WO2022141986A1 - 一种收割机送风系统 - Google Patents

一种收割机送风系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022141986A1
WO2022141986A1 PCT/CN2021/089962 CN2021089962W WO2022141986A1 WO 2022141986 A1 WO2022141986 A1 WO 2022141986A1 CN 2021089962 W CN2021089962 W CN 2021089962W WO 2022141986 A1 WO2022141986 A1 WO 2022141986A1
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Prior art keywords
fan
air
air outlet
harvester
fixed
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PCT/CN2021/089962
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王军
邢立成
吴江伟
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江苏沃得农业机械股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022141986A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022141986A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00—Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/44—Grain cleaners; Grain separators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00—Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/48—Air conduits or blowers for grain

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to an air supply system for a harvester.
  • Crawler-type combine harvester threshing system can be divided into crawler-type combine harvester threshing system can be divided into longitudinal axial flow threshing and cleaning system and horizontal axial flow threshing and cleaning system, these two forms of threshing and cleaning system are currently the market
  • crawler-type combine harvester threshing system can be divided into longitudinal axial flow threshing and cleaning system and horizontal axial flow threshing and cleaning system
  • the interior of the harvester is mainly divided into a threshing system, a screening system and an air selection system from top to bottom.
  • the function of the air selection system is to continuously blow air towards the rear of the harvester, and the air blows through the drop area of the crop seeds and the mesh screen in the screening system.
  • the surface of the harvester is blown out to the rear opening of the harvester, so as to collect the crop grains with high cleanliness.
  • the existing horizontal axial flow threshing and cleaning system due to the inner width of the horizontal axial flow double drum type threshing machine, that is, the working area of the threshing drum is wide, so the lower air separation system needs to provide a larger air volume and larger air volume.
  • the existing air selection system is a single fan, which cannot meet this requirement, and while increasing the air volume, how to avoid the cyclone at the tail discharge port of the harvester from affecting the cleanliness of crop grains is also an urgent solution. question.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present application is to overcome the low efficiency of the air separation system in the prior art.
  • an air supply system for a harvester including:
  • a fan which has an air outlet
  • An air supply channel is formed between the bottom shell at the lower part of the harvester and the upper threshing system
  • the bottom casing includes a fan casing, a grain bottom casing, a miscellaneous bottom casing and a screen frame of a vibrating screen that are continuously arranged in sequence;
  • a tail cover is installed at the tail end of the threshing system far from the fan; a discharge port is formed between the tail cover and the screen frame; the wind is directed towards the discharge opening;
  • the height of the discharge port is higher than the height of the air outlet;
  • the air outlet is inclined toward the discharge port;
  • the fan housing, the grain bottom shell, the miscellaneous bottom shell and the screen The frame is inclined and gradually increased from the side of the air outlet toward the discharge port;
  • the fan casing has a cylindrical installation cavity
  • Both ends of the fan casing in the axial direction are respectively provided with first air inlets communicating with the outside world;
  • a second air inlet is provided on the side wall of the fan casing opposite to the air outlet along its circumferential direction; in the axial direction of the fan casing, the second air inlet is located in the fan the middle position of the shell.
  • two air guides are arranged at intervals in the vertical direction to form three air outlet branches; the two air guides are respectively installed on the frame in a reversible manner, and are suitable for turning over respectively to change the three air outlets.
  • the choke includes:
  • the fan also includes:
  • the fan is driven, connected to the fan structure, and adapted to drive the fan structure to rotate in the installation cavity.
  • any one of the first air inlets is provided with two wind shields; one of the wind shields is arranged on one side of the first air inlet and is located on the side of the air outlet, and is suitable for lateral sliding and partially shielding the first air inlet.
  • the other wind shield is arranged on the side of the first air inlet away from the air outlet, and is suitable for sliding vertically and partially shielding the lower half of the first air inlet.
  • a strip hole is formed on the wind shield; the wind shield is bolted and fixed on the fan casing through the strip hole.
  • the fan structure includes:
  • the fan shaft is coaxially arranged in the installation cavity, and the two ends of the fan shaft are respectively fixed on two bearings located on the frame;
  • a plurality of support units are fixed on the fan shaft at even intervals
  • Any of the supporting units includes:
  • a plurality of fan blade brackets are sequentially connected and fixed on the fan shaft along the circumferential direction of the fan shaft; the fan blades are respectively bolted and fixed on the fan blade bracket; all the fan blade brackets surround A regular polygon is formed, and the regular polygon circumscribes the circle of the cross section of the fan shaft.
  • the fan blade bracket is bent and arranged to form a fixed section and an installation section; the end of the installation section is suitable for installing the fan blade; the angle ⁇ formed between the fixed section and the installation section and the fan blade
  • the interior angles ⁇ of the regular polygon enclosed by the leaf support are complementary.
  • a flat slot is set on the fan shaft corresponding to any one of the supporting units; one of the fan blade supports is fixed in the flat slot.
  • It also includes a reinforcing plate, which is welded and fixed in the flat groove; the fan blade bracket is fixed on the upper surface of the reinforcing plate; the thickness of the reinforcing plate is the same as the groove depth of the flat groove; The width of the plate in the radial direction of the fan shaft is not greater than the diameter of the fan shaft.
  • the harvester air supply system provided in this application includes a fan, an air supply channel, a tail cover and a flow blocking piece.
  • An air supply channel is formed between the bottom shell located at the lower part of the harvester and the upper threshing system, and the bottom shell includes the fan shell, the grain bottom shell, the miscellaneous bottom shell and the screen frame of the vibrating screen which are successively arranged in sequence.
  • a tail cover is installed at the rear end of the threshing system away from the fan, a discharge port is formed between the tail cover and the screen frame, and a blocking member is arranged between the tail cover and the vibrating screen to guide the supply air toward the discharge port.
  • the height of the discharge port is higher than the height of the air outlet, the air outlet is inclined toward the discharge port, and the fan housing, grain bottom shell, miscellaneous bottom shell and screen frame are inclined from the air outlet side toward the discharge port And gradually increase the setting, the two ends of the fan casing are respectively provided with first air inlets that communicate with the outside world, and the side wall opposite to the air outlet in the middle of the fan casing is provided with a second air inlet along its circumferential direction, passing through the fan casing. Three air inlets evenly distributed on the body supply air, so that the air volume in the fan is uniform and stable.
  • the air outlet is gradually increased towards the discharge port to improve the circulation, and the baffle is installed on the tail cover to guide the supply air toward the discharge port, so as to avoid the return air from entering the threshing system and the screening system, which will affect the cleanliness of crops.
  • the air supply system has a compact and stable structure, sufficient air volume, and no return air effect, which greatly improves the air selection efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram 1 of an air supply system in an embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 2 is the second structural schematic diagram of the air supply system in the embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a flow blocking member in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fan casing in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the windshield in the embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fan structure in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a fan shaft in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a fan structure in an embodiment of the present application.
  • 3f fan housing; 31f, first air inlet; 32f, second air inlet; 33f, air outlet;
  • the terms “installed”, “connected” and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection Connection, or integral connection; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be internal communication between two elements.
  • installed should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection Connection, or integral connection; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be internal communication between two elements.
  • This embodiment provides an air supply system for a harvester, as shown in FIG. 1 , including a fan, an air supply channel, a tail cover 2j and a flow blocking member 3j.
  • An air supply channel is formed between the bottom shell located at the lower part of the harvester and the upper threshing system, and the bottom shell includes the fan shell 3f, the grain bottom shell 5e, the miscellaneous bottom shell 6e and the screen frame 1h of the vibrating screen, which are successively arranged in sequence.
  • the threshing system includes a first drum 2a and a second drum 3a arranged at horizontal intervals.
  • the tail end of the threshing system far from the fan that is, the side of the second drum 3a close to the discharge port 5j, is installed with a tail cover 2j, a discharge port 5j is formed between the tail cover 2j and the screen frame 1h, and a flow resistance is set between the tail cover 2j and the vibrating screen 3j to direct the supply air toward the discharge port 5j.
  • the height of the discharge port 5j is higher than the height of the air outlet 33f.
  • the air outlet 33f is disposed obliquely upward.
  • the screen frame 1h is inclined from the side of the air outlet 33f toward the discharge port 5j and is gradually increased.
  • the two ends of the fan casing 3f are respectively provided with first air inlets 31f that communicate with the outside world, and the middle of the fan casing 3f is opposite to the air outlet 33f.
  • the side wall of the fan is provided with a second air inlet 32f along its circumferential direction, and air is supplied through three air inlets evenly distributed on the fan casing 3f, so that the air volume in the fan is uniform and stable.
  • the air outlet 33f is gradually increased toward the discharge port 5j to improve the flowability, and the baffle 3j is installed on the tail cover 2j to guide the supply air toward the discharge port 5j, so as to prevent the return air from entering the threshing system and the screening system, affecting the cleanliness of crops.
  • the air supply system has a compact and stable structure, sufficient air volume, and no return air effect, which greatly improves the air selection efficiency.
  • the air guide member is a plate-like structure, which is an upper air guide plate 41j located above and a lower air guide plate 42j located below.
  • the two air guides are respectively mounted on the rack 1 in a rotatable manner, and are adapted to be respectively turned over to change the air outlet direction and air outlet area of the three air outlet branches.
  • the two ends of the two air guides are respectively fixed on two fixing points (not shown in the figure) of the frame 1 by two bolts, one of which is a waist-shaped hole with an arc, and the air guides can be Swing the angle around another fixed point, and lock the air guide in the waist-shaped hole when it swings to a suitable position.
  • each fixed point corresponds to a strip hole, and the fixed positions of the two fixed points are different, so as to realize the adjustment of the angle between the air guide and the horizontal plane.
  • the tail cover 2j is arranged in a folded manner, a rear sealing plate 1j is arranged between the tail cover 2j and the second drum 3a, the rear sealing plate 1j is horizontally arranged, and the tail cover 2j is hingedly arranged on the rear sealing plate 1j. On the plate 1j, it is suitable for flipping up and opening.
  • a cavity is formed between the tail cover 2j and the lower screen frame 1h, and the flow blocking member 3j is arranged in the cavity. As shown in FIG.
  • the baffle 3j includes a threshing sealing plate 31j horizontally fixed on the side of the second drum 3a close to the discharge port 5j, the threshing sealing plate 31j is arranged in parallel with the upper rear sealing plate 1j, and is arranged on the threshing sealing plate
  • the tail cover sealing plate 32j between 31j and the end of the tail cover 2j, the lower surface of the threshing sealing plate 31j and the tail cover sealing plate 32j form an air guide surface, so as to prevent the wind blown by the fan from rising through the surface of the screen frame 1h and then entering the tail cover 2j and the tail cover 2j and the tail cover.
  • the tail cowl sealing plate 32j is provided in two sections hinged to each other, and the tail cowl sealing plate 32j and the threshing sealing plate 31j are hingedly arranged, so that the tail cowl sealing plate 32j can be simultaneously driven when the tail cowl 2j is opened upwards. Rotate upward to avoid the need to disassemble the tail cover sealing plate 32j first when the tail cover 2j is flipped upward and opened, which leads to complicated operation and affects the efficiency.
  • the fan includes a fan casing 3f, a fan structure, and a fan drive.
  • the fan structure is installed in the cylindrical installation cavity of the fan casing 3f, and the two ends of the fan casing 3f in the axial direction are respectively provided with first air inlets 31f which communicate with the outside world.
  • the first air inlet 31f is a circular air inlet and is arranged concentrically with the cross section of the cylindrical installation cavity.
  • An air outlet 33f is provided on the side wall of the fan housing 3f along its axial direction, and the width of the air outlet 33f is the same as that of the installation cavity.
  • An air guide structure can be installed on the air outlet 33f, so as to guide the air to blow in a set direction.
  • a second air inlet 32f is provided on the side wall of the fan casing 3f opposite to the air outlet 33f along the circumferential direction of the fan casing 3f.
  • the projection of the second air inlet 32f on the horizontal plane is a square.
  • the second air inlet 32f is located at the middle position of the fan casing 3f.
  • the second air inlet 32f is located on the fan housing 3f obliquely above the air outlet 33f.
  • a second air inlet 32f is opened in the middle of the casing, and cooperates with the first air inlets 31f at both ends of the fan casing 3f to form three air inlets evenly distributed on the fan casing 3f, providing sufficient air intake volume and making the air intake more even.
  • each first air inlet 31f on both sides is provided with a wind shield.
  • the wind shield is a plate-like structure, and each first air inlet 31f is correspondingly provided with two shields.
  • the two wind shields are respectively a first wind shield 51i disposed on the side close to the air outlet 33f and located on the upper half of the first air inlet 31f, and a first wind shield 51i disposed on a side away from the air outlet 33f.
  • the casing of the rack 1 is provided with a communication port corresponding to the first air inlet 31f to communicate with the outside world.
  • the size of the communication port is the same as that of the first air inlet 31f.
  • the first air baffle 51i and the second air baffle 52i are respectively provided with strip holes, and the corresponding fan casing 3f and the rack 1 is provided with matching holes, and the strip-shaped holes on the first wind deflector 51i are arranged horizontally, so that the first wind deflector 51i can slide laterally and partially block the upper half of the first air inlet 31f.
  • the strip holes on the second wind deflector 52i are arranged vertically, so that the second wind deflector 52i can slide vertically and partially block the lower half of the first air inlet 31f.
  • the air intake area of the air inlet 31f changes the air intake volume under different working conditions to make it applicable to a wider range.
  • the fan structure includes a fan shaft 1i, several supporting units and a plurality of fan blades 2i.
  • both ends of the fan shaft 1i protrude from the first air inlet 31f and are rotatably fixed in the bearing seat on the frame 1 .
  • one end of the fan shaft 1i is installed with a driving pulley, which is used to connect the transmission shaft and provide the driving force for the rotation of the fan structure.
  • the fan is driven by a belt drive.
  • each support unit includes a plurality of fan blade brackets 3i, along the circumference of the fan shaft 1i The fan blades 2i are bolted and fixed to the fan blade brackets 3i respectively.
  • the fan blade bracket 3i is a plate-like structure, and the fan blade bracket 3i is bent to form a fixed section 32i and an installation section 31i.
  • the fixed section 32i of one fan blade bracket 3i is bolted and fixed to the other.
  • a plurality of fan blade brackets 3i are connected end to end in sequence, forming a polygon around the fan shaft 1i, and the polygon circumscribes the circle of the cross section of the fan shaft 1i.
  • the plurality of fan blade brackets 3i are fixed around the fan shaft 1i by means of bolting, the structure is simple and stable, and the parts are easily and quickly disassembled and replaced.
  • All fan blade supports 3i in any supporting unit form a regular polygon, and the included angle ⁇ formed between the fixed segment 32i and the mounting segment 31i is complementary to the interior angle ⁇ of the regular polygon.
  • four fan blade brackets 3i are arranged in any supporting unit, and the fixed section 32i and the installation section 31i in each fan blade bracket 3i are arranged at right angles, and together they enclose an outer circumference.
  • the cross-sectional circle of the fan shaft 1i is a square.
  • a flat groove 11i is formed on the fan shaft 1i corresponding to any support unit, and a reinforcing plate 4i is welded in the flat groove 11i.
  • the thickness of the reinforcing plate 4i is the same as the groove depth of the flat groove 11i. , that is, the upper surface of the reinforcing plate 4i is in a tangent state with the circle of the cross section of the fan shaft 1i, and the width of the reinforcing plate 4i along the radial direction of the fan shaft 1i is not greater than the diameter of the fan shaft 1i, that is, it is avoided to be larger than the fan blade bracket 3i.
  • the side length of the square makes it impossible to assemble.
  • the width of the reinforcing plate 4i is the same as the width of the flat groove 11i.
  • the position of the flat groove 11i further avoids relative sliding between the fan blade bracket 3i and the fan shaft 1i due to the small clamping force of the fan blade bracket 3i fixed on the fan shaft 1i.
  • each fan The blade 2i spans the two support units and is bolted to the mounting sections 31i of the two blade brackets 3i.
  • the fan blades 2i on the two supporting units on the right are the same as those on the left, and the specific structures are not repeated here.
  • the fan blades 2i on the left and right sides form two parallel fan structures, and more air inlet channels can be provided between the two fan structures, so that the fan has a large air supply area and uniform air supply.
  • a plurality of flat grooves 11i may be opened on the fan shaft 1i, and the flat grooves 11i are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the fan blade brackets 3i, and the fan blade brackets 3i are directly embedded in the corresponding
  • the flat grooves 11i are bolted end to end and locked on the fan shaft 1i.

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Abstract

一种收割机送风系统，包括风机、送风通道、尾罩（2j）和阻流件（3j）。在竖直方向上，排放口（5j）的高度高于出风口（33f）的高度，出风口（33f）朝向排放口（5j）倾斜设置，风机壳体（3f）、籽粒底壳（5e）、杂余底壳（6e）和筛框（1h）自出风口（33f）一侧朝向排放口（5j）倾斜并逐渐增高设置，风机壳体（3f）的两端分别开设与外界连通的第一进风口（31f），风机壳体（3f）中间与出风口（33f）相对的侧壁上沿其周向开设第二进风口（32f）。该送风系统结构紧凑稳定，风量充足，无回风影响，大大提高风选效率。

Description

一种收割机送风系统 技术领域
本申请涉及农业机械技术领域，具体涉及一种收割机送风系统。
背景技术
履带式联合收割机脱粒系统可分为履带式联合收割机脱粒系统可分为纵轴流式脱粒清选系统与横轴流式脱粒清选系统，此两种形式的脱粒清选系统为目前市场上使用的主要结构形式。
收割机内部自上而下主要分为脱粒系统、筛选系统和风选系统，风选系统的作用是朝向收割机尾部持续不断的吹风，吹风通过作物籽粒的掉落区以及筛选系统中的网孔筛面，将比作物籽粒重量轻的碎草、绒毛等杂余向收割机尾部开口吹出，以便收集到洁净度高的作物籽粒。
现有的横轴流式脱粒清选系统中，因横轴流双滚筒机型脱粒机的内档宽，即脱粒滚筒的工作区宽，因此下方风选系统需要提供更大的风量及更大的风选覆盖范围，现有的风选系统均为单一风机，无法满足该要求，且在提高风量的同时，如何避免收割机尾部排放口处的回旋风影响作物籽粒的洁净度也是亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
因此，本申请要解决的技术问题在于克服现有技术中的风选系统效率低。
为此，本申请提出一种收割机送风系统，包括：
风机，其具有出风口；
位于收割机下部的底壳与上部的脱粒系统之间形成送风通道；
所述底壳包括依次连续设置的风机壳体、籽粒底壳、杂余底壳和振动筛的筛框；
远离所述风机的所述脱粒系统的尾端安装尾罩；所述尾罩与所述筛框之间形成排放口；所述尾罩与所述振动筛之间设置阻流件，以将送风朝向所述排放口导向；
在竖直方向上，所述排放口的高度高于所述出风口的高度；所述出风口朝向所述排放口倾斜设置；所述风机壳体、籽粒底壳、杂余底壳和筛框自所述出风口一侧朝向所述排放口倾斜并逐渐增高设置；
所述风机壳体具有圆柱型安装腔；
所述风机壳体轴向方向的两端分别开设与外界连通的第一进风口；
所述风机壳体上与所述出风口相对的侧壁上沿其周向开设第二进风口；在所述风机壳体的轴向上，所述第二进风口位于所述风机壳体的中间位置。
所述出风口内在竖直方向上间隔设置两个导风件，形成三个出风支路；两个所述导风件分别可翻转地安装在机架上，并适于各自翻转以改变三个所述出风支路的出风方向和出风面积。
所述阻流件包括：
水平固定在所述脱粒系统尾部的脱粒封板，以及设置在所述脱粒封板与所述尾罩末端之间的尾罩封板；所述脱粒封板和所述尾罩封板的下表面形成导风面。
所述风机还包括：
风扇结构，同轴设置在所述安装腔内；
风机驱动，连接所述风扇结构，适于驱动所述风扇结构在所述安装腔内转动。
任一所述第一进风口上设置两个挡风件；其一所述挡风件设置在所述第一进风口位于所述出风口一侧，适于横向滑动并局部遮挡所述第一进风 口的上半部；
另一所述挡风件设置在所述第一进风口远离所述出风口一侧，适于竖向滑动并局部遮挡所述第一进风口的下半部。
所述挡风件上开设条形孔；所述挡风件通过所述条形孔栓接固定在所述风机壳体上。
所述风扇结构包括：
风扇轴，同轴设置在所述安装腔内，且其两端分别固定在位于机架上的两个轴承上；
若干支撑单元，均匀间隔固定在所述风扇轴上；
多个扇叶，固定在所述支撑单元上；
任一所述支撑单元包括：
多个扇叶支架，沿所述风扇轴的周向顺序连接固定并锁止在所述风扇轴上；所述扇叶分别栓接固定在所述扇叶支架上；所有所述扇叶支架围成正多边形，且该正多边形外切于所述风扇轴横截面的圆。
所述扇叶支架折弯设置形成固定段和安装段；所述安装段的端部适于安装所述扇叶；所述固定段与所述安装段之间形成的夹角α与所述扇叶支架围成的正多边形的内角β互补。
任一所述支撑单元对应的所述风扇轴上开设一个平口槽；其一所述扇叶支架固定在所述平口槽内。
还包括加强板，焊接固定在所述平口槽内；所述扇叶支架固定在所述加强板的上表面上；所述加强板的厚度与所述平口槽的槽深尺寸相同；所述加强板沿所述风扇轴径向的宽度不大于所述风扇轴的直径。
本申请技术方案，具有如下优点：
1.本申请提供的收割机送风系统，包括风机、送风通道、尾罩和阻流件。位于收割机下部的底壳与上部的脱粒系统之间形成送风通道，底壳包 括依次连续设置的风机壳体、籽粒底壳、杂余底壳和振动筛的筛框。远离风机的脱粒系统的尾端安装尾罩，尾罩与筛框之间形成排放口，尾罩与振动筛之间设置阻流件，以将送风朝向排放口导向。
在竖直方向上，排放口的高度高于出风口的高度，出风口朝向排放口倾斜设置，风机壳体、籽粒底壳、杂余底壳和筛框自出风口一侧朝向排放口倾斜并逐渐增高设置，风机壳体的两端分别开设与外界连通的第一进风口，风机壳体中间与出风口相对的侧壁上沿其周向开设第二进风口，通过风机壳体上均匀分布的三处进风口供风，使得风机内风量均匀稳定。出风口朝向排放口逐渐增高设置以提高流通性，并且在尾罩上安装阻流件将送风朝向排放口导向，避免回风进入脱粒系统和筛选系统，影响作物洁净度。送风系统结构紧凑稳定，风量充足，无回风影响，大大提高风选效率。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例中送风系统的结构示意图一；
图2为本申请实施例中送风系统的结构示意图二；
图3为本申请实施例中阻流件的结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例中风机壳体的结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例中挡风件的安装结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例中风扇结构的横截面示意图；
图7为本申请实施例中风扇轴的结构示意图；
图8为本申请实施例中风扇结构的立体图。
附图标记说明：
1、机架；2a、第一滚筒；3a、第二滚筒；
5e、籽粒底壳；6e、杂余底壳；
3f、风机壳体；31f、第一进风口；32f、第二进风口；33f、出风口；
1h、筛框；
1i、风扇轴；11i、平口槽；2i、扇叶；3i、扇叶支架；31i、安装段；32i、固定段；4i、加强板；51i、第一挡风板；52i、第二挡风板；
1j、后封板；2j、尾罩；3j、阻流件；31j、脱粒封板；32j、尾罩封板；41j、上导风板；42j、下导风板；5j、排放口。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅 用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
此外，下面所描述的本申请不同实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互结合。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种收割机送风系统，如图1所示，包括风机、送风通道、尾罩2j和阻流件3j。位于收割机下部的底壳与上部的脱粒系统之间形成送风通道，底壳包括依次连续设置的风机壳体3f、籽粒底壳5e、杂余底壳6e和振动筛的筛框1h，脱粒系统包括水平间隔排列的第一滚筒2a和第二滚筒3a。远离风机的脱粒系统的尾端，即第二滚筒3a靠近排放口5j一侧安装尾罩2j，尾罩2j与筛框1h之间形成排放口5j，尾罩2j与振动筛之间设置阻流件3j，以将送风朝向排放口5j导向。
在竖直方向上，排放口5j的高度高于出风口33f的高度，如图2所示，出风口33f朝向斜上方设置，风机壳体3f、籽粒底壳5e、杂余底壳6e和筛框1h自出风口33f一侧朝向排放口5j倾斜并逐渐增高设置，风机壳体3f的两端分别开设与外界连通的第一进风口31f，风机壳体3f中间与出风 口33f相对的侧壁上沿其周向开设第二进风口32f，通过风机壳体3f上均匀分布的三处进风口供风，使得风机内风量均匀稳定。出风口33f朝向排放口5j逐渐增高设置以提高流通性，并且在尾罩2j上安装阻流件3j将送风朝向排放口5j导向，避免回风进入脱粒系统和筛选系统，影响作物洁净度。送风系统结构紧凑稳定，风量充足，无回风影响，大大提高风选效率。
如图2所示，出风口33f内在竖直方向上间隔设置两个导风件，将出风口33f间隔形成三个出风支路。本实施例中，导风件为板状结构，分别为位于上方的上导风板41j和位于下方的下导风板42j。两个导风件分别可翻转地安装在机架1上，并适于各自翻转以改变三个所述出风支路的出风方向和出风面积。例如，两个导风件的两端分别通过两个螺栓固定在机架1的两个固定点(图中未示出)上，其中一个固定点为具有弧度的腰形孔，导风件可以绕另一固定点摆动角度，摆动到合适位置时，将导风件锁止在腰型孔内。也可以是每个固定点对应一个条形孔，两个固定点固定的位置不同，以实现导风件与水平面所呈角度的调节，该类翻转调节为常规结构，在此不再赘述。
本实施例中，如图1所示，尾罩2j呈折弯设置，尾罩2j与第二滚筒3a之间设置后封板1j，后封板1j水平设置，尾罩2j铰接设置在后封板1j上，适于向上翻转打开。尾罩2j与下方筛框1h之间形成空腔，阻流件3j设置在该空腔内。如图3所示，阻流件3j包括水平固定在第二滚筒3a靠近排放口5j一侧的脱粒封板31j，脱粒封板31j平行与上方的后封板1j设置，以及设置在脱粒封板31j与尾罩2j末端之间的尾罩封板32j，脱粒封板31j和尾罩封板32j的下表面形成导风面，避免风机吹出的风经筛框1h 表面上扬后进入尾罩2j与筛框1h之间的空腔，并沿空墙壁回转进入脱粒系统或筛选系统，影响作物洁净度和风选的效率。本实施例中，尾罩封板32j呈相互铰接的两段板面设置，且尾罩封板32j与脱粒封板31j铰接设置，以便于尾罩2j向上打开时能够同时带动尾罩封板32j向上转动，避免在尾罩2j向上翻转打开时需要先拆卸尾罩封板32j，导致操作繁琐，影响效率。
如图4和图5所示，风机包括风机壳体3f、风扇结构以及风机驱动。
风扇结构安装在风机壳体3f的圆柱型安装腔内，风机壳体3f轴向方向的两端分别开设与外界连通的第一进风口31f。第一进风口31f为圆形进风口，与圆柱型安装腔的横截面同心设置。风机壳体3f的侧壁上沿其轴向开设出风口33f，出风口33f的宽度与安装腔的宽度相同。出风口33f上可以安装导风结构，以便于引导出风朝向设定的方向吹送。
如图4所示，风机壳体3f上与出风口33f相对的侧壁上沿风机壳体3f的周向开设第二进风口32f。第二进风口32f在水平面上的投影为方形。在风机壳体3f的轴向上，第二进风口32f位于风机壳体3f的中间位置。本实施例中，第二进风口32f位于出风口33f斜上方的风机壳体3f上。在壳体中间开设第二进风口32f，配合风机壳体3f两端的第一进风口31f，形成均匀分布在风机壳体3f上的三处进风口，提供足够的进风量同时使得进风更均匀。
如图5所示，两侧的每个第一进风口31f上均设置挡风件，本实施例中，挡风件为板状结构，且每个第一进风口31f上对应设置两个挡风件，如图5所示，两个挡风件分别为设置在靠近出风口33f一侧并位于第一进风口31f上半部的第一挡风板51i，和设置在远离出风口33f一侧并位于第 一进风口31f下半部的第二挡风板52i。本实施例中，机架1的壳体上对应第一进风口31f开设与外界连通的连通口，连通口的大小与第一进风口31f的大小相同，风机壳体3f两端抵靠在机架1的壳体上，且第一进风口31f与连通口正对，第一挡风板51i和第二挡风板52i上分别开设条形孔，对应的风机壳体3f和机架1上开设配合孔，第一挡风板51i上的条形孔水平设置，以便于第一挡风板51i横向滑动并局部遮挡第一进风口31f的上半部。第二挡风板52i上的条形孔竖直设置，以便于第二挡风板52i竖向滑动并局部遮挡第一进风口31f的下半部，通过挡风件的遮挡，以调节第一进风口31f的进风面积，在不同的工况条件下，改变进风量，使其适用范围更广。
如图8所示，风扇结构包括风扇轴1i、若干支撑单元和多个扇叶2i。如图5所示，风扇轴1i两端伸出第一进风口31f，并可转动地固定在位于机架1上的轴承座内。且风扇轴1i的其中一端安装驱动带轮，用于连接传动轴，提供风扇结构旋转的驱动力，本实施例中，风扇驱动采用皮带传动。
如图8所示，支撑单元均匀间隔固定在风扇轴1i上，扇叶2i固定在支撑单元上，如图6所示，每个支撑单元包括多个扇叶支架3i，沿风扇轴1i的周向顺序栓接固定并锁止在风扇轴1i上，扇叶2i分别栓接固定在扇叶支架3i上。
本实施例中，扇叶支架3i为板状结构，扇叶支架3i折弯形成固定段32i和安装段31i，同一支撑单元中，其一扇叶支架3i的固定段32i栓接固定在另一扇叶支架3i的安装段31i上，多个扇叶支架3i依次首尾相接，在风扇轴1i的周向围成多边形，且该多边形外切于风扇轴1i横截面的圆。 通过栓接的方式将多个扇叶支架3i围绕风扇轴1i固定，结构简单稳定，零部件拆卸方便快捷，易于更换。
任一支撑单元中所有扇叶支架3i围成正多边形，固定段32i与安装段31i之间形成的夹角α与正多边形的内角β互补。如图6或图8所示，本实施例中，任一支撑单元中设置四个扇叶支架3i，每个扇叶支架3i中的固定段32i和安装段31i呈直角设置，共同围成外接于风扇轴1i的截面圆的正方形。
本实施例中，如图7所示，任一支撑单元对应的风扇轴1i上开设一个平口槽11i，平口槽11i内焊接加强板4i，加强板4i的厚度与平口槽11i的槽深尺寸相同，即加强板4i的上表面与风扇轴1i横截面的圆呈相切状态，同时加强板4i沿风扇轴1i径向的宽度不大于风扇轴1i的直径，即避免大于扇叶支架3i围成的正方形的边长，导致无法装配。本实施例中，加强板4i的宽度与平口槽11i的宽度尺寸相同。通过平口槽11i的限位，进一步避免了由于扇叶支架3i固定在风扇轴1i上的夹持力较小造成扇叶支架3i与风扇轴1i之间产生相对滑动。
如图8所示，本实施例中，风扇轴1i上依次间隔设置四个支撑单元，位于左侧的两个支撑单元上设置四片扇叶2i，扇叶2i为片状结构，每片扇叶2i跨接两个支撑单元并栓接固定在两个扇叶支架3i的安装段31i上。位于右侧的两个支撑单元上的扇叶2i设置与左侧相同，具体结构在此不再赘述。左右两侧扇叶2i形成并列的两组风扇结构，两组风扇结构之间能够提供更多的进风通道，使得风扇送风面积大且送风均匀。
作为实施例1的第一个可替换的实施方式，在风扇轴1i上可以开设多 个平口槽11i，且平口槽11i与扇叶支架3i一一对应设置，扇叶支架3i直接对应嵌设在平口槽11i内，并依次首尾栓接，锁止在风扇轴1i上。
显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例，而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本申请的保护范围之中。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种收割机送风系统，其特征在于，包括：
    风机，其具有出风口(33f)；
    位于收割机下部的底壳与上部的脱粒系统之间形成送风通道；
    所述底壳包括依次连续设置的风机壳体(3f)、籽粒底壳(5e)、杂余底壳(6e)和振动筛的筛框(1h)；
    远离所述风机的所述脱粒系统的尾端安装尾罩(2j)；所述尾罩(2j)与所述筛框(1h)之间形成排放口(5j)；所述尾罩(2j)与所述振动筛之间设置阻流件(3j)，以将送风朝向所述排放口(5j)导向；
    在竖直方向上，所述排放口(5j)的高度高于所述出风口(33f)的高度；所述出风口(33f)朝向所述排放口(5j)倾斜设置；所述风机壳体(3f)、籽粒底壳(5e)、杂余底壳(6e)和筛框(1h)自所述出风口(33f)一侧朝向所述排放口(5j)倾斜并逐渐增高设置；
    所述风机壳体(3f)具有圆柱型安装腔；
    所述风机壳体(3f)轴向方向的两端分别开设与外界连通的第一进风口(31f)；
    所述风机壳体(3f)上与所述出风口(33f)相对的侧壁上沿其周向开设第二进风口(32f)；在所述风机壳体(3f)的轴向上，所述第二进风口(32f)位于所述风机壳体(3f)的中间位置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的收割机送风系统，其特征在于，所述出风口(33f)内在竖直方向上间隔设置两个导风件，形成三个出风支路；两个所述导风件分别可翻转地安装在机架(1)上，并适于各自翻转以改变三个所述出风支路的出风方向和出风面积。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的收割机送风系统，其特征在于，所述阻流件(3j)包括：
    水平固定在所述脱粒系统尾部的脱粒封板(31j)，以及设置在所述脱粒 封板(31j)与所述尾罩(2j)末端之间的尾罩封板(32j)；所述脱粒封板(31j)和所述尾罩封板(32j)的下表面形成导风面。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的收割机送风系统，其特征在于，所述风机还包括：
    风扇结构，同轴设置在所述安装腔内；
    风机驱动，连接所述风扇结构，适于驱动所述风扇结构在所述安装腔内转动。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的收割机送风系统，其特征在于，任一所述第一进风口(31f)上设置两个挡风件；其一所述挡风件设置在所述第一进风口(31f)位于所述出风口(33f)一侧，适于横向滑动并局部遮挡所述第一进风口(31f)的上半部；
    另一所述挡风件设置在所述第一进风口(31f)远离所述出风口(33f)一侧，适于竖向滑动并局部遮挡所述第一进风口(31f)的下半部。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的收割机送风系统，其特征在于，所述挡风件上开设条形孔；所述挡风件通过所述条形孔栓接固定在所述风机壳体(3f)上。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的收割机送风系统，其特征在于，所述风扇结构包括：
    风扇轴(1i)，同轴设置在所述安装腔内，且其两端分别固定在位于机架(1)上的两个轴承上；
    若干支撑单元，均匀间隔固定在所述风扇轴(1i)上；
    多个扇叶(2i)，固定在所述支撑单元上；
    任一所述支撑单元包括：
    多个扇叶(2i)支架，沿所述风扇轴(1i)的周向顺序连接固定并锁止在所述风扇轴(1i)上；所述扇叶(2i)分别栓接固定在所述扇叶(2i)支架上；所有所述扇叶(2i)支架围成正多边形，且该正多边形外切于所述风扇轴(1i)横截面的圆。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的收割机送风系统，其特征在于，所述扇叶(2i)支架折弯设置形成固定段(32i)和安装段(31i)；所述安装段(31i)的端部适于安装所述扇叶(2i)；所述固定段(32i)与所述安装段(31i)之间形成的夹角α与所述扇叶(2i)支架围成的正多边形的内角β互补。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的收割机送风系统，其特征在于，任一所述支撑单元对应的所述风扇轴(1i)上开设一个平口槽(11i)；其一所述扇叶(2i)支架固定在所述平口槽(11i)内。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的收割机送风系统，其特征在于，还包括加强板(4i)，焊接固定在所述平口槽(11i)内；所述扇叶(2i)支架固定在所述加强板(4i)的上表面上；所述加强板(4i)的厚度与所述平口槽(11i)的槽深尺寸相同；所述加强板(4i)沿所述风扇轴(1i)径向的宽度不大于所述风扇轴(1i)的直径。
PCT/CN2021/089962 2020-12-30 2021-04-26 一种收割机送风系统 WO2022141986A1 (zh)

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