フィルム。 - 前記離型フィルムを剥離し、前記粘着層を介して基板を貼合したときの、 前記基板に対する粘着力が、3.0N/25mm以上である
ことを特徴とする請求項1から請求項4までのいずれか一項に記載の積層フィルム。 - 前記粘着層が、ガラス用である
ことを特徴とする請求項1から請求項5までのいずれか一項に記載の積層フィルム。 - 前記粘着層の水蒸気透過率が、温度40℃、湿度90%RH下において、800~5000g/m2・dayの範囲内である
ことを特徴とする請求項1から請求項6までのいずれか一項に記載の積層フィルム。 - 前記粘着層の水蒸気透過率が、前記光学フィルムの水蒸気透過率よりも高い
ことを特徴とする請求項1から請求項7までのいずれか一項に記載の積層フィルム。 - 請求項1から請求項8までのいずれか一項に記載の積層フィルムとガラス板が、前記粘着層を介して貼合されている
ことを特徴とする積層体。 - 請求項1から請求項9までのいずれか一項に記載の積層フィルム又は積層体を具備する
ことを特徴とする偏光板。 - 少なくとも光学フィルム、粘着層、及び離型フィルムからなる積層フィルムの前記光学フィルム面側に偏光子を貼合して偏光板を作製する貼合工程、及び前記偏光板を巻き取る巻取り工程、を経て製造される偏光板ロールの製造方法であって、
前記粘着層の膜厚が1μm~10μm未満であり、かつ光学フィルムの膜厚が1μm~10μm未満であることを特徴とする、偏光板ロールの製造方法。 - 前記離型フィルムを、途中の工程で剥離することなく、巻き取る
ことを特徴とする請求項11に記載の偏光板ロールの製造方法。 - 前記偏光板ロールは、少なくとも前記離型フィルム、前記粘着層、前記光学フィルム、及び前記偏光子からなる
ことを特徴とする請求項11又は請求項12に記載の偏光板ロールの製造方法。 - 基板の厚さが、10~100μmの範囲内であり、かつ、
請求項10に記載の偏光板を具備する
ことを特徴とする表示装置。
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CN (1) | CN116761717A (ja) |
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Citations (5)
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JP2004325890A (ja) * | 2003-04-25 | 2004-11-18 | Nitto Denko Corp | 光学機能層、その評価方法、光学素子および画像表示装置 |
JP2017075998A (ja) * | 2015-10-13 | 2017-04-20 | 日東電工株式会社 | 粘着シート、粘着剤層付き偏光板、および画像表示装置 |
JP2018197317A (ja) * | 2017-05-24 | 2018-12-13 | 住友化学株式会社 | 粘着剤組成物 |
JP2020128470A (ja) * | 2019-02-07 | 2020-08-27 | 日東電工株式会社 | 粘着シート、光学積層体、および画像表示装置 |
JP2020164835A (ja) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-10-08 | 住友化学株式会社 | 粘着剤組成物 |
Family Cites Families (1)
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JP6550576B2 (ja) | 2013-09-12 | 2019-07-31 | 小池 康博 | 光学積層体、これを適用した画像表示装置およびタッチパネル |
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- 2022-01-06 JP JP2022574063A patent/JPWO2022149585A1/ja active Pending
- 2022-01-06 KR KR1020237020914A patent/KR20230107357A/ko unknown
- 2022-01-06 CN CN202280009328.2A patent/CN116761717A/zh active Pending
- 2022-01-07 TW TW111100686A patent/TWI821855B/zh active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2004325890A (ja) * | 2003-04-25 | 2004-11-18 | Nitto Denko Corp | 光学機能層、その評価方法、光学素子および画像表示装置 |
JP2017075998A (ja) * | 2015-10-13 | 2017-04-20 | 日東電工株式会社 | 粘着シート、粘着剤層付き偏光板、および画像表示装置 |
JP2018197317A (ja) * | 2017-05-24 | 2018-12-13 | 住友化学株式会社 | 粘着剤組成物 |
JP2020128470A (ja) * | 2019-02-07 | 2020-08-27 | 日東電工株式会社 | 粘着シート、光学積層体、および画像表示装置 |
JP2020164835A (ja) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-10-08 | 住友化学株式会社 | 粘着剤組成物 |
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TW202243890A (zh) | 2022-11-16 |
TWI821855B (zh) | 2023-11-11 |
KR20230107357A (ko) | 2023-07-14 |
CN116761717A (zh) | 2023-09-15 |
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