WO2022170552A1 - 电池单体、电池、用电设备及电池单体的制造设备和方法 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池、用电设备及电池单体的制造设备和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022170552A1
WO2022170552A1 PCT/CN2021/076486 CN2021076486W WO2022170552A1 WO 2022170552 A1 WO2022170552 A1 WO 2022170552A1 CN 2021076486 W CN2021076486 W CN 2021076486W WO 2022170552 A1 WO2022170552 A1 WO 2022170552A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode assembly
electrode
end cap
battery cell
assembly
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/076486
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周文林
卜祥艳
李全坤
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2021/076486 priority Critical patent/WO2022170552A1/zh
Priority to EP21810264.8A priority patent/EP4068477B1/en
Priority to CN202180090319.6A priority patent/CN116762213A/zh
Priority to US17/544,005 priority patent/US20220255176A1/en
Publication of WO2022170552A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022170552A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/528—Fixed electrical connections, i.e. not intended for disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/533—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the leads or tabs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/538—Connection of several leads or tabs of wound or folded electrode stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular, to battery cells, batteries, electrical equipment, and manufacturing equipment and methods for battery cells.
  • lithium-ion batteries are generally used in vehicles.
  • As a rechargeable battery lithium-ion batteries have the advantages of small size, high energy density, high power density, many cycles of use and long storage time.
  • the rechargeable battery includes a casing, an end cap assembly and an electrode assembly, the electrode assembly is located in the casing, and the end cap assembly is covered with the casing to provide a sealed environment for the electrode assembly.
  • the battery capacity may be affected by the structure of the battery cell. Therefore, how to improve the battery capacity is an urgent technical problem to be solved in the battery technology.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, which can effectively improve the battery capacity.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, including: a case with an opening; an electrode assembly accommodated in the case; and an end cap assembly, including an end cap and an electrode terminal, the end cap is used for Since the cover is closed to the opening, the electrode terminal is mounted on the end cover and is used for electrical connection with the electrode assembly; wherein, the end cover includes a first body and a first protrusion, and the first body It has a first inner surface and a first outer surface that are oppositely arranged, the first convex portion extends from the first inner surface in a direction facing the electrode assembly to a first end surface, and the first body is connected to the first end surface.
  • a first concave portion recessed from the first outer surface in a direction facing the electrode assembly is formed at a position corresponding to the first convex portion, and the first concave portion is configured to accommodate the electrode terminal located at the The first end face faces away from the side of the electrode assembly.
  • a first concave portion recessed from the first outer surface in a direction facing the electrode assembly is formed on the first body of the end cap corresponding to the first convex portion, and the first concave portion can be used to accommodate the electrode terminal to reduce The length of the portion of the small electrode terminal protruding outside the first body. Since the positions of the first convex portion and the first concave portion correspond, the first convex portion can make the first concave portion recess as much as possible in the direction facing the electrode assembly, further reducing the length of the portion of the electrode terminal protruding from the outside of the first body , which can effectively increase the battery capacity.
  • the electrode terminal since the electrode terminal is located on the side of the first end face away from the electrode assembly, that is, the electrode terminal does not extend beyond the first end face in the direction facing the electrode assembly, the electrode terminal does not occupy the space inside the casing, and can be used for the electrode in the casing. Components free up more space, which is conducive to increasing the capacity of battery cells.
  • the bottom wall of the first recess protrudes beyond the first inner surface in a direction facing the electrode assembly; or, the bottom wall of the first recess is flush with the first inner surface .
  • the bottom wall of the first concave portion extends beyond the first inner surface in the direction facing the electrode assembly, so that the first concave portion is recessed into the first convex portion, thereby increasing the concave depth of the first concave portion and further reducing the electrode terminal.
  • the bottom wall of the first concave portion is flush with the first inner surface, and the concave depth of the first concave portion can also be increased to reduce the length of the portion of the electrode terminal protruding outside the first body.
  • a bottom wall of the first concave portion is provided with a groove recessed in a direction facing the electrode assembly, and the electrode terminal is partially accommodated in the groove.
  • the arrangement of the groove on the bottom wall of the first concave portion can facilitate the positioning and installation of the electrode end cap.
  • the electrode terminal includes a connecting body and a terminal body, the terminal body is used for electrical connection with the electrode assembly, and the terminal body is mounted on the end cap through the connecting body; wherein, the The connecting body is at least partially accommodated in the groove, and is fixed with the side wall or the bottom wall of the groove.
  • the terminal body is used for electrical connection with the electrode assembly, and the function of the terminal body is to output the electric energy of the battery cell.
  • the connecting body plays the role of connecting the terminal body and the end cover.
  • the connecting body is at least partially accommodated in the groove and is fixed with the side wall or bottom wall of the groove, so that the terminal body can be fixed.
  • the depth of the first recess is greater than the depth of the groove.
  • the end cap is provided with an electrode lead-out hole communicating with the first concave portion and penetrating the first end surface, and the electrode terminal covers the electrode lead-out hole.
  • the electrode terminal covers the electrode lead-out hole, so that the electrode terminal does not extend into the electrode lead-out hole, which facilitates the installation of the electrode terminal in the first recess.
  • the end cap assembly further includes an insulating member; the insulating member is located on a side of the end cap facing the electrode assembly, and the insulating member is used to isolate the electrode assembly and the end cap .
  • the insulating member is located on the side of the end cover facing the electrode assembly, and the insulating member plays the role of isolating the electrode assembly and the end cover, thereby reducing the risk of short circuit.
  • the insulating member includes a second body and a second recess, the second body is located on a side of the first body facing the electrode assembly, the second body has a second body oppositely arranged An inner surface and a second outer surface, the second concave portion is recessed from the second outer surface in a direction facing the electrode assembly, the second concave portion is configured to receive the first convex portion.
  • the second concave portion of the insulating member can accommodate the first convex portion of the end cover, which can reduce the distance between the first body and the second body, free up more space for the electrode assembly, and help improve the battery. unit capacity.
  • the second outer surface abuts the first inner surface.
  • the second outer surface of the second body abuts against the first inner surface of the first body, so that the first convex portion can be completely accommodated in the second concave portion, so that the end cap and the insulating member are more compact, and can be used as an electrode. Components free up more space to further increase the capacity of the battery cells.
  • a second convex portion is formed on the second body at a position corresponding to the second concave portion, and the second convex portion faces the electrode assembly from the second inner surface in a direction extends to the second end face.
  • a second convex portion is formed on the second body at a position corresponding to the second concave portion, and the arrangement of the second convex portion can make the second concave portion recess as much as possible in the direction facing the electrode assembly, so as to increase the second concave portion. sag depth.
  • the electrode assembly includes a tab having a first connecting portion; the battery cell further includes a current collecting member including a second connecting portion for connecting with the first connecting portion. a connection part and a third connection part for connecting with the electrode terminal; wherein, the second connection part and the first connection part are stacked along the thickness direction of the end cap, and the third connection part is located in the The second end face faces the side of the electrode assembly.
  • the second connecting portion of the current collecting member and the first connecting portion of the tab are stacked along the thickness direction of the end cap, so that the second connecting portion and the first connecting portion are connected together, for example, the second connecting portion is connected to the first connecting portion.
  • the part is welded with the first connecting part.
  • the insulating member further includes a third recess, the third recess is recessed from the second end face to the second inner surface in a direction away from the electrode assembly, the third recess is is configured to receive at least a portion of the first connection portion and/or at least a portion of the second connection portion.
  • the third recess of the insulator can be used to accommodate at least a part of the first connection part and/or at least a part of the second connection part, which can reduce the amount of space inside the housing occupied by the connection part between the tab and the current collecting member. space to make more space for the electrode assembly to increase the capacity of the battery cell.
  • the bottom wall of the second recess protrudes beyond the second inner surface in a direction facing the electrode assembly.
  • the bottom wall of the second concave portion protrudes beyond the second inner surface of the second body in the direction facing the electrode assembly, so that the second concave portion is recessed into the second convex portion, which can further increase the concave depth of the second concave portion,
  • the space of the second concave portion for accommodating the first convex portion is increased, so that the first convex portion can extend to a deeper position of the second convex portion.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery, including a case and the battery cell provided by any one of the embodiments of the first aspect; the battery cell is accommodated in the case.
  • the battery cells are accommodated in the box. Under the condition that the inner space of the box is constant, the length of the part where the electrode terminals protrude from the outside of the first body is reduced, and the box occupied by the battery cells is reduced.
  • the internal space is conducive to accommodating more battery cells in the box, thereby effectively increasing the capacity of the battery.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, including the battery provided by any one of the embodiments of the second aspect.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a method for manufacturing a battery cell, including: providing a case, the case having an opening; providing an electrode assembly; and providing an end cap assembly, the end cap assembly including an end cap and an electrode terminal, the electrode terminal is mounted on the end cap; the electrode assembly is accommodated in the casing; the electrode terminal is electrically connected with the electrode assembly; the end cap is covered with the opening; wherein,
  • the end cap includes a first body having a first inner surface and a first outer surface disposed oppositely, and a first convex portion, the first convex portion facing the first inner surface along the surface
  • the direction of the electrode assembly extends to the first end face, and a first concave portion recessed from the first outer surface in a direction facing the electrode assembly is formed on the first body at a position corresponding to the first convex portion,
  • the first recess is configured to receive the electrode terminal located on a side of the first end face facing away from the electrode assembly.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a battery cell manufacturing equipment, including: a first providing device for providing a casing, the casing having an opening; a second providing device for providing an electrode assembly; a third providing means for providing an end cap assembly, the end cap assembly including an end cap and an electrode terminal, the electrode terminal being mounted on the end cap; an assembling means for accommodating the electrode assembly in the case In vivo, the assembling device is also used to electrically connect the electrode terminal and the electrode assembly, and the assembling device is also used to cover the end cap on the opening; wherein, the end cap includes a first body and a second a convex part, the first body has a first inner surface and a first outer surface arranged oppositely, the first convex part extends from the first inner surface to a first end surface in a direction facing the electrode assembly, A first concave portion recessed from the first outer surface in a direction facing the electrode assembly is formed at a position corresponding to the first convex portion on the first body, and the first
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery module shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the battery cell shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 7 is a partial enlarged view of the battery cell shown in FIG. 6;
  • Fig. 8 is a partial enlarged view of the end cap assembly shown in Fig. 7;
  • FIG. 9 is a positional relationship diagram of an insulating member, a current collecting member, and a tab provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a positional relationship diagram of an insulating member, a current collecting member, and a tab provided by other embodiments of the present application;
  • FIG. 11 is a positional relationship diagram of an insulating member, a current collecting member, and a tab provided by further embodiments of the present application;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of the current collecting member shown in FIG. 8;
  • FIG. 13 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus for manufacturing a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected” and “attached” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, It can also be a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be internal communication between two components.
  • installed should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, It can also be a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be internal communication between two components.
  • plural refers to two or more (including two).
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, or magnesium-ion batteries, etc., which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell may be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped, or other shapes, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cells are generally divided into three types according to the packaging method: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells, and soft-pack battery cells, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the batteries mentioned in this application may include battery modules or battery packs, and the like.
  • Batteries typically include a case for enclosing one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquids or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly is composed of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator.
  • the battery cell mainly relies on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative plates to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode current collector without the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode current collector that has been coated with the positive electrode active material layer. , the positive electrode current collector without the positive electrode active material layer is used as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium, or lithium manganate.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode current collector that has been coated with the negative electrode active material layer. , the negative electrode current collector without the negative electrode active material layer is used as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the separator can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene), and the like.
  • the electrode assembly may be a wound structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell may further include a casing and an end cap assembly, the end cap assembly is covered with the casing to provide a closed space for the electrode assembly and the electrolyte, and the electrode assembly is electrically connected to the electrode terminals of the end cap assembly.
  • the battery includes a battery cell, and the capacity of the battery may be affected by the structure of the battery cell.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a technical solution.
  • the first convex portion By arranging a first convex portion on the first body of the end cap, the first convex portion extends from the first inner surface of the first body in the direction facing the electrode assembly to the first convex portion.
  • first concave portion is formed on the first body at a position corresponding to the first convex portion, the first concave portion is a first concave portion concave from the first outer surface of the first body in the direction facing the electrode assembly, the first concave portion It is used for accommodating electrode terminals, and the electrode terminals are located on the side of the first end face away from the electrode assembly, so as to reduce the length of the part of the electrode terminals protruding from the outside of the first body, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the capacity of the battery.
  • Electrical equipment can be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and power tools, and so on.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spacecraft, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed Electric toys of type or mobile type, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembling electric tools and railway electric tools, such as, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, electric impact drills, concrete vibrators and electric planers, etc.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not impose special restrictions on the above-mentioned electrical equipment.
  • the electric device is a vehicle as an example for description.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the interior of the vehicle 1000 is provided with the battery 100 , and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom or the head or the rear of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 may be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 may be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300 for controlling the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300 , eg, for starting, navigating, and running the vehicle 1000 for work power requirements.
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as the operating power source of the vehicle 1000 , but also can be used as the driving power source of the vehicle 1000 to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 instead or partially instead of fuel or natural gas.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a battery 100 according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a case body 10 and a battery cell 20 , and the battery cell 20 is accommodated in the case body 10 .
  • the box body 10 is used to provide the accommodating space 11 for the battery cells 20 , and the box body 10 can adopt various structures.
  • the case 10 may include a first part 12 and a second part 13 , the first part 12 and the second part 13 cover each other, and the first part 12 and the second part 13 together define a space for accommodating the battery cells 20 accommodating space 11.
  • the second part 13 can be a hollow structure with one end open, the first part 12 can be a plate-like structure, and the first part 12 is covered with the open side of the second part 13 , so that the first part 12 and the second part 13 together define a accommodating space 11;
  • the first part 12 and the second part 13 can also be hollow structures with one side open, and the open side of the first part 12 is covered with the open side of the second part 13 .
  • the box body 10 formed by the first part 12 and the second part 13 may have various shapes, such as a cylinder, a rectangular parallelepiped, and the like.
  • the battery 100 there may be a plurality of battery cells 20 , and the plurality of battery cells 20 may be connected in series or in parallel or in a mixed connection.
  • a mixed connection means that the plurality of battery cells 20 are both connected in series and in parallel.
  • the plurality of battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole formed by the plurality of battery cells 20 is accommodated in the box 10; of course, the plurality of battery cells 20 can also be connected in series first.
  • the battery modules 30 are formed in parallel or in a mixed connection, and a plurality of battery modules 30 are connected in series or in parallel or in a mixed connection to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box body 10 .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery module 30 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the battery 100 includes a plurality of battery modules 30 , the battery module 30 includes a plurality of battery cells 20 , and the plurality of battery cells 20 are first connected in series or in parallel or in a mixed manner to form the battery module 30 .
  • a plurality of battery modules 30 are connected in series or in parallel or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box 10 .
  • the plurality of battery cells 20 in the battery module 30 may be electrically connected through the bus component 31 to realize parallel connection, series connection or mixed connection of the plurality of battery cells 20 in the battery module 30 .
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a battery cell 20 according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 20 includes a casing 21 , an electrode assembly 22 and an end cap assembly 23 .
  • the case 21 has an opening, and the electrode assembly 22 is accommodated in the case 21 .
  • the end cap assembly 23 includes an end cap 231 and an electrode terminal 232, the end cap 231 is used to cover the opening, the electrode terminal 232 is installed on the end cap 231, the electrode terminal 232 is electrically connected with the electrode assembly 22, and the electrode terminal 232 is used for outputting battery cells body 20 electrical energy.
  • the housing 21 may be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a rectangular parallelepiped, and the like.
  • the shape of the case 21 may be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the casing 21 can be selected as a cylindrical structure; if the electrode assembly 22 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, the casing 21 can be selected as a cuboid structure.
  • the casing 21 and the electrode assembly 22 are both rectangular parallelepiped structures.
  • the housing 21 and the end cover 231 may be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which are not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Electrodes assemblies 22 There may be one or more electrode assemblies 22 accommodated in the case 21 .
  • FIG. 4 there are two electrode assemblies 22 accommodated in the casing 21 .
  • the end cap assembly 23 may further include an insulating member 233, the insulating member 233 is located on the side of the end cap 231 facing the electrode assembly 22, and the insulating member 233 is used to isolate the electrode assembly 22 and the end cap 231 to reduce the risk of short circuit .
  • the insulating member 233 may be plastic, rubber, or the like.
  • the battery cell 20 may further include a current collecting member 24 for connecting the tab 221 of the electrode assembly 22 and the electrode terminal 232 to realize electrical connection between the electrode terminal 232 and the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the current collecting member 24 is located on the side of the insulating member 233 facing the electrode assembly 22 , and the insulating member 233 can also function to isolate the current collecting member 24 from the end cap 231 .
  • the current collecting member 24 is a metallic conductor, such as copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy, and the like.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly 22 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the electrode assembly 22 may include a positive electrode sheet 222 , a negative electrode sheet 223 and a separator 224 .
  • the electrode assembly 22 may be a rolled structure formed by winding the positive electrode sheet 222 , the separator 224 and the negative electrode sheet 223 , and the electrode assembly 22 may also be formed by laminating the positive electrode sheet 222 , the separator 224 and the negative electrode sheet 223 .
  • Layered structure exemplarily shows the case where the electrode assembly 22 is a wound structure.
  • the positive electrode sheet 222 may include a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode sheet 223 may include a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the separator 224 is between the positive electrode sheet 222 and the negative electrode sheet 223 for isolating the positive electrode sheet 222 and the negative electrode sheet 223 to reduce the risk of short circuit between the positive electrode sheet 222 and the negative electrode sheet 223 .
  • the material of the isolation film 224 may be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene) or the like.
  • the tabs 221 in the electrode assembly 22 are divided into positive tabs and negative tabs, and the positive tabs can be the parts of the positive electrode collector that are not coated with the positive active material layer; the negative tabs can be those that are not coated with the negative active material layer in the negative current collector. part.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the battery cell 20 shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the end cap 231 of the end cap assembly 23 is covered with the opening of the casing 21 to form a battery for accommodating the battery.
  • the closed space 25 of the cell 20, the closed space 25 can also be used to accommodate an electrolyte, such as an electrolyte.
  • the electrode terminal 232 of the end cap assembly 23 is an output member for outputting the electric energy of the battery cell 20 .
  • the number of openings of the casing 21 may be one or two. If the opening of the housing 21 is one, the number of end cap assemblies 23 may be one; if the opening of the housing 21 is two, the number of end cap assemblies 23 may be two, and the end caps 231 in the two end cap assemblies 23 are respectively Covers the two openings.
  • the number of electrode terminals 232 in the end cap assembly 23 may be one or two.
  • two electrode terminals 232 may be provided in the end cap assembly 23 , and one electrode terminal in the end cap assembly 23 232 can be electrically connected to one tab 221 (positive tab) of the electrode assembly 22 through one current collecting member 24; The tabs 221 (negative tabs) are electrically connected.
  • the casing 21 has two openings, the two openings are disposed on opposite sides of the casing 21 , and there are two end cap assemblies 23 , and the two end cap assemblies 23 are respectively covered with the casing 21 . of the two openings.
  • the end cap 231 in the end cap assembly 23 may be one, and the electrode terminal 232 in one end cap assembly 23 may be electrically connected to one electrode tab 221 (positive tab) of the electrode assembly 22 through a current collecting member 24 Connection; the electrode terminal 232 of the other end cap assembly 23 can be electrically connected to the other tab 221 (negative tab) of the electrode assembly 22 through another current collecting member 24 .
  • the end cap assembly 23 may further include a pressure relief mechanism 234 , the pressure relief mechanism 234 is installed on the end cap 231 , and the pressure relief mechanism 234 is used to release the pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold value The pressure inside the battery cell 20 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 234 can be installed on the end cap 231 of the end cap assembly 23; if there are two end cap assemblies 23 in the battery cell 20, The pressure relief mechanism 234 may be installed on the end cover 231 of each end cover assembly 23 , or the pressure relief mechanism 234 may be installed on the end cover 231 of only one end cover assembly 23 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 234 may be an explosion-proof valve, a rupture disk, a gas valve, a pressure relief valve, a safety valve, or the like.
  • FIG. 7 is a partial enlarged view of the battery cell 20 shown in FIG.
  • the first body 2311 has a first inner surface 2311a and a first outer surface 2311b arranged opposite to each other, and the first convex portion 2312 extends from the first inner surface 2311a to the first end surface 2312a in a direction facing the electrode assembly 22, on the first body 2311
  • a first concave portion 2313 recessed from the first outer surface 2311b in a direction facing the electrode assembly 22 is formed at a position corresponding to the first convex portion 2312 , and the first concave portion 2313 is configured to accommodate the electrode terminal 232 .
  • a first recess 2313 recessed from the first outer surface 2311b in a direction facing the electrode assembly 22 is formed on the first body 2311 of the end cap 231 at a position corresponding to the first protrusion 2312, and the first recess 2313 can be used to accommodate electrode terminals 232 to reduce the length of the portion of the electrode terminal 232 protruding from the outside of the first body 2311 . Since the positions of the first convex portion 2312 and the first concave portion 2313 correspond, the first convex portion 2312 can make the first concave portion 2313 recess as much as possible in the direction facing the electrode assembly 22, further reducing the protrusion of the electrode terminal 232 from the first concave portion 2313. The length of the portion outside the body 2311.
  • the length of the battery cell 20 (the dimension of the battery cell 20 in the extending direction of the electrode terminal 232 ) is constant, reducing the length of the part of the electrode terminal 232 protruding from the outside of the first body 2311 can be appropriately Increasing the length of the casing 21 increases the space for the casing 21 to accommodate the electrode assembly 22 , which can effectively increase the capacity of the battery cells 20 , and further increase the capacity of the entire battery 100 .
  • first concave portion 2313 may accommodate the entire electrode terminal 232 or a part of the electrode terminal 232 .
  • the first body 2311 is used to cover the opening of the casing 21 .
  • the electrode terminal 232 can be installed at the bottom of the first recess 2313. The greater the recess depth of the first recess 2313 in the direction facing the electrode assembly 22, the longer the length of the portion of the electrode terminal 232 extending into the first recess 2313, the longer the electrode terminal 232 is. The length of the portion of the terminal 232 protruding from the outside of the first body 2311 is shorter.
  • the shapes of the first concave portion 2313 and the second concave portion 2332 may be a cylinder, a rectangular parallelepiped, or the like.
  • the electrode terminal 232 is located on the side of the first end surface 2312a away from the electrode assembly 22 , that is, the electrode terminal 232 will not extend beyond the first end surface 2312a in the direction facing the electrode assembly 22 , and the electrode terminal 232 will not occupy the housing
  • the space inside 21 can free up more space for the electrode assembly 22 in the casing 21 , which is beneficial to increase the capacity of the battery cell 20 .
  • the electrode terminal 232 may also extend beyond the first end surface 2312a in the direction facing the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the bottom wall of the first concave portion 2313 may protrude beyond the first inner surface 2311 a in the direction facing the electrode assembly 22 , that is, the bottom wall of the first concave portion 2313 is more than the first inner surface 2311 a Being close to the electrode assembly 22 , the first concave portion 2313 is recessed into the first convex portion 2312 , thereby increasing the concave depth of the first concave portion 2313 and further reducing the length of the portion of the electrode terminal 232 protruding from the first body 2311
  • the bottom wall of the first concave portion 2313 can also be flush with the first inner surface 2311a, and the concave depth of the first concave portion 2313 can also be increased to reduce the protrusion of the electrode terminal 232 from the first body.
  • the bottom wall of the first recess 2313 may also extend beyond the first inner surface 2311a in a direction away from the electrode assembly 22, that is, the first inner surface 2311a is larger than the bottom of the first recess 2313.
  • the wall is closer to the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the bottom wall of the first concave portion 2313 is the first bottom wall 2313a.
  • the bottom wall of the first concave portion 2313 is provided with a groove 2313b recessed in a direction facing the electrode assembly 22, and the electrode terminal 232 is partially accommodated in the groove 2313b.
  • the grooves 2313b can play the role of positioning the electrode terminals 232 , which can facilitate the positioning and installation of the electrode terminals 232 .
  • the groove 2313b may have a shape that can match with the electrode terminal 232.
  • the electrode terminal 232 is cylindrical, and the groove 2313b is also cylindrical.
  • the depth of the first recess 2313 is greater than the depth of the groove 2313b, that is, the distance from the first outer surface 2311b to the first bottom wall 2313a is greater than the distance from the first bottom wall 2313a to the bottom wall of the groove 2313b.
  • the electrode terminal 232 may be a split structure, the electrode terminal 232 includes a connecting body 2322 and a terminal main body 2321, the terminal main body 2321 is used for electrical connection with the electrode assembly 22, and the terminal main body 2321 is installed on the end cover 231 through the connecting body 2322;
  • the connecting body 2322 is at least partially accommodated in the groove 2313b, and is fixed to the side wall or bottom wall of the groove 2313b.
  • the terminal main body 2321 is used for electrical connection with the electrode assembly 22 , and the function of the terminal main body 2321 is to output the electric energy of the battery cell 20 .
  • the connecting body 2322 serves to connect the terminal body 2321 and the end cap 231.
  • the connecting body 2322 is at least partially accommodated in the groove 2313b and fixed to the side wall or bottom wall of the groove 2313b, so that the terminal body 2321 can be fixed.
  • the connecting body 2322 can be circumferentially wrapped around the outer periphery of the terminal body 2321 to realize the fixing of the connecting body 2322 and the terminal body 2321 .
  • the connecting body 2322 is an annular structure covering the outer periphery of the terminal body 2321 .
  • the connecting body 2322 can be fixed to the side wall or bottom wall of the groove 2313b by welding. Taking the connecting body 2322 fixed to the side wall of the groove 2313b as an example, the connecting body 2322 can abut against the bottom wall of the groove 2313b, and the solder during the soldering process fixes the connecting body 2322 to the side wall of the groove 2313b.
  • a distance may exist between the side wall of the groove 2313b and the side wall of the first recess 2313 in the thickness direction Z perpendicular to the end cover 231. less than 1mm.
  • the electrode terminal 232 may also be an integral structure, for example, the electrode terminal 232 is an integral column structure.
  • FIG. 8 is a partial enlarged view of the end cap assembly 23 shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the end cap 231 is provided with an electrode lead-out hole that communicates with the first recess 2313 and penetrates through the first end surface 2312 a 2314, the electrode terminal 232 covers the electrode lead-out hole 2314.
  • the electrode terminal 232 does not extend into the electrode lead-out hole 2314 , so that the electrode terminal 232 can be easily installed in the first concave portion 2313 .
  • the electrode lead-out hole 2314 communicates with the first concave portion 2313 through the groove 2313b on the first bottom wall 2313a.
  • the terminal main body 2321 in the electrode terminal 232 covers the electrode extraction hole 2314 so that the entire electrode terminal 232 covers the electrode extraction hole 2314 .
  • the insulating member 233 may include a second body 2331 and a second recess 2332, and the second body 2331 is located on the first body 2311 and faces the electrode assembly 22 ( 7), the second body 2331 has a second inner surface 2331a and a second outer surface 2331b arranged oppositely, the second concave portion 2332 is recessed from the second outer surface 2331b in a direction facing the electrode assembly 22, and the second concave portion 2332 is configured to receive the first protrusion 2312.
  • the second concave portion 2332 of the insulating member 233 can accommodate the first convex portion 2312 of the end cover 231, which can reduce the distance between the first body 2311 and the second body 2331, and make more space for the electrode assembly 22. It is beneficial to increase the capacity of the battery cells 20 .
  • the first outer surface 2311b of the second body 2331 abuts against the first inner surface 2311a of the first body 2311 .
  • This structure enables the first convex portion 2312 to be completely accommodated in the second concave portion 2332 , making the end cap 231 and the insulating member 233 more compact, freeing up more space for the electrode assembly 22 , and further improving the durability of the battery cell 20 . capacity.
  • the bottom wall of the second concave portion 2332 is the second bottom wall 2332a.
  • the first end surface 2312a may also directly abut against the bottom wall (the second bottom wall 2332a ) of the second concave portion 2332 .
  • a second convex portion 2333 is formed on the second body 2331 at a position corresponding to the second concave portion 2332 , and the second convex portion 2333 extends from the second inner surface 2331 a in a direction facing the electrode assembly 22 to the second convex portion 2333 . End face 2333a.
  • the disposition of the second convex portion 2333 can make the second concave portion 2332 concave as much as possible in the direction facing the electrode assembly 22 , so as to increase the concave depth of the second concave portion 2332 .
  • the second bottom wall 2332a may be flush with the second inner surface 2331a; the second bottom wall 2332a may also protrude beyond the second inner surface 2331a of the second body 2331 in the direction facing the electrode assembly 22, that is, the second bottom wall 2332a It is closer to the electrode assembly 22 than the second inner surface 2331a; the second bottom wall 2332a can also protrude beyond the second inner surface 2331a of the second body 2331 in the direction away from the electrode assembly 22, that is, the second inner surface 2331a is closer to the second bottom Wall 2332a is closer to electrode assembly 22 .
  • the second bottom wall 2332a protrudes beyond the second inner surface 2331a in the direction facing the electrode assembly 22, so that the second concave portion 2332 is recessed into the second convex portion 2333, which can be further increased.
  • the concave depth of the second concave portion 2332 increases the space of the second concave portion 2332 for accommodating the first convex portion 2312 , so that the first convex portion 2312 can extend to a deeper position of the second convex portion 2333 .
  • the electrode terminal 232 protrudes beyond the first end face 2312a in the direction facing the electrode assembly 22, for example, the terminal body 2321 in the electrode terminal 232 protrudes beyond the first end face 2312a in the direction facing the electrode assembly 22, in this case, the electrode terminal 232 may be located on the side of the second end surface 2333a facing away from the electrode assembly 22 , that is, if the electrode terminal 232 does not extend beyond the second end surface 2333a in the direction facing the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the tab 221 of the electrode assembly 22 may include a first connecting portion 2211
  • the current collecting member 24 may include a first connecting portion for connecting with the first connecting portion. 2211 is connected to the second connection part 241 and the third connection part 242 is used to connect with the electrode terminal 232; wherein, the second connection part 241 and the first connection part 2211 are stacked along the thickness direction Z of the end cap 231, and the third connection The portion 242 is located on the side of the second end surface 2333 a facing the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the second connecting portion 241 of the current collecting member 24 and the first connecting portion 2211 of the tab 221 are stacked along the thickness direction Z of the end cover 231, so as to facilitate connecting the second connecting portion 241 and the first connecting portion 2211 together, for example, The second connection portion 241 and the first connection portion 2211 are welded together.
  • the third connecting portion 242 may abut against the second end surface 2333a, or may have a gap with the second end surface 2333a. If the third connection portion 242 abuts against the second end surface 2333a, on the one hand, the stability of the current collecting member 24 can be improved, and on the other hand, the current collecting member 24 and the insulating member 233 can be made more compact.
  • the insulating member 233 may further include a third recess 2334, the third recess 2334 is recessed from the second end surface 2333a to the second inner surface 2331a in a direction away from the electrode assembly 22, and the third recess 2334 is configured to receive the first At least a portion of a connecting portion 2211 and/or at least a portion of the second connecting portion 241 .
  • the provision of the third concave portion 2334 can reduce the space inside the casing 21 occupied by the connection portion between the tab 221 and the current collecting member 24 , free up more space for the electrode assembly 22 , and improve the capacity of the battery cell 20 .
  • two second protrusions can be provided at positions corresponding to the two electrode terminals 232 on the second inner surface 2331a of the second body 2331 of the insulating member 233 respectively.
  • the part 2333 and the third concave part 2334 may be an area formed on the side of the end cap 231 facing the electrode assembly 22 and located between the two second convex parts 2333 .
  • FIG. 9 is a positional relationship diagram of the insulating member 233 , the current collecting member 24 and the tab 221 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the first connecting portion 2211 is closer to the electrode assembly 22 (see FIG. 7 ) than the second connecting portion 241 , and the second connecting portion 241 is accommodated in the third concave portion 2334 .
  • FIG. 10 please refer to FIG. 10 .
  • FIG. 11 is a positional relationship diagram of the insulating member 233 , the current collecting member 24 and the tab 221 provided by other embodiments of the present application, in the thickness direction Z of the end cover 231
  • the second connecting portion 241 is closer to the electrode assembly 22 than the first connecting portion 2211
  • the first connecting portion 2211 is accommodated in the third concave portion 2334 .
  • FIG. 11 is a positional relationship diagram of the insulating member 233 , the current collecting member 24 and the tab 221 provided by the further embodiments of the present application, the first connecting portion 2211 and the second The connecting portions 241 are all accommodated in the third recesses 2334 to further make more space for the electrode assembly 22 .
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of the current collecting member 24 shown in FIG. 8 .
  • the current collecting member 24 may further include a fourth connecting portion 243 , a third connecting portion 242 and a second connecting portion 241 . Connected by the fourth connecting portion 243 , the third connecting portion 242 and the second connecting portion 241 are spaced apart in the thickness direction Z of the end cap 231 .
  • the second connecting portion 241 can be accommodated in the third concave portion 2334 , and the third connecting portion 242 can abut against the second end surface 2333 a of the second convex portion 2333 .
  • the second connection part 241 , the fourth connection part 243 and the third connection part 242 are connected in sequence to form a "Z"-shaped sheet structure.
  • a protrusion 244 for connecting and fixing the electrode terminal 232 is provided on the side of the third connecting portion 242 close to the second connecting portion 241 .
  • the protrusions 244 on the third connecting portion 242 can be connected and fixed to the terminal body 2321 of the electrode terminal 232 through the electrode lead-out holes 2314 on the end cover 231 , for example, the protrusions 244 are welded to the terminal body 2321 .
  • the end cap assembly may not be provided with an insulating member.
  • the end cap is made of plastic material, and the current collecting member and the end cap may be in direct contact.
  • FIG. 13 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a battery cell 20 provided by some embodiments of the present application. The method includes:
  • S300 Provide an end cap assembly 23, the end cap assembly 23 includes an end cap 231 and an electrode terminal 232, and the electrode terminal 232 is mounted on the end cap 231;
  • the end cap 231 includes a first body 2311 and a first protrusion 2312, the first body 2311 has a first inner surface 2311a and a first outer surface 2311b arranged oppositely, and the first protrusion 2312 faces from the first inner surface 2311a along the
  • the direction of the electrode assembly 22 extends to the first end surface 2312a, and a first concave portion 2313 recessed from the first outer surface 2311b in the direction facing the electrode assembly 22 is formed on the first body 2311 at a position corresponding to the first convex portion 2312.
  • a concave portion 2313 is configured to receive the electrode terminal 232 , and the electrode terminal 232 is located on the side of the first end surface 2312 a facing away from the electrode assembly 22 .
  • step S100, step S200 and step S300 is not limited.
  • step S300 may be performed first, then step S200, and then step S100.
  • step S500 may be performed before step S400, and step S500 may be performed after step S400.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic block diagram of a manufacturing apparatus 2000 of a battery cell 20 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the manufacturing apparatus 2000 includes a first providing device 1100 , a second providing device 1200 , a third providing device 1300 and Assemble device 1400.
  • the first providing device 1100 is used to provide the housing 21, and the housing 21 has an opening.
  • the second providing device 1200 is used to provide the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the third providing device 1300 is used to provide the end cap assembly 23 .
  • the end cap assembly 23 includes an end cap 231 and an electrode terminal 232 , and the electrode terminal 232 is mounted on the end cap 231 .
  • the assembling device 1400 is used for accommodating the electrode assembly 22 in the casing 21 , the assembling device 1400 is used for electrically connecting the electrode terminal 232 and the electrode assembly 22 , and the assembling device 1400 is also used for covering the end cap 231 on the opening.
  • the end cap 231 includes a first body 2311 and a first protrusion 2312, the first body 2311 has a first inner surface 2311a and a first outer surface 2311b arranged oppositely, and the first protrusion 2312 faces from the first inner surface 2311a along the
  • the direction of the electrode assembly 22 extends to the first end surface 2312a, and a first concave portion 2313 recessed from the first outer surface 2311b in the direction facing the electrode assembly 22 is formed on the first body 2311 at a position corresponding to the first convex portion 2312.
  • a concave portion 2313 is configured to receive the electrode terminal 232 , and the electrode terminal 232 is located on the side of the first end surface 2312 a facing away from the electrode assembly 22 .

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体、电池、用电设备及电池单体的制造设备和方法，属于电池技术领域。电池单体包括壳体、电极组件和端盖组件。端盖组件包括端盖和电极端子，端盖用于盖合于壳体的开口，电极端子安装于端盖，并用于与电极组件电连接。端盖包括第一本体和第一凸部，第一本体具有相对布置的第一内表面和第一外表面，第一凸部从第一内表面沿面向电极组件的方向延伸至第一端面，第一本体上与第一凸部相对应的位置形成有从第一外表面沿面向电极组件的方向凹陷的第一凹部，第一凹部被配置为容纳电极端子，电极端子位于第一端面背离电极组件的一侧。这种结构的电池单体减小了电极端子凸出于第一本体外部的部分的长度，可有效提高电池容量。

Description

电池单体、电池、用电设备及电池单体的制造设备和方法 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体而言，涉及电池单体、电池、用电设备及电池单体的制造设备和方法。
背景技术
目前，车辆使用较多的电池一般是锂离子电池，锂离子电池作为一种可再充电电池，具有体积小、能量密度高、功率密度高、循环使用次数多和存储时间长等优点。
可再充电电池包括壳体、端盖组件和电极组件，电极组件位于壳体内，端盖组件盖合于壳体，以为电极组件提供一密封环境。
对于一般的可再充电电池而言，电池容量可能会受到电池单体的结构影响，因此，如何提升电池容量是电池技术中一个亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，能够有效提高电池容量。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，包括：壳体，具有开口；电极组件，容纳于所述壳体内；以及端盖组件，包括端盖和电极端子，所述端盖用于盖合于所述开口，所述电极端子安装于所述端盖，并用于与所述电极组件电连接；其中，所述端盖包括第一本体和第一凸部，所述第一本体具有相对布置的第一内表面和第一外表面，所述第一凸部从所述第一内表面沿面向所述电极组件的方向延伸至第一端面，所述第一本体上与所述第一凸部相对应的位置形成有从所述第一外表面沿面向所述电极组件的方向凹陷的第一凹部，所述第一凹部被配置为容纳所述电极端子，所述电极端子位于所述第一端面背离所述电极组件的一侧。
上述方案中，端盖的第一本体上与第一凸部相对应的位置形成有从第一外表面沿面向电极组件的方向凹陷的第一凹部，第一凹部可用于容纳电极端子，以减小电极端子凸出于第一本体外部的部分的长度。由于第一凸部与第一凹部的位置相对应，第一凸部可使第一凹部尽可能的沿面向电极组件的方向凹陷，进一步减小电极端子凸出于第一本体外部的部分的长度，可有效提高电池容量。此外，由于电极端子位于第一端面背离电极组件的一侧，即电极端子沿面向电极组件的方向不会超出于第一端面，电极 端子不会占用壳体内部的空间，可为壳体内的电极组件腾让出更多的空间，有利于提高电池单体的容量。
在一些实施例中，所述第一凹部的底壁沿面向所述电极组件的方向超出于所述第一内表面；或，所述第一凹部的底壁与所述第一内表面平齐。
上述方案中，第一凹部的底壁沿面向电极组件的方向超出于第一内表面，使得第一凹部凹陷至第一凸部内，进而增大了第一凹部的凹陷深度，进一步减小电极端子凸出于第一本体外部的部分的长度。当然，第一凹部的底壁与第一内表面平齐，也可增大第一凹部的凹陷深度，以减小电极端子凸出于第一本体外部的部分的长度。
在一些实施例中，所述第一凹部的底壁上设有沿面向所述电极组件的方向凹陷的凹槽，所述电极端子部分容纳于所述凹槽。
上述方案中，第一凹部的底壁上的凹槽的设置，可方便对电极端盖定位安装。
在一些实施例中，所述电极端子包括连接体和端子主体，所述端子主体用于与所述电极组件电连接，所述端子主体通过所述连接体安装于所述端盖；其中，所述连接体至少部分容纳于所述凹槽，并与所述凹槽的侧壁或底壁固定。
上述方案中，端子主体用于与电极组件电连接，端子主体的作用是输出电池单体的电能。连接体起到连接端子主体和端盖的作用，连接体至少部分容纳于凹槽内并与凹槽的侧壁或底壁固定，则可将端子主体固定。
在一些实施例中，所述第一凹部的深度大于所述凹槽的深度。
在一些实施例中，所述端盖上设有与所述第一凹部连通并贯通所述第一端面的电极引出孔，所述电极端子覆盖所述电极引出孔。
上述方案中，电极端子覆盖电极引出孔，使得电极端子未延伸至电极引出孔内，便于将电极端子安装于第一凹部内。
在一些实施例中，所述端盖组件还包括绝缘件；所述绝缘件位于所述端盖面向所述电极组件的一侧，所述绝缘件用于隔离所述电极组件与所述端盖。
上述方案中，绝缘件位于端盖面向电极组件的一侧，绝缘件起到隔离电极组件与端盖的作用，降低短路的风险。
在一些实施例中，所述绝缘件包括第二本体和第二凹部，所述第二本体位于所述第一本体面向所述电极组件的一侧，所述第二本体具有相对 布置的第二内表面和第二外表面，所述第二凹部从所述第二外表面沿面向所述电极组件的方向凹陷，所述第二凹部被配置为容纳所述第一凸部。
上述方案中，绝缘件的第二凹部可容纳端盖的第一凸部，可减小第一本体与第二本体之间的距离，以为电极组件腾让出更多的空间，有利于提高电池单体的容量。
在一些实施例中，所述第二外表面抵靠于所述第一内表面。
上述方案中，第二本体的第二外表面抵靠于第一本体的第一内表面，可使第一凸部完全容纳于第二凹部内，使得端盖与绝缘件更加紧凑，可为电极组件腾让出更多的空间，进一步提高电池单体的容量。
在一些实施例中，所述第一端面与所述第二凹部的底壁之间具有间隙。
上述方案中，第一凸部的第一端面与第二凹部的底壁之间具有间隙，保证第二本体的第二外表面能够有效地抵靠于第一本体的第一内表面，降低绝缘件与端盖之间形成过定位的风险。
在一些实施例中，所述第二本体上与所述第二凹部相对应的位置形成有第二凸部，所述第二凸部从所述第二内表面沿面向所述电极组件的方向延伸至第二端面。
上述方案中，第二本体上与第二凹部相对应的位置形成有第二凸部，第二凸部的设置可使第二凹部尽可能沿面向电极组件的方向凹陷，以增大第二凹部的凹陷深度。
在一些实施例中，所述电极组件包括具有第一连接部的极耳；所述电池单体还包括集流构件，所述集流构件包括用于与所述第一连接部连接的第二连接部和用于与所述电极端子连接的第三连接部；其中，所述第二连接部与所述第一连接部沿端盖的厚度方向层叠设置，所述第三连接部位于所述第二端面面向所述电极组件的一侧。
上述方案中，集流构件的第二连接部与极耳的第一连接部沿端盖的厚度方向层叠设置，便于将第二连接部与第一连接部连接在一起，比如，将第二连接部与第一连接部焊接在一起。
在一些实施例中，所述绝缘件还包括第三凹部，所述第三凹部从所述第二端面沿背离所述电极组件的方向凹陷至所述第二内表面，所述第三凹部被配置为容纳所述第一连接部的至少一部分和/或所述第二连接部的至少一部分。
上述方案中，绝缘件的第三凹部可用于容纳第一连接部的至少一部分和/或第二连接部的至少一部分，可减小极耳与集流构件的连接部分所占 用的壳体内部的空间，为电极组件腾让出更多的空间，以提高电池单体的容量。
在一些实施例中，所述第二凹部的底壁沿面向所述电极组件的方向超出于所述第二内表面。
上述方案中，第二凹部的底壁沿面向电极组件的方向超出于第二本体的第二内表面，使得第二凹部凹陷至第二凸部内，可进一步增大了第二凹部的凹陷深度，增大了第二凹部用于容纳第一凸部的空间，使得第一凸部可延伸至第二凸部更深位置。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池，包括箱体和上述第一方面任意一个实施例提供的电池单体；所述电池单体容纳于所述箱体内。
上述方案中，电池单体容纳于箱体内，在箱体的内部空间一定的情况下，减小电极端子凸出于第一本体外部的部分的长度，减小了电池单体所占用的箱体内部的空间，有利于在箱体内容纳更多的电池单体，从而有效提高了电池的容量。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种用电设备，包括上述第二方面任意一个实施例提供的电池。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体的制造方法，包括：提供壳体，所述壳体具有开口；提供电极组件；提供端盖组件，所述端盖组件包括端盖和电极端子，所述电极端子安装于所述端盖；将所述电极组件容纳于所述壳体内；将所述电极端子与电极组件电连接；将所述端盖盖合于所述开口；其中，所述端盖包括第一本体和第一凸部，所述第一本体具有相对布置的第一内表面和第一外表面，所述第一凸部从所述第一内表面沿面向所述电极组件的方向延伸至第一端面，所述第一本体上与所述第一凸部相对应的位置形成有从所述第一外表面沿面向所述电极组件的方向凹陷的第一凹部，所述第一凹部被配置为容纳所述电极端子，所述电极端子位于所述第一端面背离所述电极组件的一侧。
第五方面，本申请实施例还提供一种电池单体的制造设备，包括：第一提供装置，用于提供壳体，所述壳体具有开口；第二提供装置，用于提供电极组件；第三提供装置，用于提供端盖组件，所述端盖组件包括端盖和电极端子，所述电极端子安装于所述端盖；组装装置，用于将所述电极组件容纳于所述壳体内，所述组装装置并用于将所述电极端子与电极组件电连接，所述组装装置还用于将所述端盖盖合于所述开口；其中，所述端盖包括第一本体和第一凸部，所述第一本体具有相对布置的第一内表面和第一外表面，所述第一凸部从所述第一内表面沿面向所述电极组件的方向延伸至第一端面，所述第一本体上与所述第一凸部相对应的位置形成有 从所述第一外表面沿面向所述电极组件的方向凹陷的第一凹部，所述第一凹部被配置为容纳所述电极端子，所述电极端子位于所述第一端面背离所述电极组件的一侧。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸图；
图3为图2所示的电池模块的结构示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸图；
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的电极组件的结构示意图；
图6为图4所示的电池单体的剖视图；
图7为图6所示的电池单体的局部放大图；
图8为图7所示的端盖组件的局部放大图；
图9为本申请一些实施例提供的绝缘件、集流构件和极耳三者的位置关系图；
图10为本申请另一些实施例提供的绝缘件、集流构件和极耳三者的位置关系图；
图11为本申请又一些实施例提供的绝缘件、集流构件和极耳三者的位置关系图；
图12为图8所示的集流构件的结构示意图；
图13为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的制造方法的流程图；
图14为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的制造设备的示意性框图。
标记说明：10-箱体；11-容纳空间；12-第一部分；13-第二部分；20-电池单体；21-壳体；22-电极组件；221-极耳；2211-第一连接部；222-正极片；223-负极片；224-隔离膜；23-端盖组件；231-端盖；2311-第一本体；2311a-第一内表面；2311b-第一外表面；2312-第一凸部；2312a-第一端面；2313-第一凹部；2313a-第一底壁；2313b-凹槽；2314-电极引出孔；232-电极端子；2321-端子主体；2322-连接体；233-绝缘件；2331-第二本体；2331a-第二内表面；2331b-第二外表面；2332-第二凹部；2332a-第二底壁；2333-第二凸部；2333a-第二端面；2334-第三凹部；234-泄压机构；24-集流构件；241-第二连接部；242-第三连接部；243-第四连接部；244-凸起；25-密闭空间；30-电池模块；31-汇流部件；100-电池；200-控制 器；300-马达；1000-车辆；1100-第一提供装置；1200-第二提供装置；1300-第三提供装置；1400-组装装置；2000-制造设备；Z-厚度方向。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申 请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极片、负极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池单体还可以包括壳体和端盖组件，端盖组件盖合于壳体，以为电极组件和电解液提供一个密闭的空间，电极组件与端盖组件的电极端子电连接。
对于一般的电池而言，电池包括电池单体，电池的容量可能会受到电池单体的结构的影响。
发明人发现，在电池单体中，端盖组件的端盖盖合于壳体后，端盖组件的电极端子凸出于第一本体的外部的部分的尺寸较长，使得整个电池单体占用了较大的空间，进而造成电池的容量减少。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种技术方案，通过在端盖的第一本体上设置第一凸部，第一凸部从第一本体的第一内表面沿面向电极组件的方向延伸至第一端面，并在第一本体上与第一凸部相对应的位置形成第一凹部，第一凹部从第一本体的第一外表面沿面向电极组件的方向凹陷的第一凹部，第一凹部用于容纳电极端子，电极端子位于第一端面背离电极组件的一侧，以减小电极端子凸出于第一本体外部的部分的长度，达到提高电池的容量的目的。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池以及使用电池的用电设 备。
用电设备可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电设备不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电设备为车辆为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。
车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图，电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20，电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。
其中，箱体10用于为电池单体20提供容纳空间11，箱体10可以采用多种结构。
在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一部分12和第二部分13，第一部分12与第二部分13相互盖合，第一部分12和第二部分13共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间11。第二部分13可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分12可以为板状结构，第一部分12盖合于第二部分13的开口侧，以使第一部分12与第二部分13共同限定出容纳空间11；第一部分12和第二部分13也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分12的开口侧盖合于第二部分13的开口侧。当然，第一部分12和第二部分13形成的箱体10可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内；当然，也可以是多个电池单体20先串联 或并联或混联组成电池模块30，多个电池模块30再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。
在一些实施例中，请参照图3，图3为图2所示的电池模块30的结构示意图。电池100包括多个电池模块30，电池模块30包括多个电池单体20，多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块30。多个电池模块30再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。
电池模块30中的多个电池单体20之间可通过汇流部件31电连接，以实现电池模块30中的多个电池单体20的并联或串联或混联。
请参照图4，图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的爆炸图，电池单体20包括壳体21、电极组件22和端盖组件23。壳体21具有开口，电极组件22容纳于壳体21内。端盖组件23包括端盖231和电极端子232，端盖231用于盖合于开口，电极端子232安装于端盖231，电极端子232与电极组件22电连接，电极端子232用于输出电池单体20的电能。
其中，壳体21可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。壳体21的形状可以根据电极组件22的具体形状来确定。比如，若电极组件22为圆柱体结构，壳体21则可选用为圆柱体结构；若电极组件22为长方体结构，壳体21则可选用长方体结构。在图4中，示例性的，壳体21和电极组件22均为长方体结构。
壳体21和端盖231的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
容纳于壳体21内的电极组件22可以是一个或多个。示例性的，在图4中，容纳于壳体21内的电极组件22为两个。
在一些实施例中，端盖组件23还可以包括绝缘件233，绝缘件233位于端盖231面向电极组件22的一侧，绝缘件233用于隔离电极组件22与端盖231，降低短路的风险。
示例性的，绝缘件233可以是塑料、橡胶等。
在一些实施例中，电池单体20还可以包括集流构件24，集流构件24用于连接电极组件22的极耳221和电极端子232，以实现电极端子232与电极组件22的电连接。
集流构件24位于绝缘件233面向电极组件22的一侧，绝缘件233也可起到隔离集流构件24与端盖231的作用。
示例性的，集流构件24为金属导体，比如，铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等。
在一些实施例中，请参照图5，图5为本申请一些实施例提供的电极组件22的结构示意图，电极组件22可以包括正极片222、负极片223和隔离膜224。电极组件22可以是由正极片222、隔离膜224和负极片 223通过卷绕形成的卷绕式结构，电极组件22也可以是由正极片222、隔离膜224和负极片223通过层叠布置形成的层叠式结构。图5示例性的示出了电极组件22为卷绕式结构的情况。
正极片222可以包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面。负极片223可以包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面。隔离膜224在正极片222与负极片223之间，用于将正极片222与负极片223隔离，以降低正极片222与负极片223之间出现短路的风险。
其中，隔离膜224的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。
电极组件22中的极耳221分为正极耳和负极耳，正极耳可以是正极集流体中未涂覆正极活性物质层的部分；负极耳可以是负极集流体中未涂覆负极活性物质层的部分。
在本申请实施例中，请参照图6，图6为图4所示的电池单体20的剖视图，端盖组件23的端盖231盖合于壳体21的开口，以形成用于容纳电池单体20的密闭空间25，密闭空间25还可用于容纳电解质，例如电解液。端盖组件23的电极端子232为用于输出电池单体20的电能的输出部件。
壳体21的开口可以一个，也可以是两个。若壳体21的开口为一个，则端盖组件23可以是一个；若壳体21的开口为两个，则端盖组件23可以是两个，两个端盖组件23中的端盖231分别盖合于两个开口。
端盖组件23中的电极端子232可以是一个，也可以是两个。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图6，壳体21的开口为一个，端盖组件23也为一个，端盖组件23中可以设置两个电极端子232，端盖组件23中的一个电极端子232可以通过一个集流构件24与电极组件22的一个极耳221(正极耳)电连接；端盖组件23中的另一个电极端子232可以通过另一个集流构件24与电极组件22的另一个极耳221(负极耳)电连接。
在另一些实施例中，壳体21的开口为两个，两个开口设置在壳体21相对的两侧，端盖组件23为两个，两个端盖组件23分别盖合于壳体21的两个开口处。在这种情况下，端盖组件23中的端盖231可以是一个，一个端盖组件23中的电极端子232可以通过一个集流构件24与电极组件22的一个极耳221(正极耳)电连接；另一个端盖组件23的电极端子232可以通过另一个集流构件24与电极组件22的另一个极耳221(负极耳)电连接。
在一些实施例中，端盖组件23还可以包括泄压机构234，泄压机构234安装于端盖231上，泄压机构234用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放电池单体20内部的压力。
当然，若电池单体20中的端盖组件23为一个，泄压机构234则可安装于该端盖组件23的端盖231上；若电池单体20中的端盖组件23为两个，可以是每个端盖组件23的端盖231上安装泄压机构234，也可以是只在一个端盖组件23的端盖231上安装泄压机构234。
示例性的，泄压机构234可以是防爆阀、防爆片、气阀、泄压阀或安全阀等。
在本申请实施例中，为提高电池100容量，请参照图7，图7为图6所示的电池单体20的局部放大图，端盖231包括第一本体2311和第一凸部2312，第一本体2311具有相对布置的第一内表面2311a和第一外表面2311b，第一凸部2312从第一内表面2311a沿面向电极组件22的方向延伸至第一端面2312a，第一本体2311上与第一凸部2312相对应的位置形成有从第一外表面2311b沿面向电极组件22的方向凹陷的第一凹部2313，第一凹部2313被配置为容纳电极端子232。
端盖231的第一本体2311上与第一凸部2312相对应的位置形成有从第一外表面2311b沿面向电极组件22的方向凹陷的第一凹部2313，第一凹部2313可用于容纳电极端子232，以减小电极端子232凸出于第一本体2311外部的部分的长度。由于第一凸部2312与第一凹部2313的位置相对应，第一凸部2312可使第一凹部2313尽可能的沿面向电极组件22的方向凹陷，进一步减小电极端子232凸出于第一本体2311外部的部分的长度。在箱体10的内部空间一定的情况下，减小电极端子232凸出于第一本体2311外部的部分的长度，减小了电池单体20所占用的箱体10内部的空间，有利于在箱体10内容纳更多的电池单体20，从而有效提高了电池100的容量。在电池单体20的长度(电池单体20在电极端子232的延伸方向上的尺寸)一定的情况下，减小电极端子232凸出于第一本体2311外部的部分的长度，则可适当的增大壳体21的长度，使得壳体21容纳电极组件22的空间增大，可有效提高电池单体20的容量，进而可提高整个电池100的容量。
需要说明的是，第一凹部2313可以容纳电极端子232的全部，也可以容纳电极端子232的一部分。
其中，第一本体2311用于盖合于壳体21的开口。电极端子232可以安装于第一凹部2313的底部，第一凹部2313沿面向电极组件22的方向凹陷的凹陷深度越大，电极端子232延伸至第一凹部2313内的部分的长度则越长，电极端子232凸出于第一本体2311外部的部分的长度则就越短。
示例性的，第一凹部2313和第二凹部2332的形状可以是圆柱体、长方体等。
在一些实施例中，电极端子232位于第一端面2312a背离电极组 件22的一侧，即电极端子232沿面向电极组件22的方向不会超出于第一端面2312a，电极端子232不会占用壳体21内部的空间，可为壳体21内的电极组件22腾让出更多的空间，有利于提高电池单体20的容量。在另一些实施中，电极端子232也可以沿面向电极组件22的方向超出于第一端面2312a。
在一些实施例中，如图7所示，第一凹部2313的底壁可以沿面向电极组件22的方向超出于第一内表面2311a，即第一凹部2313的底壁较第一内表面2311a更靠近于电极组件22，使得第一凹部2313凹陷至第一凸部2312内，进而增大了第一凹部2313的凹陷深度，进一步减小电极端子232凸出于第一本体2311外部的部分的长度；在另一些实施例中，第一凹部2313的底壁也可以与第一内表面2311a平齐，也可增大第一凹部2313的凹陷深度，以减小电极端子232凸出于第一本体2311外部的部分的长度；在又一些实施例中，第一凹部2313的底壁也可以沿背离电极组件22的方向超出第一内表面2311a，即第一内表面2311a较第一凹部2313的底壁更靠近于电极组件22。其中，第一凹部2313的底壁为第一底壁2313a。
在一些实施例中，请继续参照图7，第一凹部2313的底壁上设有沿面向电极组件22的方向凹陷的凹槽2313b，电极端子232部分容纳于凹槽2313b。
凹槽2313b可起到定位电极端子232的作用，可方便对电极端子232定位安装。凹槽2313b可以是能够与电极端子232相匹配的形状，比如，电极端子232为圆柱形，凹槽2313b也为圆柱形。
可选地，第一凹部2313的深度大于凹槽2313b的深度，即第一外表面2311b到第一底壁2313a的距离大于第一底壁2313a到凹槽2313b的底壁的距离。
可选地，电极端子232可以是分体式结构，电极端子232包括连接体2322和端子主体2321，端子主体2321用于与电极组件22电连接，端子主体2321通过连接体2322安装于端盖231；其中，连接体2322至少部分容纳于凹槽2313b，并与凹槽2313b的侧壁或底壁固定。
端子主体2321用于与电极组件22电连接，端子主体2321的作用是输出电池单体20的电能。连接体2322起到连接端子主体2321和端盖231的作用，连接体2322至少部分容纳于凹槽2313b内并与凹槽2313b的侧壁或底壁固定，则可将端子主体2321固定。
连接体2322可以周向包覆于端子主体2321的外周，以实现连接体2322与端子主体2321的固定。示例性的，连接体2322为包覆于端子主体2321的外周的环形结构。
连接体2322部分容纳于凹槽2313b内后，连接体2322可通过焊 接的方式固定于凹槽2313b的侧壁或底壁。以连接体2322固定于凹槽2313b的侧壁为例，连接体2322可抵靠于凹槽2313b的底壁，焊接过程中的焊料将连接体2322固定于凹槽2313b的侧壁。
为方便连接体2322与端盖231焊接，可使凹槽2313b的侧壁与第一凹部2313的侧壁之间在垂直于端盖231的厚度方向Z上存在距离，示例性的，该距离不小于1mm。
需要说明的是，在其他实施例中，电极端子232也可以是一体式结构，比如，电极端子232为整体式的柱体结构。
在一些实施例中，请参照图8，图8为图7所示的端盖组件23的局部放大图，端盖231上设有与第一凹部2313连通并贯通第一端面2312a的电极引出孔2314，电极端子232覆盖电极引出孔2314。这种结构使得电极端子232未延伸至电极引出孔2314内，便于将电极端子232安装于第一凹部2313内。
示例性的，电极引出孔2314与第一凹部2313通过第一底壁2313a上的凹槽2313b连通。电极端子232中的端子主体2321覆盖电极引出孔2314，使得整个电极端子232覆盖电极引出孔2314。
在一些实施例中，在端盖组件23中设有绝缘件233的情况下，绝缘件233可以包括第二本体2331和第二凹部2332，第二本体2331位于第一本体2311面向电极组件22(参见图7)的一侧，第二本体2331具有相对布置的第二内表面2331a和第二外表面2331b，第二凹部2332从第二外表面2331b沿面向电极组件22的方向凹陷，第二凹部2332被配置为容纳第一凸部2312。
绝缘件233的第二凹部2332可容纳端盖231的第一凸部2312，可减小第一本体2311与第二本体2331之间的距离，以为电极组件22腾让出更多的空间，有利于提高电池单体20的容量。
可选地，第二本体2331的第一外表面2311b抵靠于第一本体2311的第一内表面2311a。这种结构可使第一凸部2312完全容纳于第二凹部2332内，使得端盖231与绝缘件233更加紧凑，可为电极组件22腾让出更多的空间，进一步提高电池单体20的容量。
进一步地，第一端面2312a与第二凹部2332的底壁之间具有间隙，保证第二本体2331的第二外表面2331b能够有效地抵靠于第一本体2311的第一内表面2311a，降低绝缘件233与端盖231之间形成过定位的风险。其中，第二凹部2332的底壁为第二底壁2332a。当然，在其他实施例中，第一端面2312a也可以直接抵靠于第二凹部2332的底壁(第二底壁2332a)。
在一些实施例中，第二本体2331上与第二凹部2332相对应的位置形成有第二凸部2333，第二凸部2333从第二内表面2331a沿面向电极 组件22的方向延伸至第二端面2333a。第二凸部2333的设置可使第二凹部2332尽可能沿面向电极组件22的方向凹陷，以增大第二凹部2332的凹陷深度。
当然，第二底壁2332a可以与第二内表面2331a平齐；第二底壁2332a也可以沿面向电极组件22的方向超出于第二本体2331的第二内表面2331a，即第二底壁2332a较第二内表面2331a更靠近于电极组件22；第二底壁2332a也可以沿背离电极组件22的方向超出于第二本体2331的第二内表面2331a，即第二内表面2331a较第二底壁2332a更靠近于电极组件22。在图8中，示例性示出了，第二底壁2332a沿面向电极组件22的方向超出于第二内表面2331a，使得第二凹部2332凹陷至第二凸部2333内，可进一步增大了第二凹部2332的凹陷深度，增大了第二凹部2332用于容纳第一凸部2312的空间，使得第一凸部2312可延伸至第二凸部2333更深位置。
需要说明的是，若电极端子232沿面向电极组件22的方向超出于第一端面2312a，比如，电极端子232中的端子主体2321沿面向电极组件22的方向超出于第一端面2312a，在这种情况下，电极端子232可以位于第二端面2333a背向电极组件22的一侧，也就是说，若电极端子232沿面向电极组件22的方向未超出于第二端面2333a。
在一些实施例中，若电极组件22的极耳221与电极端子232通过集流构件24电连接，极耳221可以包括第一连接部2211，集流构件24可以包括用于与第一连接部2211连接的第二连接部241和用于与电极端子232连接的第三连接部242；其中，第二连接部241与第一连接部2211沿端盖231的厚度方向Z层叠设置，第三连接部242位于第二端面2333a面向电极组件22的一侧。
集流构件24的第二连接部241与极耳221的第一连接部2211沿端盖231的厚度方向Z层叠设置，便于将第二连接部241与第一连接部2211连接在一起，比如，将第二连接部241与第一连接部2211焊接在一起。
第三连接部242可以抵靠于第二端面2333a，也可以与第二端面2333a存在间隙。若第三连接部242抵靠于第二端面2333a，一方面可提高集流构件24的稳定性，另一方面可使集流构件24与绝缘件233更加紧凑。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件233还可以包括第三凹部2334，第三凹部2334从第二端面2333a沿背离电极组件22的方向凹陷至第二内表面2331a，第三凹部2334被配置为容纳第一连接部2211的至少一部分和/或第二连接部241的至少一部分。第三凹部2334的设置可减小极耳221与集流构件24的连接部分所占用的壳体21内部的空间，为电极组件22腾 让出更多的空间，以提高电池单体20的容量。
以端盖组件23中的电极端子232为两个为例，绝缘件233的第二本体2331的第二内表面2331a上分别与两个电极端子232相对应的位置则可设置两个第二凸部2333，第三凹部2334可以是形成于端盖231面向电极组件22的一侧并位于两个第二凸部2333之间的区域。
在一些实施例中，请参照图9，图9为本申请一些实施例提供的绝缘件233、集流构件24和极耳221三者的位置关系图，在端盖231的厚度方向Z上，第一连接部2211较第二连接部241更靠近于电极组件22(参见图7)，第二连接部241容纳于第三凹部2334内。在另一些实施例中，请参照图10，图10为本申请另一些实施例提供的绝缘件233、集流构件24和极耳221三者的位置关系图，在端盖231的厚度方向Z上，第二连接部241较第一连接部2211更靠近于电极组件22，第一连接部2211容纳于第三凹部2334内。在又一些实施例中，请参照图11，图11为本申请又一些实施例提供的绝缘件233、集流构件24和极耳221三者的位置关系图，第一连接部2211和第二连接部241均容纳于第三凹部2334内，以进一步为电极组件22腾让出更多的空间。
在一些实施例，请参照图12，图12为图8所示的集流构件24的结构示意图，集流构件24还可以包括第四连接部243，第三连接部242与第二连接部241通过第四连接部243连接，第三连接部242与第二连接部241在端盖231的厚度方向Z上间隔设置。对于这种结构的集流构件24而言，第二连接部241可容纳于第三凹部2334内，第三连接部242可抵靠于第二凸部2333的第二端面2333a。
示例性的，第二连接部241、第四连接部243和第三连接部242依次连接形成“Z”形片状结构。其中，在端盖231的厚度方向Z上，第三连接部242靠近第二连接部241的一侧设有用于与电极端子232连接固定的凸起244。当然，第三连接部242上的凸起244可以穿过端盖231上的电极引出孔2314与电极端子232的端子主体2321连接固定，例如，凸起244与端子主体2321焊接。
在一些实施例中，端盖组件中可以不设有绝缘件，此时，端盖为塑胶材质，集流构件与端盖可以直接接触。
请参照图13，图13为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的制造方法的流程图，该方法包括：
S100：提供壳体21，壳体21具有开口；
S200：提供电极组件22；
S300：提供端盖组件23，端盖组件23包括端盖231和电极端子232，电极端子232安装于端盖231；
S400：将电极组件22容纳于壳体21内；
S500：将电极端子232与电极组件22电连接；
S600：将端盖231盖合于开口；
其中，端盖231包括第一本体2311和第一凸部2312，第一本体2311具有相对布置的第一内表面2311a和第一外表面2311b，第一凸部2312从第一内表面2311a沿面向电极组件22的方向延伸至第一端面2312a，第一本体2311上与第一凸部2312相对应的位置形成有从第一外表面2311b沿面向电极组件22的方向凹陷的第一凹部2313，第一凹部2313被配置为容纳电极端子232，电极端子232位于第一端面2312a背离电极组件22的一侧。
在上述方法中，并不限制步骤S100、步骤S200和步骤S300先后顺序，比如，可以先执行步S300，再执行步骤S200，再执行步骤S100。此外，步骤S500可以在步骤S400之前进行，步骤S500也可以在步骤S400之后进行。
通过上述方法制造的电池单体20的相关结构，可参见上述各实施例提供的电池单体20。
请参照图14，图14为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的制造设备2000的示意性框图，制造设备2000包括第一提供装置1100、第二提供装置1200、第三提供装置1300以及组装装置1400。
第一提供装置1100用于提供壳体21，壳体21具有开口。第二提供装置1200，用于提供电极组件22。第三提供装置1300用于提供端盖组件23，端盖组件23包括端盖231和电极端子232，电极端子232安装于端盖231。组装装置1400用于将电极组件22容纳于壳体21内，组装装置1400并用于将电极端子232与电极组件22电连接，组装装置1400还用于将端盖231盖合于开口。
其中，端盖231包括第一本体2311和第一凸部2312，第一本体2311具有相对布置的第一内表面2311a和第一外表面2311b，第一凸部2312从第一内表面2311a沿面向电极组件22的方向延伸至第一端面2312a，第一本体2311上与第一凸部2312相对应的位置形成有从第一外表面2311b沿面向电极组件22的方向凹陷的第一凹部2313，第一凹部2313被配置为容纳电极端子232，电极端子232位于第一端面2312a背离电极组件22的一侧。
通过上述制造设备2000制造的电池单体20的相关结构，可参见上述各实施例提供的电池单体20。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本 申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    壳体，具有开口；
    电极组件，容纳于所述壳体内；以及
    端盖组件，包括端盖和电极端子，所述端盖用于盖合于所述开口，所述电极端子安装于所述端盖，并用于与所述电极组件电连接；
    其中，所述端盖包括第一本体和第一凸部，所述第一本体具有相对布置的第一内表面和第一外表面，所述第一凸部从所述第一内表面沿面向所述电极组件的方向延伸至第一端面，所述第一本体上与所述第一凸部相对应的位置形成有从所述第一外表面沿面向所述电极组件的方向凹陷的第一凹部，所述第一凹部被配置为容纳所述电极端子，所述电极端子位于所述第一端面背离所述电极组件的一侧。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一凹部的底壁沿面向所述电极组件的方向超出于所述第一内表面；或，所述第一凹部的底壁与所述第一内表面平齐。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一凹部的底壁上设有沿面向所述电极组件的方向凹陷的凹槽，所述电极端子部分容纳于所述凹槽。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其中，所述电极端子包括连接体和端子主体，所述端子主体用于与所述电极组件电连接，所述端子主体通过所述连接体安装于所述端盖；
    其中，所述连接体至少部分容纳于所述凹槽，并与所述凹槽的侧壁或底壁固定。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一凹部的深度大于所述凹槽的深度。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述端盖上设有与所述第一凹部连通并贯通所述第一端面的电极引出孔，所述电极端子覆盖所述电极引出孔。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述端盖组件还包括绝缘件；
    所述绝缘件位于所述端盖面向所述电极组件的一侧，所述绝缘件用于隔离所述电极组件与所述端盖。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池单体，其中，所述绝缘件包括第二本体和第二凹部，所述第二本体位于所述第一本体面向所述电极组件的一侧，所述第二本体具有相对布置的第二内表面和第二外表面，所述第二凹部从所述第二外表面沿面向所述电极组件的方向凹陷，所述第二凹部被配置为 容纳所述第一凸部。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二外表面抵靠于所述第一内表面。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一端面与所述第二凹部的底壁之间具有间隙。
  11. 根据权利要求8-10任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二本体上与所述第二凹部相对应的位置形成有第二凸部，所述第二凸部从所述第二内表面沿面向所述电极组件的方向延伸至第二端面。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池单体，其中，所述电极组件包括具有第一连接部的极耳；
    所述电池单体还包括集流构件，所述集流构件包括用于与所述第一连接部连接的第二连接部和用于与所述电极端子连接的第三连接部；
    其中，所述第二连接部与所述第一连接部沿端盖的厚度方向层叠设置，所述第三连接部位于所述第二端面面向所述电极组件的一侧。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池单体，其中，所述绝缘件还包括第三凹部，所述第三凹部从所述第二端面沿背离所述电极组件的方向凹陷至所述第二内表面，所述第三凹部被配置为容纳所述第一连接部的至少一部分和/或所述第二连接部的至少一部分。
  14. 根据权利要求8-13任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二凹部的底壁沿面向所述电极组件的方向超出于所述第二内表面。
  15. 一种电池，包括箱体和根据权利要求1-14任一项所述的电池单体；
    所述电池单体容纳于所述箱体内。
  16. 一种用电设备，包括权利要求15所述的电池。
  17. 一种电池单体的制造方法，包括：
    提供壳体，所述壳体具有开口；
    提供电极组件；
    提供端盖组件，所述端盖组件包括端盖和电极端子，所述电极端子安装于所述端盖；
    将所述电极组件容纳于所述壳体内；
    将所述电极端子与电极组件电连接；
    将所述端盖盖合于所述开口；
    其中，所述端盖包括第一本体和第一凸部，所述第一本体具有相对布置的第一内表面和第一外表面，所述第一凸部从所述第一内表面沿面向所述电极组件的方向延伸至第一端面，所述第一本体上与所述第一凸部相对应的位置形成有从所述第一外表面沿面向所述电极组件的方向凹陷的第一凹部，所述第一凹部被配置为容纳所述电极端子，所述电极端子位于所述 第一端面背离所述电极组件的一侧。
  18. 一种电池单体的制造设备，包括：
    第一提供装置，用于提供壳体，所述壳体具有开口；
    第二提供装置，用于提供电极组件；
    第三提供装置，用于提供端盖组件，所述端盖组件包括端盖和电极端子，所述电极端子安装于所述端盖；以及
    组装装置，用于将所述电极组件容纳于所述壳体内，所述组装装置并用于将所述电极端子与电极组件电连接，所述组装装置还用于将所述端盖盖合于所述开口；
    其中，所述端盖包括第一本体和第一凸部，所述第一本体具有相对布置的第一内表面和第一外表面，所述第一凸部从所述第一内表面沿面向所述电极组件的方向延伸至第一端面，所述第一本体上与所述第一凸部相对应的位置形成有从所述第一外表面沿面向所述电极组件的方向凹陷的第一凹部，所述第一凹部被配置为容纳所述电极端子，所述电极端子位于所述第一端面背离所述电极组件的一侧。
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