WO2022141499A1 - 端盖组件、电池单体、电池、电池单体的制造设备和方法 - Google Patents

端盖组件、电池单体、电池、电池单体的制造设备和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022141499A1
WO2022141499A1 PCT/CN2020/142376 CN2020142376W WO2022141499A1 WO 2022141499 A1 WO2022141499 A1 WO 2022141499A1 CN 2020142376 W CN2020142376 W CN 2020142376W WO 2022141499 A1 WO2022141499 A1 WO 2022141499A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
end cap
electrode
electrode terminal
thickness direction
assembly
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/142376
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘彦宇
黄守君
陈新祥
郑于炼
王鹏
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to KR1020237008447A priority Critical patent/KR20230051233A/ko
Priority to JP2022560373A priority patent/JP7481484B2/ja
Priority to EP20937167.3A priority patent/EP4050711B1/en
Priority to CN202080101601.5A priority patent/CN115668600A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2020/142376 priority patent/WO2022141499A1/zh
Priority to US17/540,386 priority patent/US20220209341A1/en
Publication of WO2022141499A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022141499A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/553—Terminals adapted for prismatic, pouch or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/528—Fixed electrical connections, i.e. not intended for disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
    • H01M50/55—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on the same side of the cell
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular, to an end cap assembly, a battery cell, a battery, and a manufacturing apparatus and method for a battery cell.
  • lithium-ion batteries are generally used in vehicles.
  • As a rechargeable battery lithium-ion batteries have the advantages of small size, high energy density, high power density, many cycles of use and long storage time.
  • a rechargeable battery generally includes an outer casing, an end cap assembly and an electrode assembly.
  • the end cap assembly is covered on the outer casing to provide a closed space for the electrode assembly and the electrolyte.
  • the electrical energy of the electrode assembly can be drawn out through the electrode terminals of the end cap assembly. outside the shell.
  • the electrode terminal is limited by the structure of the end cap, and the electrode terminal occupies a large space.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an end cap assembly, a battery cell, a battery, and an apparatus and method for manufacturing the battery cell, so as to improve the problem of large space occupied by electrode terminals.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an end cap assembly for a battery cell, the battery cell includes an electrode assembly, and the end cap assembly includes an end cap, an electrode terminal and a connector; the end cap is provided with an electrode lead-out hole , the electrode lead-out hole penetrates the end cover in the thickness direction of the end cover; the electrode terminal is used for electrical connection with the electrode assembly; the connector is used for connecting the end cover to connect the The electrode terminal is fixed; wherein, the electrode terminal is arranged opposite to the electrode lead-out hole, and the projection of the electrode terminal in the thickness direction does not overlap with the projection of the end cap in the thickness direction.
  • the connector plays the role of connecting the electrode terminal and the end cap, so as to fix the electrode terminal and the end cap. Since the electrode terminals are arranged opposite to the electrode lead-out holes, and the projection of the electrode terminals in the thickness direction does not overlap with the projection of the end caps in the thickness direction, that is, the electrode terminals do not cover the electrode lead-out holes on the end caps, so that the radial direction of the electrode terminals does not overlap.
  • the smaller size reduces the space occupied by the electrode terminals, saves materials, and has better economy.
  • the connecting member clamps the electrode terminal, so that the electrode terminal is fixed to the connecting member.
  • the connecting member realizes the fixing of the electrode terminal by clamping the electrode terminal, the structure is simple, and the electrode terminal is not easily separated from the connecting member under the clamping action of the connecting member.
  • the connecting member circumferentially wraps the outer circumference of the electrode terminal, so that the connecting member clamps the electrode terminal.
  • the connecting piece is wrapped around the outer periphery of the electrode terminal, so that the overall structure of the connecting piece after fixing the electrode terminal is more compact.
  • the connecting member includes a surrounding body, a first limiting portion and a second limiting portion;
  • the first limiting portion and the second limiting portion are both provided on the inner side wall of the enclosure and arranged along the circumference of the enclosure.
  • the first limiting portion and the second limiting portion The parts are arranged at intervals in the thickness direction, the enclosure, the first limiting portion and the second limiting portion together define an accommodating space, and the electrode terminals are at least partially located in the accommodating space.
  • the electrode terminals are at least partially located in the accommodating space jointly defined by the enclosure, the first limiting portion, and the second limiting portion, so that the first limiting portion and the second limiting portion are both opposite to the electrode.
  • the terminal plays an axial limiting role, and the surrounding body can play a radial limiting role for the electrode terminal, which can effectively restrict the electrode terminal from being separated from the connecting piece.
  • the electrode terminal includes a main body portion and a protruding portion
  • the main body portion is used for electrical connection with the electrode assembly, and the protruding portion is connected to the main body portion and extends into the accommodating space along a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction.
  • the protruding portion extends into the accommodating space along a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the end cap, so that the first limiting portion and the second limiting portion play a limiting role on the protruding portion of the electrode terminal to limit the
  • the electrode terminal is separated from the connector in the thickness direction of the end cap.
  • the first limiting portion is closer to the electrode assembly than the second limiting portion, an inner sidewall of the second limiting portion defines a through hole, and the main body portion extends along the The thickness direction passes through the through hole and extends to the outside of the connecting piece.
  • the main body portion passes through the through hole along the thickness direction of the end cap and extends to the outside of the connecting piece, so as to facilitate the connection of the electrode terminal to other components.
  • the electrode terminal is in abutment with the first limiting portion and the second limiting portion, so as to limit the movement of the electrode terminal relative to the connecting member in the thickness direction.
  • the electrode terminal is in contact with the first limiting portion and the second limiting portion, which can effectively limit the movement of the electrode terminal relative to the connecting member in the thickness direction.
  • the connector is sealingly connected to the end cap.
  • the connector is sealed with the end cap to ensure the tightness between the connector and the end cap.
  • the connector is at least partially inserted into the electrode lead-out hole.
  • the connector is at least partially inserted into the electrode lead-out hole.
  • the positioning of the connector can be realized; on the other hand, the space inside the electrode lead-out hole is reasonably utilized, which can effectively reduce the occupation of the end cap by the connector. external space.
  • the electrode terminal is at least partially inserted into the electrode lead-out hole.
  • the electrode assembly is at least partially inserted in the electrode lead-out hole, the space inside the electrode lead-out hole is rationally utilized, and the space outside the end cap occupied by the electrode terminal can be effectively reduced.
  • the end cap has a first end surface and a second end surface oppositely arranged in the thickness direction, and the first end surface is closer to the electrode assembly than the second end surface;
  • the second end face points in the direction of the first end face, and the connecting piece does not extend beyond the first end face.
  • the connector does not exceed the end cap and is closer to the first end face of the electrode assembly, and the connector does not occupy the space outside the end cap on the side of the first end face away from the second end face, and is other components in the battery cell. Free up more space.
  • the connecting member has a third end face and a fourth end face oppositely arranged in the thickness direction; the third end face is flush with the first end face, and the second end face is in the The thickness direction is located between the third end surface and the fourth end surface.
  • the third end face is flush with the first end face.
  • the flatness of the connecting piece and the side of the end cap close to the electrode assembly is improved, and on the other hand, the connecting piece is inserted deeper into the electrode lead-out hole. , the stability of the connector after being inserted into the electrode lead-out hole is improved.
  • the connecting piece Since the second end face is located between the third end face and the fourth end face in the thickness direction, the connecting piece has a portion beyond the second end face of the end cover, which facilitates the installation of the connecting piece.
  • an outer side wall of the connecting piece is provided with an abutting portion, and the abutting portion is used for abutting against the end cap in the thickness direction.
  • the abutting portion on the outer side wall of the connecting piece abuts against the end cover in the thickness direction of the end cover, so as to limit the position of the connecting piece in the thickness direction of the end cover.
  • the end cap is provided with an accommodating groove for accommodating the abutting portion.
  • the accommodating groove on the end cap can accommodate the abutting portion, thereby reducing the space occupied by the abutting portion outside the end cap.
  • the abutting portion is circumferentially arranged along the outer sidewall of the connecting piece, and the accommodating groove is arranged around the electrode lead-out hole.
  • the abutting portion is arranged circumferentially along the outer side wall of the connector, and the accommodating groove is arranged around the electrode lead-out hole, so that the abutment portion is also arranged around the electrode lead-out hole, which improves the stability of the connector after being connected to the end cap.
  • the end cap has a first end surface and a second end surface oppositely arranged in the thickness direction, and the first end surface is closer to the electrode assembly than the second end surface; the accommodating A groove is formed on the first end face or the second end face.
  • the accommodating groove may be opened on the first end surface of the end cover, or may be opened on the second end surface of the end cover. If the accommodating groove is formed on the first end face of the end cover, the abutting portion abuts against the end cover along the direction from the first end face to the second end face; The directions of the two end faces pointing to the first end face abut against the end cap.
  • the abutting portion has a welding surface for welding with the end cap; the accommodating groove is opened on the first end surface, and the welding surface is flush with the first end surface; or, the The accommodating groove is opened on the second end surface, and the welding surface is flush with the second end surface.
  • the welding surface of the abutting portion when the accommodating groove is opened on the first end surface, the welding surface of the abutting portion is flush with the first end surface, and welding can be performed at the interface between the welding surface and the first end surface, which is convenient for connecting the abutting portion and the end cover.
  • Welding and fixing when the accommodating groove is opened on the second end surface, the welding surface of the abutting part is flush with the second end surface, and welding can be performed at the junction of the welding surface and the second end surface, which is convenient for welding the abutting part and the end cover fixed.
  • the end cap assembly further includes a blocking member; an accommodation gap is formed between the inner contour of the connecting member and the outer contour of the electrode terminal, and the blocking member is at least partially disposed in the accommodation gap , so as to block the contact between the electrode terminal and the connecting piece.
  • the blocking member located in the accommodating gap plays a blocking role between the connecting member and the electrode terminal, and blocks the direct contact between the electrode terminal and the connecting frame.
  • the blocking member includes a sealing portion; the sealing portion is at least partially located in the accommodating gap, so as to achieve a sealed connection between the electrode terminal and the connecting member.
  • the sealed connection between the electrode terminal and the connector can be achieved through the sealing part in the barrier, and the electrolyte (eg, electrolyte) in the battery cell is not easily leaked from between the connector and the end cap.
  • electrolyte eg, electrolyte
  • the blocking member includes an insulating portion; the insulating portion is at least partially located in the accommodating gap, so as to realize the insulating isolation of the electrode terminal and the connecting member.
  • the insulating portion of the blocking member can achieve the insulating isolation of the electrode terminal and the connecting member.
  • the blocking member includes a conductive portion; the conductive portion is at least partially located in the accommodating gap, so as to realize the electrical connection between the electrode terminal and the connecting member.
  • the electrical connection between the electrode terminal and the connecting member can be achieved through the conductive portion in the blocking member.
  • a part of the connector is inserted into the electrode lead-out hole, and a part of the connector is located outside the electrode lead-out hole; a part of the barrier is covered by the connector located in the The part outside the electrode extraction hole.
  • a part of the blocking member covers the part of the connecting member outside the electrode lead-out hole, and the blocking member plays a good role in protecting the part of the connecting member exposed to the outside of the end cap.
  • the connecting member includes a surrounding body and a first limiting portion
  • the first limiting portion is provided on the inner side wall of the enclosure and is arranged along the circumference of the enclosure, the electrode terminals are at least partially located in the enclosure, and the first limiting portion is connected to the electrode.
  • the terminal forms a first gap
  • the enclosure and the electrode terminal form a second gap connected to the first gap
  • the first gap and the second gap both form a part of the accommodating gap
  • the blocking A portion of the member is located within the first gap
  • a portion of the blocking member is located within the second gap.
  • a part of the blocking member is located in the first gap formed by the first limiting portion and the electrode terminal, and a part of the blocking member is located in the second gap formed by the enclosure and the electrode terminal, so as to block the electrode terminal and the connecting member.
  • the electrode terminal can abut against the first limiting portion through the part of the blocking member located in the first gap, so that the first limiting portion can limit the axial position of the electrode terminal; the electrode terminal can be located in the second gap through the blocking member
  • the inner part abuts against the surrounding body, so that the surrounding body acts as a radial limiter for the electrode terminal.
  • the connecting member further includes a second limiting portion spaced apart from the first limiting portion in the thickness direction of the end cap; the second limiting portion is provided on the inner sidewall of the enclosure body and arranged along the circumferential direction of the enclosure, the second limiting portion and the electrode terminal form a third gap connected with the second gap, and the third gap forms a part of the accommodating gap, so A portion of the blocking member is located in the third gap.
  • a part of the blocking member is located in the third gap, and the electrode terminal can abut against the second limiting part through the part of the blocking member located in the third gap, and the limiting effect of the first limiting part and the second limiting part is achieved. down, the axial movement of the electrode terminal can be restricted.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, including a casing, an electrode assembly, and the end cap assembly provided by any embodiment of the first aspect; the casing has an opening; the electrode assembly is accommodated in the casing; A cover is configured to cover the opening, and the electrode terminal is configured to be electrically connected to the electrode assembly.
  • a battery provided by an embodiment of the present application includes a case body and a battery cell provided in any embodiment of the second aspect, wherein the battery cell is accommodated in the case body.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, including the battery cell provided by any one of the embodiments of the second aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a method for manufacturing a battery cell, including: providing a casing, the casing having an opening; providing an electrode assembly; and providing an end cap assembly, the end cap assembly including an end cap, an electrode terminal and a connector , the end cover is provided with an electrode lead-out hole, the electrode lead-out hole penetrates the end cover in the thickness direction of the end cover, the electrode terminal is used for electrical connection with the electrode assembly, and the connector is used for The electrode terminal is connected to the end cap to fix the electrode terminal, wherein the electrode terminal is arranged opposite to the electrode lead-out hole, and the projection of the electrode terminal in the thickness direction is the same as that of the end cap on the electrode terminal.
  • the projections in the thickness direction do not overlap; the electrode assembly is accommodated in the housing; the end cap is sealed on the opening, and the electrode terminal is electrically connected to the electrode assembly.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a manufacturing equipment for a battery cell, including a first providing device, a second providing device, a third providing device, and an assembling device;
  • the first providing device is used to provide a casing, the casing has an opening;
  • the second providing device is used to provide an electrode assembly;
  • the third providing device is used to provide an end cap assembly, the end cap assembly includes an end cap, an electrode terminal and a connector, the end cap is provided with an electrode lead-out hole, the electrode The lead-out hole penetrates the end cap in the thickness direction of the end cap, the electrode terminal is used for electrical connection with the electrode assembly, the connecting piece is used for connecting the end cap to fix the electrode terminal,
  • the electrode terminal is arranged opposite to the electrode lead-out hole, and the projection of the electrode terminal in the thickness direction does not overlap with the projection of the end cap in the thickness direction;
  • the assembling device is used to The electrode assembly is accommodated in the casing, and the end cap is sealed on the opening; wherein the electrode terminal is electrical
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery module shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an end cap assembly provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a top view of the end cap assembly shown in Figure 6;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an end cap assembly provided by further embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an end cap assembly provided by further embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly provided by other embodiments of the present application.
  • connection (direct connection) between the electrode terminal and the connector provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the connection (direct connection) between the electrode terminal and the connector provided by some implementations of the present application;
  • connection (indirect connection) between the electrode terminal and the connector provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • connection (indirect connection) between the electrode terminal and the connector provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the connection (indirect connection) between the electrode terminal and the connector according to some further embodiments of the present application.
  • connection (indirect connection) between the electrode terminal and the connector provided by other embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the connection (indirect connection) between the electrode terminal and the connector provided by still other embodiments of the application;
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the connection (indirect connection) between the electrode terminal and the connector provided by still other embodiments of the present application;
  • 19 is a schematic diagram of the connection of electrode terminals, connectors and end caps provided by some embodiments of the application.
  • FIG. 20 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus for manufacturing a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected” and “attached” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, It can also be a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be internal communication between two components.
  • installed should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, It can also be a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be internal communication between two components.
  • plural refers to two or more (including two).
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, or magnesium-ion batteries, etc., which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell may be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped, or other shapes, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cells are generally divided into three types according to the packaging method: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells, and soft-pack battery cells, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the batteries mentioned in this application may include battery modules or battery packs, and the like.
  • Batteries typically include a case for enclosing one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquids or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly is composed of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator.
  • the battery cell mainly relies on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative plates to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode current collector without the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode current collector that has been coated with the positive electrode active material layer. , the positive electrode current collector without the positive electrode active material layer is used as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium, or lithium manganate.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode current collector without the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode current collector that has been coated with the negative electrode active material layer. , the negative electrode current collector without the negative electrode active material layer is used as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the separator can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene), and the like.
  • the electrode assembly may be a wound structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell may also include a casing and an end cap assembly, the end cap assembly is covered on the casing to provide a closed space for the electrode assembly and the electrolyte, the electrode assembly is electrically connected to the electrode terminal of the end cap assembly, and the electrical energy of the electrode assembly can be adjusted. Lead out to the outside of the housing through the electrode terminals of the end cap assembly.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a technical solution, in which the electrode terminal and the end cap are fixed by a connector, the electrode terminal and the electrode lead-out hole are arranged opposite to each other, and the projection of the electrode terminal in the thickness direction and the end cap in the thickness direction are made.
  • the projections on do not overlap. In this way, the radial dimension of the electrode terminal is smaller, the space occupied by the electrode terminal is reduced, the material is saved, and the economy is better.
  • Electrical equipment can be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and power tools, and so on.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spacecraft, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed Electric toys that are portable or mobile, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting power tools, grinding power tools, assembling power tools and railway power tools, such as, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, electric impact drills, concrete vibrators and electric planers, etc.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not impose special restrictions on the above-mentioned electrical equipment.
  • the electric device is a vehicle as an example for description.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • a battery 100 is disposed inside the vehicle 1000 , and the battery 100 may be disposed at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 may be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 may be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300 for controlling the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300 , eg, for starting, navigating, and running the vehicle 1000 for work power requirements.
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as the operating power source of the vehicle 1000 , but also can be used as the driving power source of the vehicle 1000 to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 instead of or partially instead of fuel or natural gas.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a battery 100 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a case 10 and a battery cell 20 (not shown in FIG. 2 ), and the battery cell 20 is accommodated in the case 10 .
  • the box body 10 is used to provide a closed space for the battery cells 20 , and the box body 10 may have various shapes, such as a cylinder, a rectangular parallelepiped, and the like. In FIG. 2 , the box body 10 is exemplarily a rectangular parallelepiped.
  • the case 10 may include a first part 11 and a second part 12 , the first part 11 and the second part 12 are overlapped with each other to define a seal for accommodating the battery cells 20 Space 13.
  • the first part 11 can be a hollow structure with one side open, and the second part 12 can also be a hollow structure with one side open. Box 10.
  • the second part 12 is located on the upper side of the first part 11 , the second part 12 may also be referred to as an upper case body, and the first part 11 may also be referred to as a lower case body.
  • the battery 100 there may be one or a plurality of battery cells 20 .
  • the plurality of battery cells 20 may be connected in series or in parallel or in a mixed connection.
  • a mixed connection means that the plurality of battery cells 20 are both connected in series and in parallel.
  • the plurality of battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole formed by the plurality of battery cells 20 is accommodated in the box 10; of course, the plurality of battery cells 20 can also be connected in series first.
  • the battery modules 30 are formed in parallel or in a mixed connection, and a plurality of battery modules 30 are connected in series or in parallel or in a mixed connection to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box body 10 .
  • the battery cells 20 may be cylindrical, flat, rectangular, or other shapes.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery module 30 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the plurality of battery cells 20 are first connected in series or in parallel or mixed to form a battery module 30 , and the plurality of battery modules 30 are then connected in series or in parallel or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box 10 .
  • the battery 100 may further include a bussing member 31 , and the multiple battery cells 20 may be electrically connected through the bussing member 31 , so as to realize the series, parallel or mixed connection of the multiple battery cells 20 .
  • the positive electrode terminal of one battery cell 20 is connected to the negative electrode terminal of the other battery cell 20 through the bus component 31 to realize the series connection of the two battery cells 20 .
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a battery cell 20 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 20 may include a casing 21, an electrode assembly 22 and an end cap assembly 23.
  • the casing 21 has an opening 211
  • the electrode assembly 22 is accommodated in the casing 21, and the end cap assembly 23 includes an end cap 231 and an electrode terminal 232.
  • the end cap 231 is used for For covering the opening 211
  • the electrode terminal 232 is used for electrical connection with the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the material of the casing 21 may also be various, for example, copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, etc., which is not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the housing 21 may have various shapes, such as a cylinder, a rectangular parallelepiped, and the like.
  • the shape of the housing 21 may be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the casing 21 can be selected as a cylindrical structure; if the electrode assembly 22 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, the casing 21 can be selected as a cuboid structure.
  • the casing 21 and the electrode assembly 22 are both rectangular parallelepiped structures.
  • the electrode assembly 22 may include a positive electrode sheet 221 , a negative electrode sheet 222 and a separator 223 .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly 22 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the electrode assembly 22 may be formed by winding a positive electrode sheet 221 , a separator 223 and a negative electrode sheet 222 Coiled structure.
  • the electrode assembly 22 may also be a laminated structure formed by the positive electrode sheet 221 , the separator 223 and the negative electrode sheet 222 through a stacked arrangement.
  • the electrode assembly 22 may further include a positive electrode tab (not shown in the figure) and a negative electrode tab (not shown in the figure), which may be a positive electrode current collector that is not coated with a positive electrode active material layer in the positive electrode sheet 221 as a
  • the positive electrode tab can be the negative electrode current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer in the negative electrode sheet 222 as the negative electrode tab.
  • the end cap 231 of the end cap assembly 23 is used to cover the opening 211 of the casing 21 to form a closed space for accommodating the battery cells 20 (not shown in the figure). Confined spaces are also used to contain electrolytes, such as electrolytes.
  • the electrode terminal 232 of the end cap assembly 23 is used as a component for outputting the electrical energy of the electrode assembly 22.
  • the electrode terminal 232 is used for electrical connection with the electrode assembly 22, that is, the electrode terminal 232 is electrically connected with the tab of the electrode assembly 22.
  • the tabs are connected through a transition piece 235 (see FIG. 6 ) to realize the electrical connection between the electrode terminals 232 and the tabs.
  • the number of openings 211 of the housing 21 may be one or two.
  • the end cap assembly 23 can be provided with two electrode terminals 232 , and the two electrode terminals 232 are positive electrodes respectively.
  • the electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal, the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal are respectively used for electrical connection with the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab of the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the battery cell 20 having such a structure may be a prismatic battery cell 20 .
  • the electrode terminal 232 in one end cap assembly 23 may be a positive electrode terminal for electrical connection with the positive electrode tab of the electrode assembly 22; the electrode terminal 232 in the other end cap assembly 23 may be a negative electrode The terminal is used for electrical connection with the negative electrode sheet 222 of the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the battery cell 20 having this structure may be a cylindrical battery cell 20.
  • the battery cell 20 may further include a pressure relief mechanism 24 , the pressure relief mechanism 24 is installed on the end cover 231 , and the pressure relief mechanism 24 is used for releasing the pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a predetermined value. The pressure inside the battery cells 20 is discharged.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 24 may be an explosion-proof valve, a rupture disk, an air valve, a pressure relief valve, a safety valve, or the like.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an end cap assembly 23 provided by some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 7 is a top view of the end cap assembly 23 shown in FIG. 6
  • the end cap assembly 23 includes an end cap 231 , an electrode terminal 232 and a connecting member 233 .
  • the end cap 231 is provided with an electrode lead-out hole 2311 , and the electrode lead-out hole 2311 penetrates the end cap 231 in the thickness direction Z of the end cap 231 .
  • the electrode terminals 232 are used for electrical connection with the electrode assembly 22 (see FIG. 4 ).
  • the connecting piece 233 is used for connecting the end cap 231 to fix the electrode terminal 232 .
  • the electrode terminal 232 is disposed opposite to the electrode lead-out hole 2311 , and the projection of the electrode terminal 232 on the thickness direction Z of the end cap 231 does not overlap with the projection of the end cap 231 in the thickness direction Z.
  • the electrode terminals 232 are disposed opposite to the electrode lead-out holes 2311 , and the projection of the electrode terminals 232 on the thickness direction Z of the end cap 231 does not overlap with the projection of the end cap 231 in the thickness direction Z, that is, the electrode terminals 232 do not cover the end cap 231
  • the electrode lead-out holes 2311 on the electrode terminal 232 make the radial dimension of the electrode terminal 232 (the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction Z of the end cover 231 ) smaller, which reduces the space occupied by the electrode terminal 232, saves materials, and has better economy. sex.
  • the radial direction of the electrode terminal 232 does not limit the electrode terminal 232 to only be cylindrical, and the electrode terminal 232 may also have other shapes, for example, the electrode terminal 232 is a polygonal column shape.
  • the electrode terminal 232 is arranged opposite to the electrode lead-out hole 2311, that is, the electrode terminal 232 and the electrode lead-out hole 2311 are basically aligned in the thickness direction Z of the end cover 231, and the electrode terminal 232 and the electrode lead-out hole 2311 can be arranged coaxially, or they can be electrode terminals
  • the axis of 232 is arranged in parallel with the axis of the electrode lead-out hole 2311 .
  • the electrode terminal 232 is disposed opposite to the electrode lead-out hole 2311, and the projection of the electrode terminal 232 in the thickness direction Z of the end cap 231 does not overlap with the projection of the end cap 231 in the thickness direction Z, if the electrode terminal 232 is placed along the end cap 231 The electrode terminal 232 will pass through the electrode lead-out hole 2311 without interfering with the end cap 231 .
  • the number of electrode terminals 232 may be one or two. If the number of electrode terminals 232 in the end cap assembly 23 is one, the number of electrode lead-out holes 2311 on the end cap 231 may also be provided as one.
  • the electrode terminal 232 of one end cap assembly 23 is a positive electrode terminal, and the electrode terminal 232 of the other end cap assembly 23 is a negative electrode terminal. If there are two end cap assemblies 23 , two electrode lead-out holes 2311 on the end cap 231 may also be provided.
  • one end cap assembly 23 may be provided, one electrode terminal 232 in the end cap assembly 23 is a positive electrode terminal, and the other electrode terminal 232 in the end cap assembly 23 is a negative electrode terminal.
  • FIG. 7 the case where there are two electrode terminals 232 in the end cap assembly 23 is exemplarily shown.
  • the end cap assembly 23 may further include a transfer sheet 235 , and the electrode terminal 232 and the electrode assembly 22 (see FIG. 4 ) are electrically connected through the transfer sheet 235 .
  • the transition piece 235 may be a metal conductor such as copper, iron, aluminum, or the like.
  • the adapter sheet 235 includes a sheet body 2351 and a protrusion 2352, the sheet body 2351 is located on the side of the end cap 231 close to the electrode assembly 22, the sheet body 2351 is used for connecting with the tab of the electrode assembly 22, and the protrusion 2352 is connected to the
  • the sheet main body 2351 protrudes from the sheet main body 2351 to the side close to the end cap 231.
  • the protrusions 2352 can extend into the electrode lead-out holes 2311 to be connected to the electrode terminals 232, so as to realize the electrical connection between the electrode terminals 232 and the electrode assembly 22.
  • the end cap assembly 23 may further include an insulating member 236 for insulating and isolating the end cap 231 from the adapter sheet 235 .
  • the insulating member 236 is at least partially located between the sheet body 2351 of the transition piece 235 and the end cap 231 , so as to achieve insulation isolation between the end cap 231 and the transition piece 235 .
  • the insulating member 236 plays an insulating role between the end cover 231 and the adapter sheet 235.
  • the insulating member 236 is an insulating material, which can be made of rubber, plastic, etc.
  • the plastic can be PBT (Polybutylene terephthalate, polyterephthalate). Butylene glycol ester), PET (Polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate), PA (Polyamide, polyamide), etc.
  • the end cap 231 is used to cover the opening 211 of the housing 21 (see FIG. 4).
  • the end cap 231 may be a plate-like structure, which may be circular, rectangular, or the like.
  • the shape of the end cap 231 may be determined according to the shape of the housing 21. For example, if the casing 21 is a rectangular parallelepiped, the end cap 231 may be a rectangular end cap; for another example, if the casing 21 is a cylinder, the end cap 231 may be a circular end cap.
  • the end cap 231 has opposite first end faces 2312 and second end faces 2313 in the thickness direction Z, the first end face 2312 is closer to the electrode assembly 22 (see FIG. 4 ) than the second end face 2313 , and the electrode lead-out holes 2311 pass through the first end face 2312 . End face 2312 and second end face 2313.
  • the electrode lead-out holes 2311 on the end cap 231 may be equal diameter holes, that is, the radius of the electrode lead-out holes 2311 does not change in the thickness direction Z of the end cap 231 .
  • the electrode lead-out hole 2311 on the end cap 231 may also be a variable diameter hole, such as a stepped hole.
  • the electrode terminals 232 may be cylindrical structures with equal diameters, or may be structures with variable diameters, such as stepped shafts.
  • the maximum diameter of the electrode lead-out hole 2311 is not smaller than the maximum diameter of the electrode terminal 232 so that the projection of the electrode terminal 232 in the thickness direction Z of the end cap 231 does not overlap with the projection of the end cap 231 in the thickness direction Z.
  • the connecting member 233 serves to connect the electrode terminal 232 and the end cap 231 , so as to fix the electrode terminal 232 and the end cap 231 .
  • the connecting piece 233 and the end cap 231 can be connected in various connection ways, and the electrode terminal 232 and the connecting piece 233 can also be connected in various connection ways.
  • the specific structure of the connection between the connecting member 233 and the end cap 231 and the specific structure of the connection between the electrode terminal 232 and the connecting member 233 will be described in detail below.
  • the connector 233 is sealed with the end cap 231 to ensure the tightness between the connector 233 and the end cap 231 , and the electrolyte (eg, electrolyte) in the battery cell 20 is not easy to pass from the connector 233 to the end cap 231 .
  • the connection position of the cover 231 leaks out.
  • the sealing connection between the connector 233 and the end cap 231 can be achieved in various ways.
  • the sealing connection between the connecting piece 233 and the end cover 231 is achieved by the tight fit between the two, or, for example, a sealing piece is provided between the connecting piece 233 and the end cover 231 to achieve the sealing connection between the two.
  • the connecting piece 233 and the end cap 231 are welded together to achieve a sealed connection between the two.
  • the connector 233 is at least partially inserted into the electrode lead-out hole 2311 .
  • this structure can realize the positioning of the connecting piece 233;
  • the sealing connection between the connector 233 and the end cap 231 can be achieved in various ways.
  • the outer side wall of the connecting piece 233 forms a close fit with the hole wall of the electrode lead-out hole 2311 to achieve a sealed connection between the connecting piece 233 and the end cap 231; for another example, the hole wall of the electrode lead-out hole 2311 and the connecting piece A sealing ring is arranged between the outer side walls of 233 to realize the sealing connection between the connector 233 and the end cap 231; for another example, the connector 233 and the end cap 231 are connected together by welding, so that the solder is blocked on the connector 233 The gap between the outer side wall of the electrode lead-out hole 2311 and the hole wall of the electrode lead-out hole 2311 is used to realize the sealed connection between the connecting piece 233 and the end cap 231 .
  • the connecting member 233 does not extend beyond the first end surface 2312 of the end cap 231 .
  • This structure makes the connecting piece 233 not occupy the outer space of the end cap 231 on the side of the first end face 2312 away from the second end face 2313 , freeing up more space for other components in the battery cell 20 (such as the insulating member 236 ). space to provide more space for the electrode assembly 22 to improve the energy density of the battery cell 20 .
  • the connector 233 has a third end surface 2331 and a fourth end surface 2332 arranged opposite to each other in the thickness direction Z of the end cap 231 , and the third end surface 2331 is closer to the electrode assembly 22 than the fourth end surface 2332 .
  • the third end surface 2331 is flush with the first end surface 2312
  • the second end surface 2313 is located between the third end surface 2331 and the fourth end surface 2332 in the thickness direction Z of the end cover 231 .
  • the connecting piece 233 Since the third end surface 2331 is flush with the first end surface 2312, on the one hand, the flatness of the connecting piece 233 and the side of the end cap 231 close to the electrode assembly 22 is improved, and on the other hand, the connecting piece 233 is inserted deeper into the electrode In the lead-out hole 2311 , the stability of the connector 233 after being inserted into the electrode lead-out hole 2311 is improved. Since the second end surface 2313 is located between the third end surface 2331 and the fourth end surface 2332 in the thickness direction Z of the end cover 231 , the connecting piece 233 has a portion beyond the second end surface 2313 of the end cover 231 , which facilitates the installation of the connecting piece 233 .
  • the third end face 2331 is flush with the first end face 2312, and is not limited to the first end face 2312 and the second end face 2313 being absolutely flush. small distance.
  • the second end surface 2313 is located between the third end surface 2331 and the fourth end surface 2332 in the thickness direction Z of the end cap 231 , that is, a part of the connecting member 233 is inserted into the electrode lead-out hole 2311 .
  • the fourth end surface 2332 may also be located between the first end surface 2312 and the second end surface 2313 , so that all the connecting members 233 are inserted into the electrode lead-out holes 2311 .
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an end cap assembly 23 provided by further embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of an end cap assembly 23 provided by further embodiments of the present application
  • the outer side wall of the connecting piece 233 is provided with an abutting portion 2333
  • the abutting portion 2333 is used to abut against the end cap 231 in the thickness direction Z of the end cap 231 .
  • the abutting portion 2333 and the end cover 231 have various abutting forms.
  • the abutting portion 2333 directly abuts the first end surface 2312 of the end cover 231; against.
  • the abutting portion 2333 and the end cover 231 may also have other abutting forms.
  • the end cover 231 is provided with an accommodating groove 2314 for accommodating the abutting portion 2333 . That is, the end cover 231 abuts against the bottom wall of the accommodating groove 2314 .
  • the arrangement of the accommodating groove 2314 on the end cover 231 can reduce the space outside the end cover 231 occupied by the abutting portion 2333 .
  • the abutting portion 2333 may be arranged along the circumference of the outer side wall of the connecting piece 233 , and the accommodating groove 2314 may be arranged around the electrode lead-out hole 2311 .
  • both the abutting portion 2333 and the accommodating groove 2314 are annular structures.
  • the accommodating groove 2314 may be opened on the first end surface 2312 of the end cap 231 .
  • the second end surface 2313 may also be opened. If the accommodating groove 2314 is formed on the first end face 2312 of the end cover 231 , the abutting portion 2333 abuts against the end cover 231 along the direction from the first end face 2312 to the second end face 2313 ; The two end faces 2313 and the abutting portions 2333 abut against the end cover 231 along the direction from the second end face 2313 to the first end face 2312 .
  • the abutting portion 2333 is welded with the end cap 231 to realize the fixing of the connecting member 233 and the end cap 231 .
  • the abutting portion 2333 has a welding surface 2333 a for welding with the end cap 231 .
  • the welding surface 2333a of the abutting portion 2333 can be flush with the first end surface 2312.
  • the welding surface 2333a and the first end surface 2312 can Welding at the junction position is convenient for welding and fixing the abutting portion 2333 and the end cover 231; as shown in FIG. 9, if the accommodating groove 2314 is opened on the second end face 2313, the welding face 2333a can be flush with the second end face 2313. In this case, welding can be performed at the junction position of the welding surface 2333a and the second end surface 2313 , so as to facilitate the welding and fixing of the abutting portion 2333 and the end cover 231 .
  • the welding surface 2333a is flush with the first end surface 2312, which is not limited to the fact that the welding surface 2333a and the first end surface 2312 are absolutely flush (coplanar), and the welding surface 2333a and the first end surface 2312 are allowed to exist within the error range smaller distance.
  • the welding surface 2333a is flush with the second end surface 2313, and is not limited to be absolutely flush (coplanar) with the welding surface 2333a and the second end surface 2313, allowing a small distance between the welding surface 2333a and the second end surface 2313 within the error range .
  • the abutting portion 2333 When the abutting portion 2333 is arranged along the circumference of the outer side wall of the connecting piece 233, and the accommodating groove 2314 is arranged around the electrode lead-out hole 2311, it can be welded along the entire circumference of the edge of the welding surface 2333a to realize the connection between the connecting piece 233 and the end cover 231. sealed connection between.
  • connection between the connector 233 and the end cap 231 can be realized by inserting the connector 233 into the electrode lead-out hole 2311 at least partially.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the electrode assembly 22 provided by other embodiments of the present application.
  • the connector 233 may not be inserted into the electrode lead-out hole 2311 , for example, the connector 233 is located at the end On the side of the cover 231 away from the electrode assembly 22 , the third end surface 2331 of the connecting member 233 is in contact with the second end surface 2313 of the end cover 231 and welded together.
  • the electrode terminal 232 can be at least partially inserted into the electrode lead-out hole 2311 , which makes reasonable use of the The space inside the electrode lead-out hole 2311 can effectively reduce the space outside the end cap 231 occupied by the electrode terminal 232 .
  • the electrode terminal 232 may also be located completely outside the electrode lead-out hole 2311 .
  • the connecting member 233 is clamped to the electrode terminal 232 , so that the electrode terminal 232 is fixed to the connecting member 233 .
  • the connecting member 233 realizes the fixing of the electrode terminal 232 by clamping the electrode terminal 232 , the structure is simple, and the electrode terminal 232 is not easily separated from the connecting member 233 under the clamping action of the connecting member 233 .
  • the connecting member 233 may have various structures to achieve clamping and fixing of the electrode terminal 232 .
  • the clamping of the electrode terminal 232 by the connecting member 233 may be the clamping of the electrode terminal 232 in the radial direction (the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction Z of the end cover 231 ), or the axial direction of the electrode terminal 232 (the end cover 231 ).
  • the thickness direction Z) is clamped.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the connection (direct connection) between the electrode terminal 232 and the connector 233 provided by some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 12 is the electrode provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the connecting piece 233 circumferentially wraps the outer circumference of the electrode terminal 232 , so that the connecting piece 233 is clamped to the electrode terminal 232 .
  • This structure makes the overall structure of the connecting member 233 to fix the electrode terminal 232 more compact.
  • the connecting member 233 circumferentially covers the outer circumference of the electrode terminal 232
  • the circumferential direction here refers to the clockwise or counterclockwise direction in a plane that is perpendicular to the thickness direction Z of the end cover 231 .
  • the coating referred to here may be a full-circle coating or a non-full-circle coating. If the connecting member 233 covers the outer circumference of the electrode terminal 232 in the entire circumference, the connecting member 233 can be a full ring structure; 180 degree "C" shape structure. Exemplarily, in FIGS. 11 and 12 , the connecting member 233 covers the outer circumference of the electrode terminal 232 in the entire circumference.
  • the connector 233 When the connector 233 is at least partially inserted into the electrode lead-out hole 2311, the connector 233 circumferentially wraps around the outer circumference of the electrode terminal 232, so that the outer side wall of the electrode terminal 232 is separated from the hole wall of the electrode lead-out hole 2311, Therefore, the radial dimension of the electrode terminal 232 is smaller than the radial dimension of the electrode lead-out hole 2311 , so that the projection of the electrode terminal 232 on the thickness direction Z of the end cap 231 does not overlap with the projection of the end cap 231 in the thickness direction Z.
  • the electrode terminal 232 can be at least partially inserted into the electrode lead-out hole 2311 by inserting the connector 233 into the electrode lead-out hole 2311 to a certain depth.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the electrode terminal 232 and the connecting member 233 shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the connector 233 includes an enclosure 2334 and a first limiting portion 2335.
  • the first limiting portion 2335 is provided on the inner sidewall of the enclosure 2334 and is arranged along the circumference of the enclosure 2334.
  • the electrode terminals 232 are at least partially located in the enclosure 2334.
  • the first limiting portion 2335 is used to limit the electrode terminal 232 to be separated from the connecting member 233 in a direction close to the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the surrounding body 2334 covers the outer periphery of the connecting member 233 , and the surrounding body 2334 can play a radial limiting role on the electrode terminal 232 .
  • the outer sidewall of the electrode terminal 232 is in contact with the inner sidewall of the enclosure 2334, so that the connecting member 233 can clamp the electrode terminal 232 radially (in the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction Z of the end cover 231), that is, the connecting member
  • the clamping force exerted by the surrounding body 2334 of the 233 on the electrode terminal 232 is in the radial direction of the electrode terminal 232 (the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction Z of the end cap 231 ).
  • the offset referred to here can be a direct offset or an indirect offset.
  • the outer sidewall of the electrode terminal 232 is directly abutted against the inner sidewall of the surrounding body 2334 .
  • the connecting member 233 may be an insulating member, such as rubber, plastic, etc., or a conductive member, such as copper, iron, aluminum, or a conductive member. of plastic parts, etc.
  • the connecting member 233 can be an insulating component; to achieve electrical connection between the electrode terminal 232 and the end cap 231 , the connecting member 233 can be a conductive metal.
  • the connector 233 connected to one electrode terminal 232 may be an insulating part, and the connector 233 connected to the other electrode terminal 232 They may be conductive parts, and of course, the two connecting members 233 respectively connected to the two electrode terminals 232 may also be insulating parts.
  • the enclosure 2334 is a cylindrical structure with open ends, and the first limiting portion 2335 is an annular structure disposed on the inner sidewall of the enclosure 2334 .
  • the inner sidewall of the first limiting portion 2335 defines a penetration hole 2335 a through which the protrusion 2352 of the adapter plate 235 (see FIG. 6 ) can enter into the connecting member 233 to connect with the electrode terminal 232 .
  • the connecting member 233 when the connector 233 is at least partially inserted into the electrode lead-out hole 2311 , the outer diameter of the enclosing body 2334 and the diameter of the electrode lead-out hole 2311 can be matched, so that the enclosing body 2334 It can be inserted into the electrode lead-out hole 2311 .
  • the connecting member 233 when the connecting member 233 is not inserted into the electrode extraction hole 2311 , the outer diameter of the surrounding body 2334 is larger than the inner diameter of the electrode extraction hole 2311 .
  • the connecting member 233 may further include a second limiting portion 2336 .
  • the second limiting portion 2336 is provided on the inner side wall of the enclosure body 2334 and is arranged along the circumference of the enclosure body 2334 .
  • the two limiting portions 2336 and the first limiting portion 2335 are arranged at intervals in the thickness direction Z of the end cover 231 , and the first limiting portion 2335 is closer to the electrode assembly 22 than the second limiting portion 2336 .
  • the limiting portion 2335 and the second limiting portion 2336 together define an accommodating space 2337 , and the electrode terminal 232 is at least partially located in the accommodating space 2337 .
  • Both the first limiting portion 2335 and the second limiting portion 2336 can limit the position of the electrode terminal 232 in the axial direction (the thickness direction Z of the end cover 231 ).
  • the second limiting portion 2336 is used to limit the electrode terminal 232 to be separated from the connecting member 233 in a direction away from the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the electrode terminal 232 is in contact with the first limiting portion 2335, and the electrode terminal 232 is in contact with the second limiting portion 2336, so that the connecting member 233 can clamp the electrode terminal 232 in the axial direction (the thickness direction Z of the end cover 231). That is, the clamping force exerted by the first limiting portion 2335 and the second limiting portion 2336 of the connector 233 on the electrode terminal 232 is in the axial direction of the electrode terminal 232 (the thickness direction Z of the end cap 231 ), so as to limit the electrode The terminal 232 moves relative to the connecting member 233 along the thickness direction Z of the end cap 231 .
  • the offset referred to here can be a direct offset or an indirect offset.
  • the electrode terminal 232 is in direct contact with the first limiting portion 2335 , and the electrode terminal 232 is also directly in contact with the second limiting portion 2336 .
  • the inner sidewall of the enclosure 2334 of the connector 233 may not be in contact with the outer sidewall of the electrode terminal 232, that is, the enclosure 2334 does not radially clamp the electrode terminal 232 (in the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction Z of the end cap 231). ).
  • the second limiting portion 2336 may be an annular structure disposed on the inner sidewall of the enclosure 2334, and the accommodating space 2337 is an annular space.
  • the electrode terminal 232 includes a main body portion 2321 and a protruding portion 2322 .
  • the protruding portion 2322 is connected to the main body portion 2321 and extends along a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction Z of the end cap 231 to accommodate Inside space 2337.
  • the main body portion 2321 is used for electrical connection of the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the main body 2351 of the adapter sheet 235 (see FIG. 6 ) is connected to the electrode assembly 22 , and the protrusions 2352 of the adapter sheet 235 are connected to the main body 2321 , so that the main body 2321 and the electrode assembly 22 can be electrically connected.
  • the main body portion 2321 is a cylindrical structure
  • the protruding portion 2322 is an annular structure disposed on the outer side wall of the main body portion 2321 .
  • the inner sidewall of the second limiting portion 2336 defines a through hole 2336 a, and the main body portion 2321 passes through the through hole 2336 a along the thickness direction Z of the end cap 231 and extends to the outside of the connecting member 233 so as to facilitate the electrode
  • the terminals 232 are connected to other members such as bus members.
  • the connecting member 233 when the connecting member 233 circumferentially covers the outer circumference of the electrode terminal 232 , the connecting member 233 may also be of other structures. Abutting against the inner wall of the surrounding body 2334 , the connecting member 233 can clamp the electrode terminal 232 in the radial direction (the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction Z of the end cover 231 ).
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the connection (indirect connection) between the electrode terminal 232 and the connector 233 provided by some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 14 is provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • a schematic diagram of the connection (indirect connection) between the electrode terminal 232 and the connecting piece 233 , the end cap assembly 23 further includes a blocking member 237 , an accommodation gap 238 is formed between the inner contour of the connecting member 233 and the outer contour of the electrode terminal 232 , and the blocking member 237 is at least partially It is arranged in the accommodating gap 238 to block the contact between the electrode terminal 232 and the connecting member 233 . That is, the connecting member 233 and the electrode terminal 232 are indirectly connected through the blocking member 237 .
  • the blocking member 237 includes a sealing portion 2371, and the sealing portion 2371 is at least partially located in the accommodating gap 238, so as to realize the sealing connection between the electrode terminal 232 and the connecting member 233, and the electrolyte (electrolyte) in the battery cell 20 is not easy to It leaks out from between the connecting piece 233 and the end cap 231 .
  • the material of the sealing portion 2371 may be rubber, such as urethane rubber, acrylate rubber, silicone rubber, and the like.
  • the blocking member 237 may be a part of the sealing part 2371 , or may be the whole sealing part 2371 .
  • the blocking member 237 includes an insulating portion 2372 , and the insulating portion 2372 is at least partially located in the accommodating gap 238 , so as to achieve insulating isolation of the electrode terminal 232 and the connecting member 233 .
  • the material of the insulating portion 2372 may be plastic, rubber, or the like.
  • the connecting member 233 may be a conductive member, such as copper, iron, aluminum, a plastic member with a conductive function, and the like.
  • the blocking member 237 may be a part of the insulating portion 2372 , or may be the entire insulating portion 2372 .
  • both sealing portion 2371 and insulating portion 2372 are part of barrier 237 .
  • the hardness of the sealing part 2371 may be smaller than that of the insulating part 2372, so that the sealing part 2371 is more easily deformed than the insulating part 2372 under the pressing action of the electrode terminal 232 and the connecting piece 233, and the sealing part 2371 is in the electrode terminal. A better sealing effect is achieved between 232 and the connecting piece 233 .
  • the sealing portion 2371 and the insulating portion 2372 may be independent of each other, or may be attached together.
  • the blocking member 237 further includes a conductive portion 2373 , and the conductive portion 2373 is at least partially located in the accommodating gap 238 , so as to realize the electrical connection between the electrode terminal 232 and the connecting member 233 .
  • the conductive portion 2373 may be a conductive member, such as copper, iron, aluminum, a plastic member with a conductive function, and the like.
  • the blocking member 237 may be a part of the conductive portion 2373 , or may be the entire conductive portion 2373 .
  • both the sealing portion 2371 and the conductive portion 2373 are part of the barrier member 237 .
  • the sealing portion 2371 and the conductive portion 2373 may be independent of each other, or may be attached together.
  • the connecting member 233 includes a surrounding body 2334 and a first limiting portion 2335 , and the first limiting portion 2335 is provided on the inner sidewall of the surrounding body 2334 and along the circumference of the surrounding body 2334 .
  • the electrode terminal 232 is at least partially located in the surrounding body 2334, the first limiting portion 2335 and the electrode terminal 232 form a first gap 2381, and the surrounding body 2334 and the electrode terminal 232 form a second gap connected to the first gap 2381 2382 , the first gap 2381 and the second gap 2382 all form a part of the accommodation gap 238 , a part of the blocking member 237 is located in the first gap 2381 , and a part of the blocking member 237 is located in the second gap 2382 .
  • a part of the blocking member 237 is located in the first gap 2381 formed by the first limiting part 2335 and the electrode terminal 232 , so that the electrode terminal 232 and the first limiting part 2335 are indirectly offset, and the electrode terminal 232 can be located in the first gap through the blocking member 237
  • the part inside 2381 abuts against the first limiting part 2335, so that the first limiting part 2335 acts as an axial (the thickness direction Z of the end cover 231) limiting the electrode terminal 232;
  • a part of the blocking member 237 is located in the surrounding In the second gap 2382 formed by the body 2334 and the electrode terminal 232 , the outer side wall of the electrode terminal 232 and the inner side wall of the surrounding body 2334 are in indirect contact, and the electrode terminal 232 can abut against the second gap 2382 through the part of the blocking member 237 located in the second gap 2382 .
  • the surrounding body 2334 makes the electrode terminal 232 radially (in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction Z of the end cap
  • the sealing portion 2371 may be located at least partially within the first gap 2381
  • the insulating portion 2372 may be located at least partially within the first gap 2381 . within the second gap 2382.
  • a part of the insulating part 2372 may also be located in the first gap 2381, a part of the sealing part 2371 may also be located in the penetration hole 2335a defined by the inner sidewall of the second limiting part 2336, and the sealing part 2371 is located in the penetration hole 2335a.
  • the inner part forms a positioning fit with the penetration hole 2335a.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the connection (indirect connection) between the electrode terminal 232 and the connecting member 233 according to further embodiments of the present application.
  • the inner sidewall of the enclosure 2334 and the outer sidewall of the electrode terminal 232 One of the two is provided with an annular convex portion 2334a, the other is provided with an annular concave portion 2323, the annular convex portion 2334a is partially located in the annular concave portion 2323, and the outer contour of the annular convex portion 2334a and the inner contour of the annular concave portion 2323 are formed.
  • the transition gap 2382a forms part of the second gap 2382, and a part of the blocking member 237 is located in the transition gap 2382a.
  • the annular convex portion 2334a is partially located in the annular concave portion 2323 , and the annular concave portion 2323 has a constraining effect on the annular convex portion 2334a to restrict the electrode terminal 232 from moving away from the first limiting portion 2335 .
  • the annular convex portion 2334 a is arranged around the inner sidewall of the enclosure 2334
  • the annular recessed portion 2323 is arranged around the outer sidewall of the electrode terminal 232 .
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the connection (indirect connection) between the electrode terminal 232 and the connecting member 233 provided by other embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 17 is another schematic diagram of the present application.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the connection (indirect connection) between the electrode terminal 232 and the connecting piece 233 provided by other embodiments of the application
  • the connecting piece 233 also It includes a second limiting portion 2336 that is spaced apart from the first limiting portion 2335 in the thickness direction Z of the end cover 231 .
  • the second limiting portion 2336 is provided on the inner side wall of the enclosure 2334 and is arranged along the circumferential direction of the enclosure 2334.
  • the second limiting portion 2336 and the electrode terminal 232 form a third gap 2383 connected to the second gap 2382.
  • the third gap 2383 forms a part of the accommodation gap 238 , and a part of the blocking member 237 is located in the third gap 2383 .
  • a part of the blocking member 237 is located in the third gap 2383 , so that the electrode terminal 232 and the second limiting portion 2336 are indirectly offset. Both the second limiting portion 2336 and the first limiting portion 2335 can limit the electrode terminal 232 to limit the axial movement of the electrode terminal 232 (the thickness direction Z of the end cap 231 ).
  • the sealing part 2371 and the insulating part 2372 as part of the blocking member 237 can be located in the first gap 2381
  • a part of the insulating part 2372 can be located in the second gap 2382 and the third gap 2382 .
  • the gap 2383 As shown in FIG. 17 , at least a part of the sealing part 2371 is located in the third gap 2383
  • a part of the insulating part 2372 is located in the first gap 2381 and the second gap 2382 .
  • the sealing part 2371 can be located in the second gap 2382, and a part of the insulating part 2372 can be located in the first gap 2381 and the third gap 2383.
  • the insulating part 2372 includes two independent sections, one section It is located in the first gap 2381 , and the other end is located in the third gap 2383 .
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the electrode terminal 232 , the connector 233 and the end cap 231 provided by some embodiments of the present application; A part of the part 233 is located outside the electrode lead-out hole 2311, and a part of the blocking part 237 is wrapped around the part of the connecting part 233 outside the electrode lead-out hole 2311, so as to protect the part of the connecting part 233 exposed outside the end cap 231. .
  • the insulating portion 2372 in the blocking member 237 covers the portion of the connecting member 233 beyond the second end face 2313 of the end cap 231 along the direction from the first end face 2312 of the end cap 231 to the second end face 2313, so as to increase The creepage distance between the electrode terminal 232 and the end cap 231 .
  • the sealing part 2371 and the insulating part 2372 as part of the blocking member 237 as an example, at least a part of the sealing part 2371 is located in the first gap 2381 , and a part of the insulating part 2372 is located in the second gap 2382 and the third gap 2383 Inside.
  • the part of the insulating part 2372 located in the third gap 2383 and the second gap 2382 and the part of the insulating part 2372 covering the outside of the electrode lead-out hole 2311 may be a whole structure, or may be separate structures independent of each other .
  • the connecting member 233 can clamp the electrode terminal 232 by circumferentially wrapping the outer circumference of the electrode terminal 232 .
  • the connecting member 233 can also realize the clamping of the electrode terminal 232 in other ways.
  • the connecting member 233 includes two clamping parts arranged oppositely, and the two clamping parts are respectively clamped on the electrode terminal. 232 on both sides in the radial direction (the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction Z of the end cover 231 ), so as to realize the clamping and fixing of the electrode terminal 232 by the connecting member 233 .
  • the connecting member 233 can also be fixed to the electrode terminal 232 in a non-clamping manner, for example, the connecting member 233 and the electrode terminal 232 are connected and fixed by screws, bolts, pins, and the like.
  • FIG. 20 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a battery cell 20 provided by some embodiments of the present application. The method includes:
  • the end cap assembly 23 includes an end cap 231, an electrode terminal 232 and a connecting piece 233, the end cap 231 is provided with an electrode lead-out hole 2311, and the electrode lead-out hole 2311 penetrates the end cap 231 in the thickness direction Z
  • the cover 231, the electrode terminal 232 is used for electrical connection with the electrode assembly 22, the connecting piece 233 is used for connecting the end cover 231 to fix the electrode terminal 232, wherein the electrode terminal 232 is opposite to the electrode lead-out hole 2311, and the electrode terminal 232 is at the end
  • the projection of the cover 231 in the thickness direction Z does not overlap with the projection of the end cover 231 in the thickness direction Z;
  • S500 Cover the end cap 231 on the opening 211 of the casing 21 , and electrically connect the electrode terminal 232 to the electrode assembly 22 .
  • step S100, step S200 and step S300 is not limited.
  • step S300 may be performed first, then step S200 may be performed, and then step S100 may be performed.
  • the battery cell 20 manufactured by the above method, reference may be made to the battery cell 20 provided in the above embodiments, and the electrode assembly 22 in the battery cell 20 may refer to the electrode assembly 22 provided in the above embodiments.
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 2000 for manufacturing a battery cell 20 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides an apparatus 2000 for manufacturing a battery cell 20 .
  • the manufacturing apparatus 2000 includes the first A providing device 2100 , a second providing device 2200 , a third providing device 2300 and an assembling device 2400 .
  • the first providing device 2100 is used to provide the housing 21 , and the housing 21 has an opening 211 .
  • the second providing device 2200 is used to provide the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the third providing device 2300 is used to provide the end cap assembly 23 .
  • the end cap assembly 23 includes an end cap 231 , an electrode terminal 232 and a connecting member 233 .
  • the end cap 231 is provided with an electrode lead-out hole 2311 , and the electrode lead-out hole 2311 has a thickness of the end cap 231 .
  • the end cap 231 is penetrated in the direction Z, the electrode terminal 232 is used for electrical connection with the electrode assembly 22, and the connecting piece 233 is used for connecting the end cap 231 to fix the electrode terminal 232, wherein the electrode terminal 232 is arranged opposite to the electrode lead-out hole 2311, and The projection of the electrode terminal 232 in the thickness direction Z of the end cap 231 does not overlap with the projection of the end cap 231 in the thickness direction Z.
  • the assembling device 2400 is used for accommodating the electrode assembly 22 in the casing 21 and covering the end cap 231 on the opening 211 .
  • the electrode terminal 232 is electrically connected to the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the battery cell 20 manufactured by the above-mentioned manufacturing equipment 2000 reference may be made to the battery cell 20 provided in the above embodiments, and the electrode assembly 22 in the battery cell 20 may refer to the electrode assembly 22 provided in the above-mentioned embodiments.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

一种端盖组件（23）、电池单体（20）、电池（100）、电池单体（20）的制造设备（2000）和方法，属于电池技术领域。端盖组件（23）包括端盖（231）、电极端子（232）和连接件（233）。端盖（231）设有电极引出孔（2311），电极引出孔（2311）在端盖（231）的厚度方向（Z）上贯穿端盖（231）。电极端子（232）用于与电极组件（22）电连接。连接件（233）用于连接端盖（231）以将电极端子（232）固定。其中，电极端子（232）与电极引出孔（2311）相对设置，并且电极端子（232）在厚度方向（Z）上的投影与端盖（231）在厚度方向（Z）上的投影不重叠。连接件（233）起到连接电极端子（232）和端盖（231）的作用，从而将电极端子（232）与端盖（231）固定。由于电极端子（232）与电极引出孔（2311）相对设置，且电极端子（232）在厚度方向（Z）上的投影与端盖（231）在厚度方向（Z）上的投影不重叠，使得电极端子（232）的径向尺寸更小，减小了电极端子（232）所占用的空间，节省材料，具有更好的经济性。

Description

端盖组件、电池单体、电池、电池单体的制造设备和方法 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种端盖组件、电池单体、电池、电池单体的制造设备和方法。
背景技术
目前，车辆使用较多的电池一般是锂离子电池，锂离子电池作为一种可再充电电池，具有体积小、能量密度高、功率密度高、循环使用次数多和存储时间长等优点。
可再充电电池一般包括外壳、端盖组件和电极组件，端盖组件盖合于外壳上，以为电极组件和电解液提供一个密闭的空间，电极组件的电能可通过端盖组件的电极端子引出至外壳外。
对于一般的端盖组件而言，电极端子受到端盖的结构限制，电极端子所占用的空间较大。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种端盖组件、电池单体、电池、电池单体的制造设备和方法，以改善电极端子占用的空间较大的问题。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种端盖组件，用于电池单体，电池单体包括电极组件，端盖组件包括端盖、电极端子和连接件；所述端盖设有电极引出孔，所述电极引出孔在所述端盖的厚度方向上贯穿所述端盖；所述电极端子用于与所述电极组件电连接；所述连接件用于连接所述端盖以将所述电极端子固定；其中，所述电极端子与所述电极引出孔相对设置，并且所述电极端子在所述厚度方向上的投影与所述端盖在所述厚度方向上的投影不重叠。
上述方案中，连接件起到连接电极端子和端盖的作用，从而将电极端子与端盖固定。由于电极端子与电极引出孔相对设置，且电极端子在厚度方向上的投影与端盖在厚度方向上的投影不重叠，即电极端子未覆盖端盖上的电极引出孔，使得电极端子的径向尺寸更小，减小了电极端子所占用的空间，节省材料，具有更好的经济性。
在一些实施例中，所述连接件夹持所述电极端子，以使所述电极端子固定于所述连接件。
上述方案中，连接件通过夹持电极端子的方式，来实现电极端子的固定，结构简 单，电极端子在连接件的夹持作用下不易脱离连接件。
在一些实施例中，所述连接件周向包覆于所述电极端子的外周，以使所述连接件夹持所述电极端子。
上述方案中，连接件包覆于电极端子的外周，使得连接件固定电极端子后的整体结构更加紧凑。
在一些实施例中，所述连接件包括围体、第一限位部和第二限位部；
所述第一限位部和所述第二限位部均设于所述围体的内侧壁并沿所述围体的周向布置，所述第一限位部和所述第二限位部在所述厚度方向上间隔布置，所述围体、所述第一限位部和所述第二限位部共同限定出容纳空间，所述电极端子至少部分位于所述容纳空间内。
上述方案中，电极端子至少部分位于由围体、第一限位部、第二限位部三者围共同限定出的容纳空间内，使得第一限位部和第二限位部均对电极端子起到轴向限位作用，围体可对电极端子起到径向限位作用，可有效限制电极端子脱离连接件。
在一些实施例中，所述电极端子包括主体部和凸出部；
所述主体部用于与所述电极组件电连接，所述凸出部连接于所述主体部并沿垂直于所述厚度方向的方向延伸至所述容纳空间内。
上述方案中，凸出部沿垂直于端盖的厚度方向的方向延伸至容纳空间内，使得第一限位部和第二限位部对电极端子的凸出部起到限位作用，以限制电极端子沿端盖的厚度方向脱离连接件。
在一些实施例中，所述第一限位部较所述第二限位部更靠近于所述电极组件，所述第二限位部的内侧壁限定出穿出孔，所述主体部沿所述厚度方向穿过所述穿出孔并延伸至所述连接件外。
上述方案中，主体部沿端盖的厚度方向穿过穿出孔并延伸至连接件外，便于电极端子与其他构件连接。
在一些实施例中，所述电极端子与所述第一限位部和第二限位部相抵，以限制所述电极端子相对所述连接件沿所述厚度方向移动。
上述方案中，电极端子与第一限位部和第二限位部相抵，可有效限制电极端子相对连接件沿厚度方向移动。
在一些实施例中，所述连接件与所述端盖密封连接。
上述方案中，连接件与端盖密封连接，保证连接件与端盖之间的密封性。
在一些实施例中，所述连接件至少部分插设于所述电极引出孔内。
上述方案中，连接件至少部分插设于电极引出孔内，一方面，可实现对连接件的定位；另一方面，合理利用了电极引出孔内部的空间，可有效减小连接件占用端盖外部的空间。
在一些实施例中，所述电极端子至少部分插设于所述电极引出孔内。
上述方案中，电极组件至少部分插设于电极引出孔内，合理利用了电极引出孔内部的空间，可有效减小电极端子占用端盖外部的空间。
在一些实施例中，所述端盖在所述厚度方向上具有相对布置的第一端面和第二端面，所述第一端面较所述第二端面更靠近于所述电极组件；沿所述第二端面指向所述第一端面的方向，所述连接件不超出所述第一端面。
上述方案中，连接件不超过端盖更靠近于电极组件的第一端面，连接件不会占用端盖的外部位于第一端面远离第二端面一侧的空间，为电池单体中的其他部件腾出更多的空间。
在一些实施例中，所述连接件在所述厚度方向上具有相对布置的第三端面和第四端面；所述第三端面与所述第一端面平齐，所述第二端面在所述厚度方向上位于所述第三端面与所述第四端面之间。
上述方案中，第三端面与第一端面平齐，一方面，提高了连接件和端盖靠近电极组件的一侧的平整性，另一方面，使得连接件更深地插设于电极引出孔内，提高了连接件插设于电极引出孔内后的稳定性。由于第二端面在厚度方向上位于第三端面与第四端面之间，使得连接件具有超出端盖的第二端面的部分，便于连接件的安装。
在一些实施例中，所述连接件的外侧壁设有抵靠部，所述抵靠部用于在所述厚度方向上抵靠于所述端盖。
上述方案中，连接件的外侧壁上的抵靠部在端盖的厚度方向上抵靠于端盖，实现对连接件在端盖厚度方向上的限位。
在一些实施例中，所述端盖上设有用于容纳所述抵靠部的容纳槽。
上述方案中，端盖上的容纳槽可容纳抵靠部，减小抵靠部占用端盖外部的空间。
在一些实施例中，所述抵靠部沿所述连接件的外侧壁周向布置，所述容纳槽环绕所述电极引出孔布置。
上述方案中，抵靠部沿连接件的外侧壁周向布置，容纳槽环绕电极引出孔布置，使得抵靠部也环绕电极引出孔布置，提高了连接件连接于端盖后的稳定性。
在一些实施例中，所述端盖在所述厚度方向上具有相对布置的第一端面和第二端面，所述第一端面较所述第二端面更靠近于所述电极组件；所述容纳槽开设于所述第一端面或所述第二端面。
上述方案中，容纳槽可以开设于端盖的第一端面，也可以开设于端盖的第二端面。若容纳槽开设于端盖的第一端面，抵靠部则沿第一端面指向第二端面的方向抵靠于端盖；若容纳槽开设于端盖的第二端面，抵靠部则沿第二端面指向第一端面的方向抵靠于端盖。
在一些实施例中，所述抵靠部具有用于与端盖焊接的焊接面；所述容纳槽开设于 所述第一端面，所述焊接面与所述第一端面平齐；或，所述容纳槽开设于所述第二端面，所述焊接面与所述第二端面平齐。
上述方案中，在容纳槽开设于第一端面的情况下，抵靠部的焊接面与第一端面平齐，可在焊接面与第一端面交界位置进行焊接，便于将抵靠部与端盖焊接固定；在容纳槽开设于第二端面的情况下，抵靠部的焊接面与第二端面平齐，可在焊接面与第二端面交界位置进行焊接，便于将抵靠部与端盖焊接固定。
在一些实施例中，所述端盖组件还包括阻隔件；所述连接件的内轮廓与所述电极端子的外轮廓之间形成容纳间隙，所述阻隔件至少部分设于所述容纳间隙内，以阻隔所述电极端子与所述连接件接触。
上述方案中，位于容纳间隙内的阻隔件对连接件与电极端子起到阻隔作用，阻隔电极端子与连接架直接接触。
在一些实施例中，所述阻隔件包括密封部；所述密封部至少部分位于所述容纳间隙内，以实现所述电极端子与连接件的密封连接。
上述方案中，通过阻隔件中的密封部可实现电极端子与连接件的密封连接，电池单体中的电解质(如电解液)不易从连接件与端盖之间外泄。
在一些实施例中，所述阻隔件包括绝缘部；所述绝缘部至少部分位于所述容纳间隙内，以实现所述电极端子与连接件的绝缘隔离。
上述方案中，通过阻隔件中的绝缘部可实现电极端子与连接件的绝缘隔离。
在一些实施例中，所述阻隔件包括导电部；所述导电部至少部分位于所述容纳间隙内，以实现所述电极端子与连接件的电连接。
上述方案中，通过阻隔件中的导电部可实现电极端子与连接件的电连接。
在一些实施例中，所述连接件一部分插设于所述电极引出孔内，所述连接件一部分位于所述电极引出孔外；所述阻隔件的一部分包覆于所述连接件位于所述电极引出孔外的部分。
上述方案中，阻隔件的一部分包覆于连接件位于电极引出孔外的部分，阻隔件对连接件暴露于端盖外的部分起到很好的保护作用。
在一些实施例中，所述连接件包括围体和第一限位部；
所述第一限位部设于所述围体的内侧壁并沿所述围体的周向布置，所述电极端子至少部分位于所述围体内，所述第一限位部与所述电极端子形成第一间隙，所述围体与所述电极端子形成的与所述第一间隙相连的第二间隙，所述第一间隙和第二间隙均形成所述容纳间隙的一部分，所述阻隔件的一部分位于所述第一间隙内，所述阻隔件的一部分位于所述第二间隙内。
上述方案中，阻隔件一部分位于第一限位部与电极端子形成的第一间隙内，阻隔件的一部分位于围体与电极端子形成的第二间隙内，以将电极端子与连接件阻隔。电极 端子可通过阻隔件位于第一间隙内的部分抵靠于第一限位部，使得第一限位部对电极端子起到轴向限位的作用；电极端子可通过阻隔件位于第二间隙内的部分抵靠于围体，使得围体对电极端子起到径向限位的作用。
在一些实施例中，所述连接件还包括在端盖的厚度方向上与第一限位部间隔布置的第二限位部；所述第二限位部设于所述围体的内侧壁并沿所述围体的周向布置，所述第二限位部与所述电极端子形成与所述第二间隙相连的第三间隙，所述第三间隙形成所述容纳间隙的一部分，所述阻隔件一部分位于所述第三间隙内。
上述方案中，阻隔件一部分位于第三间隙，电极端子可通过阻隔件位于第三间隙内的部分抵靠于第二限位部，在第一限位部和第二限位部的限位作用下，可限制电极端子轴向移动。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，包括外壳、电极组件和第一方面任意一个实施例提供的端盖组件；外壳具有开口；电极组件容纳于所述外壳内；所述端盖被配置为封盖于所述开口，所述电极端子被配置为与所述电极组件电连接。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供的一种电池，包括箱体和第二方面任意一个实施例提供的电池单体，所述电池单体收容于所述箱体内。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供一种用电设备，包括第二方面任意一个实施例提供的电池单体。
第五方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体的制造方法，包括：提供外壳，所述外壳具有开口；提供电极组件；提供端盖组件，端盖组件包括端盖、电极端子和连接件，所述端盖设有电极引出孔，所述电极引出孔在所述端盖的厚度方向上贯穿所述端盖，所述电极端子用于与所述电极组件电连接，所述连接件用于连接所述端盖以将所述电极端子固定，其中，所述电极端子与所述电极引出孔相对设置，并且所述电极端子在所述厚度方向上的投影与所述端盖在所述厚度方向上的投影不重叠；将所述电极组件容纳于所述外壳内；将所述端盖封盖于所述开口，并使所述电极端子与所述电极组件电连接。
第六方面，本申请实施例还提供一种电池单体的制造设备，包括第一提供装置、第二提供装置、第三提供装置和组装装置；第一提供装置用于提供外壳，所述外壳具有开口；第二提供装置用于提供电极组件；第三提供装置用于提供端盖组件，端盖组件包括端盖、电极端子和连接件，所述端盖设有电极引出孔，所述电极引出孔在所述端盖的厚度方向上贯穿所述端盖，所述电极端子用于与所述电极组件电连接，所述连接件用于连接所述端盖以将所述电极端子固定，其中，所述电极端子与所述电极引出孔相对设置，并且所述电极端子在所述厚度方向上的投影与所述端盖在所述厚度方向上的投影不重叠；组装装置用于将所述电极组件容纳于所述外壳内，并将所述端盖封盖于所述开口；其中，所述电极端子与所述电极组件电连接。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例 中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸图；
图3为图2所示的电池模块的结构示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸图；
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的电极组件的结构示意图；
图6为本申请一些实施例提供的端盖组件的结构示意图；
图7为图6所示的端盖组件的俯视图；
图8为本申请又一些实施例提供的端盖组件的结构示意图；
图9为本申请再一些实施例提供的端盖组件的结构示意图；
图10为本申请其他实施例提供的电极组件的结构示意图；
图11为本申请一些实施例提供的电极端子与连接件的连接(直接连接)示意图；
图12为本申请又一些实施提供的电极端子与连接件的连接(直接连接)示意图；
图13为本申请一些实施例提供的电极端子与连接件的连接(间接连接)示意图；
图14为本申请又一些实施例提供的电极端子与连接件的连接(间接连接)示意图；
图15为本申请再一些实施例提供的电极端子与连接件的连接(间接连接)示意图；
图16为本申请另一些实施例提供的电极端子与连接件的连接(间接连接)示意图；
图17为本申请又另一些实施例提供的电极端子与连接件的连接(间接 连接)示意图；
图18为本申请再另一些实施例提供的电极端子与连接件的连接(间接连接)示意图；
图19为本申请一些实施例提供的电极端子、连接件和端盖的连接示意图；
图20为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的制造方法的流程图；
图21为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的制造设备的示意性框图；
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
标记说明：10-箱体；11-第一部分；12-第二部分；13-密封空间；20-电池单体；21-外壳；211-开口；22-电极组件；221-正极片；222-负极片；223-隔离膜；23-端盖组件；231-端盖；2311-电极引出孔；2312-第一端面；2313-第二端面；2314-容纳槽；232-电极端子；2321-主体部；2322-凸出部；2323-环形凹部；233-连接件；2331-第三端面；2332-第四端面；2333-抵靠部；2333a-焊接面；2334-围体；2334a-环形凸部；2335-第一限位部；2335a-穿入孔；2336-第二限位部；2336a-穿出孔；2337-容纳空间；235-转接片；2351-片主体；2352-凸起；236-绝缘件；237-阻隔件；2371-密封部；2372-绝缘部；2373-导电部；238-容纳间隙；2381-第一间隙；2382-第二间隙；2382a-过渡间隙；2383-第三间隙；24-泄压机构；30-电池模块；31-汇流部件；100-电池；200-控制器；300-马达；1000-车辆；2000-制造设备；2100-第一提供装置；2200-第二提供装置；2300-第三提供装置；2400-组装装置；Z-厚度方向。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本 申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更 高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极片、负极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池单体还可以包括外壳和端盖组件，端盖组件盖合于外壳上，以为电极组件和电解液提供一个密闭的空间，电极组件与端盖组件的电极端子电连接，电极组件的电能可通过端盖组件的电极端子引出至外壳外。
发明人发现，对于一般的端盖组件而言，电极端子受到端盖的结构限制，电极端子占用的空间较大。经研究发现，在端盖组件中，电极端子需要覆盖端盖上的电极引出孔，从而导致电极端子占用的空间较大。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种技术方案，通过连接件将电极端子与端盖固定，将电极端子与电极引出孔相对设置，并使电极端子在厚度方向上的投影与端盖在厚度方向上的投影不重叠。这样使得电极端子的径向尺寸更小，减小了电极端子所占用的空间，节省材料，具有更好的经济性。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池以及使用电池的用电设备。
用电设备可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电设备不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电设备为车辆为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图，车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。
车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在一些实施例中，电池100不仅仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图，电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20(图2未示出)，电池单体20收容于箱体10内。
箱体10用于为电池单体20提供密闭空间，箱体10可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。图2中，示例性的，箱体10为长方体。
在一些实施例中，如图2所示，箱体10可以包括第一部分11和第二部分12，第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合，以限定出用于容纳电池单体20的密封空间13。第一部分11可以是一侧开口的空心结构，第二部分12也可以是一侧开口的空心结构，第二部分12的开口侧盖合于第一部分11 的开口侧，则形成具有密封空间13的箱体10。
在图2中，第二部分12位于第一部分11的上侧，第二部分12也可以称之为上箱体，第一部分11也可以称之为下箱体。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是一个、也可以是多个。若电池单体20为多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内；当然，也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块30，多个电池模块30再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。电池单体20可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
在一些实施例中，请参照图3，图3为图2所示的电池模块30的结构示意图。电池单体20为多个，多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块30，多个电池模块30再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。
在一些实施例中，电池100还可以包括汇流部件31，多个电池单体20之间可通过汇流部件31实现电连接，以实现多个电池单体20的串联或并联或混联。以两个电池单体20串联为例，一个电池单体20的正电极端子与另一个电池单体20的负电极端子通过汇流部件31连接，以实现两个电池单体20的串联。
请参照图4，图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的爆炸图。电池单体20可以包括外壳21、电极组件22和端盖组件23，外壳21具有开口211，电极组件22容纳于外壳21内，端盖组件23包括端盖231和电极端子232，端盖231用于封盖于开口211，电极端子232用于与电极组件22电连接。
外壳21的材质也可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
外壳21可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。外壳21的形状可根据电极组件22的具体形状来确定。比如，若电极组件22为圆柱体结构，外壳21则可选用为圆柱体结构；若电极组件22为长方体结构，外壳21 则可选用长方体结构。在图4中，示例性的，外壳21和电极组件22均为长方体结构。
电极组件22可以包括正极片221、负极片222和隔离膜223。在一些实施例中，请参照图5，图5为本申请一些实施例提供的电极组件22的结构示意图，电极组件22可以是由正极片221、隔离膜223和负极片222通过卷绕形成的卷绕式结构。在又一些实施例中，电极组件22也可以是由正极片221、隔离膜223和负极片222通过层叠布置形成的层叠式结构。
在一些实施例中，电极组件22还可以包括正极极耳(图未示出)和负极极耳(图未示出)，可以是正极片221中未涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极极耳，可以是负极片222中未涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极极耳。
在本申请实施例中，端盖组件23的端盖231用于封盖外壳21的开口211，以形成用于容纳电池单体20的密闭空间(图未示出)。密闭空间还用于容纳电解质，例如电解液。端盖组件23的电极端子232作为输出电极组件22的电能的部件，电极端子232用于与电极组件22电连接，即电极端子232与电极组件22的极耳电连接，比如，电极端子232与极耳通过转接片235(参见图6)连接，以实现电极端子232与极耳的电连接。
需要说明的，外壳21的开口211可以是一个，也可以是两个。
在一些实施例中，如图4所示，外壳21的开口211为一个，端盖组件23也可以为一个，端盖组件23中可设置两个电极端子232，两个电极端子232分别为正极电极端子和负极电极端子，正极电极端子和负极电极端子分别用于与电极组件22正极极耳和负极极耳电连接。具有这种结构的电池单体20可以是方形电池单体20。
在又一些实施例中，外壳21的开口211为两个，比如，两个开口211设置在外壳21相对的两侧，端盖组件23也可以为两个，两个端盖组件23分别盖合于外壳21的两个开口211处。在这种情况下，可以是一个端盖组件23中的电极端子232为正极电极端子，用于与电极组件22的正极极耳电连接；另一个端盖组件23中的电极端子232为负极电极端子，用于与电极组件22的负极片222电连接。具有这种结构的电池单体20可以是柱形电 池单体20。
在一些实施例中，电池单体20还可以包括泄压机构24，泄压机构24安装于端盖231上，泄压机构24用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到预定值时泄放电池单体20内部的压力。
示例性的，泄压机构24可以是防爆阀、防爆片、气阀、泄压阀或安全阀等。
以下结合附图对端盖组件23的具体结构进行详细阐述。
请参照图6和图7，图6为本申请一些实施例提供的端盖组件23的结构示意图，图7为图6所示的端盖组件23的俯视图。端盖组件23包括端盖231、电极端子232和连接件233。端盖231设有电极引出孔2311，电极引出孔2311在端盖231的厚度方向Z上贯穿端盖231。电极端子232用于与电极组件22(参见图4)电连接。连接件233用于连接端盖231以将电极端子232固定。其中，电极端子232与电极引出孔2311相对设置，并且电极端子232在端盖231的厚度方向Z上的投影与端盖231在厚度方向Z上的投影不重叠。
由于电极端子232与电极引出孔2311相对设置，且电极端子232在端盖231的厚度方向Z上的投影与端盖231在厚度方向Z上的投影不重叠，即电极端子232未覆盖端盖231上的电极引出孔2311，使得电极端子232的径向(垂直于端盖231的厚度方向Z的方向)尺寸更小，减小了电极端子232所占用的空间，节省材料，具有更好的经济性。
需要说明的是，上述电极端子232的径向并不限制电极端子232只能为圆柱形，电极端子232也可以是其他形状，比如，电极端子232为多棱柱状。电极端子232与电极引出孔2311相对设置，即电极端子232与电极引出孔2311在端盖231的厚度方向Z上基本对齐，电极端子232与电极引出孔2311可以同轴设置，也可以是电极端子232的轴线与电极引出孔2311的轴线平行设置。由于电极端子232与电极引出孔2311相对设置，且电极端子232在端盖231的厚度方向Z上的投影与端盖231在厚度方向Z上的投影不重叠，若将电极端子232沿端盖231的厚度方向Z移动，电极端子232将穿过电极引出孔2311，而不会与端盖231发生干涉。
在端盖组件23中，电极端子232可以是一个，也可以是两个。若端盖组件23中的电极端子232为一个，端盖231上的电极引出孔2311也可以设置为一个。在电池单体20中，端盖组件23则可设置为两个，一个端盖组件23的电极端子232为正极电极端子，另一个端盖组件23的电极端子232为负极电极端子。若端盖组件23为两个，端盖231上的电极引出孔2311也可以设置为两个。在电池单体20中，端盖组件23则可设置为一个，端盖组件23中的一个电极端子232为正极电极端子，端盖组件23中的另一个电极端子232为负极电极端子。在图7中，示例性的示出了端盖组件23中的电极端子232为两个的情况。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图6，端盖组件23还可以包括转接片235，电极端子232与电极组件22(参见图4)通过转接片235电连接。
转接片235可以是金属导体，比如，铜、铁、铝等。
示例性的，转接片235包括片主体2351和凸起2352，片主体2351位于端盖231靠近电极组件22一侧，片主体2351用于与电极组件22的极耳连接，凸起2352连接于片主体2351，并从片主体2351向靠近端盖231的一侧凸出，凸起2352可以延伸至电极引出孔2311内与电极端子232连接，以实现电极端子232与电极组件22的电连接。
在一些实施例中，端盖组件23还可以包括绝缘件236，绝缘件236用于实现端盖231与转接片235的绝缘隔离。
示例性的，在端盖231的厚度方向Z上，绝缘件236至少部分位于在转接片235的片主体2351与端盖231之间，以实现端盖231与转接片235的绝缘隔离。
绝缘件236在端盖231与转接片235之间起到绝缘作用，绝缘件236为绝缘材质，其可以是橡胶、塑料等材质制成，塑料可以是PBT(Polybutylene terephthalate，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)、PET(Polyethylene terephthalate，聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)、PA(Polyamide，聚酰胺)等。
在端盖组件23中，端盖231用于盖合于外壳21(参见图4)的开口211。端盖231可以是板状结构，其可以是圆形、矩形等。端盖231的形状 可以根据外壳21的形状来确定。比如，外壳21为长方体，端盖231则可以选用矩形端盖；再如，外壳21为圆柱体，端盖231则可以选用圆形端盖。
端盖231在其厚度方向Z上具有相对的第一端面2312和第二端面2313，第一端面2312较第二端面2313更靠近于电极组件22(参见图4)，电极引出孔2311贯通第一端面2312和第二端面2313。
端盖231上的电极引出孔2311可以是等径孔，即电极引出孔2311的半径在端盖231的厚度方向Z上不改变。端盖231上的电极引出孔2311也可以是变径孔，比如，阶梯孔。当然，电极端子232可以是等径的圆柱结构，也可以是变径结构，比如阶梯轴。电极引出孔2311的最大直径不小于电极端子232的最大直径，以使得电极端子232在端盖231的厚度方向Z上的投影与端盖231在厚度方向Z上的投影不重叠。
在本申请实施例中，连接件233起到连接电极端子232和端盖231的作用，从而将电极端子232与端盖231固定。连接件233与端盖231可以通过多种连接方式连接，电极端子232与连接件233也可以通过多种连接方式连接。以下对连接件233与端盖231连接的具体结构，以及电极端子232与连接件233连接的具体结构进行详细阐述。
首先对连接件233与端盖231连接的具体结构进行详细阐述。
在一些实施例中，连接件233与端盖231密封连接，以保证连接件233与端盖231之间的密封性，电池单体20中的电解质(如电解液)不易从连接件233与端盖231的连接位置外泄。
连接件233与端盖231之间的密封连接，可以通过多种方式实现。比如，通过连接件233与端盖231之间的紧密配合来实现两者密封连接，又如，通过在连接件233与端盖231之间设置密封件来实现两者的密封连接，再如，将连接件233与端盖231焊接在一起来实现两者的密封连接。
在一些实施例中，连接件233至少部分插设于电极引出孔2311内。这种结构一方面，可实现对连接件233的定位；另一方面，合理利用了电极引出孔2311内部的空间，可有效减小连接件233占用端盖231外部的空间。
在本实施例中，可以通过多种方式来实现连接件233与端盖231之间的密封连接。比如，连接件233的外侧壁与电极引出孔2311的孔壁形成紧密的配合，以实现连接件233与端盖231之间的密封连接；再如，在电极引出孔2311的孔壁与连接件233外侧壁之间设置有密封圈，以实现连接件233与端盖231之间的密封连接；再如，连接件233与端盖231通过焊接的方式连接一起，使焊料封堵于连接件233的外侧壁与电极引出孔2311的孔壁之间的间隙，以实现连接件233与端盖231之间的密封连接。
在一些实施例中，沿端盖231的第二端面2313指向第一端面2312的方向，连接件233不超出端盖231的第一端面2312。这种结构使得连接件233不会占用端盖231的外部位于第一端面2312远离第二端面2313一侧的空间，为电池单体20中的其他部件(如绝缘件236)腾出更多的空间，以为电极组件22提供更多的空间，以提高电池单体20的能量密度。
可选地，连接件233在端盖231的厚度方向Z上具有相对布置的第三端面2331和第四端面2332，第三端面2331较第四端面2332更靠近于电极组件22。其中，第三端面2331与第一端面2312平齐，第二端面2313在端盖231的厚度方向Z上位于第三端面2331与第四端面2332之间。
由于第三端面2331与第一端面2312平齐，一方面，提高了连接件233和端盖231靠近电极组件22的一侧的平整性，另一方面，使得连接件233更深地插设于电极引出孔2311内，提高了连接件233插设于电极引出孔2311内后的稳定性。由于第二端面2313在端盖231的厚度方向Z上位于第三端面2331与第四端面2332之间，使得连接件233具有超出端盖231的第二端面2313的部分，便于连接件233的安装。
需要说明的是，第三端面2331与第一端面2312平齐，并不限制为第一端面2312与第二端面2313绝对平齐，允许第三端面2331与第一端面2312在误差范围内存在较小距离。
第二端面2313在端盖231的厚度方向Z上位于第三端面2331与第四端面2332之间，即连接件233一部分插设于电极引出孔2311内。在其他实施例中，也可以是第四端面2332位于第一端面2312与第二端面2313之间，使得连接件233全部插设于电极引出孔2311内。
在一些实施例，请参照图8和图9，图8为本申请又一些实施例提供的端盖组件23的结构示意图，图9为本申请再一些实施例提供的端盖组件23的结构示意图，连接件233的外侧壁设有抵靠部2333，抵靠部2333用于在端盖231的厚度方向Z上抵靠于端盖231。
连接件233在插入电极引出孔2311内的过程中，当抵靠部2333抵靠在端盖231的厚度方向Z上抵靠于端盖231时，连接件233则无法进一步向电极引出孔2311内插入，实现对连接件233在端盖231的厚度方向Z上的限位。
抵靠部2333与端盖231有多种抵靠形式，比如，抵靠部2333与端盖231的第一端面2312直接抵靠；再如抵靠部2333与端盖231的第二端面2313直接抵靠。
当然，抵靠部2333与端盖231还可以有其他抵靠形式。在一些实施例中，端盖231上设有用于容纳抵靠部2333的容纳槽2314。即端盖231与容纳槽2314的槽底壁抵靠。端盖231上容纳槽2314的设置，可减小抵靠部2333占用端盖231外部的空间。
抵靠部2333可以沿连接件233的外侧壁周向布置，容纳槽2314可以环绕电极引出孔2311布置。示例性的，抵靠部2333和容纳槽2314均为环形结构。
在一些实施例中，如图8所示，容纳槽2314可以开设于端盖231的第一端面2312。在另一些实施例中，如图9所示，也可以开设于第二端面2313。若容纳槽2314开设于端盖231的第一端面2312，抵靠部2333则沿第一端面2312指向第二端面2313的方向抵靠于端盖231；若容纳槽2314开设于端盖231的第二端面2313，抵靠部2333则沿第二端面2313指向第一端面2312的方向抵靠于端盖231。
在一些实施例中，抵靠部2333与端盖231焊接，以实现连接件233与端盖231的固定。
示例性的，抵靠部2333具有用于与端盖231焊接的焊接面2333a。如图8所示，若容纳槽2314开设于第一端面2312，抵靠部2333的焊接面2333a可以与第一端面2312平齐，在这种情况下，可在焊接面2333a与第一 端面2312交界位置进行焊接，便于将抵靠部2333与端盖231焊接固定；如图9所示，若容纳槽2314开设于第二端面2313，焊接面2333a可以与第二端面2313平齐，在这种情况下，可在焊接面2333a与第二端面2313交界位置进行焊接，便于将抵靠部2333与端盖231焊接固定。
需要说明的是，焊接面2333a与第一端面2312平齐，并不限制为焊接面2333a与第一端面2312绝对平齐(共面)，允许焊接面2333a与第一端面2312在误差范围内存在较小距离。同样，焊接面2333a与第二端面2313平齐，并不限制为焊接面2333a与第二端面2313绝对平齐(共面)，允许焊接面2333a与第二端面2313在误差范围内存在较小距离。
在抵靠部2333沿连接件233的外侧壁周向布置，容纳槽2314环绕电极引出孔2311布置的情况下，可沿着焊接面2333a的边缘整周焊接，实现连接件233与端盖231之间的密封连接。
由上述各实施例可知，可以通过连接件233至少部分插设于电极引出孔2311内，来实现连接件233与端盖231的连接。在其他实施例中，请参照图10，图10为本申请其他实施例提供的电极组件22的结构示意图，连接件233也可以不插设于电极引出孔2311内，比如，连接件233位于端盖231远离电极组件22的一侧，连接件233的第三端面2331与端盖231的第二端面2313接触，并焊接在一起。
在一些实施例中，如图6、8和图9所示，电极端子232与端盖231通过连接件233在一起后，电极端子232可以至少部分插设于电极引出孔2311内，合理利用了电极引出孔2311内部的空间，可有效减小电极端子232占用端盖231外部的空间。当然，如图10所示，电极端子232也可以位于完全位于电极引出孔2311外。
接下来对电极端子232与连接件233连接的具体结构进行详细阐述。
在一些实施例中，连接件233夹持于电极端子232，以使电极端子232固定于连接件233。
连接件233通过夹持电极端子232的方式，来实现电极端子232的固定，结构简单，电极端子232在连接件233的夹持作用下不易脱离连接件 233。
连接件233可以是多种结构，以实现对电极端子232的夹持固定。连接件233对电极端子232的夹持，可以是对电极端子232的径向(垂直于端盖231的厚度方向Z的方向)夹持，也可以是对电极端子232的轴向(端盖231的厚度方向Z)夹持。
在一些实施例中，请参照图11和图12，图11为本申请一些实施例提供的电极端子232与连接件233的连接(直接连接)示意图，图12为本申请又一些实施提供的电极端子232与连接件233的连接(直接连接)示意图，连接件233周向包覆于电极端子232的外周，以使连接件233夹持于电极端子232。这种结构使得连接件233固定电极端子232后的整体结构更加紧凑。需要说明的是，连接件233周向包覆于电极端子232的外周，这里指的周向即为在平面内的顺时针方向或逆时针方向，该平面垂直于端盖231的厚度方向Z。这里指的包覆可以是整周包覆，也可以是非整周包覆。若连接件233周向整周包覆于电极端子232的外周，连接件233可以为整环结构；若连接件233非整周包覆于电极端子232的外周，连接件233可以是圆心角大于180度的“C”形结构。示例性的，在图11和图12中，连接件233周向整周包覆于电极端子232的外周。
在连接件233至少部分插设于电极引出孔2311内的情况下，连接件233周向包覆于电极端子232的外周，使得电极端子232的外侧壁与电极引出孔2311的孔壁隔开，从而使得电极端子232的径向尺寸小于电极引出孔2311的径向尺寸，使得电极端子232在端盖231的厚度方向Z上的投影与端盖231在厚度方向Z上的投影不重叠。
在将连接件233插设于电极引出孔2311的过程中，连接件233插入电极引出孔2311一定深度则可使电极端子232至少部分插设于电极引出孔2311内。
在一些实施例中，请参照图11，图11为图6所示的电极端子232与连接件233的连接示意图。连接件233包括围体2334和第一限位部2335，第一限位部2335设于围体2334的内侧壁并沿围体2334的周向布置，电极端子232至少部分位于围体2334内，第一限位部2335用于限制电极端子 232向靠近电极组件22的方向脱离连接件233。
其中，围体2334包覆于连接件233的外周，围体2334可对电极端子232起到径向限位作用。示例性的，电极端子232的外侧壁与围体2334的内侧壁相抵，实现连接件233的可对电极端子232径向(垂直于端盖231的厚度方向Z的方向)夹持，即连接件233的围体2334对电极端子232施加的夹持力在电极端子232的径向(垂直于端盖231的厚度方向Z的方向)上。这里所指的相抵，可以是直接相抵，也可以是间接相抵。示例性的，在图11中，电极端子232的外侧壁与围体2334的内侧壁直接相抵。
在电极端子232的外侧壁与围体2334的内侧壁直接相抵的情况下，连接件233可以是绝缘部件，如橡胶、塑料等，也可以是导电部件，如铜、铁、铝、具有导电功能的塑胶件等。若要实现电极端子232与端盖231的绝缘，连接件233则可为绝缘部件；若要实现电极端子232与端盖231电连接，连接件233则可为导电金属。以端盖组件23中包括两个电极端子232(正极电极端子和负极电极端子)为例，与一个电极端子232连接的连接件233可以是绝缘部件，与另一个电极端子232连接的连接件233可以是导电部件，当然，分别与两个电极端子232相连的两个连接件233也可以均为绝缘部件。
示例性的，围体2334为两端开放的圆筒结构，第一限位部2335为设置于围体2334的内侧壁上的环形结构。
第一限位部2335的内侧壁限定出穿入孔2335a，转接片235(参见图6)的凸起2352可通过穿入孔2335a进入至连接件233内，以与电极端子232连接。
需要说明的是，如图6所示，在连接件233至少部分插设于电极引出孔2311内的情况下，围体2334的外径与电极引出孔2311的孔径可以相匹配，使得围体2334可插设于电极引出孔2311内。如图10所示，在连接件233未插设于电极引出孔2311内的情况下，围体2334的外径大于电极引出孔2311的内径。在一些实施例中，如图12所示，连接件233还可以包括第二限位部2336，第二限位部2336设于围体2334的内侧壁并沿围体2334的周向布置，第二限位部2336和第一限位部2335在端盖231的厚度方向Z 上间隔布置，第一限位部2335较第二限位部2336更靠近于电极组件22，围体2334、第一限位部2335、第二限位部2336共同限定出容纳空间2337，电极端子232至少部分位于容纳空间2337内。第一限位部2335和第二限位部2336均可对电极端子232起到轴向(端盖231的厚度方向Z)限位的作用。第二限位部2336用于限制电极端子232向远离电极组件22的方向脱离连接件233。
示例性的，电极端子232与第一限位部2335相抵，且电极端子232与第二限位部2336相抵，实现连接件233对电极端子232的轴向(端盖231的厚度方向Z)夹持，即连接件233的第一限位部2335与第二限位部2336对电极端子232施加的夹持力在电极端子232的轴向(端盖231的厚度方向Z)上，以限制电极端子232相对连接件233沿端盖231的厚度方向Z移动。这里所指的相抵，可以是直接相抵，也可以是间接相抵。在图12中，示例性的，电极端子232与第一限位部2335直接相抵，电极端子232与第二限位部2336也直接相抵。
需要说明的是，在电极端子232与第一限位部2335相抵，且电极端子232与第二限位部2336相抵时，即第一限位部2335和第二限位部2336夹持电极端子232时，连接件233的围体2334的内侧壁与电极端子232的外侧壁也可不相抵，即围体2334并未对电极端子232径向夹持(垂直于端盖231的厚度方向Z的方向)。
示例性的，第二限位部2336可以是设置于围体2334的内侧壁上的环形结构，容纳空间2337为环形空间。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图12，电极端子232包括主体部2321和凸出部2322，凸出部2322连接于主体部2321并沿垂直于端盖231的厚度方向Z的方向延伸至容纳空间2337内。
其中，主体部2321用于电极组件22电连接。转接片235(参见图6)的片主体2351与电极组件22连接，转接片235的凸起2352与主体部2321连接，则可实现主体部2321与电极组件22的电连接。
示例性的，主体部2321为圆柱形结构，凸出部2322为设置于主体部2321的外侧壁上的环形结构。
在一些实施例中，第二限位部2336的内侧壁限定出穿出孔2336a，主体部2321沿端盖231的厚度方向Z穿过穿出孔2336a并延伸至连接件233外，以便于电极端子232与其他构件(如汇流构件)连接。
在其他实施例中，在连接件233周向包覆于电极端子232的外周的情况下，连接件233也可以是其他结构，比如，连接件233仅包括围体2334，电极端子232的外侧壁与围体2334的内侧壁相抵，实现连接件233的可对电极端子232径向(垂直于端盖231的厚度方向Z的方向)夹持。
在一些实施例中，请参照图13和图14，图13为本申请一些实施例提供的电极端子232与连接件233的连接(间接连接)示意图，图14为本申请又一些实施例提供的电极端子232与连接件233的连接(间接连接)示意图，端盖组件23还包括阻隔件237，连接件233的内轮廓与电极端子232的外轮廓之间形成容纳间隙238，阻隔件237至少部分设于容纳间隙238内，以阻隔电极端子232与连接件233接触。也就是说，连接件233与电极端子232通过阻隔件237间接连接。
在一些实施例中，阻隔件237包括密封部2371，密封部2371至少部分位于容纳间隙238内，以实现电极端子232与连接件233的密封连接，电池单体20中的电解质(电解液)不易从连接件233与端盖231之间外泄。
示例性的，密封部2371的材质可以是橡胶，比如，聚氨酯橡胶、丙烯酸酯橡胶、硅橡胶等。
阻隔件237可以是一部分为密封部2371，也可以是整体为密封部2371。
在一些实施例中，阻隔件237包括绝缘部2372，绝缘部2372至少部分位于容纳间隙238内，以实现电极端子232与连接件233的绝缘隔离。
示例性的，绝缘部2372的材质可以是塑料、橡胶等。连接件233可以是导电部件，比如，铜、铁、铝、具有导电功能的塑胶件等。
阻隔件237可以是一部分为绝缘部2372，也可以是整体为绝缘部2372。
在一个非限制性例子中，如图13所示，密封部2371和绝缘部2372 均为阻隔件237的一部分。在这种情况下，密封部2371的硬度可以小于绝缘部2372的硬度，使得密封部2371较绝缘部2372更容易在电极端子232和连接件233的挤压作用下变形，密封部2371在电极端子232和连接件233之间起到更好的密封效果。
其中，密封部2371和绝缘部2372可以彼此相互独立，也可以附接在一起。
在一些实施例中，阻隔件237还包括导电部2373，导电部2373至少部分位于容纳间隙238内，以实现电极端子232与连接件233的电连接。
示例性的，导电部2373可以是导电部件，比如，铜、铁、铝、具有导电功能的塑胶件等。
阻隔件237可以是一部分为导电部2373，也可以是整体为导电部2373。
在一个非限制性例子中，如图14所示，密封部2371和导电部2373均为阻隔件237的一部分。密封部2371和导电部2373可以彼此相互独立，也可以附接在一起。
在一些实施例中，如图13和图14所示，连接件233包括围体2334和第一限位部2335，第一限位部2335设于围体2334的内侧壁并沿围体2334的周向布置，电极端子232至少部分位于围体2334内，第一限位部2335与电极端子232形成第一间隙2381，围体2334与电极端子232形成的与第一间隙2381相连的第二间隙2382，第一间隙2381和第二间隙2382均形成容纳间隙238的一部分，阻隔件237的一部分位于第一间隙2381内，阻隔件237的一部分位于第二间隙2382内。
阻隔件237一部分位于第一限位部2335与电极端子232形成的第一间隙2381内，实现电极端子232与第一限位部2335的间接相抵，电极端子232可通过阻隔件237位于第一间隙2381内的部分抵靠于第一限位部2335，使得第一限位部2335对电极端子232起到轴向(端盖231的厚度方向Z)限位的作用；阻隔件237的一部分位于围体2334与电极端子232形成的第二间隙2382内，电极端子232的外侧壁与围体2334的内侧壁的间接相抵，电极端子232可通过阻隔件237位于第二间隙2382内的部分抵靠于围 体2334，使得围体2334对电极端子232起到径向(垂直于端盖231的厚度方向Z的方向)限位的作用。
在一些实施例中，如图13所示，以密封部2371和绝缘部2372均为阻隔件237的一部分为例，可以是密封部2371至少部分位于第一间隙2381内，绝缘部2372至少部分位于第二间隙2382内。
示例性的，绝缘部2372一部分还可以位于第一间隙2381内，密封部2371的一部分还可以位于第二限位部2336的内侧壁限定的穿入孔2335a内，密封部2371位于穿入孔2335a内的部分与穿入孔2335a形成定位配合。
在一些实施例中，请参照图15，图15为本申请再一些实施例提供的电极端子232与连接件233的连接(间接连接)示意图，围体2334的内侧壁与电极端子232的外侧壁两者中的一者设有环形凸部2334a，另一者设有环形凹部2323，环形凸部2334a局部位于环形凹部2323内，环形凸部2334a的外轮廓与环形凹部2323的内轮廓之间形成过渡间隙2382a，过渡间隙2382a形成第二间隙2382的一部分，阻隔件237一部分位于过渡间隙2382a内。
环形凸部2334a局部位于环形凹部2323内，环形凹部2323对环形凸部2334a具有约束作用，限制电极端子232向远离第一限位部2335的方向移动。
示例性的，如图15所示，环形凸部2334a环布于围体2334的内侧壁，环形凹部2323环布于电极端子232的外侧壁。
在一些实施例中，请参照图16-图18所示，图16为本申请另一些实施例提供的电极端子232与连接件233的连接(间接连接)示意图，图17为本申请又另一些实施例提供的电极端子232与连接件233的连接(间接连接)示意图，图18为本申请再另一些实施例提供的电极端子232与连接件233的连接(间接连接)示意图，连接件233还包括在端盖231的厚度方向Z上与第一限位部2335间隔布置的第二限位部2336。第二限位部2336设于围体2334的内侧壁并沿围体2334的周向布置，第二限位部2336与电极端子232形成与第二间隙2382相连的第三间隙2383，第三间隙2383形成容纳 间隙238的一部分，阻隔件237一部分位于第三间隙2383内。
阻隔件237一部分位于第三间隙2383内，实现电极端子232与第二限位部2336的间接相抵。第二限位部2336和第一限位部2335均可对电极端子232起到限位作用，以限制电极端子232轴向(端盖231的厚度方向Z)移动。
以密封部2371和绝缘部2372均为阻隔件237的一部分为例，如图16所示，可以是密封部2371至少一部分位于第一间隙2381内，绝缘部2372一部分位于第二间隙2382和第三间隙2383内；如图17所示，可以是密封部2371至少一部分位于第三间隙2383内，绝缘部2372一部分位于第一间隙2381和第二间隙2382内。如图18所示，也可以是密封部2371至少一部分位于第二间隙2382内，绝缘部2372一部分位于第一间隙2381和第三间隙2383内，例如，绝缘部2372包括彼此独立的两段，一段位于第一间隙2381，另一端位于第三间隙2383内。
在一些实施例中，请参照图19，图19为本申请一些实施例提供的电极端子232、连接件233和端盖231的连接示意图；连接件233一部分插设于电极引出孔2311内，连接件233一部分位于电极引出孔2311外，阻隔件237的一部分包覆于连接件233位于电极引出孔2311外的部分，以对连接件233暴露于端盖231外的部分起到很好的保护作用。
示例性的，阻隔件237中的绝缘部2372包覆于连接件233沿端盖231的第一端面2312指向第二端面2313的方向超出端盖231的第二端面2313以外的部分，以增大电极端子232与端盖231的爬电距离。
如图19所示，以密封部2371和绝缘部2372均为阻隔件237的一部分为例，密封部2371至少一部分位于第一间隙2381内，绝缘部2372一部分位于第二间隙2382和第三间隙2383内。
需要说明的是，绝缘部2372位于第三间隙2383和第二间隙2382内的部分与绝缘部2372包覆于电极引出孔2311外部的部分可以是整体是结构，也可以是彼此独立的分体式结构。
由上述各实施例可知，连接件233可通过周向包覆于电极端子232的外周的方式实现对电极端子232的夹持。在其他实施例中，连接件233也 可以通过其他方式来实现对电极端子232的夹持，比如，连接件233包括相对布置的两个夹持部，两个夹持部分别夹持在电极端子232径向(垂直于端盖231的厚度方向Z的方向)上的两侧，从而实现连接件233对电极端子232的夹持固定。当然，连接件233也可通过非夹持的方式与电极端子232固定，比如，连接件233与电极端子232通过螺钉、螺栓、销钉等连接固定。
请参照图20，图20为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的制造方法的流程图，该方法包括：
S100：提供外壳21，外壳21具有开口211；
S200：提供电极组件22；
S300：提供端盖组件23，端盖组件23包括端盖231、电极端子232和连接件233，端盖231设有电极引出孔2311，电极引出孔2311在端盖231的厚度方向Z上贯穿端盖231，电极端子232用于与电极组件22电连接，连接件233用于连接端盖231以将电极端子232固定，其中，电极端子232与电极引出孔2311相对设置，并且电极端子232在端盖231的厚度方向Z上的投影与端盖231在厚度方向Z上的投影不重叠；
S400：将电极组件22容纳于外壳21内；
S500：将端盖231封盖于外壳21的开口211，并使电极端子232与电极组件22电连接。
在上述方法中，并不限制步骤S100、步骤S200和步骤S300的先后顺序，比如，可以先执行步骤S300，再执行步骤S200，在执行步骤S100。
通过上述方法制造的电池单体20的相关结构，可参见上述各实施例提供的电池单体20，电池单体20中的电极组件22可参见上述各实施例提供的电极组件22。
请参照图21，图21为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的制造设备2000的示意性框图，本申请实施例还提供一种电池单体20的制造设备2000，制造设备2000包括第一提供装置2100、第二提供装置2200、第三提供装置2300和组装装置2400。
第一提供装置2100用于提供外壳21，外壳21具有开口211。第二提供装置2200用于提供电极组件22。第三提供装置2300用于提供端盖组件23，端盖组件23包括端盖231、电极端子232和连接件233，端盖231设有电极引出孔2311，电极引出孔2311在端盖231的厚度方向Z上贯穿端盖231，电极端子232用于与电极组件22电连接，连接件233用于连接端盖231以将电极端子232固定，其中，电极端子232与电极引出孔2311相对设置，并且电极端子232在端盖231的厚度方向Z上的投影与端盖231在厚度方向Z上的投影不重叠。组装装置2400用于将电极组件22容纳于外壳21内，并将端盖231封盖于开口211。其中，电极端子232与电极组件22电连接。
通过上述制造设备2000制造的电池单体20的相关结构，可参见上述各实施例提供的电池单体20，电池单体20中的电极组件22可参见上述各实施例提供的电极组件22。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (29)

  1. 一种端盖组件，用于电池单体，电池单体包括电极组件，包括：
    端盖，所述端盖设有电极引出孔，所述电极引出孔在所述端盖的厚度方向上贯穿所述端盖；
    电极端子，所述电极端子用于与所述电极组件电连接；
    连接件，所述连接件用于连接所述端盖以将所述电极端子固定；
    其中，所述电极端子与所述电极引出孔相对设置，并且所述电极端子在所述厚度方向上的投影与所述端盖在所述厚度方向上的投影不重叠。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的端盖组件，其中，所述连接件夹持所述电极端子，以使所述电极端子固定于所述连接件。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的端盖组件，其中，所述连接件周向包覆于所述电极端子的外周，以使所述连接件夹持所述电极端子。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，所述连接件包括围体、第一限位部和第二限位部；
    所述第一限位部和所述第二限位部均设于所述围体的内侧壁并沿所述围体的周向布置，所述第一限位部和所述第二限位部在所述厚度方向上间隔布置，所述围体、所述第一限位部和所述第二限位部共同限定出容纳空间，所述电极端子至少部分位于所述容纳空间内。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的端盖组件，其中，所述电极端子包括主体部和凸出部；
    所述主体部用于与所述电极组件电连接，所述凸出部连接于所述主体部并沿垂直于所述厚度方向的方向延伸至所述容纳空间内。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的端盖组件，其中，所述第一限位部较所述第二限位部更靠近于所述电极组件，所述第二限位部的内侧壁限定出穿出孔，所述主体部沿所述厚度方向穿过所述穿出孔并延伸至所述连接件外。
  7. 根据权利要求4-6任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，所述电极端子与所述第一限位部和第二限位部相抵，以限制所述电极端子相对所述连接件沿所述厚度方向移动。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，所述连接件与所述端盖密封连接。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，所述连接件至少部分插设于所述电极引出孔内。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，所述电极端子至少部分插设于所述电极引出孔内。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，所述端盖在所述厚度方向上具有相对布置的第一端面和第二端面，所述第一端面较所述第二端面更靠近于所述电极组件；
    沿所述第二端面指向所述第一端面的方向，所述连接件不超出所述第一端面。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的端盖组件，其中，所述连接件在所述厚度方向上具有相对 布置的第三端面和第四端面；
    所述第三端面与所述第一端面平齐，所述第二端面在所述厚度方向上位于所述第三端面与所述第四端面之间。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，所述连接件的外侧壁设有抵靠部，所述抵靠部用于在所述厚度方向上抵靠于所述端盖。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的端盖组件，其中，所述端盖上设有用于容纳所述抵靠部的容纳槽。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的端盖组件，其中，所述抵靠部沿所述连接件的外侧壁周向布置，所述容纳槽环绕所述电极引出孔布置。
  16. 根据权利要求14或15所述的端盖组件，其中，所述端盖在所述厚度方向上具有相对布置的第一端面和第二端面，所述第一端面较所述第二端面更靠近于所述电极组件；
    所述容纳槽开设于所述第一端面或所述第二端面。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的端盖组件，其中，所述抵靠部具有用于与端盖焊接的焊接面；
    所述容纳槽开设于所述第一端面，所述焊接面与所述第一端面平齐；或，所述容纳槽开设于所述第二端面，所述焊接面与所述第二端面平齐。
  18. 根据权利要求1-17任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，所述端盖组件还包括阻隔件；
    所述连接件的内轮廓与所述电极端子的外轮廓之间形成容纳间隙，所述阻隔件至少部分设于所述容纳间隙内，以阻隔所述电极端子与所述连接件接触。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的端盖组件，其中，所述阻隔件包括密封部；
    所述密封部至少部分位于所述容纳间隙内，以实现所述电极端子与连接件的密封连接。
  20. 根据权利要求18或19所述的端盖组件，其中，所述阻隔件包括绝缘部；
    所述绝缘部至少部分位于所述容纳间隙内，以实现所述电极端子与连接件的绝缘隔离。
  21. 根据权利要求18或19所述的端盖组件，其中，所述阻隔件包括导电部；
    所述导电部至少部分位于所述容纳间隙内，以实现所述电极端子与连接件的电连接。
  22. 根据权利要求18-21任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，所述连接件一部分插设于所述电极引出孔内，所述连接件一部分位于所述电极引出孔外；
    所述阻隔件的一部分包覆于所述连接件位于所述电极引出孔外的部分。
  23. 根据权利要求18至22任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，所述连接件包括围体和第一限位部；
    所述第一限位部设于所述围体的内侧壁并沿所述围体的周向布置，所述电极端子至少部分位于所述围体内，所述第一限位部与所述电极端子形成第一间隙，所述围体与所述电极端子形成的与所述第一间隙相连的第二间隙，所述第一间隙和第二间隙均形成所述容纳间隙的一部分，所述阻隔件的一部分位于所述第一间隙内，所述阻隔件的一部分位于所述第二间隙内。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的端盖组件，其中，所述连接件还包括在端盖的厚度方向上与第一限位部间隔布置的第二限位部；
    所述第二限位部设于所述围体的内侧壁并沿所述围体的周向布置，所述第二限位部与所述电极端子形成与所述第二间隙相连的第三间隙，所述第三间隙形成所述容纳间隙的一部分，所述阻隔件的一部分位于所述第三间隙内。
  25. 一种电池单体，包括：
    外壳，具有开口；
    电极组件，容纳于所述外壳内；以及
    根据权利要求1-24任一项所述的端盖组件，所述端盖被配置为封盖于所述开口，所述电极端子被配置为与所述电极组件电连接。
  26. 一种电池，包括：
    箱体；以及
    根据权利要求25所述的电池单体，所述电池单体收容于所述箱体内。
  27. 一种用电设备，包括权利要求25所述的电池单体。
  28. 一种电池单体的制造方法，包括：
    提供外壳，所述外壳具有开口；
    提供电极组件；
    提供端盖组件，端盖组件包括：
    端盖，所述端盖设有电极引出孔，所述电极引出孔在所述端盖的厚度方向上贯穿所述端盖；
    电极端子，所述电极端子用于与所述电极组件电连接；
    连接件，所述连接件用于连接所述端盖以将所述电极端子固定；
    其中，所述电极端子与所述电极引出孔相对设置，并且所述电极端子在所述厚度方向上的投影与所述端盖在所述厚度方向上的投影不重叠；
    将所述电极组件容纳于所述外壳内；
    将所述端盖封盖于所述开口，并使所述电极端子与所述电极组件电连接。
  29. 一种电池单体的制造设备，包括：
    第一提供装置，用于提供外壳，所述外壳具有开口；
    第二提供装置，用于提供电极组件；
    第三提供装置，用于提供端盖组件，端盖组件包括：
    端盖，所述端盖设有电极引出孔，所述电极引出孔在所述端盖的厚度方向上贯穿所述端盖；
    电极端子，所述电极端子用于与所述电极组件电连接；
    连接件，所述连接件用于连接所述端盖以将所述电极端子固定；
    其中，所述电极端子与所述电极引出孔相对设置，并且所述电极端子在所述厚度方向上的投影与所述端盖在所述厚度方向上的投影不重叠；
    组装装置，用于将所述电极组件容纳于所述外壳内，并将所述端盖封盖于所述开口；
    其中，所述电极端子与所述电极组件电连接。
PCT/CN2020/142376 2020-12-31 2020-12-31 端盖组件、电池单体、电池、电池单体的制造设备和方法 WO2022141499A1 (zh)

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